COMRADE ENVER HOXHA GREETING THE DELEGATES TO THE 8th CONGRESS
The delegates to the 8th Congress of the Pl.A attentively follow its proceedings. This issue of the magazine «ALBANIA TODAY» is dedicated to the 8th Congress of the Party of Labour of Albania^ held from the ht to 7th of November 1981 in Tirana. It includes:
• The report «ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE PARTY OF LABOUR OF ALBANIA», submitted to the Congress by the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party of Labour of Albania, Comrade ENVER HOXHA
• The Closing Speech of the Congress by Com rade ENVER HOXHA
In the framework of the 40*** anniversary of the founding of the Party of Labour of Albania and its 8th Congress AND THE ALBANIAN PEC
In an atmosphere of revolutionary enthusiasm and of the unbreakable unity of the Albanian people around the PLA, its Central Committee with Comrade Enver Hoxha at the head, the 8th Congress of the Party of Labour of Albania held its proceedings from the 1st to the 7th of November 1981 in Tirana, the capital of the PSR of Albania. This Congress was a great historic event not only for the communists, but also for the entire Albanian people. The people of Tirana, where Comrade Enver Hoxha at the head of a handful of communists founded the Communist Party of Albania (today the PLA) 40 years ago, greeted the delegates to the Congress with love and joy, and a feeling of legitimate pride. A whole people, linked like flesh to bone with the PLA, were with their hearts and minds in the hall where the 8th Congress of the PLA held its proceedings. Eight hundred fourteen delegates who represent 122,600 communists participate in the Congress. Among the delegates there are communists of the first hour who on the eve of the 8th Congress and on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the founding of the PLA were honoured with the lofty decoration of the «40th Anniversary of the PLA», communists who are in the lead in the work of enterprises and fac• tories, of the major projects of the five-year plans, of agricultural cooperatives, institutions and military detachments all over the country. Among them there are builders of the «Steel of the Party» metallurgical combine, of the «Light of the Party» hydro-power station at Fierza, oil-workers, miners, geologists, cooperativists who have distinguished themselves in achieving high crop yields, armymen who have achieved high indices in political and military training, workers of science, art and culture, of state and economic organs, of mass organizations. Among them there are also young men and women, the newest members of the Party who come from the most difficult fronts of work and production, determined to re• main always loyal to the PLA and the Albanian people, to carry the relay baton of the revolution further ahead. Many delegations from the fraternal Marxist-Leninist parties also take part in the proceedings of the Congress on invitation of the CC of the PLA. Amid prolonged cheers the 8th Congress of the PLA was declared open by the Member of the Political Bureau and Secretary of the CC of the PLA, Comrade Ramiz Alia, who said: DEAR COMRADES, Today, the day of the opening of the 8th Con• ral crisis, living in the insecurity of the present gress of the Party, is a happy occasion for all, for and the fear of the future. all the Albanian communists and the entire Alba• Our Party comes to its 8th Congress proud of the nian people. accomplishment with honour of the tasks set by the Every Congress of our Party of Labour has been 7th Congress. It comes to its Congress stronger a landmark in the life of our country. Every one than ever, with a steel unity of its ranks, united of them has opened broad horizons to the all-round as one around the CC and our beloved leader. Com• socialist development of the country. rade Enver Hoxha. It comes to its Congress re• The 8th Congress will take a special place in solved to march always ahead under the banner the history of our Party as the Congress of the of Marxism-Leninism. rapid construction of socialism by relying com• Our Congress is holding its proceedings on the pletely on our forces and on the achievements of eve of the great jubilee of the 40th anniversary of science and technology. the founding of the Party. This is a happy and Its importance assumes special significance very significant coincidence which stands out as a due to the fact that this Congress will lay down symbol of the continuity of our present struggle higher objectives for the development of the eco• and its link with the entire revolutionary and mi• nomy and culture, and the increase of the well- litant road which was initiated on the 8th of No• being of the people, at a time when the world of vember 1941, when Comrade Enver Hoxha and the capital and revisionism continues to suffer the con• Albanian communists founded our glorious Party. sequences of a grave economic, political and mo• They are 40 years of struggle for the freedom and T UR OF ALBANIA PLE
independence of the country, for the construction of socialism, 40 years of struggle against internal 6. — The delegation of the Communist Party and external enemies, against imperialism and re• of Colombia (M-L), headed by the First Secretary visionism. of the Central Committee. Our people have been looking forward with 7. — The delegation of the Portuguese Com• great interest to our Congress, to the development munist Party (Reconstructed), headed by Comrade of its proceedings, in the confidence that with the Jose Alves, Political Secretary of the Central Com• decisions it will take it will open new perspectives mittee. to the progress of our socialist society. Allow me 8. — The delegation of the Marxist-Leninist to express, on your behalf, the confidence that the Communist Party of Equador, headed by Comrade delegates to this Congress with fully justify the Pasqual Prado, Secretary of the Central Committee. great trust which the Party and the people have 9. — The delegation of the Communist Party placed in them and will make all their contribution of Canada (M-L), headed by Comrade Hardial Bains, to ensure that the proceedmgs of our 8th Congress Chairman of the Party. will be carried out with complete success. 10. — The delegation of the Communist Party of Denmark (M-L), headed by Comrade Klaus Ris Comrades, Klausen, First Secretary of the Central Committee. With all the elected delegates being present, I 11. — The delegation of the Party of Labour of declare the 8th Congress of the Party of Labour of Iran, headed by Comrade Khalil, General Secretary Albania opened. of the Party. Comrades, 12. — The delegation of the Communist Work• Attending the Congress as guests there are ers' Party of France, headed by Comrade Chantal. communists of 1941, as well as other comrades 13. — The delegation of the Communist Party from the party organizations, from the organs of of Japan (Left), headed by Comrade Toshio Jasudo, the people's state power, from the mass organiza• Member of the Political Bureau and the Secretariat tions, from cultural and scientific institutions, from of the Party. the organs of the press, etc. 14. — The delegation of the Communist Party Many delegations of the sister Marxist-Le• of Togo, headed by Comrade Cocou Jules, First Se• ninist parties are attending our Congress on the cretary of the Party. invitation of the CC of the Party. We are honoured 15. — The delegation of the Communist Party by their participation and appreciate it as an ex• of New Zealand, headed by Comrade Jack Locke, pression of internationalist solidarity and friend• member of the CC of the Party. ship. Our Congress is attended by. 1. — The delegation of the Communist Party 16. — The delegation of the Communist Labour of Vietnam, headed by Comrade Song Hao, Secre• Party of the Domenican Republic, headed by Com• tary of the Central Committee. rade Rafael Chalub Mejia, General Secretary of the 2. — The delegation of the Communist Party Party. of Brazil, headed by Comrade Joao Amazonas, First 17. — The delegation of the Revolutionary Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party. Communist Party of India, headed by Comrade Lai 3. — The delegation of the Communist Party Sing, General Secretary of the Party. of Germany, headed by Comrade Ernst Aust, Chair• 18. — The delegation of the Revolutionary man of the Party. Communist Party of Britain (M-L), headed by Com• 4. — The delegation of the Communist Party rade David Williams, General Secretary of the Party. of Spain (M-L), headed by Comrade Raul Marco, 19. — The delegation of the Communist Party Member of the Secretariat of the Central Com• of Mexico (M-L), headed by Comrade Sergio Barlos, mittee. Member of the Central Executive Commission. 5. — The delegation of the Peruvian Com• munist Party (M-L), headed by Comrade Antonio 20. — The delegation of the Communist Party Fernandez, General Secretary of the Party. of Indonesia. 4 • 6 (61), 1981 ALBANIA TODAY
21. — The delegation of the Communist Party the 7th Congress to the present Congress. It re• of Dahomey. presents another document of historic, theoretical and 22. — The delegation of the Organization for practical importance for the PLA and the Albanian the Founding of the Communist Party of Sweden, people, sets a long-term program for the further headed by Comrade Nils Anderson, Member of the rapid construction of socialism, relying completely Secretariat of the Central Committee. on our own forces and the achievements of science 23. — The delegation of the -KProletarian Ac- and technology. At the same time, the report is tiony> Marxist-Leninist Movement of Chile, headed another confirmation of the correctness of the line by Comrade Miguel Asenjo, Member of the Central followed by our Party of Labour over the forty years Leadership and the Political Secretariat. of its existence for the freedom and independence of the country, for the defeat of all internal and ex• Comrades, ternal enemies, for the overcoming of the many dif• On your behalf and on the behalf of the entire ficulties and obstacles, for the strengthening of the Party, allow me to express our heartfelt thanks to people's state power, the dictatorship of the pro• the representatives of the sister parties for their par• letariat, and for the successful construction of the ticipation in our Congress. complete socialist society. The report makes a thorough-going, objective, Comrades, realistic and comprehensive analysis, based on scien• From the 7th Congress of the Party until today tific argument, of the present international events, a number of comrades have departed from us. Ab• forecasts their development and draws conclusions sent at the 8th Congress of the Party is one of the of great importance for the liberation and revolutio• most glorious leaders of our Party, one of its most nary struggle of the peoples against the expansionist talented leaders, our dear Comrade Hysni Kapo. We and hegemony-seeking policy of American imperial• remember with respect this loyal son of the Party ism, Soviet and Chinese social-imperialism and the whose name and work will live for ever in the hearts entire world reaction. Besides, it expounds again and minds of everyone. the correct, principled and courageous foreign policy We honour and remember with respect all those of the PSR of Albania. This active and consistent communists, revolutionaries and patriotic fighters, policy has met with the approval of the peoples both Albanian and foreign, who have laid down their of the world and raised the international authority lives for the cause of the revolution and socialism, of socialist Albania to new heights. The report in• for the national and social rights of the people. dicates the road for ensuring true peace in the world, for achieving stability in Europe and es• Comrades, I invite you to observe a minute of pecially in our Balkan peninsula. silence to their brilliant memory. (All those present stand up and observe a mi• Then were submitted the report on the ac• nute of silence.) tivity of the Central Control and Auditing Com• mission of the PLA and the report on the di• Glory to their memory! rectives of the 8th Congress of the Party for the Then on behalf of the representation Comrade 7th Five-year Plan of the development of the eco• Ramiz Alia proposed the Presidium of the Congress nomy and culture of the People's Socialist Republic and the Secretariat. Sixty-six delegates unanimously of Albania for the years 1981-1985. elected hy the delegates to the Congress, as well as the heads of the fraternal Marxist-Leninist parties The reports were listened to with special atten• took place on the presidium. The Congress held its tion and interest and frequently interrupted by proceedings according to the following agenda: thunderous applause and enthusiastic cheers which often turned into ovations to the Party of Labour of 1. The Report on the Activity of the CC of the Albania and its Central Committee, Comrade Enver FLA. Hoxha, Marxism-Leninism, the complete triumph of 2. The Report on the Activity of the Central socialism and communism. Control and Auditing Commission of the PLA. There were many contributions to the discussion 3. The Report on the Directives of the 8th Con• of these reports. In their contributions, the delegates gress of the Party for the 7th Five-year Plan of the expressed their complete agreement with the theses Development of the Economy and Culture of the of the report as well as their and all the working PSR of Albania for the years 1981-1985. people's determination to forge always ahead on 4. Elections to the central organs of the Party. the road shoion by the Party and Comrade Enver The Report on the Activity of th". Central Com• Hoxha, the difficult but glorious road of the cons• mittee of the Party of Labour of Albania was sub• truction of socialism and communism. mitted by Comrade Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of A delegation from the Communist Party of Iraq the CC of the PLA, the much-loved leader of the (Central Leadership) arrived in Tirana during Party and the entire Albanian peovle. the proceedings of the 8th Congress of the PLA and The report makes a profound scientific Marx• attended them. ist-Leninist analysis of the whole revolutionary ac• The proceedings of the Congress were folloived tivity of the Party, of the victories achieved from up with great attention not only by the delegates ALBANIA TODAY 6 (61), 1981 • 5
to the Congress, but also by all the communists march ever forward towards new heights of so• and working people throughout Albania, who in cialism, courageously overcoming the imperialist-re• their messages, letters and telegrams to the Con• visionist blockades and encirclement. gress expressed their rejoicing, enthusiasm, good The delegates went through moving moments wishes and took pledges for ever higher results in when a group of young pioneers, who had come from their work, revealed the boundless ioyalty of the all over the country, entered the congress hall. The communists and the working masses to the PLA, kids thanked the Party and Comrade Enver Hoxha its Central Committee and the founder of the Par• for the happy life they have ensured to them. They ty and leader of the Party and the Albanian people. pledged that they will carry the instructions of the Comrade Enver Hoxha. Party and Comrade Enver out to the Letter and carry The Congress was also greeted by the heads the revolution always forward in our country so of the delegations of the fraternal Marxist-Lenin• that Albania remains always a banner of socialism ist parties, who expressed their admiration of the and communism. major successes scored by the Albanian people under On November 6, the Congress unanimously en• the Leadership of the Party of Labour of Albania, dorsed the political and practical activity of the its Central Committee with Comrade Enver Hoxha Central Committee of the PLA so far and the report at the head, of the determined struggle of principle of the CC of the PLA submitted by Comrade Enver ihe PLA and Comrade Enver Hoxna wage for ttie Hoxha, the report «On the Directives for the 7th preservation of the purity of Marxism-Leninism Five-year Plan of the Development of the Economy against the revisionists of ail hues. They made a high and Culture of the People's Socialist Republic of assessment of the proceedings of the Congress Albania for the Years 1981-1985,» the Report of the which they consider as a very valuable experience Central Control and Auditing Commission, the di• for the Marxist-Leninist parties. rectives for the 7th Five-year Plan of the develop• The warm greetings of our friends raised the ment of the economy and culture of the People's So• enthusiasm of the delegates even higher. This was cialist Republic of Albania. evident in their enthusiastic cheers for Marxism- Finally, the Congress elected the leading organs Leninism and proletarian internationalism, which of the Party: the Central Committee made up of 81 indissolubly unites all the genuine revolutionaries members and 40 alternate members, as well as the in their struggle against imperialism, social-impe• Central Control and Auditing Commission of the rialism and reaction for social progress and the com• Party made up of 21 members. The vote counting plete triumph of socialism and communism on a commission informed that all the comrades on the world scale. voting list for members of the Central Committee On the occasion of the opening of the 8th Con• of the Party, for alternate members of the Central gress of the PLA and the 40th anniversary of its Committee and for the Central Control and Auditing founding, the Congress, the Central Committee of the Commission of the Party had won 100 per cent of PLA, and the beloved leader of the Party and Alba• the votes. nian people personally have received a great num• At its first meeting held on November 7th, the ber of messages, telegrams and letters from Marx• new Central Committee of the Party elected the Po• ist-Leninist parties and organizations, from asso• litical Bureau made up of 13 members and 5 alter• ciations of friendship with Albania, as well as from nate members and its Secretariat made up of 4 our compatriots and their patriotic societies in dif• members. Comrade Enver Hoxha was re-elected ferent countries of the world: Argentina, USA, Aus• First Secretary of the Central Committee of the tralia, Austria, as well as from people of Kosova. PLA. The Central Control and Auditing Commission These messages of greetings express fraternal elected its leadership with Comrade Pilo Peristeri feelings and the warmest wishes to the Albanian at the head. people, the Party of Labour of Albania and its The delegates broke into thunderous applause leader, Comrade Enver Hoxha. Together with their which turned into ovations for whole minutes when wishes for the complete success of the 8th Congress the beloved leader of the Party and the Albanian of the PLA and their congratulations on the 40th people. Comrade Enver Hoxha, held the closing anniversary of the founding of the PLA, the authors speech of the Congress. of these messages and letters express their soli• Enthusiastic cheers broke out again when Com• darity with the PLA and the Albanian people and rade Enver Hoxha declared the 8th Congress of the their high appreciation of the internationalist PLA closed. Those present rose to their feet and stands of the PLA and its contribution to the de• sang the International. Thus, the proceedings of fence of the freedom and independence of the peo• this great historic assembly of the Albanian com• ples and the cause of the world revolution. These munists, which was a brilliant manifestation of the messages also express the unshaken confidence of unbreakable unity of the people around the Party their authors that the Albanian people, under the and its Central Committee with Comrade Enver correct leadership of the PLA with Comrade Enver Hoxha at the head, of their unshakeable determi• Hoxha at the head, will always hold the red banner nation to carry out the majestic program endorsed of Marxism-Leninism high and unbending and will by this Congress, were wound up. ENVER HOXHA
REPORT ON OF THE CENTRAL CO^ OF LABOUR
DEAR COMRADES,
