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Universidade De Lisboa Faculdade De Medicina Veterinária

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Universidade De Lisboa Faculdade De Medicina Veterinária UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA “CHARACTERIZATION AND SELECTION OF THE LUSITANO HORSE BREED” António Pedro Andrade Vicente CONSTITUIÇÃO DO JÚRI: ORIENTADOR: Doutor Luís Lavadinho Telo da Gama PRESIDENTE Reitor da Universidade de Lisboa VOGAIS CO-ORIENTADOR: Doutor Francisco Javier Cañon Ferreras Doutor Renato Nuno Pimentel Carolino Doutor Luís Lavadinho Telo da Gama Doutora Maria do Mar Oom Doutor Victor Manuel Diogo de Oliveira Alves Doutor Renato Nuno Pimentel Carolino Doutor Claudino António Pereira de Matos LISBOA 2015 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA “CHARACTERIZATION AND SELECTION OF THE LUSITANO HORSE BREED” TESE DE DOUTORAMENTO EM CIÊNCIAS VETERINÁRIAS, ESPECIALIDADE DE PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL António Pedro Andrade Vicente CONSTITUIÇÃO DO JÚRI: ORIENTADOR: Doutor Luís Lavadinho Telo da Gama PRESIDENTE Reitor da Universidade de Lisboa VOGAIS CO-ORIENTADOR: Doutor Francisco Javier Cañon Ferreras Doutor Renato Nuno Pimentel Carolino Doutor Luís Lavadinho Telo da Gama Doutora Maria do Mar Oom Doutor Victor Manuel Diogo de Oliveira Alves Doutor Renato Nuno Pimentel Carolino Doutor Claudino António Pereira de Matos LISBOA 2015 Characterization and selection of the Lusitano horse breed Dedication/Dedicatória DEDICATION/DEDICATÓRIA Ao meu querido e amado PAI pelos princípios fundamentais de civismo, rigor, profissionalismo, isenção e trabalho que me transmitiu na nossa curta mas recheada convivência mundana! Esta vai mesmo por ti! Até sempre! A esse grande Homem que foi e sempre será o Dr. Henrique Soares Cruz, pelas suas extraordinárias capacidades de liderar e deixar “obra feita”. A si muito lhe devo, em particular na nossa “Equinicultura”! Bem-haja e até sempre! Aos meus queridos e amados filhos, Afonso e Margarida, e à minha amada Maria, por preencherem e completarem cada dia das nossas vidas! Doctoral Thesis in Veterinary Science António Pedro Andrade Vicente Characterization and selection of the Lusitano horse breed Acknowledgements/Agradecimentos ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS/AGRADECIMENTOS Antes de mais gostaria de deixar bem expressos os meus sinceros agradecimentos a todas as pessoas que, directa ou indirectamente, colaboraram na realização deste trabalho e sem as quais o qual jamais teria sido possível concluir: Ao meu orientador de sempre, Professor Doutor Luís Telo da Gama, pelo seu apoio, sugestões constantes, colaboração na elaboração e revisão crítica dos vários artigos científicos e deste manuscrito e por me incutir o gosto pelo conhecimento científico, profundo e rigoroso, em especial na área dos recursos genéticos animais, e pela capacidade didáctica excepcional que me tem transmitido ao longo destes vários anos de convivência conjunta; Ao meu co-orientador, Professor Doutor Nuno Carolino, amigo do coração, padrinho por opção, pelo homem de grande carácter, profissionalismo e dedicação que é, e por todo o apoio na estruturação dos trabalhos, colaboração e participação constantes nas várias e extensas análises realizadas, bem como servir para mim de referência e modelo a seguir. Bem hajas por existires na minha vida! Ao Professor Doutor Rui Caldeira, pelo seu apoio constante, sugestões, esclarecimentos durante toda a realização do doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias na FMV e pela sua enorme capacidade organizativa, dinamismo e empenho que coloca em tudo o que faz; Ao Eng. João Ralão Duarte, secretário-geral e técnico da APSL, pela sua amizade, pelas suas constantes sugestões, colaboração como co-autor nos artigos científicos e disponibilização, pronta e atempada, para ajudar e fornecer elementos fundamentais sobre o cavalo Lusitano; À Sra. D. Elisa Morais por toda a colaboração e apoio, em especial na informatização da compliação dos resultados desportivos de dressage; À Matilde Cid pela colaboração, como aluna estagiária de Zootecnia, na compilação informática de resultados de dressage, na FEP, referente aos anos 2000- 2005; À empresa Jump-Off, na pessoa dos Srs. João Miguel Palla e Pedro Leal, pela disponibilização de ficheiros informáticos com vários resultados desportivos de dressage; Doctoral Thesis in Veterinary Science António Pedro Andrade Vicente Characterization and selection of the Lusitano horse breed Acknowledgements/Agradecimentos À Rita Cabral de Moura da APSL, pela amizade, disponibilização de todos os resultados mundiais disponíveis sobre Equitação de Trabalho, bem como por toda a ajuda na identificação de muitos cavalos lusitanos para validação dos seus resultados desportivos; À Teresa Cruz, Aida Lopes e Rui Tiago Recto da APSL pela colaboração na disponibilização de dados sobre o cavalo lusitano; Ao Sr. Manuel Bandeira de