Horse Breeds - Volume 3 A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton Contents Articles Latvian horse 1 Lipizzan 3 Lithuanian Heavy Draught 11 Lokai 12 Losino horse 13 Lusitano 14 Malopolski 19 Mallorquín 21 Mangalarga 23 Mangalarga Marchador 24 Maremmano 28 Marismeño 30 Marwari horse 31 Mecklenburger 35 Međimurje horse 39 Menorquín horse 41 Mérens horse 43 Messara horse 51 Miniature horse 52 Misaki horse 57 Missouri Fox Trotter 59 Monchino 62 Mongolian horse 63 Monterufolino 65 Morab 66 Morgan horse 70 Moyle horse 76 Murakoz horse 77 Murgese 78 Mustang horse 80 Namib Desert Horse 86 Nangchen horse 91 National Show Horse 92 Nez Perce Horse 94 Nivernais horse 96 Nokota horse 97 Nonius horse 101 Nordlandshest/Lyngshest 104 Noriker horse 106 Norman Cob 109 Coldblood trotter 114 North Swedish Horse 116 Novokirghiz 118 Oberlander horse 119 Oldenburg horse 120 Orlov Trotter 125 Ostfriesen and Alt-Oldenburger 129 Pampa horse 134 Paso Fino 135 Pentro horse 140 Percheron 141 Persano horse 148 Peruvian Paso 149 Pintabian 154 Pleven horse 156 Poitevin horse 157 Posavac horse 164 Pryor Mountain Mustang 166 Przewalski's horse 175 Purosangue Orientale 183 Qatgani 185 Quarab 186 Racking horse 188 Retuerta horse 189 Rhenish-German Cold-Blood 190 Rhinelander horse 191 Riwoche horse 192 Rocky Mountain Horse 195 Romanian Sporthorse 197 Russian Don 199 Russian Heavy Draft 201 Russian Trotter 203 References Article Sources and Contributors 204 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 208 Article Licenses License 212 Latvian horse 1 Latvian horse Latvian Alternative names Latvian Harness Horse Latvian Carriage Latvian Coach Latvian Draft Latvian Riding Horse Country of origin Latvia Horse (Equus ferus caballus) The Latvian horse comes from Latvia and is split into three types: the common harness horse, a lighter riding horse and a heavier draft type. They are probably from pre-historic bloodlines, and have been in development since the 17th century. Breed Description Types There are three basic types of Latvian horse: the heavy draft horse, which is the closest to the original type, and a horse of great strength and pulling power; second, the Latvian harness horse, which is particularly suited to light draft work, but also makes a suitable riding horse; and last, the most modern type: the Latvian riding horse which has developed through the addition of English Thoroughbred, Oldenburg and Hanoverian blood, and is a much finer, lighter type of riding horse. The riding horse type is becoming the most popular and the old heavy draft Latvian harness horse type is now rarely seen. However, the modern riding type is still able to perform well in harness, although it is not of draft strength. The Latvian as a breed is particularly versatile and the modern riding horse type has become extremely successful in the competition world of dressage and show jumping. Latvian horse 2 Breed Characteristics Typically, the Lativan horses are bay, black or chestnut, gray or brown (a variant of bay), and stand between 15.1 and 16 hands high. In appearance, the Latvians tend to have a large head with a straight profile, a neck that is long and muscular and set into prominent withers. The shoulders are long and sloping and the chest high and deep. The back is straight, with a long, slightly sloping croup, and the legs are solid and well-muscled with strong joints, although rather short. Conformational problems that may be seen are cow hocks and a predisposition to ringbone. In general they have a good musculature and good stamina and endurance. History The Latvian breed has only been established since 1952, but is believed to have descended from ancient roots. It is likely that the Latvian was closely related to the Dole Gudbrandsdal, the North Swedish Horse and other heavy European draft breeds, originally dating back to the prehistoric horses of Northern Europe. Since the 17th century, the breed has had German riding horse, Thoroughbred and Arabian blood introduced. The core of the current breed came from infusions of Oldenburg, Hanoverian and Holstein blood in the early 20th century. From 1921 to 1940, 65 Oldenburg stallions and 42 Oldenburg mares were imported from the Netherlands and Germany as foundation stock. There were then crosses made using Hanoverian, Norfolk Roadster, Oldenburg part-bred, East Friesian and Ardennes horses. The Okte stud in the Talsa region played a critical role in breed formation, and today the main breeding herds are at the Burnieke state farm, the Uzvere and Tervete collective farms, and the Institute of Animal Breeding's Sigulda experimental farm. References Lipizzan 3 Lipizzan Lipizzan A modern Lipizzan Distinguishing features Compact, muscular, generally associated with the Spanish Riding School Alternative names Lipizzaner, Karster [1] Country of origin Developed by the House of Habsburg from Arab, Barb, Spanish and Neapolitan stock. Today associated with nations of Austria, Hungary, Slovenia and Croatia. Breed standards [2] Verband der Lipizzanerzüchter