THE PARTY AND OUR ENTIRE PEOPLE COME TO THIS CONGRESS WITH GREAT SUCCESSES AND NOTABLE VICTORIES. SOCIALIST ALBANIA HAS RAISED ITS ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT TO A HIGHER STAGE, HAS TAKEN A NEW STEP FORWARD IN RAISING THE WELL-BEING OF THE MASSES AND STRENG• THENING THE DEFENCE OF THE HOMELAND. THE FIVE YEARS WHICH HAVE ELAPSED SINCE THE 7th CONGRESS WAS HELD ARE A PERIOD^OF HEROIC STRUGGLE BY OUR WORKING MASSES ON ALL FRONTS TO CARRY THE SOCIALIST CONSTRUCTION EVEN FURTHER FORWARD, TO MAKE OUR NEW LIFE EVEN RICHER AND MORE PROSPEROUS. UNDER THE LEADER• SHIP OF THE PARTY AND WITH UNSHAKEABLE CONFIDENCE IN ITS CORRECT LINE. THE WORKING CLASS, THE COOPERATIVIST PEASANTRY, THE YOUTH AND THE INTELLIGENTSIA UNSPARINGLY POURED OUT ALL THEIK PHYSICAL AND MENTAL ENERGIES TO COPE WITH AND SUCCESSFULLY OVERCOME THE DIFFICULTIES OF SOCIALIST GROWTH, AS WELL AS THOSE WHICH THE FOREIGN ENEMIES CREATED FOR US. OUR PARTY COMES BOLDLY AND PROUDLY TO THE PRESENT CONGRESS, AS IT DID TO THE FORMER CON• GRESSES, BECAUSE IT HAS SUCCESSFULLY ACCOMPLISHED THE GREAT TASKS IT UNDERTOOK, BECAUSE IT HAS FULLY JUSTIFIED THE UNSHAKEABLE TRUST THE PEOPLE HAVE IN IT. OUR PEOPLE CAN BE SATISFIED WITH THEIR WORK AND EFFORTS. THIS HAS BEEN CREATIVE AND FRUITFUL WORK WHICH BROUGHT THEM NEW JOY AND PROGRESS, WHICH MADE THEM MORE OPTIMISTIC AND HAPPIER. During the 6th Five-year Plan, too, the industriali• filment of the needs of the population and industry for zation of the country went ahead non-stop. The uti• these products, fully confirm this. lization of the value of our mineral wealth and other raw Marked progress has been made in the field of cul• materials of the country reached a higher level. With the ture and education. The socialist content, national phy• building of new projects, such as the «Steel of the Party» siognomy and popular spirit of our culture have been metallurgical combine, the ferro-chrome plant, the pyro- further developed and deepened. Culture and all its va• metallurgy plant, the deep oil-processing refinery, etc. a lues are being introduced ever more deeply among the considerable portion of these materials are now trans• masses.A merit of our new culture is that it has with• formed and processed locally, thus creating a sound and stood the various pressures and influences of bourgeois reliable base for the development of the whole economy. and revisionist culture, while preserving its originality This is a success of the correct line of the Party, as is and socialist features. The people's education has ad• the ensuring of the powerful energy base, which was vanced, fully implementing the instructions of the Party further expanded with the commissioning of all the tur• to ensure the broad education of the new generation and bines of the «Light of the Party»- hydro-power station. to give the country specialists at the level which our pre• Our agriculture has made new big strides in all di• sent and future development requires. rections. The orientation of the Party that it must be In this grave period of crises which have engulfed transformed into a socialist agriculture of modern large- the capitalist and revisionist world, where there are many scale production, relying on an ever more powerful tech• political upheavals, stagnation and decline in production, nical base and on the latest agro-technical knowledge, has falling living standards and decadence of moral values, in been proved in practice to be a correct and fully rea• our country there is complete economic and political sta• lizable orientation. The increase of agricultural and live• bility, our society is sound, ouc people are confident about stock products from year to year, the ever better ful• the present and the future. During the past five years, HE ACTIVITY MITTEE OF THE PARTY OF ALBANIA
a large contingent oi people educated and trained by the the world. Its international position is strong. Its friends Party and our people's state powei have begun work and well-wishers are increasing and multiplying day by for the first time, adding to and farther strengthening day. Its resolute and principled struggle against imperial• the great army of working people of town and countryside. ism and modern revisionism has enhanced the sympathy This fact becomes even more significant if we bear in and love of the Marxist-Leninists, revolutionaries, and mind that in the world today, not only is work not en• honest, democratic-minded people for the Party of La• sured for the younger generation, but even people of the bour and the People's Socialist Republic of Albania. older generation are left unemployed. Our Party and people successfully withstood the grave Our people's state power has been further streng• test to which they were put by the sudden and brutal thened and democratized. The participation of the masses breaking off of economic relations with our country on in governing the country has become more active and been the part of China. The Chinese revisionists thought that raised to a higher level. Our socialist democracy has been through their hostile activity they would disorganize our extended further and better conditions have been created economy and stop its development for a long time, that to ensure that the people enjoy the rights guaranteed them they would force Albania to make political and ideological as fully as possible, and perform their duties to society concessions, to hold out its hand to foreigners and beg better. for support and aid from abroad. However, they, and in• The internal situation has never been stronger than ternational reaction after them, which hoped that Alba• ii is today. The compactness and unity of the people, the nia would be forced to change course, failed completely. alliance of the working class with the cooperativist pea• With great political maturity and a lofty patriotic spirit, santry, the collaboration and solidarity among the dif• with a fresh mobiUzation of their energies and unshaken ferent strata of our society, have been strengthened and confidence in the triumph of their struggle, our people consolidated further. The links of the Party with the overcame the difficulties created. people have been steeled and their mutual confidence Our Party comes to its 8th Congress tempered in new has been tempered further. battles and richer in exi)erience. It comes as a great A brilliant expression of this great unity is that de• army, educated with the proletarian Marxist-iLeninist termination, that drive and heroism with which our peo• ideology, with strong internal unity and closely linked ple fight to carry out the tasks set by the Party, to over• with the people, with increased organiTsing, mobilizing and come the various difficulties that have emerged in our leading capabilities, ever ready to undertake new and road, to successfully cope with the imperialist-revisionist greater tasks and to carry them out with success, as blockade and encirclement. always. Thanks to the correct line and special care of the The work of this Congress coincides with a glorious Party, socialist Albania today has a reliable and im• anniversary, the anniversary of the founding of our he• pregnable defence. Our people and the army always main• roic Party of Labour. Forty years ago our people entrusted tain high vigilance and stand fearless and ready to defend their destiny, the life and the future of the Homeland the freedom and independence of the Homeland and the to the Albanian communists. Our Party justified their victories of socialism. trust with its glorious work, with the triumph of the re• Our country is honoured and respected by the progres• volution and tlie creation of the new socialist Albania. sive and peace-loving peoples and states everywhere in Inspired by the trust of the people and conscious of its 8 • 6 (61), 1981 ALBANIA TODAY historic responsibiUty and the lofty mission it had under• fence by the people themselves, the education and arming taken, it guided the Albaniein people with penetrating mind of the working masses with the Marxist-Leninist ideology, and sure touch from one battle to another, from one are the strong and unshakeable pillars on which our so• victory to another. cialist fortress stands, the fundamental features which The magnificent achievements attained in the years characterize a truly socialist state. Taken as a whole, of our free life under the leadership of the Party have these achievements constitute the historical experience of shown that there is no force which can seriously disturb socialism in Albania. The experience of Albania shows socialism in Albania and the freedom and independence that even a small country, with a backward material- of our Homeland, or dim the brilliance of our future. technical base, can achieve a very rapid and all-round The consistent adherence to the Marxist-Leninist prin• economic and cultural development, can ensure its in• ciple of self-reliance, the policy of the creation of a mo• dependence and withstand the attacks of world capitalism dern industry based on the country's raw materials and and imperialism when it is led by a truly Marxist-Lenin• an agriculture which with its products guarantees the ist party, when it is determined to fight to the end for food supplies for the people, the framing of sufficient its ideals, and has faith in its ability to achieve them. technical and scientific cadres capable of working and In the future, too, the Party of Labour of Albania leading in all sectors, have been proved indispensable to will march determined and unwavering on the brilliant road success in all directions. This wise and far-sighted policy on which it has proceeded during the forty years of its of the Party has created that sound foundation on which existence. Linked like flesh to bone with its people, at our ceaseless economic and cultural development is based the head of them and together with them, it will fight and which guarantees our socialist course. with devotion, sparing no sacrifice, in order to ensure The achievement of economic independence along with new progress and victories for our people and our socialist political independence, the ensuring of the country's de• Homeland.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY AND THE TASKS OF THE PARTY
Our socialist economy enters the new five-year pe• further progress. In 1980, as against 1975, social product• riod of its development with stability, dynamic and with ion rose about 25 per cent and industrial production more great possibilities to develop and extend social production than 34 per cent, at a rate 2 to 3 times higher than the further and raise its efficiency in all directions. growth of the population. The main objectives of the 6th Five-year Plan have Through the consistent application of the economic been successfully attained in general. This has made the material-technical base of the country still stronger, has policy of the Party, perceptible improvements were made further increased the resources of raw materials and in the structure of industrial production, and the pro• energy, has ensured better conditions for the harmonious, portion of means of production in total production in• rapid and ceaseless development of the economy. During creased. Industry met the needs of the population better the past five-year plan the development of the productive and its role in the all-round development of the eco• forces continued at high rates, the intensification of the nomy and the defence of the country was increased. economy developed further and the technical-scientific Compared with the 5th Five-year Plan, agricultural revolution saw important new advances. Industry, agri• production rose more than 21 per cent. Agriculture met culture and the other branches of the economy made the needs of the country for bread grain, food products ALBANIA TODAY 6 (61), 1981 • 9 and the most essential raw materials, and increased the 1981-1985, which it presents to the Congress for exa• volume of export of agricultural products. mination and endorsement. The fundamental task of this To fulfil the targets of the 6th Five-year Plan the five-year plan is: -xThe general development of the eco• Party and our state raised the level of utilization of the nomy, relying completely on our own forces, on the basis internal resources and possibilities of the country. The oC deepening the socialist industrialization of the country, uninterrupted financing of the development of the eco• the strengthening and intensification of agriculture, rais• nomy and culture was ensured, about 300 important ing the efficiency of the economy, the development of the projects were built and commissioned and goods export technical-scientific revolution and perfecting the socialist rose over 51 per cent. relations of production, in order to guarantee and gra• The growing economic power and the implementation dually raise the material well-being and the cultural level of a number of measures of an economic and social cha• racter guaranteed the level of well-being already achieved of the masses of the working people and to further streng• and led to its further uplift. The real per capita income then the socialist order and the defence capacity of the of the population increased both in town and countryside. Homeland.^ The retail goods turnover went up about 20 per cent. The The main directions and objectives of the develop• housing conditions of the population were further im• ment of the economy and culture during the 7th Five-year proved and measures were taken to expand social ser• Plan, which is distinguished by a number of special cha• vices. About 20 thousand people graduated from the higher racteristics, are synthetized in this task. schools and more than 113 thousand from the secondary This is the first five-year plan which will be carried schools, or 57 per cent more than in the 5th Five-year out relying entirely on our own forces and possibilities. Plan. Today Albania is the only country in the world which is These achievements in the general socio-economic de• developing and advancing on the socialist road without velopment of the country assume special significance if any kind of aid or credit from abroad. This is a great we bear in mind what is occurring in the capitalist-re• but glorious test for our people and Party, and the victory visionist world, where the economic crisis, with its grave is certain, because, by proceeding on the basis of Marx- consequences for the working masses and the whole life ism-Leninism, we prepared ourselves long ago for this of the countries of this world, has caused stagnation and decisive step. oechne in production. These aciuevements maiK a great The objectives and tasks of the new five-year plan victory for our Party and people. are greater than in any other plan, but they are scien• On behalf of the Party and the people, from the tri• tifically based and fully achievable. For the five years bune of tliis Congress 1 hail and congratulate the worxers, 1981-1985, the volume of social production and invest• the specialists and the cadres of construction and industry ments will be larger than the volume realized over the v/no, responding to tne call of the Party, even m me oii- first four five-year plans taken together, while the vo• ticult conditions which the Chinese revisionists created lume of exports will be even larger. In 1985, as against for us, proved up to the task and succeeded in building and 1980, social production is envisaged to increase 34-36 per commissioning the great projects of the 6th Five-year cent, at an average annual rate of 6.4 per cent. The funds Plan, which further strengthened oiir socialist Homeland. for investment and construction will be used to build Despite the successes achieved, we are also aware about 750 important projects for the development of the that some targets of the five-year plan were not fulfilled economy and culture. in investments and construction, in agricultural production With the possibilities created by the increased pro• and some industrial products, and in the productivity oi duction and national income, in 1985, as against 1980, the labour. The Party, the state organs and the working col• fund for consumption by the people is expected to in• lectives have carefully analysed these failures and have crease by 21 per cent and the circulation of retail goods drawn lessons in order to ehminate weaknesses ana short• by 22-24 per cent. Important tasks are envisaged for the comings in the work of organization and management of development of education and culture, the health service, the economy. housing and other public services. The great achievements of historic significance al• In setting these targets and rates, account has been ready made in all fields, as well as the rich experience taken both of the possibilities the economy has and will gained in the work and struggle of the Party and people provide and of the needs for the development of the for the construction and defence of sociaUsm, constitute economy and the employment of the new active forces, a powerful political, economic and social basis from which for the strengthening of the defence of the country and to advance confidently and boldly. the increase of reserves, and for the development of the On the basis of the general line and the eco• social and cultural sectors, as well as for ever better ful• nomic policy of the Party for the construction of so- filling the growing demands of the population. Many of ciahsm, the Central Committee, after all-sided work and the targets of this five-year plan, especially those which study and a broad popular consultation, prepared the have to do with the utilization of reserves of oil and mi• draft-directives for the 7th Five-year Plan of the de• nerals, the allocation of investments, etc. have also been velopment of the economy and culture for the period seen to in close connection with the development of the Comrade ENVER HOXHA addressing the 8th Congress of the PLA. ALBANIA TODAY 6 (61), 1981 • 11
economy in the future five-year plans, when we will be Comrade Enver Hoxha spoke about the further streng• faced with even greater needs and demands. thening of industry, as a decisive factor for the general During the 7th Five-year Plan some important struc• advance of the country, about the further intensification tural improvements will be made in the field of product• of agricultural production and the perfecting of the so• ion, the circulation of goods and consumption by the peo• cialist relations in the countryside, about the investments ple. These improvements will involve energy resources, and construction work, as the important basis for the black metallurgy, the engineering industry, agriculture, ceaseless strengthening of the economy, about the increase transport, finances and mass consumer goods, etc. The im• of exports and the sparing use of hard currency, about provements envisaged will lead to intensification of the the guaranteeing and the gradual raising of the well- economy, raise its efficiency and make it more capable of being of the people, and about the perfecting of the ma• meeting the needs of the country and of coping better nagement of the economy and raising its efficiency. with the encirclement and blockade and the pressure of Speaking about the ceaseless strengthening of the the economic crisis of the capitalist and revisionist Party, about the further enhancement of the effectiveness of world. its work, Comrade Enver Hoxha concentrated on such im• The development and strengthening of the material- portant problems as the enhancement and further per• technical base of the country, as always, will be closely fecting of the leading role of the Party, the increase of the linked with the improvement of various aspects of the eco• effectiveness of the work of the Party and the sense of nomic relations in the city and, especially, in the coun• responsibility of the party organs and organizations, the tryside. Important measures have been and are being improvement of the work of the Party with the cadres taken for the further development of the cooperativist and the further strengthening of the political system of system and the restriction of the personal plot, for the the dictatorship of the proletariat. extension of specialization and cooperation, the streng• The tasks of the Party for the communist edu• thening of the organization and management of product• cation of the working people are comprised in the third ion, for a better linking of the remuneration for work chapter of the report of Comrade Enver Hoxha. In this with quantity and quality, savings and the fulfilment of chapter Comrade Enver Hoxha dwells on important pro• targets of the plan. These measures will be carried still blems such as the communist education of the working further with the aim of ceaselessly strengthening our so• jyeople — the basis of our successes, socialism needs people cialist order. with broad culture and scientific knowledge.
