Kraftprobe in Tirana? Ninismus“ Auf

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Kraftprobe in Tirana? Ninismus“ Auf Seite 296 Wissenschaftlicher Dienst Südosteuropa Heft 12 | grundsätzlichen Teilen gegenwärtiger albanischer Politik wählte Enver Hoxha eine „wissenschaftliche Sitzung“ am 17./18. November 1980 im Kulturpa­ Enver Hoxha und seine Widersacher last von Tirana. Deren Thema „Der sowjetische Revisionismus und der Kampf der PAA um seine Entlarvung“ mutet zwar historisch an, wirft aber dennoch die aktuelle Kardinalfrage nach dem ideo­ logischen Inhalt des albanischen „Marxismus-Le­ Kraftprobe in Tirana? ninismus“ auf. Veranstalter war das „Institut für Marxistisch-Leninistische Studien beim Zentralko­ mitee der PAA“, dessen Direktorin Nexhmije Hoxha, die Ehefrau des Ersten Sekretärs, ist. Teil­ Der nachfolgende Beitrag befaßt sich mit nehmer waren „die Leitungskader der Parteior­ einer „wissenschaftlichen“ Veranstaltung in gane, des Staates und der W irtschaft in den Krei­ Tirana. Sie war thematisch zwar dem „Kampf sen und im Zentrum sowie Studierende der Gesell­ gegen den sowjetischen Revisionismus“ ge­ schaftswissenschaften, Arbeiter aus der Produk­ widmet, jedoch zeigte die Diktion der Refe­ tion, der Kultur, der Kunst, den Streitkräften und rate an, daß es im Grunde um ideologisch­ andere“. („Zeri i popullit“, 18. 11. 1980.) Nicht anwe­ politische Divergenzen innerhalb der alba­ send waren Enver Hoxha und M ehmet Shehu, de­ nischen Parteiführung ging. Es handelt sich ren Ehefrauen (beide sind ZK-Mitglieder) im Präsi­ offenbar um ein „wissenschaftliches“ Vorge- dium Platz nahmen. Abgesehen von diesen beiden plänkel zwischen Enver Hoxha und seinen in­ Frauen nannte „Zeri i popullit“ von den insgesamt ternen Widersachern. Die eigentliche Kraft­ 23 Präsidiumsmitgliedern namentlich nur noch den probe wird voraussichtlich auf dem Partei­ als Chefideologen geltenden Ramiz Alia (Politbüro­ kongreß im November 1981 statt finden, wenn mitglied und ZK-Sekretär), Kadri Hazbiu (Polit­ Hoxha nicht schon vorher zum Gegenschlag büromitglied, seit 1954 Innenminister und seit 1979 ausholt. zusätzlich Verteidigungsminister), Hekuran Isai (Politbüromitglied und ZK-Sekretär), Simon Ste- fani (Politbüro-Kandidat), Quirjako Mihali (Polit­ Die Divergenzen innerhalb der albanischen Füh­ büro-Kandidat und Stellvertretender Ministerprä­ rung treiben offenbar einem Höhepunkt entge­ sident), Vito Kapo (ZK-Mitglied, Vorsitzende des gen. M onatelang hat es der Erste Sekretär der Par­ Frauenverbandes und W itwe Hysni Kapos), Foto tei der Arbeit Albaniens (PAA), Enver Hoxha, hin­ Qami (ZK-Mitglied) sowie Gaqo Nasho (Erster Par­ genommen, daß Innen- und Außenpolitik praktisch teisekretär in Tirana). „an ihm vorbei“ betrieben wurden. Albaniens Hin­ Die Eröffnungsansprache hielt Ndregi Plasari, wendung zum „geachteten religiösen Führer der Stellvertretender Direktor des veranstaltenden In­ Islamischen Revolution im Iran, Ayatollah Kho­ stituts und langjähriger Leiter der Abteilung meini“ und die beträchtlich verbesserten Beziehun­ Außenpolitik im Zentralkomitee. Danach sprach gen zu den jugoslawischen Revisionisten“ sind nur Professor Agim Popa über das Thema „Der 20. besonders spektakuläre Kennzeichen dafür, daß Kongreß der KPdSU und die Evolution des moder­ jüngere Kräfte in Tirana offenbar den Ansatz zu nen Revisionismus“. Es folgte Vangjel Moisiu mit einer neuen Politik gewagt haben. dem Vortrag „Der Kampf der PAA gegen die Ein­ Nun aber hat Enver Hoxha unüberhörbar deut­ mischung der Chruschtschow-Revisionisten in un­ lich gemacht, daß er immer noch auf der „Richtig­ sere Partei und unser Land“. Am Nachmittag des keit“ aller seiner bisherigen Standpunkte beharrt. ersten Sitzungstages sprachen der Doktorand Omer Noch bleibt sein Gegenschlag auf den rein verbalen Hashorva über die sowjetischen Wirtschaftsreformen Bereich beschränkt. Ob über kurz oder lang den nach Stalins Tod und Professor Arben Puto über W orten Taten folgen werden, läßt sich aus den Pu­ „Der sozialimperialistische Charakter der Außen­ blikationen noch nicht ablesen. Viel Zeit aber bleibt politik der heutigen Sowjetunion“. Am zweiten Sit­ Hoxha nicht mehr: in weniger als einem Jahr, im