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Neurodevelopmental Correlates of the Emerging Adult Self T ⁎ Christopher G
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience 36 (2019) 100626 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dcn Neurodevelopmental correlates of the emerging adult self T ⁎ Christopher G. Daveya,b,c, , Alex Fornitod,e, Jesus Pujolf, Michael Breakspearg,h, Lianne Schmaala,b, Ben J. Harrisonc a Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia b Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia c Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia d Monash Clinical and Imaging Neuroscience, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia e Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia f MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona, Spain g QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia h Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The self-concept – the set of beliefs that a person has about themselves – shows significant development from Adolescent development adolescence to early adulthood, in parallel with brain development over the same period. We sought to in- Connectivity vestigate how age-related changes in self-appraisal processes corresponded with brain network segregation and Default mode network integration in healthy adolescents and young adults. We scanned 88 participants (46 female), aged from 15 to 25 Functional MRI years, as they performed a self-appraisal task. We first examined their patterns of activation to self-appraisal, and Self replicated prior reports of reduced dorsomedial prefrontal cortex activation with older age, with similar re- ductions in precuneus, right anterior insula/operculum, and a region extending from thalamus to striatum. -
Of Boundary Extension: Anticipatory Scene Representation Across Development and Disorder
Received: 23 July 2016 | Revised: 14 January 2017 | Accepted: 19 January 2017 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22728 RESEARCH ARTICLE Testing the “Boundaries” of boundary extension: Anticipatory scene representation across development and disorder G. Spano1,2 | H. Intraub3 | J. O. Edgin1,2,4 1Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 Abstract 2Cognitive Science Program, University of Recent studies have suggested that Boundary Extension (BE), a scene construction error, may be Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 linked to the function of the hippocampus. In this study, we tested BE in two groups with varia- 3Department of Psychological and Brain tions in hippocampal development and disorder: a typically developing sample ranging from Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, preschool to adolescence and individuals with Down syndrome. We assessed BE across three dif- Delaware 19716 ferent test modalities: drawing, visual recognition, and a 3D scene boundary reconstruction task. 4Sonoran University Center for Excellence in Despite confirmed fluctuations in memory function measured through a neuropsychological Developmental Disabilities, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 assessment, the results showed consistent BE in all groups across test modalities, confirming the Correspondence near universal nature of BE. These results indicate that BE is an essential function driven by a com- Goffredina Spano, Wellcome Trust Centre plex set of processes, that occur even in the face of delayed memory development and for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, hippocampal dysfunction in special populations. University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Email: [email protected] KEYWORDS Funding information down syndrome, memory development, hippocampus, prediction error, top-down influences LuMind Research Down Syndrome Foundation; Research Down Syndrome and the Jerome Lejeune Foundation; Molly Lawson Graduate Fellow in Down Syndrome Research (GS). -
Porch Light Program: Final Evaluation Report Table of Contents
Porch Light Program Final Evaluation Report jacob kraemer tebes, phd Yale University School of Medicine samantha l. matlin, phd Philadelphia Department of Behavioral Health and Intellectual disAbility Services & Yale University School of Medicine bronwyn hunter, phd Y school of medicine Department of Psychiatry azure b. thompson, dph Division of Prevention & Community Research dana m. prince, phd The Consultation Center nathaniel mohatt, phd 389 Whitney Avenue Yale School of Medicine New Haven, CT 06511 consultationcenter.yale.edu This evaluation was made possible by funding from: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, City of Phila- delphia Department of Behavioral Health and Intellectual disAbility Services, Thomas Scattergood Behavioral Health Foundation, William Penn Foundation, Independence Foundation, The Philadelphia Foundation, The Patricia Kind Family Foundation, Hummingbird Foundation, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (K12HD066065 & T32 DA 019426). We thank the many individuals and organizations who made this project possible, including: the many program participants and neighborhood residents who shared their experiences through interviews; Jane Golden, Sara Ansell, Joan Reilly, Will Pace, Maneesha Sane, Juliana Fomenko, Jeane Cohen, Lindsay Matt, Dave Kyu, Nicole Steinberg, and the staff from Philadelphia Mural Arts Program; Arthur Evans, Kyra Turner, Anthony McLaughlin as well as staff and peer specialists from the Philadelphia DBHIDS; artists James Burns, Betsy Casañas, Keir Johnston, Nina Lyrispect Ball, Perry “Vision” -