IV THE INTERNATIONAL SITUATION AND THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE PSR OF ALBANIA
The Party of Labour of Albania has always followed we are never taken by surprise, to ensure that we are the development of international situations and the events always prepared to face up successfully to any danger which occur in the world with attention. It has analysed wiiich might come from abroad, and to build socialism them in an objective and realistic manner, based, as with success. On the other hand, this also constitutes a always, on the Marxist-Leninist principles, and has drawn condition for us to properly and effectively perform our the respective conclusions. In all this work the Party has internationalist duty in support of the peoples' struggle proceeded from the fact that the processes going on in for freedom and national independence, democracy and the world today exert their influence, to this or that social progress, and to contribute to the strengthening of extent, on our country, too. We follow and analyse the international peace and security. international situations with particular interest, so that Viewed as a whole, the present international situation 12 • 6 (61), 1981 ALBANIA TODAY is disturbed, complicated and very tense. Major political come to terms to the detriment of the peoples has always and social forces confront one another: on the one side, been the response of imperialists to the tendency towards imperialism, capitalism and reaction, the bearers of oppres• inter-imperialist clashes and conflicts. sion, exploitation and war, and on the other side, the However, an atmosphere of mutual trust can never exist peoples, the revolutionaries and the democrats, who are between imperialist states. Due to their aggressive nature, struggling for national and social liberation and the they are bound to act against one another openly and emancipation of mankind. This large-scale, profound and secretly. This is the dialectic of relations between impe• all-round confrontation, which is a reflection of stem rialists. ^lass clashes and has included all the continents without Up till no'W the superpowers have tried to preserve a exception, has further exacerbated all the contradictions certain equilibrium between themselves, to ensure respect and the grave crisis which has swept the capitalist world for their mutual spheres of influence, and to keep pace today. Everything indicates that the present situation in with each other in the arms race. They have made efforts the wforld conld give rise to general and local wars, just to avoid a direct war between them, but now, as a result as it may give rise to liberation wars and revolution. of the crisis and unequal development, this equilibrium The development of events will show whether imperia• is tending to fall apart. lism will be able to lead the world to a new catastrophe They can no longer find unoccupied spaces in which or whether the peoples will prevent the war and save to extend their expansion. Any further step brings them mankind. into collision with the other's interests and carries the In this situation, the peoples' war and the revolution danger of an unpredictable reaction. This gives rise to are on the agenda, not only as aspirations and immediate imbalance, to the dangers of armed confrontations tasks for liberation from capitalist oppression and the which might lead mankind into a general imperialist imperialist yoke, but also as historical necessities to de• war. feat the warmongering plans of imperialism and avert a In the past, it became possible to conclude the treaty new general war. on the non-proliferation of atomic weapons, which ensu• Imperialism has been and still is the source of all ag• red the United States of America and the Soviet Union gressions and predatory wars, the source of all the disas• the monopoly of these weapons, and even to sign the ters and suffering which have existed and exist in the SALT agreement, which established the equilibrium of world. The peoples have paid the price of the insatiable these superpowers in these weapons. Now the two sides greed of the imperialists for conquests and exploitation have been caught up in the fevers of unrestrained arma• and for world domination with their blood and their lives. ment, in which they have lost all sense and logic. The The struggle going on today among the imperialist super• megalomania and arrogance of the superpowers, which powers and the big capitalist powers for markets and think they can make the law and get away with it, is min• spheres of influence is further testimony of this unalterable gled with fear of each other and with the terror that character of the nature and aims of imperialism. the revolution strikes in them. American imperialism and Soviet social-imperialism The interests of the superpowers and those of the are contesting with one another, are competing and peoples are not in accord and do not coincide at any time manoeuvring to carry out aggressions and occupy other or in any instance. For imperialism to exist the peoples countries. In many regions of the world the struggle bet• must be enslaved, for the peoples to be liberated impe• ween the two imperialist superpowers, the United States rialism must be destroyed. of America and the Soviet Union, not excluding impe• That policy of reactionary classes which, to protect rialist China and other capitalist powers, has assumed new, their own power and to deceive the masses, rely on one major proportions. Each of these powers is striving to or the other imperialist state, presenting the one as good achieve economic, political and military superiority over and the other as bad, the one as a supporter of the peoples the other and to capture new strategic positions. Although and the other as their enemy, the one as the champion of the flames of world war are not blazing yet, the local peace and the other as a warmonger, is very dangerous fires which have broken out and the dangerous hotbeds and must be fought to the end. The superpowers, indi• which have already been created may turn into a great vidually and jointly, are the most ferocious enemies of conflagration of imperialist world war. The Middle East, the freedom and independence of the peoples, the protec• and Indochina once again, are very cleai evidence of tors and guarantors of reactionary regimes, supporters of this. This rivalry, this superpower policy, further compli• national bondage to foreigners and instigators of feuds cates the situations and leads to tension with dangerous and conflicts between nations. Their policy contains the consequences in all world relations. direct danger that mankind is hurled into a third world Of course, while we observe that the rivalry between war. the superpowers and the sharpening of contradictions Therefore now as in the past, the struggle of all re• between them constitute the main source of present-day volutionary, progressive and democratic forces to expose international conflicts and the danger of war, we cannot and foil the predatory and enslaving plans of imperialist fail to notice also their efforts to reach compromises and superpowers is an historic necessity, a condition and a duty agreements and even temporary alliances. The effort to for the defence of the freedom and sovereignty of the ALBANIA TODAY 6 (61), 1981 • 13 peoples, for the triumph of the revolution, for averting the intervene anywhere that Pentagon sends it to establish the war and ensuring peace. domination of the United States with fire and steel, is an In one way or the other, in this or that form, all the incontestable proof of this course. peoples encounter the interference ot and are threatened This line is also expressed in the new -"doctrine* of by the aggressive policy of American imperialism, which Washington, begun by Carter and further developed by represents the greatest capitalist power of our time and Reagan, that allegedly peace in the world and the security the main defender of the bourgeois-imperialist system. of peoples can be achieved by means of the -"increase of From the end of the Second World War, when it emerged the American power and superiority*. In reality, this at the head of the imperialist powers and became the «doctrine>> incites general imperialist war and brings it main pretender to world domination, to this day, Ameri• closer. The unprecedented build-up of various weapons, can imperialism has caused the shedding of torrents of from the conventional weapons to atomic bombs equiva• blood by the peoples it has attacked, either directly or by lent to hundreds of megatons, the incitement of the mi• means of its obedient tools. In every counter-revolutio• litarist spirit and the total mobilization to achieve military nary process which has occurred in the world, in every superiority over the Soviet rival at any cost, are creating fascist putsch and overthrow of democracy, in every attack the concept in American leading circles that war is not on the revolution and sociaUsm, the hand of American im• only inevitable, but also an imperative necessity. perialism has always been present. This is the imperialism All these things show that the world will be faced which has made its interference in the internal affairs of with an intensification of the aggressive policy of Ameri• other countries, its despotism and dictate, a normal practice can imperialism, an increase in its interference in internal in international life, and which has transformed aggression affairs of other countries and especially in the use of its and the threat of aggression into its basic policy and a military force. permanent form of its activity. In these conditions any concession or giving way to American capital is the greatest and most insatiable American imperialism, any illusion that its policy might plunderer of the assets and toil of the peoples that history change for the better, carries great dangers for the has ever known. The American capitalist companies, which freedom, independence and sovereignty of the peoples. have extended their tentacles all over the globe, violate Today the hegemonic and expansionist policy for the the sovereignty of the nations in the most barbarous way establishment of world domination, the adventurous course and make the law in many countries. Together with the for the preparation and incitement of war also characterize export of capital, American imi)erialism has also exported Soviet social-imperialism, the global strategy of which its way of life, corruption and degeneration, the spirit and especially the ways in which it is applied have likewise of decadent cosmopolitanism and servile submission to become more aggressive. foreigners. Beginning with the occupation of Czechoslovakia, the American imperialism has covered the globe with mi• policy of the Soviet Union has gradually assumed a pro• litary bases, which are the main outposts for its war and nounced militarist character which is expressed in the use aggression. It pursues the policy of strengthening the of military force to realize its expansionist aims. Its mi• existing blocs and setting up new military blocs, by means litary interventions followed one another. After Czechos• of which it ensures its own domination over its partners, lovakia came Angola, Yemen, Ethiopia, Eritrea, into which threatens to put down the revolution and the people's strug• the Soviets intervened by third parties. Finally came gles with fire and steel, and defends the system of capitahst Afghanistan. Afghanistan marked the commencement of the oppression and violence by force. great march of Soviet social-imperialism towards the South, At the present time American imperialism has begun where the world's greatest resources of energy are found, to apply a harsher, more aggressive and more adventurous together with the most important strategic jimctions and line in foreign policy. It is relying more and more on the fields where the most acute imperialist rivalries col• military force. Reagan's new policy is clear evidence of this. lide with one another. Now American imperialism is demanding that the The policy of the Soviet Union has assumed the same whole of world reaction and counter-revolutionary forces aggressive, expansionist, war-mongering features as those unite in a single crusade under the American aegis against of the United States of America. This is clearly apparent the revolution, socialism, the freedom, independence, so• from the same objectives which they have chosen and vereignty ot the peoples and against the democratic hu• the parallel courses on which they are proceeding. The man rights. Considering nearly all the zones from which Soviet Union is seeking military bases in foreign coun• oil and all the main raw materials are extracted, all the tries and creating political-military alliances with other sea routes and all the strategic points of the globe as ozones countries to have them as outposts for the extension of of American interests*, and by officially declaring that its domination over the peoples and in its contest with it will intervene with arms to defend these -"interests"-, American imperialism. Likewise, it is not lagging behind American imperialism has come out openly with a con• in the armaments race. The Soviets have now a huge mi• crete program for the extension of its political and mili• litary arsenal which they are continuously buildmg up tary power all over the world. The creation of the -xrapid and perfecting in the preparations which they are making deployment force"-, that great aggressive army ready to for the outbreak of the war. The militarized Soviet eco- 14 • 6 (61), mi ALBANIA TODAY
nomy has been placed in the service of realizing the plans The working class and ail the exploited, m one way or of this new imperialist superpower for conquests. another, with greater or lesser intensity, are fighting As a result of all these things, the Soviet Union has against all the capitalist ruling forces, whether local or in• been unmasked before the peoples as a ferocious impe• ternational, which exploit them, impoverish them and op• rialist power which is openly threatening and endangering press them economically and morally. their freedom and independence. In all the capitalist countries, the resistance of the Nevertheless, among certain people and political for• working class to the attacks of the lx)urgeoisie and its ces in various countries, illusions about the Soviet Union sLiuggle to defend its standard of living and democratic still exist and there is a mistaken concept about the order Lights have extended. Not only have the strikes, demons• which exists there and a naive trust in its policy. This trations and manifestations become more frequent, but comes about not only from the fact that the Soviet Union the participation of workers in them has also reached gambles lieavily on its socialist past and that it peddles its unprecedented figm-es. Millions of workers are on strike policy of rivah-y with the United States of America as an in the USA, in Britain, in the FRG, in Italy, in France, anti-imperialist policy, but also for many other reasons. Spain and elsewhere. These strikes and demonstrations are The main one among them is that the Soviet expansion assuming a more and more militant character. Proof of is generally carried out through its penetration into the this is the fact that in many countries of Europe and anti-imperialist, liberation movements, transforming them America the apparatuses of bourgeois violence have been into its instruments and exploiting them to its own ad• obliged to use their weapons and fight the workers, as vantage. The facts have shown that not only those who well as to take other restrictive and repressive measures. have trusted the -"internationalist aid» of the Soviet Union, Cases in which the workers do not obey to bourgeois trade- but also those who have believed that they can rely on unions and come out in the streets against the desire and Soviet «aid>» and alliance with it in order to oppose or orders of the trade-union bosses have increased. gain liberation from American imperialism and other im• In the present period the workers' struggle has been perialisms, have become victims of its expansion. directed especially against the consequences of the eco• It is particularly important to unmask the pacifist de• nomic crisis, the burden of which the bourgeoisie wants to magogy of the Soviet Union, the Khrushchevite slogans of throw on to the working class. The working masses have •"peaceful coexistence"- and the misleading revisionist pro• risen against this new injustice and robbery and are de- paganda which tries to convince the peoples that averting mandiag that this burden should not fall on them, but war and ensuring peace, indeed even national independence on their employers. They are fighting to retain their jobs and social transformations, depend on the so-called de• and real wage levels, fighting against inflation and the tente between the two superpowers. The peoples do not increasing cost of living, fighting for increased funds for want mounting tension, the development of acute conflicts, health, education, social assistance, etc. or the use of force in the settlement of international The social and political demagogy of capitalism and problems. But the so-called detente, which the Soviet re• the opportunism and sabotage activity of social-demo• visionists advocate, has nothing at all to do with guaran• cracy, revisionism and the trade-unions under their con• teeing international peace and security which are threa• trol are also being exposed and unmasked in this daily tened precisely by the two imperialist superpowers. confrontation between the working class and the bour•
