Hungarian Research

HUF 440/$ 4 HUNGARIANHUNGARIAN AGRICULTURALAGRICULTURAL RESEARCHRESEARCH June 2012 Juornal of the Ministry of Rural Development Hungary National Agricultural Advisory, Educational and Rural Development Institute (NAERDI) www.agrarlapok.hu The Ignác Darányi Plan – Rural Areas want to Flourish, Hungary will be renewed “Hungary was always at its comprehensive areas: agricultural The first pillar aims at removing strongest when its agriculture economy, rural development, obstacles that hinder farmers and was flourishing.” These were the food economy, and environmental producers through the amendment words of Prime Minister Viktor protection. of legislation and regulations. The Orbán when, together with Minster The goal of the Ministry is a second plans to reduce bureaucracy for Rural Development Sándor secure, healthy food supply, the through the setting up of customer- Fazekas, he launched the Ignác retention of GMO-free status, the friendly offices and by reducing Darányi Plan, the implementation development of the local economy administrative requirements. The framework programme of the and local markets, the creation of a third pillar focuses on changing National Rural Strategy (NRS), sustainable agricultural structure, people’s way of thinking and on valid until 2020. and the protection and preservation providing training courses. The This is the first time in decades of natural resources. In harmony with fourth pillar will support rural that a comprehensive, long-term plan the European model, the Strategy is areas in Hungary by launching of action has been formulated for committed to supporting family and jointly financed European Union the advancement of agriculture and individually run farms, small and and Hungarian tenders for rural rural areas. The Government and medium sized businesses and their development projects. The fifth the Ministry of Rural Development co-operative associations. pillar includes the preparation, wish to achieve the fundamental One of the major tasks of the launching and running of national and radical reform of rural life with Strategy is to increase job creation programmes. the help of the Plan. and employment in rural areas. Both national and European Following a broad social debate, The National Rural Strategy Union funding is available for the the Ministry has finalised the includes 43 national strategic implementation of the Ignác Darányi National Rural Strategy, which programmes and 7 regional Plan, some 300 billion HUF until forms the basis of the Ignác programmes in 7 areas. the end of 2013. Darányi Plan. The Plan is named The concrete objectives of the At the ceremonial launching of after Ignác Darányi, an exceptional National Rural Strategy include an the Ignác Darányi Plan, Minister for and prestigious politician active in increase in agricultural employment Rural Development Sándor Fazekas the late 19th century and the early to 700 thousand by 2020, of the share emphasised, it is no accident that 20th century. Thanks to his almost of local distribution to 20 percent, the motto of the document is: Rural 12 years as Minister, Hungarian and of the ratio of young farmers Areas want to flourish, Hungary will agriculture was regarded as being from 21 percent to 30 percent. be renewed! As he put it, “I trust in among the best in Europe at the turn The implementation of the the fact that, similarly to Darányi, of the century. National Rural Strategy is provided we will succeed in solving the tasks The Ministry aims to apply for by the Ignác Darányi Plan, the faced by rural areas and agriculture the Strategy to help reform the goal of which is to achieve decisive in Hungary. There is strength in whole of rural Hungary. To realise changes in the life of rural Hungary rural Hungary. The stakes are high: these objectives, the document based on fundamental pillars in 5 the future of rural areas, the future determines courses of action in four areas of action. of Hungary!” 2 Hungarian Agricultural Research 2012/2 HUNGARIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH Vol. 21, No. 2. June 2012 Journal of the Ministry of Rural Development Nonius mares at a driving competition Hungary (photo by Péter Novák) 2 The Ignác Darányi Plan – Rural Areas want to Flourish, Hungary will be renewed 4 Horse breeding in Hungary, Hungarian horse breeds Sándor Mihók – Imre Bodó 20 Situation of the agricultural technical development in Hungary Szilvia Erdeiné Késmárki-Gally and István Szűcs 2011 was an Outstanding Year for Hungarian Agriculture Editor-in-Chief Published by Owner István Gyürk National Agricultural Advisory, Educational and Rural Development Institute (NAERDI) H-1223 Budapest, Park u. 2. Hungary Technical Editor www.agrarlapok.hu | [email protected] János Bakk Editorial Office Deparment of Mechanics and Engineering