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The Psychedelic Review THE PSYCHEDELIC REVIEW V°l. I 1964 No. 4 Contents EDITORIAL ...................................................................... 372 PUBLISHIgR*S STATEMENT ................................................... 378 PSYCHEDELICSANDTHELAW: A Prelude in Question Marks Roy C. Bates 379 T_m R_OULA_On OF PSYCH_.D_-LmDavos...Robert H. Barrigar 394 LSD ANOPSVCHOTHEaXPY:A Bibliography of the English- Language Literature...San/ord M. Unger 442 Tm_ TR_,TMEnT OF FmomlTv WITHLSD ASO RITALm Thomas M. Ling & John Buckman 450 J j. SHOUTEDFRoM _. HOUSRTOPS: A Peyote Awakening ]oyce ]ames 459 No'ms on CONTRIBUTORS .................................................. _'49 BooKs R_CEiv_o ............................................................ 483 Book REvmws ............................................................... 484 COSTeNTS OF VOL. I, 1963-64 ................................... .......... 497 A limited number of Vol. I, Nos. 1, 2, and 3 are still available at $2 each. Write directly to Box 223, Cambridge, Mass. 02138. Back Issues of The Psychedelic Review 371 Editorial EDITORIAL major news media, ,,,.,,(2) an(,)i,,nc,,,,,reasedmougovernmo e,ntal, control of thi,,e distri- bution of psychedelic drugs, (3) an increased underground (illicit and During the past nine months several complex developments have semi-illicit) distribution of psychedelic drugs, and (4) the discovery of taken place in the socio-political field surrounding psychedelic drug more and more plants and substances having psychedelic properties. research. Events of an extremely bizarre nature suggest an under- To take the last point first: in 1963 authorities and newspapers current of many-faceted activities. To illustrate the quality of the reported excitedly on heavy purchases of morning-glory seeds in [antastic, we mention two episodes: major cities; The Psychedelic Review reported that certain species / (1) The August 1963 mSue of Escapade magazine, devoted contained LSD-derivatives; and Senator Vance Hartke, Indiana primarily to sexually provocative photographs, urged readers to put Democrat, urged a committee to investigate the possibility of con- page 15 in four ounces of methyl alcohol and to drink the result, in trolling sale of the seeds, since they contained LSD, which he termed order to get the hallucinogenic effect of an additive used in the print- "a dangerous and violent poison". In 1964 anecdotal evidence is ing ink. When the FDA pointed out that drinking wood alcohol could brought forward by California enthusiasts that Scotch Broom (Cytisus lead to death or blindness, the publishers of the magazine declared the Scoparius), a small yellow flower which the State of California High- idea a joke. way Department grows along the borders of parkways for decora- (2) In February 1964 the San Francisco News Call-Bulletin re- five purposes, yields, when dried and smoked, a cannabis-like (maxi- ported that "an unpublished, critical report on organized LSD giving- huana) effect. and-_king groups in California has been stolen from the Stanford One may predict that the next lew decades will witness an Institute for the Study of Human Problems and sent to this news- astonishing number off discoveries or rediscoveries o] mind-changing paper, together with an anonymous letter attacking the authors." plants and chemicals. It will be impracticable to try to suppress these, The stolen book was duplicated and sent to the President of Stanford one after another. Some new policy will have to be adopted. Mean- University, the Palo Alto police, the U.S. Food and Drug Admini- while chemists and pharmacologists are continually adding to the list stration, and Playboy magazine, of synthetic psychedelics. The Sandoz Company has developed a One is reminded of aharles Williams' story Many Dimensions, series of tryptamines in which slight variations in the molecular struc- in which the miraculous properties of a stone from the East lead to ture vary the length of the psychedelic effect _ t hour, I hour, lj incredible machinations and wildly improbable situations, hours, 2 hours, etc., definitely increasing their usefulness in therapy. Admitting the complete impossibility of coming to an objective The publicity surrounding psychedelic drugs and researchers view of the field at the present time, the following remarks may help presents fascinating data for a case study in public opinion formation. _ to clarify our interpretations and enrich our stock of food for thought. We may assume initial total ignorance, a clean slate; then a brand There is no doubt that a psychedelic movement exists in the new topic is introduced and immediately fitted into the pre-estalr- United States at the present time which, in practice, probably means lished clich&- use vs. abuse, danger