The detente trumpeted by the Soviet revisionists and geoisie. This anger and revolt, which is hitting the capi• the others is nothing but the old imperialist theory of talist and revisionist bourgeoisie in different forms and balance and harmony among the great powers. The theo• with different intensities, is also a direct and powerful ries of -"detentex-, -«balance»^, or -"bipolarism"- which, despite blow against the sinister forces of war which want the some nuance in form, are identical in cMitent, are in• destruction of mankind. tended to guarantee the mutual spheres of influence, to in the capitalist and revisionist coimtries today, the raise the dictate of superpowers in world affairs, the com• working class is boimd by many chains with which the plete and unconditional submission of other countries to bourgeois state and the various parties have shackled it. the two supergreat and abandonment of their national But this state of affairs will not last for ever. The in• interests and sovereignty, to international law. creasingly acute contradictions between labour and capital and the capitalist and imperiaUst oppression in general are The imperialist-revisionist policy of war, oppression accelerating the rise in the political and class consciousness and exploitation has run into the great resistance of the of the proletariat and making it conscious that it can proletariat and the peoples of the world. The i>eoples escape oppression and exploitation only through class understand the intrigues, manoeuvres, strategy and tactics struggle, only through revolution. of the savage superpowers — the United States of America and the revisionist Soviet Union, and are not sitting Besides the upsurge and extension of the struggle of idle. the working class, a general awakening of the oppressed The world today is witness to the fact that the struggle peoples, a strengthemng of national feelings, and a greater of the worldng class and the peoples, oppressed and ex• desire to be free, independent and sovereign can be seen ploited by world capital and imperialism, has assumed today. The people's liberation movements have grown in wide proportions and a variety of forms never seen before. extent and enhanced their quality, their anti-imperialist,
r ALBANIA TODAY 6 (61), 1981 • 15
anti-social-imperialist and anti-neo-colonialist character imperialist pressures, threats and even armed inter• has been strengthened. ventions. The struggle of the Iranian people, who rose in revo• The international situation and the danger of war are lution and swept away the Shah and his mediaeval regime becoming even more acute because of the grave economic, and threw out his American patrons, was a heavy blow political and ideolo^cal crisis wliich has swept the capi• to imperialism. In Iran, the United States of America suf• talist and revisionist world today. The present economic fered a major political defeat which it is unable to reverse crisis is the clearest and the most concrete expression of through diplomatic methods and economic blackmail, or the deepening of the general crisis of capitalism. Unlike even through military intervention, as it attempted and the crisis of the 30's, which included the United States failed to do at Tabaz. In Iran, American imperialism lost of America and the big developed countries especially, one of its most important sources of oil, lost colossal profits the present crisis has engulfed all the capitalist countries, and lost its credibility as an invincible protector of its developed or undeveloped, without exception. This greater Arab -«allies» of the Persian Gulf. The Egyptian-Israeli extent and depth of the crisis results from certain new compromise at Camp David was shaken, and open and factors in the development of the capitalist system after surreptitious disagreements with its NATO partners the Second World War, such as the further increase in the emerged. concentration and internationalization of capital, the estab• The struggle of the Arab peoples against the Israeli lishment of the almost complete domination of the dollar occupiers and their American patrons ha& assumed grea• in the world financial system, the extension of the activity ter proportions and intensity. In the centre of this struggle of multi-national companies and their ever increasing stand the heroic Palestinian people who, in extraordinarily weight in world production and the growth beyond all difficult conditions, have been waging a titanic battle for bounds of non-productive expenditure, especially on ar• tens of years to regain the homeland denied them, to secure maments. their rights and live free and independent on their mother The class and liberation struggles, the general weaken• soil. The people of Afghanistan are fighting valiantly and ing of the positions of imperialism, which came about as boldly against the Soviet social-imperialists and the local a result of the destruction of the colonial system and the lackeys to regain their national independence. emergence of scores of new states, which, to this or that The peoples of Latin America are shedding their blood extent, are fighting to achieve complete political and eco• in the fight against the fascist dictatorships, which are nomic independence, have exerted an influence, indeed kept in power with the direct aid of American imperialism. a great decisive influence, on the birth and development of The liberation and revolutionary movement there is grow• the present crisis. ing and deepening and in many cases has succeeded in Like all the other crises, the present crisis is one of conquering the enemies and emerging triumphant. The most over-production. It is the offspring and an inevitable phe• recent evidence of this is the triumph of the revolution nomenon of the capitalist system. Unlike the others, this in Nicaragua, which overthrew one of the most reactionary crisis is continuing for a long time and there is no sign regimes — that of Somosa, the outbreak of the revolution of emerging from it. in Salvador, etc. In the ^backyard* of the United States The capitalist economy remains in stagnation. In some great tempests are blowing up, tempests which cannot be countries production is declining further or showing only stopped, either with weapons or with dollars. some unimportant increase. Because of the restriction of The African continent is not passive, either. Thanks to markets, exports are declining on a world scale. The pro• a long and persistent struggle, the overwhelming majo• ductive capacities of the big industrialized countries are rity of the African countries won their state independence being utilized less and less. Unemployment in those coun• one after the other. Through armed struggle the Black tries has reached 25 million people. Inflation is rising con• population of Zimbabwe succeeded in winning its rights, tinuously. which a reactionary minority of old colonialists denied Like any other crisis, but more so in this case, the it. However, Namibia and the people of South Africa, who present crisis has proved that, irrespective of the external continue to live in segregation and without any rights, are forms it may assume during its development, the bour• not yet liberated. The peoples of Africa have not reconciled geois system cannot ensure an harmonious growrth of the and cannot reconcile themselves to racism. Its existence economy, cannot ensure work and food for all the working insults and angers all the African peoples. people, cannot avoid economic catastrophes, and the des• The people's national liberation wars, the blood shed truction of productive forces and the national wealth crea• by the peoples who are fighting for freedom and inde• ted with the sweat and blood of the working people. pendence, reflect the hatred for and anger against capi• The present crisis is the crisis and failure of state mo• talist exploitation and the imperialist yoke. They confirm nopoly capitalism. The mechanism of the state monopoly Lenin's theses about imperialism as capitalism in decay, regulation of the economy has not only proved to be as the eve of proletarian revolutions. They confirm that powerless against the crises, but has been transformed into imperialism is heading for the abyss, that it is no longer another factor increasing the economic difficulties. Thus, capable of stopping the revolutionary drive of the peoples it has been proved that the intervention of the monopoly who dare to rise against it and are not intimidated by the state, the capitalist programming, are imable to eliminate 16 • 6 (61), 1981 ALBANIA TODAY competition, to ensure full employment of the population The American policy of the big stick against the peoples and to eliminate the obstacles to extended social repro• is accompanied with a tightening of the screws on its duction. partners and clients. Prom Europe, Japan and China, With the present crisis, the model of the capitalist American imperialism demands not only collaboration in •<
as the so^alled North-South dialogue, the Conference of mination of reaction, there is no other course apart from the 77, the special meetings of the General Assembly of the revolution, the overthrow of imperialism and capi• the United Nations, etc. talism. However, years have gone by and nothing has been The struggle of the peoples, the struggle of the pro• achieved, because the imperialists and the neo-colonialists letariat against their enemies will surge ahead. It is an do not renounce their privileges and dominant positions. objective historical process which no force can stop. The fruitless resolutions of various international meetings and the decisions to hold new meetings are all that remains The complex and difficult situations which have been from them. and are I>eing created in the world face our Party and our Of course, it is essential that the international eco• socialist state with the duty of maintaining the revolu• nomic relations are changed. This is the desire and demand tionary vigilance always at a high level, and taking of the peoples who are fighting to break free from the measures for the all-round strengthening of the economy chains of neo-colonialism. But in what way can these and defence, and the unity and political consciousneas of be achieved? The revisionists and other opportunists pre• the people. These situations, likewise, demand tliat our tend that this can be achieved by means of propaganda, foreign policy should be active, should ever better serve by means of the education of capitalists, and by means of the defence of the interests of the Homeland and the vic• talks. The opinion that a new international order can be tories of socialism, the advance of the cause of the revo• achieved through moralizing sermons is not only beyond lution, the liberation of the peoples and peace in the world, any bounds of reality and possibility, but also an ill-in• and the support of all those processes which assist the tentioned fraud. The correct course is the struggle of the emancipation and progress of present-day human society. peoples to defend their rights to the end, resolute opposition Our foreign policy, as the policy of a socialist state, to the neo-colonialist plunder, the taking over and the of a truly free society without exploiting classes, is a re• sovereign administration of the national assets. Only thus volutionary and internationalist policy. It is free from can the undeveloped countries impose their just demands the slightest sign of narrow bourgeois nationalism, chau• for equal exchanges in the economic field, collaboration vinism, national exclusiveness, or of underration of other with mutual benefit, etc., on the big imperialist and ca• peoples. The Albanian people have respect for every people pitalist powers. and wish all peoples well. The big imperialist powers, together with those not The People's Socialist Republic of Albania firmly quite so big, think and theorize that it is they who have upholds the principle that each people has the right to the fate of notions and mankind in their hands and act choose its own course of development and decide its own accordingly, and on this basis they seek to subjugate the fate in a sovereign way. peoples. These aggressive powers underestimate the As a completely free country, socialist Albania says strength of the peoples. Their vision is obscured and they what it thinks openly, without any hesitation and with do not want to see that every advance of the peoples complete sincerity. It applies a sovereign foreign policy towards opposing the twofold oppression and enslavement, which is not restricted by political pacts, military treaties external and internal, makes a breach which will be or closed economic organizations. It does not base its widened in the wall of the capitalist and imperialist prison. economic and political development, its defence and its American imperialism and Soviet social-imperialism future on the credits, loans or aid from other states, but make great efforts to appear as two invincible superpowers. on its own forces. True, they have great military and economic potential, in• As a result of this, the voice of Albania has always fluence and interfere in the internal affairs of other peoples been a free, realistic and objective voice in a world where and states, but to have weapons, to have dollars or rubles the dependence on and subjugation of many states to big does not mean that you have invincible power. The im• imperialist powers restrict and distort any independent perialist superpowers must be appraised as they really thought or action. are, neither underestimating nor overestimating them. They During the period since the 7th Congress of the Party, are powerful and ferocious, but they are also in decay, they our state, basing itself on the well-known principles of are worm-eaten and degenerate, and their foundations are equality, respect for sovereignty, non-interference in in• shalty. ternal affairs and reciprocal benefit, has extended its dip• World capital is making great efforts to escape the lomatic, commercial and cultural relations with an ever crisis, to protect itself from the peoples' liberation strug• greater number of states and has steadily increased its gles and from the revolution, this terrible iron grip which exchanges with them in various fields. Today the People's has it by the throat and is strangling it. But escape is im- Socialist Republic of Albania maintains diplomatic rela• possiible, because it is the capitalist system itself which tions with 95 states, EIS against 74 states with which it creates political, economic and ideological crises and which maintained relations at the time of the 7th Congress of fuels them and intensifies them to the highest degree. In