in Breed standards Österreich [3] Lipica Stud, Slovenia Breed standards [4] Ministero delle Politiche Agricole e Breed standards Forestali, Italy [5] Lipizzaner Society of Great Britain Breed standards [6] Lipizzan International Federation Breed standards [7] Lipizzan Association of North America Breed standards Horse (Equus ferus caballus) The Lipizzan or Lipizzaner (Hungarian: Lipicai, Slovene: Lipicanec, Italian: Lipizzano, Croatian: Lipicanac, Czech: Lipicán), is a breed of horse closely associated with the Spanish Riding School of Vienna, Austria, where they demonstrate the haute école or "high school" movements of classical dressage, including the highly controlled, stylized jumps and other movements known as the "airs above the ground." The Lipizzan breed dates back to the 16th century, when it was developed with the support of the Habsburg nobility. The breed takes its name from one of the earliest stud farms established, located near the Karst Plateau village of Lipica (spelled "Lipizza" in Italian), in modern-day Slovenia. The name of the village itself derives from the Slovenian word lipa, meaning "linden tree."[8] Lipizzan 4 History The ancestors of the Lipizzan can be traced to approximately A.D. 800. The earliest predecessors of the Lipizzan originated in the 7th century when Barb horses were brought into Spain by the Moors and crossed on native Spanish stock. The result was the Andalusian horse and other Iberian horse breeds.[9] By the 16th century, when the Habsburgs ruled both Spain and Austria, a powerful but agile horse was desired both for military uses and for use in the fashionable and rapidly growing riding schools for the nobility of central Europe. Therefore, in 1562, the Habsburg Emperor Lipica stud farm, Slovenia Maximillian II brought the Spanish Andalusian horse to Austria and founded the court stud at Kladrub. In 1580, his brother, Archduke Charles II, established a similar stud at Lipizza (now Lipica), located in modern-day Slovenia, from which the breed obtained its name. Spanish, Barb, and Arabian stock were crossed at Lipizza, and succeeding generations were crossed with the now-extinct Neapolitan breed from Italy and other Baroque horses of Spanish descent obtained from Germany and Denmark. While breeding stock was exchanged between the two studs, Kladrub specialized in producing heavy carriage horses, while riding and light carriage horses came from the Lipizza stud. Beginning in 1920, the Piber Federal Stud, near Graz, Austria, became the main stud for the horses used in Vienna. Breeding became very selective, only allowing stallions that had proved themselves at the Riding School to stand at stud, and only breeding mares who had passed rigorous performance testing. Foundation horses Today, a maximum of eight foundation lines for Lipizzans are recognized by various registries, which refer to them as "dynasties." They are divided into two groups. Six trace to classical foundation stallions used in the 18th and 19th centuries by the Lipizza stud, and two additional lines were not used at Lipizza but were used by other studs within the historic boundaries of the Habsburg Empire. The six "classical dynasties" are: • Pluto: a gray Spanish stallion from the Royal Danish Stud, foaled in 1765 • Conversano: a black Neapolitan stallion, foaled in 1767 • Maestoso: a gray stallion from the Kladrub stud with a Spanish dam, foaled 1773, descendants today all trace via Maestoso X, foaled in Hungary in 1819. •• Favory: a dun stallion from the Kladrub stud, foaled in 1779 •• Neapolitano: a bay Neapolitan stallion from the Polesine, foaled in 1790 • Siglavy: a gray Arabian stallion, originally from Syria, foaled in 1810 There are two additional stallion lines found in Croatia, Hungary, and other eastern European countries as well as in North America. They are accepted as equal to the 6 classical lines by Lipizzan International Federation (LIF). These are: • Tulipan: A black stallion of Baroque type and Spanish pedigree foaled about 1800 from the Croatian stud farm of Terezovac, owned by Count Janković-Bésán. • Incitato: A stallion of Spanish lines foaled 1802, bred in Transylvania by Count Bethlen, and sold to the Hungarian stud farm Mezőhegyes. There are several other stallion lines that have died out over the years, but were used in the early breeding of the horses.[10] In addition to the foundation stallion lines, there were 20 "classic" mare lines, fourteen of which exist today.[11] However, there are up to 35 mare lines recognized by various Lipizzan organizations. Lipizzan 5 There are traditional naming patterns for both stallions and mares, required by Lipizzan breed registries. Stallions traditionally are given two names, with the first being the line of the sire and the second being the name of the dam. For example, "Maestoso Austria" is a horse sired by Maestoso Trompeta out of a mare named Austria. The horse's sire line tracing to the foundation sire Maestoso. The names of mares are taken from the maternal line in the pedigree.