Mello, ex-secretário-geral da FEP pela colaboração na disponibilização de dados desportivos e ainda na interligação com as diferentes Federações Equestres para obtenção dos resultados desportivos de cavalos Lusitanos espalhados pelo mundo; À Sra. Filipa Rebello de Andrade por toda a disponibilidade e auxílio na FEP com assuntos relacionados com a compilação e informatização dos resultados desportivos dos cavalos Lusitanos; À Sra. Liliana Costa da FEP pelo auxílio e envio da base de dados de identificação de todos os cavalos lusitanos federados e em desporto para identificação; À Professora Doutora Maria do Mar Oom pela amizade, disponibilidade e sugestões ao longo do trabalho; Ao Dr. Mário Barbosa pela amizade, disponibilidade e apoio à realização deste estudo de doutoramento; Ao Dr. Vitor Grácio, médico veterinário das Coudelarias Nacional e de Alter Real, pela amizade, companheirismo e ajuda neste trabalho; Ao Eng. Francisco Beja Duarte, pela amizade e pela ajuda em todos os aspectos referentes à FAR; À Dra. Sofia Ferreira, responsável pelo Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Alter do Chão, pela colaboração e disponibilização dos resultados de tipificação molecular em cavalos Lusitanos; Ao Eng. Carlos Ferreira por todo o apoio referente ao RNE, à FAR e aos dados moleculares de cavalos Lusitanos; Ao Eng. Vitor Barros, ex-presidente da FAR, por todo o apoio e pela possibilidade em se celebrar um protocolo de colaboração entre a FAR e a FMV que permitiu a disponibilização de dados do RNE e LGM para este estudo; À Dra. Idalina Trindade, ex-directora da FAR, por todo o apoio, incentivo e colaboração neste estudo de doutoramento; Doctoral Thesis in Veterinary Science António Pedro Andrade Vicente Characterization and selection of the Lusitano horse breed Acknowledgements/Agradecimentos À Engª. Inês Carolino, pela sua amizade, pelos incentivos constantes, boa disposição, dinâmica, com um pedido de desculpas por todo o tempo que “roubei” de convivência com o seu querido marido; À Dra. Conceição Oliveira e Sousa, por toda a sua boa disposição, ânimo e incentivo; Aos Engs. Fátima e José Santos-Silva pela amizade e companheirismo durante a realização deste trabalho; Aos colegas de doutoramento em geral, pelo companheirismo, amizade e apoio constante nas diferentes etapas deste trabalho; A todos os revisores científicos anónimos dos trabalhos publicados e/ou submetidos pelos pertinentes comentários e sugestões ao longo deste estudo; À minha querida, estimada e saudosa, Dra. Virgínia Mira Crespo, por me ter iniciado “nesta lides” de apresentações de trabalhos e estudos conducentes à atribuição de um grau académico, pelo rigor, profissionalismo, amizade e boa disposição em tudo o que colocava nas nossas vidas! Saudades e bem-haja por se ter cruzado no meu caminho! À ESAS, na pessoa dos seus directores, Professor Doutor António Azevedo e Professor Coordenador José Potes, por me ter acolhido, primeiro como estudante, agora como docente, e ser para mim a “Melhor escola do Mundo”! “Ao alto, ao alto Charruas!” Aos meus colegas da ESAS, em particular à minha “chefe”, Dra. Paula Azevedo, pelo companheirismo, amizade e suporte e por tudo o que fez a mais na escola para que eu pudesse concluir este trabalho em tempo útil. “The last but not the least”, à minha família, em particular à minha mãe Cremilde por ser a grande mulher que é e pelo apoio constante ao longo da minha vida, aos meus irmãos João e Zé por todo o apoio e amizade e à minha cara-metade Maria, pelos filhos maravilhosos que me deu e pelo incondicional suporte em todos os momentos da minha vida e a toda a hora, no passado, presente e para o resto dos nossos dias. Doctoral Thesis in Veterinary Science António Pedro Andrade Vicente Characterization and selection of the Lusitano horse breed Funding/Grant This work was partially funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) and Instituto Politécnico de Santarém (IPS) through “Programa de apoio à formação avançada de docentes do Ensino Superior Politécnico” by the grant SFRH/PROTEC/67472/2010 Doctoral Thesis in Veterinary Science António Pedro Andrade Vicente Characterization and selection of the Lusitano horse breed Resumo RESUMO Um estudo aprofundado de caracterização genética e estratégias de seleção na raça equina Lusitana foi realizado para identificar os principais fatores que afetam a variabilidade genética desta população e fornecer informações para o delineamento de um programa de melhoramento genético sustentável. Foi analisada a informação genealógica registada entre 1824-2009, incluindo 53417 animais. O intervalo de gerações médio foi de 11.33±5.23 e 9.71±4.48 anos para garanhões e éguas, respetivamente. Os animais nascidos entre 2005 e 2009 tiveram um número médio de gerações conhecidas de 11.20±0.71 e consanguinidade média de 11.34±7.48%. O aumento anual da consanguinidade foi de 0.173±0.070, a que corresponde um tamanho efetivo
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