the Party. order to emerge from the chaos which capitalism creates, to escape once and for all capitalist oppression and exploi• The policy of our Party and our sociaUst state has tation, the neo-colonialist yoke of foreigners and the do• been and always will be for the continuous strengthening of sincere relations of friendship and collaboration with 20 m 6 (61), 1981 ALBANIA TODAY all the freedom-loving and peace-loving peoples, with all As is natural and understandable, our Party and Go• those who fight against the aggressive and hegemonic poli• vernment have devoted special care to relations with cy of imperialists. It is for the development of sincere col• neighbouring countries and, in a wider framework, with laboration with all those countries which wish it well and the European countries. Our stands towards them are maintain a correct attitude towards it. known and they do not alter. At all times and in every Our Party and country are opposed to all those im• situation, the aim of the foreign policy of Albania has perialist and neo-colonialist practices of inequality, discri• been to contribute as much as possible to the strengthening mination and great-state dictate in international relations. of peace and international security on our continent and We believe that the relations between states, whether to the strengthening of collaboration amongst its peoples. big or small, should be free from any kind of economic, We have said and still say that the participation of the majority of the countries of Europe in the military and political or military pressure and dictate, and should the political blocs of the superpowers is the cause of its serve their economic, cultural and social development, the misfortune. This is where the divisions and splits in strengthening of friendship between sovereign peoples and Europe, the frequent tensions and confrontations between states, and the interests of the maintenance and streng• different countries of this continent have their thening of peace in the world. source. Our socialist state has been and is for the normal and free development of international trade on the basis That policy which seeks to persuade the European of equality and reciprocal benefit. Our country is for peoples that by sheltering under the atomic umbrellas of balanced trade exchanges without discrimination or restric• the superpowers, their freedom, national independence and tive measures, therefore it has expressed its opposition the general peace are allegedly guaranteed, is an extre• to unequal relations in trade exchanges, to the manipu• mely dangerous policy and a fraud. This policy does not lation of prices and, in general, to machinations and at• ensure these things, but sacrifices them. The fact is that tempts by any state at all, which aims to exploit trade in the name of future security, present-day security has relations as a means of pressure in order to dictate its been sacrificed, sovereignty has been crippled and the own political will and views to the other state. freedom of action and independent stands of many Eastern We do not confuse trade exchanges with receiving of and Western states in the international arena have been aid and credits. These are two separate, unconnected restricted. things. The Helsinki Declaration has been presented to the The way we understand and carry on foreign trade, European countries as a guarantee of their independence leaves the Albanian state a free hand to act and decide and sovereignty and a means to ensure peace. We have for itself, to have its say just as it thinks and to build clearly expressed our attitude towards the Helsinki Confe• the country with its own forces as it desires. rence and the so-called European security. Socialist Alba• Our country has concluded a series of cultural nia did not take part in it and denounced it as a farce agreements with many countries and carries on regular hatched up by the two superpowers with the objective of exchanges in the fields of art, culture, science, sports, etc. guaranteeing and strengthening their respective spheres These exchanges have served to acquaint our peoples re• of influence in Europe, of legalizing and perpetuating their ciprocally with one another's achievements and progress. domination on this continent. The events that have oc• Our people value and utilize everything good and progres• curred in Europe and around it since the Helsinki Confe• sive which other peoples have. Progressive experience rence have completely corroborated and justified the stand and culture are the treasure of all mankind. At the same 01 Albania. Time has shown that the so-called KHelsinM time, we make efforts to acquaint the other peoples with spirits, -"peaceful collaboration"-, «the free circulation of the values of our culture, too, which is as ancient as it is people and ideas», etc., were nothing but hollow-sounding progressive. slogans to deceive the European peopfes, to arouse the il• It is the principled and independent internal and fo• lusion in them that the danger of war is allegedly being reign policy of our Party and socialist state, their just removed and that the maintenance of the imperialist status stands on international issues, their struggle on the side quo in Europe is their salvation. of the peoples and against imperialism, which have Our view is that only resolute opposition to American strengthened the international position of Albania and imperialism and Soviet social-imperialism, the liquidation of raised its prestige. military blocs and the removal of atomic weapons and fo• The word and deed of Albania are listened to and reign troops can ensure the peace in Europe. welcomed with respect by the peoples and workers of dif• The problems of the Balkans are the same as those which ferent countries, because they are in conformity with their are worrying Europe as a whole, but here, because of the own interests and aspirations. That is why the peoples strategic position which this peninsula occupies and the old and progressive opinion throughout the world prize and feuds, the conflicts are more acute and the dangers approve this policy, why the countries and states with dif• greater. ferent social systems follow it with interest and admire it, The situation is made even more complicated by the while reaction and the Soviet, Yugoslav and other mo• fact that the superpowers, proceeding from their hegemonic dern revisionists attack it. interests and their desire to transform the Balkans -"perma- ALBANIA TODAY 6 (61), 1981 • 21 nently into a powder keg», are trying to arouse chauvinist through the fault of the Yugoslav leading circles. The present passions and sentiments, to set the Balkan peoples and coim- deterioration in the relations between the PSR of Albania tries against one another, to prevent the relations between and SFR of Yugoslavia also is a consequence of chauvinist them from developing normally and in a positive direction, actions of the Belgrade authorities towards the population and to undermine the strengthening of friendship between of Kosova and their incitement of a new campaign of hos• neighbouring peoples. tility against our country. The dangers in the Balkans are increased especially due As far as the People's Socialist Republic of Albania is to the participation of some countries of this region in the concerned, the attitudes and behaviour of Yugoslavs military and economic blocs of the superpowers, the exis• towards it will not make it waver from its principles or tence of foreign military bases, and permitting the American make it change course. Its desire is that the state relations and Soviet fleets to enter their territorial waters and stay in in different fields between the two countries should de• their ports, etc. velop normally. However, this will depend on the stand Such developments create tensions and are fraught with o[ Yugoslavia towards socialist Albania and on its treat• dangers for the Balkan peoples. In every direction and ment of the Albanians of Kosova and other parts of Yu• aspect they are in opposition to the sincere efforts and goslavia. desires of the peoples of the Balkans for the establishment The problem of the Albanians who live on their own of trust, understanding and genuine collaboration between territories in Yugoslavia is not a problem of a -«minority>>- the countries of our peninsula. which has immigrated to or settled somewhere in an The People's Socialist Republic of Alljania upholds the <-empty»- zone as an economic immigration, is not a result view that at present the genuine aspirations of the of the onslaught of the Ottoman Empire, nor of the natural peoples of the Balkans, peace and stability in this zone, demographic increase of Albanians, which is worrying the can be served best by not allowing the imperiaUst su• Great-Serb neo-Malthusians. The Albanians in Yugoslavia perpowers to interfere in the internal affairs of the coun• constitute an ethnos, a people formed centuries ago, who tries of our region and by taking concrete and constructive have their own history, language and culture, an autochtho• steps for the positive development of relations on the basis nous people who, as is known, were cut up and were se• of the good neighbour policy. The situation in the Balkans parated from their Motherland by the imperialist great would be greatly improved if the Balkan countries un• powers and annexed to Yugoslavia. This nobody can con• dertake officially not to allow the superpowers to threaten ceal. Any other interpretation is arbitrary, a flagrant and or endanger other neighbouring countries from their terri• harmful falsification of history. tories. In the future, just as in the past, socialist Albania The Albanian people did not allow the fascist occupiers will consistently adhere to this policy and will make every or anyone else to determine the Motherland of the Albanian effort to ensure that mutual respect and genuine under• ethnos. The Albanians have fought unceasingly for cen• standing prevail in its relations with the neighbouring turies against many savage enemies, much greater in states. numbers, in order to defend their national identity and Albania has been guided by these principles and these their very existence. In all these wars, both in defeat and aims in its relations with Yugoslavia, too. It has been in victory, in the long years of enslavement, throughout predisposed to and has made all efforts for the normal their history, the Albanian people have never lost their and correct development of good neighbourly relations, national identity and national consciousness, their com• such as those in the field of trade, transfiort, cultural ex• pactness and unity. In all circumstances they have mani• changes and in other fields of mutual interest. fested these things with an extraordinary and exemplary In our relations with Yugoslavia we have always pro• vitality. ceeded from the fact that our peoples have been living The empires and the great powers were quite unable beside one another for centuries, that frequently in history to wipe out the compact ethnos of Albanians, nor were they have had a common fate, that when foreign invaders they able to assimilate them or to alter their culture, have attacked one they have not spared the other. As a language, habits and customs. The very existence of the result of these things, irrespective of the ideological and Albanian people proves this. History shows that without political contradictions which have existed and still exist any support from foreign powers, which have always between our two ooimtries and which are already known been opposed to them, the Albanian people have fought world wide, irrespective of the ideological polemic which successfully for the freedom and compactness of their has been and is being developed by the two sides, we nation, to defend their independence as a sovereign state, always seek to live in peace with Yugoslavia, as good their culture and their own natural and legitimate rights. neighbours, without interference in each other's internal af• At all times they have achieved victory only by fighting fairs and respecting the rights of each. and shedding their blood for it. The policy of socialist Albania towards Yugoslavia has During the Second World War, the Albanian people always been constant, unaltered in its foundations and and the peoples of Yugoslavia fought together and as principles. If there have been ups and downs, improve• close comrades-in-arms against the Itahan and the Ger• ments and deteriorations in Albanian-Yugoslav relations, man fascist invaders. The Albanians who live in Yugoslavia this has come about not through any fault of ours, but also fought heroically together with us and all the peoples I
The report submitted by Comrade ENVER HOXHA was frequently interrupU
of Yugoslavia against the same enemies. Not only did they in the Marxist-Leninist way. Our communist parties, which fight together, but our National Liberation Army went to led the National Liberation War in the two countries, were the aid of the Yugoslav partisans and the Kosova bro• a guarantee for this. However, our belief in the «com- thers, and the blood of the sons and daughters of the Alba• munism and internationalism* of the Yugoslav leaders, nian people was shed on their land. We acted as the Com• our trust in their words, proved to be unjustified. In fact, munist Party of Albania taught us, with a high level of the leadership of the Communist Party of Yugoslairta never consciousness and internationalist spirit. We thought that tooli a proper Marxist-Leninist view of the question of the peoples of our two countries would win freedom in the future of the Albanians in Yugoslavia, therefore this this way, that enslavement would be eliminated and the question was bound to be settled, as it was settled, in a tragic mistakes of past history would be corrected. We wrong and distorted fashion, in an utterly anti-Marxist, believed that after the victory everything would be settled nationalist and chauvinist way. 6 (61), 1981 • 23
the ally of the peoples of Yugoslavia directly interested in this question — people's Albania. Contrary to the •"policy of national equality* proclaimed at the 2nd Meeting of the AVNOJ, the leadership of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia unjustly violated the will of the Albanians in Yugoslavia, expressed at the meeting of the 1st Founding Conference of the National Liberation Council for Kosova and Metohia, held at Bujan from December 31, 1943 to January 2, 1944, which was completely in conformity with the right of -"self-determination up to secession* of the peoples who constituted Yugoslavia, and which had been defined in the fundamental documents of the Communist Party and the National Liberation Movement of Yu• goslavia. In regard to consultation with people's Albania on tlie settlement of this historical problem, the Yugoslav lea• dership apriori considered it unnecessary. It was against such consultation, because it knew that a principled Marx• ist-Leninist friendly discussion between the leaderships of our two countries, taldng also Into account the free will of the Allsanians living on their own land in Yugoslavia, would lead to a just solution and not to an arbitrary chauvinist and nationalist solution, such as that which the Yugoslav leadership undertook. After the war, in 1946, a delegation from our country, which I headed, paid the first official visit to Yugoslavia. In the talks which were held with Tito on this occasion, he wanted to know what I thought about the solution of the question of Kosova and the other Albanian regions in Yugoslavia. I expressed the opinion of the Albanian side that Kosova and the other regions inhabited by the Albanians belonged to Albania and should be returned to It. The Albanians fought to have a free and sovereign Albania, with which the Albanian regions in Yugoslavia should now be united. President Tito replied: *I agree with your view, but we cannot do this for the time being, because the Serbs would not understand us.* This official promise of Tito's on this great Issue of principle was not accompanied with any further action on the part of the Yugoslavs. The whole thing was a fraud on their part.