vs. potential, Heaven vs. Hell, no more than a considerable number of small groups of people intensely science vs. kicks and cults. As W. H. McGlothlin points out in an interested in _klng LSD or one of the other psychedelics for reasons excellent essay recently published by the RAND Corporation, _ "the which are primarily psychological, spiritual and esthetic. Obviously, reader is handed a neatly packaged assessment that in no way con- the persons involved in this movement are in favor of some liberaliza- fiicts with his personal or cultural preconceptions of the good and bad tion of the present situation regarding access to these drugs, role of drugs." Styles of presentation range from the sober, cautious The existence of this movement has several aspects which one assessment of Scientific American ("Do the constructive potentials of may regard as causes, effects or concomitants of the activities of the these substances outweigh their hazards?"), through the supercilious movement, depending on one's point of view. cynicism of Esquire ("Drugs in the Yard; and where, Mother, is your 372 373 THE PSYCHEDELIC REVIEW Editorial wandering son tonight?"), to the frankly salacious Confidential ("The psychedelics (presumably considering it unlucrative) but if the present hep set calls it Instant John Glenn but our swingin' chick calls it trend continues without any change in direction, i.e. increasing interest 'Let's Strip Down' "). There are many illuminating aspects to these and tighter control, it will be only a matter of time before it becomes stories which some future sociologist may analyze with profit--we worth their while. The present uneasy truce between LSD-users and ' point out two. law,enforcement agencies will then give way to a more agitated state (1) The strongest moral condemnation comes from magazines of affairs. Revised legislation is the most hopeful alternative and for whose main business is pornography and sadism; the same article may this a more enlightened and informed public opinion is necessary. present graphically detailed fictitious descriptions of LSD-"orgies' The extent of paralegal use of psychedelics is of course unknown together with outraged disapproval and macabre warnings. (2) The and hard to estimate, but one may guess that between 50 and 100 most appreciative and positive articles, in which the liberative promise thousand people have by now taken one or the other of these agents of psychedelics is most strongly endorsed, appeared in magazines such at least once. This does not include the 250,000 peyote-using as Playboy and Cavalier, magazines with an established trend towards Indians. The number of people using psychedelics repeatedly is of a liberalization of our attitudes about pleasure. These facts lend sup- course very much smaller, probably not exceeding one thousand. For port to McGlothlin's statement that "the idea that drugs may produce the sake of perspective, one may compare these figures with compar- pleasure without compensatory harm is not consistent with our purl- able estimates for the use of cannabis. Although these are nothing more tanical ethics.'*" than informed guesses, .they range from 3 to 10 million having taken Increased governmental control was initiated in June 1963, when it at least once; while around 1 million are estimated to be using it the FDA implemented new and stringent regulations governing the fairly regularly. The comparable figures for alcohol are 90% of the distribution of "new" (that is, experimental) drugs. (See the articles by population having tried it at least once, and 60 to 70 million using it Bates, Barrigar and Linger in this issue.) Since the psychedelic drugs regularly. can now be obtained only by psychiatric investigators operating with Legal research with psychedelics now being carried out in the state or federal support, many psychiatrists previously using LSD in United States may be divided into three categories: (1) pharma- private practice have been unable to continue doing so. Psychedelic coiogical- work with animals and tissue preparations on biochemical research on human subjects has virtually come to a standstill in the and physiological aspects, and a very small amount of work on United States. (It is increasing rapidly in England and Europe.) behavioral aspects, again primarily with animals; (2) therapeutic -- as As a natural and inevitable consequence of the stricter legal con- Unger points out in the present issue, only two installations, Menlo trol there appears to be increased underground distribution and Park and Spring Grove, have been doing psychotherapeutic work with paralegal experimentation. In May of this year a California court LSD in this country (Canada has several LSD treatment centers for convicted Bernard Roseman
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