Cass-Capco Institute Paper Series on Risk
the journal of financial transformation journal 03/2009/#25 Cass-Capco Institute Paper Series on Risk Recipient of the APEX Awards for Publication Excellence 2002-2008 Minimise risk, optimise success With a Masters degree from Cass Business School, you will gain the knowledge and skills to stand out in the real world. MSc in Insurance and Risk Management Cass is one of the world’s leading academic centres For applicants to the Insurance and Risk in the insurance field. What's more, graduates Management MSc who already hold a from the MSc in Insurance and Risk Management CII Advanced Diploma, there is a fast-track gain exemption from approximately 70% of the January start, giving exemption from the examinations required to achieve the Advanced first term of the degree. Diploma of the Chartered Insurance Institute (ACII). To find out more about our regular information sessions, the next is 10 April 2008, visit www.cass.city.ac.uk/masters and click on 'sessions at Cass' or 'International & UK'. Alternatively call admissions on: +44 (0)20 7040 8611 Editor Shahin Shojai, Global Head of Strategic Research, Capco Advisory Editors Dai Bedford, Partner, Capco Nick Jackson, Partner, Capco Keith MacDonald, Partner, Capco Editorial Board Franklin Allen, Nippon Life Professor of Finance, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania Joe Anastasio, Partner, Capco Philippe d’Arvisenet, Group Chief Economist, BNP Paribas Rudi Bogni, former Chief Executive Officer, UBS Private Banking Bruno Bonati, Strategic Consultant, Bruno Bonati Consulting David Clark, NED on the board of financial institutions and a former senior advisor to the FSA Géry Daeninck, former CEO, Robeco Stephen C. -
Phd Position on the Sensorimotor and Social Mechanisms of Hallucinations in Healthy Participants and Patients with Parkinson’S Disease
PhD position on the sensorimotor and social mechanisms of hallucinations in healthy participants and patients with Parkinson’s Disease. Prof. Olaf Blanke Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland The LaBoratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, directed By Olaf Blanke (https://www.epfl.ch/laBs/lnco/), has an open position for a PhD student on the investigation of the sensorimotor and social brain mechanisms of a specific hallucination (presence hallucination; Blanke et al., Current Biology 2014; Arzy et al., Nature 2006) in healthy participants and in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The project will couple roBotics, virtual reality (VR), experimental psychology, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and is part of a larger research project on hallucinations. Most patients with PD are not only affected by motor symptoms (e.g., tremor), but also experience hallucinations as a symptom of the disease (Lenka et al., Neurology 2019). Despite the high prevalence of patients with hallucinations, the neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. By comBining MRI-compatible roBotics (Hara et al., J Neuroscience Methods 2014) and MRI-compatible VR, the present project plans to investigate how sensorimotor and social stimulation can induce and mimic symptomatic hallucinations (in patients with PD and in healthy participants) in a fully controlled environment. The ideal candidate should have a Master degree (or equivalent) in computer science, neuroscience, medicine, psychology, or engineering, Be strongly motivated with a keen interest in cognitive-systems neuroscience and neuroimaging/signal analysis. A strong neuroimaging background (fMRI), previous research experience in the experimental psychology, and/or strong programming skills (Matlab, python, etc.) are a plus. -
Henry Molaison of Facts and Events) and Acquisition of New Patient Who Became a Cause Célèbre in the Study of Memory Semantic Knowledge
OBITUARIES For the full versions of articles in this section see bmj.com declarative memory (conscious recollection Henry Molaison of facts and events) and acquisition of new Patient who became a cause célèbre in the study of memory semantic knowledge. Since his short term memory was intact, researchers concluded Henry Gustav Molaison, though known until Milner was published in the Journal of Neurology, that this did not depend on the removed his death only as HM to protect his privacy, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry in 1957 (20:11-21). It structures. Interestingly, HM was able to is considered to be “one of the most famous became one of the most highly cited articles in learn motor skills, implying a different type people in the history of psychology.” He the field, with 1744 citations to 2001. of memory mechanism. would undoubtedly be surprised to discover Psychosurgery was still popular in the HM did not know his age and was unable that his death has been commemorated by United States in the early 1950s. The paper to acquire new vocabulary. His retrograde extensive obituaries in leading non-medical gives the results of formal memory and amnesia extended back to the age of 16. publications, including the New York Times, Los intelligence testing of He appeared content Angeles Times, and Economist. Suzanne Corkin, nine patients who had at all times and rarely a psychologist at Massachusetts Institute of undergone bilateral complained of anything, Technology who worked with HM for 45 medial temporal lobe including pain, hunger, years and who is writing a book about her resection. -