The fundamental error of a nationalist and chauvinist ^by the applause of the delegates to the Congress. character of the Yugoslav leadership, wWch was followed by other equally grave errors In connection with the le• gitimate and natural rights of Albanians who are now accused by the Great-Serbs of b^ng -"chauvinist*, -"na• tionalist* and *ilrredentlst*, lies in the wrong solution at The wrong solution of this great Issue of principle began JaJce. In the dividing up of Albanian territories and in at the 2nd Meeting of the Anti-fascist National Liberation the denial of the expression of the free will of the Council of Yugoslavia, held at Jajce, In November 1943, Albanians. The recent events In Kosova and the other where the Albanian regions in Yugoslavia were used as a Albanian regions In Yugoslavia have their source In this means to adjust the proportions of the territories and very wrong and anti-Leninist solution of the national populations of the republics of the Federation, and more question in Yugoslavia, and especially In regard to the precisely of Serbia, Macedonia and Montenegro. The future Albanian entity of about 2 million inhabitants, nearly as of the Albanians in Yugoslavia was decided apriori from many as the total population of the People's Socialist Re• above, without the approval and self-determination of the public of Albania. Albanian people of Kosova and the other Albanian regions Right from the start, Serbian, Montenegrine and Ma• of Yugoslavia, and without the slightest consultation with cedonian chauvinism followed a savage nationalist policy 24 • 6 (61), 1981 ALBANIA TODAY of oppression and discrimination against Albanians in all economic situation, savage national oppression is being directions, in education, culture, the economy, etc. imposed on the Kosovars and all the other Albanians in Even in the period v/hen there were good relations Yugoslavia more than at any other time. A reign of between our country and Yugoslavia and between the two terror has been established over them, the Serbian police parties, the problem of the Albanians in Yugoslavia was and army have been poured in and the jails are packed a -"ball and chain» on the legs of the Yugoslavs. They did with young men and women. The measures which are not examine the Albanians' demands and causes of com• continually being taken are directed not only towards the plaint, did not settle them politically through understand• elimination of any legitimate rights and those few gains ing, but settled them with violence, with savage adminis• which appeared in the development of education and cul• trative measures. The Albanians were accused of national• ture, but also towards the denationalization of the ism and this was done to cover up the Serbian chauvinism Albanians in Yugoslavia. And this is being done by those and nationalism. Nothing can cover up or justify the who claim that they respect the documents of the Helsinki bloody reprisals against the Albanians of Yugoslavia in Conference about freedoms and human rights. World 1945, 1968 and again in 1981, the discrimination imposed opinion must not remain indifferent, but ought to be upon them, leaving them in poverty, the national oppres• alarmed about this tragic situation of the Albanian po• sion, the denial of their rights and great discrimination pulation in Yugoslavia. in the field of education and culture. The falling into After all, what did the Albanians demcind in the mass disgrace of the Great-Serb group of Rankovic in 1966, and demonstrations which were held in various tovras and later that of the other Great-Serb group of Nikezic marks villages of Kosova? the period of the Titoites' political demagogy towards The Albanians in Yugoslavia have demanded more Kosova and the Kosovars. The need to balance the va• than once, through jjeaoeful demonstrations and without de• rious forces within the Federation led to a certain formal monstrations, that their constitutional, economic and socio- revision of the status of Kosova which, from a simple re• cultural situation should be corrected and put on the right gion of Serbia, was called an «autonomous» region of road within the laws of the Federation. They demanded Serbia. the status of a Republic within the SFRY. They did not Whether the Serbs liked it or not, this new situation demand either secession from the Federation or unification gave the Albanians in Yugoslavia, and especially the Ko• with Albania. However, the just and lawful demands of sovars, possibilities to extend their schooling, to set up the students, workers, peasants and intellectuals of Kosova the University of Prishtina, to develop their culture, to went unheeded. Moreover, as at other times when they learn the history of their people, to establish contacts and had presented such lawrful and just demands, they were educational-cultural and economic relations with Albania, described as nationalist, were persecuted and bloodily sup• on the basis of the laws of the Federation and official pressed. agreements between the PSRA and the SFRY. However, Can these problems be solved in this way in our times? the economic base of the Autonomous Socialist Region of Never. It is impossible to keep a people, whose territory Kosova still remained too weak and was neglected. Its contains great wealth and is plundered by others, in poverty assets were still unscrupulously exploited by the other and want. It is impossible to keep a valiant people, like republics of the Federation, especially by Serbia. All the the Albanians, under the threat of tanks and bayonets. -"Solutions"-, which were presented with great clamour It is impossible to distort or eliminate their history and during this period, were unavailing, temporary and useful ancient culture. It is impossible to wipe out their patriotic only to Belgrade and Skoplje. According to the oc• sentiments and love for their Homeland. casion, without saying so openly, they were considered either If the present Yugoslav leadership proceeds on the as -"Opportunist concessions of Tito's^, as occurred among course it has chosen and is pursuing, the opposition of the the Serbs, or as -"Victories achieved thanks to Tito>»-, as Albanians will continue, will grow and become even more they were loudly proclaimed by some Albanian leaders of acute. Only a solution of the national question, which is the Autonomous Socialist Region of Kosova. Meanwhile well considered by the two sides without passion, a solu• the masses of Albanians did not nurse many illusions, tion which is accepted and approved by the people of because what was given them was very little compared Kosova, can eliminate this very complicated situation with the major rights which they had been denied and which has been created not by the people jof Kosova, but robbed of. , by Great-Serb chauvinism. The people of Kosova proposed The events which have occurred since the death of the fairest and most suitable solution in this situation, Tito have shown how wrongly and on what an anti- which is difficult for Yugoslavia and for themselves. The Marxist course the national question in Yugoslavia, and demand to raise Kosova to the status of a Republic within especially the question of the Albanians, had been settled. the Federation is a just demand. It does not threaten the A heavy and bloody blow was dealt to their lawful de• existence of the Federation. Instead of being reasonable, mands, recognized in the Constitution, by the Serbian the Serbian and Yugoslav chiefs sent in the tanks, shed the chauvinist leadership and the whole Yugoslav leadership people's blood and now they are going ahead on a-wide after the demonstrations which were held in Kosova in scale with their famous differentiation, that is, police March and April this year. Now, apart from the deplorable investigations: who was for and who was against de- ALBANIA TODAY 6 (61), 1981 • 25
monstrations. To act in this way, first with terror and then The People's Socialist Republic of Albania has de• allegedly with •«differentiation>^, means to try to inti• voted special care to strengthening friendly relations with midate the masses who cannot be intimidated, to elimi• Greece. In recent years these relations have assumed nate their patriotism which cannot be eliminated, to have further development in all fields. Commercial exchanges the illusion that you have calmed the situation when you have been extended and are developing successfully to have aroused indignation and anger, to think that you have the advantage of both sides. The collaboration in the brought ^trustworthy people* into the state power which field of culture, the coming and going of artistic groups, you have purged of «nationalists>>-, etc., when you have the reciprocal visits of people of art, education and science, only impelled the whole people to silent resistance, who have assisted our peoples to become better acquainted with one another's achievements and progress. They have tomorrow will raise their voices with greater force against served to strengthen the ancient and traditional friendship the atrocities which are being committed. The Yugoslav which links our two countries. Convinced that the rela• leaders do not want to understand this situation. tions of friendship and understanding between Albania Because we state these truths openly and demand that and Greece fully respond to the common interests and the problem of Kosova and all the Albanians in Yugoslavia, aspirations of our peoples, the PSR of Albania virill make which has been settled wrongly, should be restudied with every effort to extend and develop these relations in the cool heads, avoiding the use of violence and terror, because future. we demand an end to the persecutions and the release We note with satisfaction that the Greek government from jail of the boys and girls of Kosova, they accuse the and the Greek people also are predisposed to and desire PSR of Albania of interfering in the internal affairs of Yugoslavia and even of inciting the disturbances in Kosova that the relations between our two countries should and elsewhere! And how is it allegedly inciting these proceed on the basis of friendship and good neighbourliness. disturbances? By means of official educational and cul• The sentiments of the Albanian people and the Greek tural relations. They even go so far as to claim that the people are in accord in many directions. They wish each PSR of Albania is making common cause with Albanian other well and rejoice at each other's progress, proceed• political reaction in exile, which we have always fought ing from the principle that each is master in his own house with all our strength. and his own affairs. The friendship between the Albanian The People's Socialist Republic of Albania has never people and the Greek people is a lasting friendship, which interfered in the internal affairs of Yugoslavia. The op• will unceasingly be strengthened and flourish in the in• posite has occurred. The Yugoslav revisionists plotted to terests of our peoples and peace and security in the Balkans, bring about the liquidation of the leadership of the Com• Efforts by anyone to break this friendship will fail. We are munist Party of Albania and the incorporation of Albania convinced that now all the conditions and possibilities into the Yugoslav Federation as its 7th Republic, aiming in have been created, so that through common efforts any this way, through an annexationist and imperialist course, obstacle can be removed and broad avenues of development to resolve the problem of the whole Albanian nation of fruitful relations with mutual benefit can be opened once and for all. However, these plots did not succeed between our two friendly coimtries. and they will never succeed. Albania is not and never wiU We are ready to work with Italy for the further de• become a means of regulation to calm the conflicts and velopment of normal relations in conformity with the aspi• contradictions between the Yugoslav clans. It belongs to rations and interests of our two neighbouring peoples. its people, a people full of vitality, valiant and patriotic, Many links have existed between Albania and Italy in who fear no one. various fields, such as those of trade, transport and cul• Albania has never made territorial claims against Yu• tural exchanges, etc. Our peoples have always wished to goslavia, and no demand for border readjustments can~be live in peace and friendship with one another. Although found in its documents. While maintaining this stand, several times in the course of history they have been di• however, we have not denied and never will deny the vided and set at loggerheads, they have tried to come to• fact that a good part of the Albanian nation and people gether, to collaborate and strengthen the atmosphere of lives in Yugoslavia. We have defended the legitimate trust and mutual understanding. rights of our Albanian brothers across the border and we The possibilities exist for further progress in Albanian- shall continue to defend them in the future with all our Italian relations. It is our desire that they proceed well, might and in a Marxist-Leninist way, and this is not in• but this depends also on the predisposition and interest terference in the internal Jiffairs of Yugoslavia. This is our of the Italian side to collaborate with Albania in a new undeniable right. spirit, in friendship and complete equality. The question of Kosova is a tragedy. The Yugoslav The relations of our cotmtry with the Republic of authorities must cease their terror and persecution of the Turkey have developed and are developing more and more Albanians, eliminate the national oppression, and recognize in the spirit of friendship and collaboration. The growing all the rights due to them. To solve the problems justly, goodwill and respect between our two peoples and coun• they must talk calmly, without heat and on terms of tries create a good basis for the further extension and equality with the Albanian population in Yugo• strengthening of these relations in the future. slavia. During their history, the Albanian people and the 26 • 6 (61), 1981 ALBANIA TODAY
Turkish people have had friendly links and affinities part of both sides over certain questions that remain with each other. The Turkish people, who have an an• suspended since the Second World War, this situation can cient history and culture, have had great respect for the be put in order. valiant men of Albania, for the scholars, philosophers, sta• The profound principled ideological and political di• tesmen, architects, writers and poets of Albanian birth sagreements of our Party and state with the countries of or origin, who have made their contribution to the ef• Eastern Europe are well-known. While not relinquishing forts of the Turkish people for progress. the struggle against modern revisionism, we are for the The Albanian people have special admiration and res• normal development of relations, for trade exchanges on pect for Mustafa Kemal Atatiirk, that outstanding per• the basis of equality and reciprocal benefit with Ru• sonality and statesman, who, with great courage and ins• mania, Czechoslovakia, Polajid, the German Democratic pired by democratic progressive ideas, liberated Turkey Republic, Bulgaria and Hungary. and its valiant people from the complex of enslaving other A sincere and ancient friendship hnks the Albanian peoples, which characterized the Sultans' empire, conso• people with the fraternal Arab peoples. We have sup• lidated the unity and genuine independence of the Tur• ported and will continue to support to the end and ener• kish nation and set Turkey on the coifrse of democracy getically the just struggle of the Arab peoples for the and progress. liberation of the Arab territories occupied by the Israeli The Albanian people have been aware of the feelings Zionist aggressors and the re-establishment of all the le• of goodwill towards Albania held by Kemal Atatiirk who gitimate rights of the martyred Palestinian people. In the opposed King Zog, the tyrant of the Albanian people. People's Socialist Republic of Albania and in the Alba• The sincere friendship of the Turkish people towards nian people, the heroic Palestinian people and their law• the Albanian people and the lofty spirit of Atatiirk can ful representative, the Palestine Liberation Organization, be seen clearly in their fraternal sheltering of hundreds have had and will always have sincere friends and re• of thousands of our brothers from Kosova, who were solute defenders of their just national cause. driven from their lands in Yugoslavia. We thank the fra• We note with particular satisfaction the friendly de• ternal Turkish people for this and for their friendship velopment of the relations of our country with Algeria, towards the Albanian people, a friendship which is reci• Syria, Iraq, Libya, Lebanon, Tunisia, Egypt and other procal. Arab countries. We desire that these relations should find Positive new steps have been made in our friendly re• further concretization and development. Likewise, the Peo• lations with the French Republic. We appreciate the ef• ple's Socialist Republic of Albania is for friendly relations forts of the ever more numerous well-wishers of Albania with the Islamic Republic of Iran and will spare no ef• in France to strengthen the friendship between our two forts for their development and strengthening. peoples. The Albanian people, for their part, nurture The Albanian people and their government have friendly feelings and have respect for the talented French welcomed and supported the just struggle of the African people, for their revolutionary traditions and their pro• peoples to eradicate colonialism and racism from the con• gress. tinent of Africa and have supported the efforts of the As in the past, we sincerely desire that the relations freedom-loving peoples of African countries to cope with of our state with Austria, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Den• the aggressive, neo-colonialist and predatory policy and mark, Switzerland, Belgium, Holland and Portugal should activity of imperialism. With Tanzania, Guinea, Mali, Zam• be further developed and extended in the positive and bia, Zimbabwe, and other friendly countries of Africa, friendly direction they have taken in recent years. the People's Socialist Republic of Albania malntaiJis The post-Second World War British governments have friendly relations and is for further development of adopted hostile, anti-democratic stands towards new Alba• them. nia. Apart from this, they seized the Albanian gold Our country has good relations also with a number plundered by the Hitlerites and to this day are still ex• of countries of Asia. With the Socialist Republic of Viet• ploiting it in their own interests, by not returning it to nam, with Laos and the Democratic People's Republic of the rightful owner, socialist Albania. Korea, our relations are developing in a friendly way and In these circumstances, can there be any talk of di• we express our desire that they should be further streng• plomatic relations between the People's Socialist Repu• thened in the future. blic of Albania and Britain? The British Government In regard to Cambodia, our Party and state have must immediately return the gold to Albania together condemned the bloodthirsty activities of the Pol Pot cli• with the interests accrued from the arbitrary exploitation que, a tool of the Chinese social-imperialists. We hope of it. Let no one doubt that socialist Albania wiU defend that the Cambodian people will surmount the difficulties its interests and will fight against injustices which have they are encountering as soon as possible and decide their been or are being done to it. own fate and future in complete freedom without any There are no Insurmountable difficulties to the es• -i'guardian>>. tablishment of diplomatic relations between the People's Now it is known world-wide that, apart from formal Socialist Republic of Albania and the Federal Republic diplomatic relations, there are no other concrete relations of Germany. We believe that with understanding on the between our country and China. This situation has been ALBANIA TODAY 6 (61), 1981 m 27
created through no fault of ours. It is a consequence of the shall always continue our resolute struggle for the ex• hostile, anti-Albanian policy and activity of the Chinese posure of their aggressive and hegemonic policy and leadership. activity. The establishment of diplomatic relations with Japan In the future too, the People's Socialist Republic of also creates the conditions and opens the way to the de• Albania will continue to work for the development of velopment of trade between our two countries. the international relations in the positive direction. In The People's Socialist Republic of Albania has nor• this spirit, it will spare no efforts in the United Nations mal relations with Mexico, Peru, Argentina, Panama, and Organization and other international organizations to other countries of Latin America. It is ready to establish make its contribution to the defence of the interests and such relations also with other states of this continent aspirations of the peoples. which are for a friendly approach and for trade and The principled foreign policy followed by our Party cultural exchanges with our country. and country expresses the aspirations of the Albanian peo• With the United States of America and the Soviet ple and enjoys their complete and boimdless support and Union, which are the most ferocious enemies of the backing. In the future, too, our Party will struggle for freedom and independence of the peoples and of peace the consistent and resolute implementation of this policy, and security in the world, our country does not maintain which ensures the freedom, independence and national and will not maintain any relations. As in the past, we sovereignty of our people.