Design Editorial Board Szent István University, Gödöllő | H-2103 Gödöllő, Hungary Péter Biacs, Lajos Bona, Sándor Csányi, László Fésüs, László E. Heszky, Ágos- Subscription request should be placed with the Publisher (see above) Subscription are HUF 1200 (only in Hungary) or ton Hoschke, József Lehota, Dávid $16 early plus $5 (p & p) outside Hungary Mezőszentgyörgyi, Mária Pécsi, Aladár Porpáczy, Péter Sembery, Ferenc Vetési HU ISSN 1216-4526 Hungarian Agricultural Research 2012/2 3 Sándor Mihók1 – Imre Bodó1 Horse breeding in Hungary, Hungarian horse breeds Hungary contributed to the process where, in the new scale of values, diversity incurred in the case of making people believe that horse the horse was first considered as an domestic animal breeds. is the most wonderful companion unnecessary remain of an outdated Other nations, probably those with animal in the history of mankind. age with no need to make financial, older horse breeding culture and less It was a Hungarian man who spiritual or moral sacrifice. capital intensity preserve their old gave Europe the light carriage Later this approach has changed, breeds, considering it as important that revolutionized traffic, and however, it is undisputable that as the market success of the breeds. the Hungarian hussars laid the horse breeding in Hungary is under This approach was insignificant for foundation for the modern army of the shock of decade-long changes a long time during the period of light horsemen. In our former horse in utilization and gradual loss of drastic changes in the utilization institute, Örkénytábor, qualified market share. As horse breeding of the horse, as a consequence of horse riding teachers established a and horse keeping is financed by which the number of individuals coaching scheme that was used in income produced in other sectors, in these traditional horse breeds Europe and America, helping other the status of horse breeding is still decreased, especially in Hungary, nations to have success at world controversial. and became endangered from the championships and Olympics. The horse breeding of that aspects of gene conservation. Some Our stud-farms in Mezőhegyes, era in well-capitalized countries of them are now in critical situation. Bábolna, Kisbér, Hortobágy and can be characterised by breeding They are not competitive any more Szil vás várad created the uniqueness methods enhancing heterogeneity with international sport horse of the whole culture of Hungarian for quick genetic improvement breeding using several thousands animal husbandry. The horse by utilizing the gene effects of mares. It cannot be disputed that breeds that were bred or whose induced by epistasis, dominance less mental and financial energy has purebredness was maintained in and special combining ability. been invested in them in the last these stud-farms are appreciated From individuals originating from decades than in the breeds got in the all over the world. Horse breeding paired mating, the ones suitable for world’s front line, and they has not became an integral part of our deep- the given application are chosen have successful market development rooted culture. applying great selection pressure. strategy either, contrary to the world- After the Second World War, Using this deliberate, relentless wide breeds where the numbers of horses have not been used in selection, horses with amazing individuals have risen tremendously wars any more. Motorisation was performance are put in the centre due to the above. The small-scale spreading rapidly in European of breed image, and the inherent gene conservation subsidies were agriculture. By the 1960’s, the phenotypic and genetic difference not substantial enough to bring horse lost the hegemony and social between the breeds are eliminated a change and cannot balance the reputation of thousands of years, by the identical breeding aims, disadvantages. and new bases were established breeding techniques and breeding By the 21st century, the view for its future. Horses are presently partners, making the horses similar that various domestic animal used in equestrian sports and for in appearance and pedigree. Even breeds form important parts of the healthy recreation purposes. Beside though the names of breeds have world’s biological diversity had horse races, different equestrian been kept, the maintenance and strengthened. In this modified scale sports were accepted as well. This protection of genetic diversity is of values, old breeds with special occurred much earlier in Western neglected. It is only the last few or igin bred in relatively small number Europe than in Eastern Europe decades that the necessity of genetic of individuals have become more 1 University of Debrecen, Centre for Agricultural and Applied

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