Developmental Dynamics: Toward a Biologically Plausible Evolutionary Psychology
Psychological Bulletin Copyright 2003 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 2003, Vol. 129, No. 6, 819–835 0033-2909/03/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.6.819 Developmental Dynamics: Toward a Biologically Plausible Evolutionary Psychology Robert Lickliter Hunter Honeycutt Florida International University Indiana University Bloomington There has been a conceptual revolution in the biological sciences over the past several decades. Evidence from genetics, embryology, and developmental biology has converged to offer a more epigenetic, contingent, and dynamic view of how organisms develop. Despite these advances, arguments for the heuristic value of a gene-centered, predeterministic approach to the study of human behavior and development have become increasingly evident in the psychological sciences during this time. In this article, the authors review recent advances in genetics, embryology, and developmental biology that have transformed contemporary developmental and evolutionary theory and explore how these advances challenge gene-centered explanations of human behavior that ignore the complex, highly coordinated system of regulatory dynamics involved in development and evolution. The prestige of success enjoyed by the gene theory might become a evolutionary psychology assert that applying insights from evolu- hindrance to the understanding of development by directing our tionary theory to explanations of human behavior will stimulate attention solely to the genome....Already we have theories that refer more fruitful research programs and provide a powerful frame- the processes of development to genic action and regard the whole work for discovering evolved psychological mechanisms thought performance as no more than the realization of the potencies of the genes. Such theories are altogether too one-sided. -
How Much Are We Willing to Pay for a Fossil?
OPINION NATURE|Vol 462|24/31 December 2009 CORRESPONDENCE Goodbye to Darwin popular religious beliefs in some ‘theory of progressive change’. (1858–1925) and Otto Dix conservative societies across the In fact, the word jinhualun (1891–1969). Some milder from a contemporary eastern world. There, the writings originated in Japan in the 1870s, conditions can even enhance with vision and thoughts of intellectuals, gaining popularity in China only productivity and creativity. For however influential, are no match after appearing in Ma Junwu’s example, the metaphysical art of One night some 40 years ago, for traditional religion. later translation of Darwin’s The Giorgio de Chirico (1888–1978) I was working late and alone in the For example, in Pakistan it was Origin of Species. may have been inspired by library at the Marine Biology not until 2002 that a chapter on Instead, Yan Fu coined the migraine or epilepsy. Laboratory at Woods Hole (in evolution was included for the term tianyanlun. The Chinese Kemp focuses entirely those days, the library never really first time in a school textbook, as a words tian and yan are layered in on the beholder, as though closed), searching for something result of the federal government’s meaning, with tian translatable as — to paraphrase the French in the 1882 volume of Archiv für educational reforms. The earlier ‘heaven’ and yan as ‘development’ philosopher Roland Barthes Protistenkunde. As I opened it, out decades of attempts to suppress or ‘performance’, among other (Aspen 5–6; 1967) — the birth of fell a folded page from the magazine scientific ideas were certainly not concepts. -
3. Memory Enhancement and Cognitive Engineering
3. Memory enhancement and cognitive engineering By Olaf Blanke (Professor and Bertarelli Chair in Cognitive Neuroprosthetics, EPFL), Baptiste Gauthier (Senior Researcher, EPFL) with contributions through interviews from Itzhak Fried (Professor at the Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles), Johannes Gräff (Professor at the Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics) , Bryan Johnson (CEO, Kernel) and Michael Kahana (Professor for Computational Memory, University of Pennsylvania) and edited by Moheb Costandi. Key Concepts Deep Brain Stimulation is an experimental surgical procedure that involves chronic implantation of stimulating wire electrodes into deep brain structures. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Deep Brain Stimulation as a treatment for the motor symptoms of movement disorders in 1997, and since then the technique has been used to treat approximately 150,000 Parkinson’s Disease patients. It is also being used experimentally to treat various psychiatric conditions, including major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Optogenetics is an experimental technique that offers by far the most sophisticated approach to manipulating memories. Developed over the past 15 years, optogenetics involves targeting specific neuronal cell types with genetic constructs containing light-sensitive algal genes. The constructs render specific, genetically targeted sub-sets of neurons sensitive to light, so that they can be activated or inhibited with light pulses delivered into the brain by means of optical fibres. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation stimulates brain activity by inducing a magnetic field that modulates the activity of neuronal populations within a targeted region of the cerebral cortex. Developed in 1985, the technique is being investigated as a treatment for various psychiatric conditions and received FDA approval as a treatment for drug-resistant major depression in 2008. -
