Sport Horse Breeding

Sport horse breeding Árpád Bokor Created by XMLmind XSL-FO Converter. Sport horse breeding Árpád Bokor Created by XMLmind XSL-FO Converter. Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................................... iv ............................................................................................................................................................ v ........................................................................................................................................................... vi .......................................................................................................................................................... vii 1. Equine sports and their history ....................................................................................................... 1 2. Sport horse breeds of Germany ...................................................................................................... 3 3. Western European sport horse breeds I. ......................................................................................... 5 4. Western European sport horse breeds II. ........................................................................................ 7 5. Sport horse breeds outside of the continental Europe ..................................................................... 8 6. Sport horse breeds of Hungary I. .................................................................................................... 9 7. Sport horse breeds of Hungary II. ................................................................................................. 10 8. Measurements of performance of sport horses ............................................................................. 12 1. Performance testing at station and in field tests .................................................................. 12 2. Performance testing in competitions ................................................................................... 12 9. Heritability of performance traits ................................................................................................. 13 1. Performance testing at station and in field tests .................................................................. 13 2. Performance testing in competitions ................................................................................... 13 10. Genetic relationships between performance traits ...................................................................... 16 11. Conformation and motion in sport horse breeding ..................................................................... 18 12. Heritability of conformation traits ............................................................................................. 19 1. Conformation traits ............................................................................................................. 19 2. Scored traits ......................................................................................................................... 19 3. Measured traits .................................................................................................................... 22 4. Conformation related to performance ................................................................................. 24 A. Appendix 1 .................................................................................................................................. 28 B. Appendix 2 ................................................................................................................................... 35 C. Appendix 3 ................................................................................................................................... 37 D. Appendix 4 .................................................................................................................................. 39 E. Appendix 5 ................................................................................................................................... 41 F. Appendix 6 ................................................................................................................................... 43 G. Appendix 7 .................................................................................................................................. 45 iii Created by XMLmind XSL-FO Converter. Sport horse breeding Lecture notes for students of MSc courses of Nutrition and Feed Safety and Animal Science All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, used or transmitted in any form or by any means – graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval systems - without the written permission of the author. iv Created by XMLmind XSL-FO Converter. Sport horse breeding Author: Bokor, Árpád PhD, association professor (Kaposvár University) Supervisor: Posta, János PhD, assistant lecturer (University of Debrecen) © Kaposvár University, 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, used or transmitted in any form or by any means – graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval systems - without the written permission of the author. v Created by XMLmind XSL-FO Converter. Manuscript enclosed: 3 October 2011 Responsible for content: TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0059 project consortium All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, used or transmitted in any form or by any means – graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval systems - without the written permission of the author. vi Created by XMLmind XSL-FO Converter. Responsible for digitalization: Agricultural and Food Science Non-profit Ltd. of Kaposvár University All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, used or transmitted in any form or by any means – graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval systems - without the written permission of the author. vii Created by XMLmind XSL-FO Converter. Chapter 1. Equine sports and their history Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch. They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving, and rodeo. Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines. Horses (and other equids such as mules and donkeys) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking. There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches, and public stables offer both guided and independent riding. Horses are also used for therapeutic purposes, both in specialized para-equestrian competition as well as non-competitive riding to improve human health and emotional development. Horses are also driven in harness racing, at horse shows and in other types of exhibition, historical re-enactment or ceremony, often pulling carriages. In some parts of the world, they are still used for practical purposes such as farming. Horses continue to be used in public service: in traditional ceremonies (parades, funerals), police and volunteer mounted patrols, and for mounted search and rescue. Equestrian events were first included in the modern Olympic Games in 1900. By 1912, all three Olympic disciplines still seen today were part of the games. There are ten international disciplines run under rules established by the ―Fédération Équestre Internationale‖ (FEI) which are detailed below. The first three of them are a part of the equestrian events at the Olympics: Dressage (Image 1) involves the progressive training of the horse to a high level of impulsion, collection, and obedience. Competitive dressage has the goal of showing the horse carrying out, on request, the natural movements that it performs without thinking while running loose. One dressage master has defined it as ―returning the freedom of the horse while carrying the rider‖. Show jumping (Image 2) comprises a timed event judged on the ability of the horse and rider to jump over a series of obstacles, in a given order and with the fewest refusals or knockdowns of portions of the obstacles. Show jumping, also known as ―stadium jumping‖, ―open jumping‖, or ―jumpers‖, is a member of a family of English riding equestrian events that also includes dressage, eventing, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics. Shows are sometimes limited exclusively to jumpers, jumping classes are offered in conjunction with other English-style events and show jumping is sometimes one division in very large, all-breed competitions that include a very wide variety of disciplines. Jumping classes may be governed by various national horse show sanctioning organizations, such as the United States Equestrian Federation in the USA. International competitions are governed by the rules of the FEI. Eventing (Image 3), also called combined training, horse trials, the three-day event, the Military, or the complete test, puts together the obedience of dressage with the athletic

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