V THE STRUGGLE AGAINST REVISIONISM. THE REVOLUTIONARY AND LIBERATION MOVEMENT AT THE PRESENT STAGE
In the period since the 7th Congress, our Party, try from revisionism and to take more effective and ap• standing loyal as ever to IVIarxism-Leninism and pro• propriate measures to avert these dangers. They have letarian internationalism, has continued the struggle also helped in the education of the communisls and the against modern revisionism uninterruptedly. The ideologi• masses, the enhancement of their theoretical level and the cal and political criticism against Khrushchevite, Chinese, tempering of their revolutionary consciousness. The more Yugoslav and West-European modern revisionism has been profound knowledge of the strategy and tactics of impe• made more profound. The historical and socio-economic rialism and revisionism have made our struggle in defence conditions of the birth and spread of these trends have of the cause of the proletariat and the peoples even more been brought out more clearly, and the process of dege• effective. neration of those communist parties which took the course The correctness of the course which our Party chose of revisionism, their mistakes and concessions in strategy right from the start to oppose revisionism and fight it and tactics, have been analysed more extensively. The to the end has been and is being proved more and more connection of modem revisionism with the strategy which each day by the political degeneration and the profound imperialism adopted after the Second World War for the ideological crisis of modern revisionism, by the grave eco• destruction of socialism and the suppression of the revo• nomic situation and the impasse in which the revisionist lution and the people's liberation movement, has been parties and the countries where they are in power have proved in the light of facts from the past and the present. landed. These analyses and conclusions have helped the Party When our Party began the struggle against Khrushche^ to recognize more clearly the dangers which threaten so• vite revisionism, the communist parties which made com• cialism and the dictatorship of the proletariat in our oun- mon cause with Khrushchev looked, more or less, like a 28 • 6 (61), 1981 ALBANIA TODAY
united bloc, with a single line, which was that of the 20th cause of the circumstances, it was called upon to build Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. the new Yugoslavia on the socialist road. Today, however, 20 years later, they are split and divided If you listen to the self-praise of the Titoites and into many trends and factions, are fighting and clashing the Yugoslav bourgeoisie you might believe that such a with one another and have been overwhelmed by bour• party has existed and still exists. Like the others, we Al• geois nationalism and social-democratic opportunism. banian communists also fell for this euphoric judgement, These former communist parties have been transformed especially during the time of the war and in the first either into genuine parties of the new bourgeoisie ruling post-Liberation years. This judgement had its own logic, in the countries where the revisionists are in power, or linked with the heroic fight of the peoples of Yugoslavia, into component parts of the structures of the bourgeois which was led by the Communist Party. state, as in the old capitalist countries. The crisis of After the liberation of Yugoslavia major deviations modern revisionism is a direct expression of the crisis from the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism appeared, of capitalism and the bourgeois ideology in general. in theory, in political stands, and in the construction of The revisionist betrayal and the restoration of ca• socialism. Likewise, in its relations with the socialist pitalism in a series of former socialist countries have countries, especially with Albania, grave deviations and created great confusion about the problem of socialism, an arrogance and conceit alien to a communist party were which is the nub of the ideological struggle going on in observed in the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. the world today. The problem is that the revisionists pre• It was clear that this course would eventually lead sent the capitalist society re-established in their countries to a split, as it did, not for any fault of the Information as a pure socialist society, as --real socialismx-, and as Bureau, or Stalin and -"Stalinism*, as the Yugoslav re• <• developed»•, or moreover «very highly developed* so• visionists and their friends like to describe Marxism-Lenin- cialism. The fact that many parties and different political ism. The conflict with the Information Bureau was a result forces, which are far removed from scientific socialism, of contradictions between the liberal-opportunist views of talis; about socialism, as well as the efforts which the the Yugoslav leadership and the Marxist-Leninist views bourgeoisie and its propaganda make to distort the true on the construction of the socialist state and socialist so• socialist ideals and to alienate the masses from the strug• ciety. Tito and his associates gave to their opposition to gle for the triumph of these ideals, add even more to the Marxist-Leninist theory the colour of opposition, first, this confusion. towards Stalin, and later, towards the Soviet socialist Clarity on this question, the establishment of a clear- system. cut dividing line between genuine socialism and pseudo- The Titoites' change of course had to be and was socialism, is of capital importance to waging the struggle made. They took the course towards capitalism by adopt• of the working class and the working masses successfully. ing and commencing the building of a -"new* socio-eco• If it does not have a clear concept of socialist society, nomic structure and a new form of state government ap• if it does not abide by its principles and universal laws, propriate to an anti-socialist course, and this was the the revolution stops half-way. The revolution may be system of -"workers' self-administration*. In fact this was carried out, but when it lacks the genuine socialist pers• not a new system. It was neither socialist nor a Yugoslav pective it can deviate, and the struggle and sacrifices creation. It originated from Proudhonism, from Bakhunin made for its triumph will be in vain. and Kropotldn's anarchism, that Marx in his time, and The first trend of revisionism in power, whicli set later Lenin, and still later Stalin, had thoroughly ex• itself the task of undermining socialism, was Yugoslav posed. revisionism, which emerged at a key moment of the Sensational claims were made and unprecedented ho- struggle between socialism and imperialism. Scmnas shouted about the Yugoslav turn towards capital• The roots of Yugoslav revisionism go back a long way. ism, while glory was heaped upon «Barabbas*. The Yu• It did not appear for the first time in 1948, nor did goslav deviation was trumpeted as a -"new period*, as it come about as a reaction against -"Stalinism* or as a a -"new trail* blazed by Tito for the construction of a consequence of actions of the Information Bureau. It is a «humane*, -"specific socialism*. This turn was sup• consequence of bourgeois outlooks which existed much ported and financed by imperialism and world capital• earlier in the Communist Party of Yugoslavia and were not ism. Pan-Yugoslav megalomania was fanned up and eliminated during the National Liberation War. Yugoslavia was presented as a -"champion of and exam• The new Yugoslavia could not be built without a clear ple for thP peoples of the world in their liberation orientation and without political maturity based on the struggle.* scientific theory of socialism. Only a strong communist In the forms and the terminology used in its structure party with sound Marxist-Leninist principles could carry and superstructure, the whole « people's democracy, which was a form of the dictator• means of production. According to them, the socialized ship of the proletariat, but which was never described as ownership of means of production, which exists in the such in Yugoslavia. The Yugoslav revisionists justified «self-administration* system, constitutes the highest form this by claiming that the state power of the people's of socialist ownership, while state ownership constitutes councils, which had been established during the war and its lowest form. The latter, they claim, can be defined as existed until 1948, could not be retained as such with a kind of state capitalism which gives birth to a new all its prerogatives. It had to be replaced with the bureaucratic caste, which in fact collectively possesses the ^workers' councils--, because, according to them, the right to ownership. Hence, they conclude, even in social• former was allegedly statist-bureaucratic, which gives ism state ownership does not eliminate the alienation of birth to ^bureaucracy and the stratum of the new bour- the worker, which is caused by capital. The capitalist geoisie^, while the -"workers' councils» were a state relationship, profit - workers' wages, is replaced with the power closer to Marx's theory. By means of these councils, relationship, state accumulation - workers' wages. In other allegedly -"it is the workers themselves who lead and words, they claim that the worker always remains a govern directly>>, without the intervention of the state, wage-slave in both social systems. which, as it must result from the logic of the Yugoslav This is a well-known Trotskyite thesis which was leadership, is not theirs. Thus, the existing Yugoslav state exposed and refuted long ago. In genuine socialist so• remains merely a -"guarantor* that this -"new system* is ciety, in which the common property is managed by the not damaged, does not disintegrate and, to this end, the state of the dictatorship of the proletariat, with the broad, Federation controls only the army, the UDB, foreign po• organized and effective participation of the working class licy and nothing else. and the other working masses, according to the principle Hence, the -"self-administration system* decentralized, of democratic centralism, and in which great differences liberalized and undermined the state of the dictatorship in the distribution of the social product, which lead to the of the proletariat. The state was a state of ^proletarians* creation of privileged strata, are not permitted, the worker and became a state of «workers>>, it was a state -«which is not a wage-slave and is not exploited. Proof of this emerged from the war, from the base* while the -«new is the reality of socialist Albania, where the working class system*, which the -"dialectical* development allegedly re• is the class in power which, under the leadership of its quired, was established from above by Tito and Marxist-Leninist party, runs the economy and the whole KardelJ. life of the country in its own interests and in the in• The leading role of the party in this system had to terests of the whole people. be liquidated and in fact it was vitiated. All that was Yugoslav «self-administration*, which allegedly makes left to the party was a wishy-washy educational role, the worker the centre of everything, is workers' -«self-ad- without any weight in the whole rigmarole. In ap• ministration» only in theory, in practice it is anti-worker, pearance the party was not eliminated, but in reality it anti-socialist. Regardless of the clamour of the Titoites, ceased to exist. It was called the ^League of Communists*, this system does not permit the working class any right so as to give it the closest possible resemblance in na• to manage or administrate. me to that used by Marx, to remove it as far as possible In Yugoslavia each «self-administrative* enterprise is in fact from the role which Marx and Lenin define for an independent organization in its economic activity, while the communist party. the policy of administration is in the hands of its leading The Titoites present the matter as though, with its group, which. Just as in any other capitalist country, ma• «self-administration*, Yugoslavia has entered the stage of nipulates the funds of accumulation and makes the de• development approaching communist society. Proceeding cisions on investments, pay, prices and distribution of the from this, they claim that the state is beginning to wither product. It is claimed that all this economic-political ac• away and the party can no longer have that role and tivity is approved by the workers through their delegates. those functions it had in the period of the transition from But this is a deception, a great fraud. These so-called capitalism to socialism. workers' delegates make common cause with the ruling Moreover, according to them, «self-administration* has caste of bureaucrats and technocrats to the detriment of also done away with the class struggle within the party, the working class and the other working masses. Those within Yugoslavia and outside it. In reality, Tito, Kardelj who make the law and determine the policy in the -< among enterprises. On this basis, the alliance between The many credits from world capitalism have also the working class and the peasantry has been under• operated in this direction. The use of them to satisfy mined, too, and the peasantry likewise divided into small the bourgeois megalomaniacal tastes and whims of the private economies and exploited by the new bourgeoisie caste in power, their unequal distribution, without sound in power. All this has created autarky in the economy, criteria, amongst the different republics created eco• anarchy in production, in the distribution of profits and nomic and social inequalities in the republics and re• investments; in the market, in prices, it has led to great gions, which have further deepened the national an• inflation and unemployment. tagonisms. The idea that the working class is in the leadership The system of «self-administration»- would not have of the system of -"workers' self-administration»- in Yu• lasted long had it not been assisted by two factors: the goslavia is a false illusion, a Utopian idea. In that system anti-Sovietism of the Yugoslav leadership, which was the working class is not in command, is not the leading nothing but its anti-Marxism and anti-Leninism through force. The dictatorship of the proletariat has been li• which it ensured the political support of the whole of quidated, the leadership of the working class, the com• world reaction, and the all-round economic support by munist party or the League of Commimists, as it is means of large credits from capitalist countries. Never• called in that country, does not run either the state, the theless, these two factors could not rescue this anti-so• economy, the culture or social life. cialist system. On the contrary, they further weakened it In that system of general confusion some other force and have driven it towards economic and political bank• has seized the dominant positions of political leadership. ruptcy. This force is the new caste of political bureaucrats and Kardelj and Tito laid the blame for the failure of technocrats from the stratum of the intelligentsia, which this system and all the evils to which it gave birth on has become bourgeois, and the worker aristocracy. It is the -Kfailure to perfect^ this system properly, on the far removed from any proletarian morality, and no po• consciousness of working people «which was still not up litical control is exerted over it. to the proper level*, the existence of the bureaucracy, This new bureaucratic stratum advertises itself as etc. They saw the bankruptcy of their anti-socialist sys• the enemy of etatist bureaucracy, although it is an even tem, but were quite unable to turn back. Hence, all the more dangerous bureaucracy, which is flourishing and measures which Tito took when he was alive, providing growing stronger in a decentralized economic system for the leadership of the Federation and the republics which protects and develops private property. after his death, are palliatives. The euphoria about the The ^workers' self-administration», which is based •«self-administration» system disappeared together with on the ideology of anarcho-syndicalism, has given birth to Tito and Kardelj. Tito's successors find themselves in republican nationalism which has gone so far as to draft great confusion and perplexity and do not know which its special laws and regulations to defend its own narrow way to turn to emerge from the difficulties afflicting their interests. The economic monopoly of the republics which is country. Now Titoite Yugoslavia is in the grip of a grave comprised of the monopoly of their enterprises and trusts, general crisis of its structures and superstructures, an eco• has turned, in fact, into a political force and into a republi• nomic and political-moral crisis. can nationalism, which is manifested not only in each re• public but in each region, each commune and each en• Soviet revisionism has been and still is the most dan• terprise. Everybody, individually and as a group and a re• gerous current of modern revisionism. More than any other public, strives to enrich himself further and more quickly variant of revisionism, it retains its sociaUst disguise and at the expense of the others at all costs. Leninist phraseology in order to cover up the present-day capitalist reality of the Soviet Union and its aggressive Bourgeois nationalism has become firmly established imperialist foreign policy. It is a revisionism which has in Yugoslavia and the slogan «unity-fraternity», which seized power in a state which is a great power and has was correct during the National Liberation War, when they ample means and possibilities to exert its influence in were fighting against the occupiers and local reaction the world, to operate in many directions and on a large for a new socialist society based on Marxism-Leninism, scale. has remained an empty slogan without any effect in the Like the other revisionist currents^ Khrushchevite re• present-day Yugoslav system which splits and divides visionism also has its own process of birth and develop• everything. The -"unity-fraternity* of peoples, nations and ment until it reached its present form of a total re• nationalities, of republics and regions, can be realized only visionism which distorts all the issues of the Marxist in a genuine socialist system which is guided by the Marx• theory and socialist practice. As a social phenomenon, ist-Leninist ideology. Khrushchevite revisionism also has its own Ideological, The Yugoslav federal union was not created on social and historical roots and causes. Marxist-Leninist foundations, hence, undoubtedly na• The Party of Labour of Albania has made a profound tional antagonisms were bound to arise, as they did in Marxist analysis of these causes. It has drawn con• fact. The system itself is the bearer of these contradictions clusions from this analysis and taken a series of mea• and nurtures the separatism of nations and nationalities, sures to bar the way to the birth of such a regressive republics and regions. phenomenon in our country. However, we must delve ALBANIA TODAY 6 (61), 1981 • 31 ever deeper into this problem in order to ensure that In order to open the way to the re-establishment of revisionism will never gain a foothold in Albania. capitalism, the Khrushchevite revisionists attacked the Right from the start, the Khrushchev group set itself fundamental theses of the Marxist-Leninist theory about as its main task to liquidate the dictatorship of the pro• commodity production and the operation of the law of letariat, to imdermine the foundations of socialist society, value in socialism. In theory and