zungstag hielten insgesamt 33 Redner Kurzreferate. November 1981, muß der nächste ordentliche Par­ Unter ihnen fand sich nur selten der Name eines teikongreß abgehalten werden. Spätestens bis zu Prominenten, die M ehrzahl dürften Studenten, diesem Zeitpunkt muß entschieden werden, ob in junge Wissenschaftler und junge Künstler gewesen den nächsten fünf Jahren der alte oder ein neuer sein. Zu den Ausnahmen zählten die Literaturtheo­ Kurs die Richtung der albanischen Politik bestim­ retiker Dalan Shapllo und der Schriftsteller Ismail men soll. Insbesondere aber ist dieser Kongreß für Kadare (dessen W erke in mehr als zwanzig Spra­ die Parteiführung die letzte Möglichkeit, den seit chen übersetzt sind). Angesichts der von Kadare in dem Tod Hysni Kapos (23. 9. 1979) vakanten Sitz im seinem künstlerischen W erk vertretenen Ideen muß Politbüro neu zu besetzen. Sollte es hierüber bis bezweifelt werden, daß er sich zur Teilnahme an zum Kongreß nicht zu einer Einigung kommen, so dieser „wissenschaftlichen Sitzung“ zugunsten des könnten die bestehenden Divergenzen entweder zu Hoxha-Kurses gedrängt hat. (Vgl.: Bernhard Ton­ einer offenen Spaltung oder zur Handlungsunfähig­ nes, „Die Festung — ein bemerkenswerter Roman keit der Führungskader führen. aus Albanien“, in: „Osteuropa“, Nr. 10/1972, S. 748 ff.) Als Forum seiner „Gegendarstellungen“ zu W ie aus einer Formulierung bei der Berichterstat- Heft 12 Wissenschaftlicher Dienst Südosteuropa Seite 297 tu n g ü b e r K a d a r e s Kurzreferat e r k e n n b a r w ir d ; jugoslawischen u n d h e r n a c h g e g e n d e n C h r u - ( „ Z e r i i p o p u llit“ , 1 9 . 1 1 . 1 9 8 0 ) , b lie b d e r p o p u lä r e s c h ts c h o w ’ s c h e n “ , g e w e s e n s e i. W ie s c h o n v o r ih m Schriftsteller m it a n S ic h e r h e it g r e n z e n d e r W a h r ­ E n v e r H o x h a in s e in e r jü n g s te n Publikation „ D ie scheinlichkeit d e r Veranstaltung f e r n , s o d a ß e in Chruschtschowisten “ u n d w ie n a c h ih m m e h r e r e a n d e r e r s e in e Ausführungen v e r le s e n h a b e n d ü r f te . R e d n e r a u f d e r „wissenschaftlichen S itz u n g “ , h o b M öglicherweise s o llte d e r objektiv-wissenschaft- a u c h d e r A u to r d e s Leitartikels h e r v o r , d a ß d ie s e r lic h e C h a r a k te r d e r „Forschungsergebnisse “ d ie s e r K a m p f u m ideologische P r in z ip ie n d e m albanischen S itz u n g d a d u r c h unterstrichen w e r d e n , d a ß n ic h t V o lk g r o ß e O p f e r a b v e r la n g t h a b e , d a ß a b e r d ie s e d ie in Auseinandersetzungen u m d e n p o litis c h - O p f e r „ u n s e r e m k le in e n V a te rla n d d ie s o w e r t­ ideologischen K u r s p e r s ö n lic h verwickelten F ü h ­ v o lle F r e ih e it u n d Unabhängigkeit, s e in e e r f o lg ­ rungskader, s o n d e r n politisch-gesellschaftliche r e ic h e Entwicklung a u f d e m W e g z u m Sozialismus “ Nachwuchskräfte — g le ic h s a m e in e repräsentative g e b r a c h t h ä tte n . D e r Leitartikel g ip f e lte in d e r A u s w a h l d e r intellektuellen J u g e n d A lb a n ie n s — Feststellung: „ J e n e kommunistischen u n d A r b e i­ d e n K u r s H o x h a s a ls „ r ic h tig “ bestätigen. terparteien, d ie s ic h m it d e n Chruschtschow-Revi­ s io n is te n solidarisierten, h a b e n je d e s M e r k m a l e i­ H o x h a s „Erinnerungen" n e r w a h r h a f t revolutionären P a r te i d e s P r o le ta ­ r ia ts v e r lo r e n u n d s ic h in ty p is c h sozialdemokrati ­ s c h e P a r te ie n , in .W achhunde' d e r bürgerlichen Z u r Vorgeschichte d a r f n ic h t u n e r w ä h n t b le ib e n , H e r r s c h a f t verwandelt.“ d a ß E n v e r H o x h a w e n ig e W o c h e n v o r d e r S itz u n g E b e n s o apodiktisch w ie d e r A u to r d e s L e ita r ­ im Kulturpalast u n te r d e m T ite l „ D ie C h r u - schtschowisten “ s e in e — f r e ilic h s e h r subjektiven — tik e ls „ b e w ie s e n “ a u c h d ie R e f e r e n te n d e r „ w is ­ „Erinnerungen “ a n d ie Auseinandersetzung d e r senschaftlichen S itz u n g “ d ie a llz e itig e „ R ic h tig ­ k e it “ d e r b is h e r ig e n Hoxha-Linie.
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