The 100 Most Eminent Psychologists of the 20Th Century
Review of General Psychology Copyright 2002 by the Educational Publishing Foundation 2002, Vol. 6, No. 2, 139–152 1089-2680/02/$5.00 DOI: 10.1037//1089-2680.6.2.139 The 100 Most Eminent Psychologists of the 20th Century Steven J. Haggbloom Renee Warnick, Jason E. Warnick, Western Kentucky University Vinessa K. Jones, Gary L. Yarbrough, Tenea M. Russell, Chris M. Borecky, Reagan McGahhey, John L. Powell III, Jamie Beavers, and Emmanuelle Monte Arkansas State University A rank-ordered list was constructed that reports the first 99 of the 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century. Eminence was measured by scores on 3 quantitative variables and 3 qualitative variables. The quantitative variables were journal citation frequency, introductory psychology textbook citation frequency, and survey response frequency. The qualitative variables were National Academy of Sciences membership, election as American Psychological Association (APA) president or receipt of the APA Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award, and surname used as an eponym. The qualitative variables were quantified and combined with the other 3 quantitative variables to produce a composite score that was then used to construct a rank-ordered list of the most eminent psychologists of the 20th century. The discipline of psychology underwent a eve of the 21st century, the APA Monitor (“A remarkable transformation during the 20th cen- Century of Psychology,” 1999) published brief tury, a transformation that included a shift away biographical sketches of some of the more em- from the European-influenced philosophical inent contributors to that transformation. Mile- psychology of the late 19th century to the stones such as a new year, a new decade, or, in empirical, research-based, American-dominated this case, a new century seem inevitably to psychology of today (Simonton, 1992). -
Cognitive Psychology
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY PSYCH 126 Acknowledgements College of the Canyons would like to extend appreciation to the following people and organizations for allowing this textbook to be created: California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office Chancellor Diane Van Hook Santa Clarita Community College District College of the Canyons Distance Learning Office In providing content for this textbook, the following professionals were invaluable: Mehgan Andrade, who was the major contributor and compiler of this work and Neil Walker, without whose help the book could not have been completed. Special Thank You to Trudi Radtke for editing, formatting, readability, and aesthetics. The contents of this textbook were developed under the Title V grant from the Department of Education (Award #P031S140092). However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government. Unless otherwise noted, the content in this textbook is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Table of Contents Psychology .................................................................................................................................................... 1 126 ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1 - History of Cognitive Psychology ............................................................................................. 7 Definition of Cognitive Psychology -
Webinar Lecture #5
5/20/20 Foundations for Integrating Hypnosis into Your Therapies for Treating Anxiety, Depression, and Pain with Michael D. Yapko, Ph.D. Webinar Section 5 of 12 Michael D. Yapko, Ph.D. www.yapko.com 1 • Direct regression to a specific time, context • Imagery of special vehicles • Metaphorical and indirect approaches Michael D. Yapko, Ph.D. www.yapko.com 2 • Orient to hypnosis • Induction • Response set regarding memory • Regression strategy; emphasize positive memory • Interaction (remember to ask neutrally) • PHS (integrate a positive learning from the experience) • Closure and disengagement Michael D. Yapko, Ph.D. www.yapko.com 3 1 5/20/20 •Encoding •Storage •Retrieval Distortions can occur at any stage Michael D. Yapko, Ph.D. www.yapko.com 4 “Memory is reconstructive, not reproductive” Michael D. Yapko, Ph.D. www.yapko.com 5 “I have the feeling…but I don’t have the memory” Stage hypnosis: “What’s so funny about your movie?” Michael D. Yapko, Ph.D. www.yapko.com 6 2 5/20/20 That’s why hypnotically obtained testimony is generally excluded from court proceedings In Search of Memory by Eric Kandel Searching for Memory by Daniel Schacter The Seven Sins of Memory by Daniel Schacter The Memory Illusion by Julia Shaw Memory by Bennett Schwartz Michael D. Yapko, Ph.D. www.yapko.com 8 And a whole new generation of therapists is starting to make some of the same mistakes all over again… Michael D. Yapko, Ph.D. www.yapko.com 9 3 5/20/20 See “Divided Memories,” a PBS 4-hour documentary on the subject you’ll find on YouTube Also watch the demonstration of implanting a false memory on YouTube by Dr.