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Horses of Eastern Europe and Russia the Following Breeds Span a Large Territory, Starting in Eastern Europe and Ending at the Edges of Siberia

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Horses of Eastern Europe and Russia the Following Breeds Span a Large Territory, Starting in Eastern Europe and Ending at the Edges of Siberia © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. For general queries, contact [email protected] Rousseau_HOTW 4.indd 208 12/16/16 18:44 © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. Horses of Eastern Europe and Russia The following breeds span a large territory, starting in Eastern Europe and ending at the edges of Siberia. This includes the former USSR, which is important due to the exchanges that took place for decades among these various countries. These regions of the world, like Southern Europe, have an extraordinary diversity of horse breeds, which are still little known outside their borders. Russia, in particular, is a rich equestrian land, and although more curious riders may have heard of the best-known breeds (like the Orlov and the Don), these horses are still not bred elsewhere in the world. These breeds do, however, have quite interesting specific characteristics, notably their ability to endure very cold temperatures. Russia Estonia Lithuania Latvia Czech Republic Poland Belarus Ukraine Slovakia Hungary Moldova Romania Bulgaria Georgia Belarus Kisber Halfbred) Bulgarian Sport Horse) Russian Saddle Horse, Estonia Polesian Horse (also Leutstettener Pleven Russian Riding Horse) Estonian Native (also Polesskaya Local Furioso Moldova Russian Heavy Draft Estonian Native Horse, Horse) Hungarian Sport Horse Local Moldovan (also Russian Draft) Klepper Native) Byelorussian Harness (also Hungarian Ukraine Vladimir Soviet Heavy Draft Toric (also Tori) Horse (also White Warmblood, Ukrainian Riding Horse Tuva Estonian Heavy Draught Russian Carriage Mezőhegyes Sport (also Ukrainian Saddle Dagestan Pony (also Estonian Draft, Horse) Horse, Halfbred of Horse) Priob Esto-Arden) Czech Republic Mezőhegyes) Novoalexandrovsk Cart Hungarian Coldblood Buryat Latvia Kinsky Horse Horse Kladruby (also Old (also Hungarian Draft Pechora Latvian Horse) Georgia Narym Kladruby Horse) Megruli Horse (also Lithuania Murakoz (also Mura Minusin Czech Warmblood Megrel, Mingrelian) Žemaitukas (also Horse) Kalmyk Bohemian-Moravian Tushin (also Tushuri Zhemaichu, Little Belgian Horse (also Romania Chernomor (also Black Horse, Tusheti Horse, Sea Horse) Samogitian) Bohemian-Moravian Danube Delta Horse Tushetian) Chumysh Horse Large Žemaitukai (also Belgik, Czech- (also Letea Forest Javakheti Harness Horse Tavda Žemaitukai [Modern Moravian Belgik, Horse) Russia Megezh Type], Large-Type Czech Coldblood) Romanian Pony Altai Upper Yenisei Horse Žemaitukai) Czechoslovakian Small Romanian Trotter Transbaikal Mezen Lithuanian Heavy Draft Riding Pony (also Romanian Saddle Horse Yakutian New Altai Czech Riding Pony) (also Romanian Sport Poland Bashkir Kuznetsk Silesian Noriker Horse, Romanian Konik (also Polish Konik) Tersk Voronezh Coach Horse Hucul (also Carpathian Slovakia Warmblood) Vyatka (also Voronezh Draft) Pony) Slovak Sport Pony Bucovina Horse Kabarda Malopolski Slovak Warmblood Romanian Draft Horse Anglo-Kabarda Silesian Hungary (also Romanian Don (also Russian Don) Wielkopolski Nonius Traction Horse) Russian Trotter Polish Draft Shagya Arabian Bulgaria Orlov Trotter Panje Gidran Danubian Budyonny Polish Coldblood Kisber Felver (also East Bulgarian (also Orlov-Rostopchin (also Opposite: Csikós rider in traditionalFor costume general queries,and a contact [email protected] Nonius horse, Hungary. HORSES OF EASTERN EUROPE AND RUSSIA 209 Rousseau_HOTW 4.indd 209 12/16/16 18:44 © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of229,000 the publisher. in 1927 to fewer than 5,500 today. As Estonia elsewhere in the world, mechanization has played a role in this drop, but it isn’t due to that alone. Estonia The number of horses in Estonia fell dramatically has, in fact, undergone a true agricultural crisis, as during the twentieth century, going from more than the forest expanded throughout the entire Soviet era, ESTONIA Estonian Native Young Estonian Native horse at work. Also called: Estonian Native Horse, Klepper Native Estonian: eesti hobune H 1.35 m–1.55 m; on average, 1.44 m–1.45 m for males, 1.42 m–1.45 m for mares. C Mainly bay, black, chestnut, gray, but also black/brown grayish dun, bay dun, buckskin. They often have a dorsal stripe. Description: The Estonian Native has a rather small head with a wide forehead and a generally straight profi le; short, muscular, thick neck; broad chest; Character and attributes: The Estonian Native has unobtrusive withers; short, wide back; very round a pleasant temperament and is lively and energetic, croup; short legs; and hard hooves. The hair of the while remaining calm and focused. It is a robust horse mane and tail is thick and abundant. with good endurance, endowed with good health and Distribution: Estonia, notably on the islands long life. It is easygoing, well adapted to the Estonian (Saaremaa) and the west coast; a few in Sweden. climate, and easy to keep. Origins and history: This ancient breed, the issue of Uses: It is suitable for riding, notably for equestrian local horses, has escaped much crossing, although it tourism, for draft work, and in harness. This horse is perhaps received some Arabian blood in the past, but good for both young and adult riders. in an insignifi cant quantity. The studbook has existed Current status: The breed is considered endangered, since 1921. The breed has itself infl uenced other with currently approximately 390 broodmares and breeds in this region, notably the Toric. 1,000 males. ESTONIA Natives and Hackneys, to which were added some Breton Draft, which made the breed more compact, and then more recently some Hanoverian to increase Toric its speed even more. The goal is to have a good horse Also called: Tori for transportation and farm work. Character and attributes: The Toric is a docile, yet Estonian: tori hobune lively and powerful horse with dynamic gaits. It is H 1.58 m–1.66 m; 1.62 m for males, 1.59 m for mares. reputed to learn easily and to be easy to break. It has C Often chestnut, dark chestnut, sometimes bay, dark bay, endurance and is well adapted to the local climate; it is black, rarely palomino. fertile, with rather good health and longevity. Uses: This horse, fi rst intended for use in harness, can Description: This horse, of light draft type and with also be used for riding, notably for recreation and a vigorous constitution, has a head with a wide equestrian tourism. forehead; strong neck of average length; broad chest; Current status: This native breed is very rare and long, wide back; muscular croup; well developed, endangered, with only around 200 purebred horses sloping, short legs; and wide hooves. The hair of the remaining. mane and tail is thick. Distribution: Estonia, Ukraine. Origins and history: The breed has been bred since 1862. It is the result of crossings among Estonian For general queries, contact [email protected] 210 Rousseau_HOTW 4.indd 210 12/16/16 18:44 © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical and it is now one of themeans European without countries prior written with permission the ofthey the publisher. are being actively preserved. Estonia also has a fewest horses per inhabitant. Nevertheless, although population of trotters. Given the global development small, the horse population in Estonia is growing, due of equestrian sports, the situation in Estonia should to an increase in recreational riding. The three native certainly improve in the years to come. horse breeds are, however, endangered, even though Short, muscular, wide neck Wide forehead Round, muscular croup ESTONIAN NATIVE ESTONIAN Short, solid legs Strong neck TORIC Short legs For general queries, contact [email protected] HORSES OF EASTERN EUROPE AND RUSSIA 211 Rousseau_HOTW 4.indd 211 12/16/16 18:44.
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