practice they identified to set the Soviet Union on the capitalist road and turn socialist commodity production with capitalist production. it into an imperialist superpower. Now we can all see On this basis, they reformed the whole economic me• this great counter-revolutionary transformation which chanism. Gradually, the economic enterprises and many has occurred in the Soviet Union. Only the bourgeoisie and institutions as well, went over to a greater independence imperialism advertise it as a communist country. By pre• from the state plans. Great powers and rights were given senting the present-day capitalist Soviet Union as a so• to the directors of various institutions and enterprises to cialist country, they want to discredit Marxism-Leninism direct and manipulate production and distribution, to and genuine socialism. employ and dismiss people, to divide the profits etc. The Krushchevite revisionism is the ideology and policy of centralized state financing of the existing enterprises was state capitalism which dominates the whole life of the restricted and the use of self-financing and credit was country. The Soviet Union's return to capitalism could not gradually extended. fail to have its own special features, and the capitalist The Soviet revisionists claim that their economy is order there could not fail to assume special forms. These managed and developed on the basis of plans, allegedly special features and forms are determined by the fact drafted according to the principle of democratic cen• that capitalism in that country was re-established as a tralism. However, the state plan, as they conceive it in result of the overthrow of socialism, as a result of a theory and apply it in practice, is not and cannot be in retrogressive process, unlike the capitalism of the clas• any way a plan of a genuine socialist economy. In the sical type which follows the overthrow of the feudal Soviet Union, bureaucratic centralism of the monopolist order, as a progressive proccess. type coexists with extensive economic liberalism at the The fundamental pecularity of this type of capital• base. The image is given of a planned management of ism is that here many socialist forms of property, or• the economy, whereas in practice the economic laws and ganization and management are retained, but their con• categories of the capitalist mode of production have free tent has changed radically. Today in the Soviet Union fields of action. the means of production are, in fact, state capitalist, or Parasitic consumption has assumed unprecedented pro• collective capitalist property, because they are used in portions. On the basis of the nominal pay, the difference in the interest of the new bourgeois class which is in power, remuneration between workers and the bureaucratic and and because it is precisely this class which appropriates technocratic administrators of production reaches a ratio the labour of workers and peasants. of more than one to ten, while together with the incomes The former laws, traditions and practices have been from the division of profits, from all kinds of bonuses, replaced with new ones, which allow the state bureau• and from countless other privileges, the difference in pay cracy and the bureaucracy of the party a free hand to reaches even greater figures. These differences in pay and express and apply their own will without hindrance. The way of life can hardly be distinguished from those which new competences, which they were given on the basis exist between the bourgeois administrators and the workers of the economic reforms, were used to secure and extend in the countries of the West. the incomes and privileges of various leading castes, to In the conditions when 35-40 per cent of the pay for preserve their power and defend them from the discontent the value of labour power is formed in a decentralized way and revolts of the working class and the working from the division of profits, when the work norms are masses. not unified and are likewise applied in a decentralized True, the state ownership remained and the factories way, when the material stimulus in favour of the new were not distributed to private owners, the kolkhozes bourgeoisie has absolute priority, and when inflation, caused remained common collective economies and the banks especially by the militarization of the economy which were not handed over to shareholders, but what was gobbles up one third of the national income, is constantly changed was the distribution, the destination of the so• rising, in essence, the society has lost real control over cial product. the amount of labour and consumption, which are two main Although it is claimed that the principle of remu• keys for a socialist economy. neration according to work is applied, in reality the dif• These and a series of other measures of a capitalist ferent groups of the new bourgeoisie appropriate the character, which were trumpeted as a creative develop• surplus value created by the workers and peasants. All ment of the Marxist-Leninist economic theory and practice, this robbery is presented as a kind of material stimulus, had as their aim and led to the demolition of the founda• allegedly to encourage productive activity, scientific work, tions of the socialist economy. artistic creativeness, etc. In reality, this is a typical ca• The consequences of this course are apparent in the pitalist exploitation. daily Mfe of the Soviet people. On the market there are 32 • 6 (61), 1981 ALBANIA TODAY shortages of prime necessities; inflation, unemployment and oppression and exploitation. From tradition, for purposes the fluctuation of labour power have increased, declared of disguise, or simply out of inertia, many parties retain and undeclared increases in prices of various goods can such names as -"democratic"-, -«popular»-, -«socialist»-, etc., at be seen. The private sector of the economy has extended, a time when they are typically bourgeois reactionary parties. the doors have been flung open to foreign monopoly ca• The revisionist-capitalist policy, which is applied in the pital, and the blacls market, speculation, embezzlements, Soviet Union, has revived the old demons of the czarist bribery and fraud are rife. empire, such as national oppression, anti-semitism, Slav The present-day Soviet reality shows that the process racism. Orthodox religious mysticism, the cult of military is not moving towards the ^elimination of class distinc- castes, the aristocratism of the intelligentsia, bureaucracy tions» and the «creation of a new social unity*, as the in the old Russian style, etc. The theories of the Soviet Khrushchevite-Brezhnevite revisionists propagate, but revisionists about the alleged creation of a -"historic new towards profound social differentiation between the community^ of the -"unified Soviet people*, have been in• new bourgeois class, comprised of the stratum of bu• vented precisely to conceal the reality that the Soviet reaucrats and technocrats, and the broad working masses, Union is rent with profound social, class and national who are in the position of a simple producing force. The contradictions. greater the degree of exploitation of the worldng people It is the strength of the Soviet army which dominates and the more the profits of the bourgeoisie increase, the in the Soviet Union today. The stepped-up rate of mili• deeper the gulf between them is growing. This situation has tarization of the life of the country and the heavy burden given rise to a whole ideology and policy which justifies of military expenditure, which has reached astronomical and defends this new system of capitalist exploitation. proportions and is shaking the Soviet economy more and The Soviet power is no longer of Soviets, of the workers more profoundly, distort its development and impoverish and peasants. It is isolated from them and has become the people. like a force in itself and alien to them. The Khrushchevite The re-establishment of capitalism in the country could revisionists have formally proclaimed the dictatorship of not fail to lead, also, to a drastic turn-about in the sphere the proletariat liquidated. They have named the state the of international relations and the foreign policy of the com• state of the entire people, in order to hide the reality that munist party and the Soviet state. Khrushchevite revision• it is no longer of the people, but a dictatorship of the new ism was gradually transformed into the ideology and policy Soviet bourgeoisie. Its capitalist character is clearly appa• of the new imperialist superpower, which justifies and de• rent from the whole internal and foreign policy which it fends its expansion, aggression and wars for the establish• pursues, a policy which serves the interests of the bourgeois ment of world domination. Offspring of this ideology and class in power. The Soviet state, which has the main means policy are the notorious theories of -"limited sovereignty*, of production in its hands and runs the whole economy, the ^international division of labour* and the -"economic- has been transformed into a representative and defender of political and military integration* of the countries of the the interests of the ruling class. so-called socialist community, which have bound these coun• In order to preserve their socialist disguise and -"to tries hand and foot and transformed them into vassal states. prove* that the Soviet Union is a socialist country, the At the 26th Congress of the CPSU Brezhnev called these Soviet revisionists say that there is only one party there, relations -"relations between peoples* in order to wipe out that this party is a communist party, and its leading role any national and state identity in this way. has been sanctioned in the Constitution. The fact that In order to attain its expansionist, neo-colonialist ob• there is only one leading party and that its undivided power jectives, Soviet social-imperialism has created a theory ac• is recognized by law does not make it a communist party. cording to which no country can liberate and defend itself There are many bourgeois countries where there is only from imperialism and develop in an independent way with• a single ruling party. The position of a political party out Soviet aid and tutelage. It misuses the slogan of -winter- in the state does not determine its character. The charac• nationalist aid* in order to undertake aggressions and to ter of a party is determined, first of all, by to which class plunder the wealth of other countries. it belongs and whom it serves, by what ideology it is guided, The whole aggressive, hegemonic and expansionist fo• and what policy it pursues. reign policy of the social-imperialist Soviet Union is further The Communist Party of the Soviet Union today is the proof and evidence that the Soviet order is a capitalist direct representative of the bourgeois class in power, exer• order, because only a capitalist order can pursue such a cises power on its behalf, and serves the development and policy in the international arena. As Lenin said, foreign po• strengthening of the restored capitalist order. It is communist licy is a continuation of the internal policy, and the two only in name. The maintenance of the name communist together are a concentrated expression of the economic and its use of certain IMarxist phrases and socialist slogans relations which exist in a country. The socialist and com• have a hypocritical and simply demagogic character. This munist disguise, which the Soviet revisionists still try to re• is part of that deceptive projxaganda which wants to keep tain, is being torn from them day by day in the face of the masses in the dark and make them believe that they their capitalist reality and the social-imperialist policy are living in socialism and not in a capitalist society of which they pursue. ALBANIA TODAY 6 (61), 1981 • 33 As to how long this great deception of the Soviet people, The Chinese economy went on limping badly, lacking that they are allegedly living in socialism, can be kept up, any clear directive or perspective, irrespective of the exis• how long the Soviet working class will continue to live tence of the so-called plan which did not have the remotest with illusions, — this depends on many factors, internal resemblance to a scientific plan, let alone a plan based on a and external. As to what awaits the countries in which centralized system. Indeed, it did not have even the features Khrushchevite revisionism is ruling, the events in Poland of a decentralized plan. The Chinese economy carried on by are very significant. The fact is that there the class con• its own momentum. flict between the working people and the bourgeois class In this flabby organization and in this ideology with in power, represented by the revisionist party, has burst no backbone, the predominant idea was that of the hege• out. Irrespective of how it has been manipulated by the mony of the great Chinese state which -"had been called forces of the Right, in essence, the revolt of the Polish upon by history* to represent the new model of socialist working class shows that it has become conscious of its society, to represent the -"Marxism-Leninism of the new position as an oppressed and exploited class, that the exis• era"-, which was Mao Zedong thought. ting state power in Poland belongs to a class antagonistic In this development of China we had to discern that to it and that socialism has been betrayed. Which will under the cloak of -"revolution* lurked counter-revolution, be the next after Poland? The processes of class differen• that under the cloak of Mao Zedong thought lurked anti- tiation are seething, and class conflicts are building up ra• Marxism, a trend of modern revisionism which was seeking pidly in all the revisionist countries. The Soviet Union political, ideological, organizational and state forms and makes no exception in this direction, although outwardly structures appropriate for the -"Chinese continent* and for it looks as the most stable among them. The wounds which its capitalist-imperialist aspirations. the restoration of capitalism has opened can be healed The -"anti-imperialism*, «anti-Sovietism*, and -^anti- only with the overthrow of revisionism and the re-esta• Americanism*, which were alternately stressed in Mao Ze• blishment of socialism. dong's China, were temporary manoeuvres. They were Our Pairty has waged a great, open, principled struggrle not ideological convictions, were not principled stands, but against Chinese revisionism, the ideology, policy, stands and were manoeuvres to balance the powerful states of the actions of tlie Communist Party of China. Chinese revi• world, a game on the world chess-board with the imperial• sionism is an opportunist current in the world communist ist political-military powers for the strengthening of movement and its foundation — Mao Zedong thought, is an China. ideology with archaic features, an amalgam of ancient It was with these world outlooks, with these eclectic, Chinese theories of Confucius and Mencius and new opportunist stands, both on the internal plane of China paraphrased theories, without any organic structural con• and on the external plane, that the -"Proletarian Cultural nection, painted up with a Marxist phraseology. Mao Ze• Revolution* of the Red Guards was carried out and that the dong thought represents a hegemonic ideology of world revanchist "revolution* of reactionary old men and all the domination, based on a heterogeneous collection of contra• remnants of the old China is taking place today. These dictory and pragmatic theorems and ideas. When China were the foundations on which the ill-fated theory of began the construction of the new Chinese state, which «three worlds* and of ^alliances of these three worlds* was emerged from the liberation war, the Chinese ship wall• worked out and the big switches were made in Chinese in• owed confusedly, sometimes to the right, sometimes to the ternational policy with very dangerous consequences for left, in the waters of this ideology. This was the source of world peace. those vacillations of China and that lack of definition of It took our Party a fairly long time to discern this the character of its political and economic system. anti-Marxist course of the Communist Party of China and The theory which guided the new China was not Marx- the Chinese state, with which we had good friendly re• ism-Leninism. The Marxist slogans in Chinese characters lations. For our Party the theoretical-political essence of painted on the fagade gave the false impression that some this friendship was very important, the question of the features of scientific socialism existed. They prevented struggle to preserve the purity of Marxism-Leninism and the continual deviations from being clearly discerned. the question of socialism and the revolution were impor• While the role of the dictatorship of the proletariat tant. was being stressed in China, the dictatorship of rival At first we waged a principled struggle through debates, groups and personalities was concealed and developed as between comrades, but gradually it became embittered under it. While the leading role of the party was stressed, because of the anti-Marxist attitude of China. On the part this concealed a chaotic organization and the non-existent of the Party of Labour of Albania, this was a struggle with leadership of the party. While there was talk about the no concessions, but also an unequal and difficult struggle. hegemony of the working class, the leading role, in fact, Had not this struggle been waged the construction of so• was.left to the peasantry, because it was its petty-bourgeois cialism in Albania would have been endangered. ideology which predominated in China. While there was The importance of the struggle of the Party of Labour talk about the alteration of class structures, in essence, no• of Albania lies in the fact that it destroyed two myths: thing changed from what it was. that of China as a country in which socialism was being 34 • 6 (61). 1981 ALBANIA TODAY built, and that of Mao Zedong thought as the Marxism- openly as a reactionary current, has broken off any con• I.eninism of our time. In this struggle to defend principles nection, not only with the revolutionary and liberation our Party took account of all the economic difficulties which movements, but also with any democratic and progressive might be created for the country. movement. In every case it takes the side of the most Mao Zedong thought, publicized as the -"further scienti• sinister, most obscurantist and fascist forces In the world. fic development of Marxism-Leninism*, might have had The disorder, corruption, confusion and clashes, which an influence, as it did in fact, on the international com• have occurred and are occurring in China, are direct con• munist movement and on certain Marxist-Leninist parties sequences of Mao Zedong thought. The criticism which in particular. Because of many circumstances, these parties, the Chinese leaders today make of Mao Zedong has nothing being quite unable to make a profound analysis of this at all In common with the Marxist criticism which we revisionist ideological trend, thought that in great China make. It has no connection with the content of his Ideas and in Mao Zedong they had the leaders of the prole• which the present Chinese leaders retain and apply in tarian revolution, resolute supporters in the struggle against American imperialism and Soviet social-imperialism, na• practice. Their criticism Is an expression of the struggle tural defenders of the just national liberation wars of the for power between different rival Maoist groups. These peoples. groups cannot reject Mao Zedong, because all of them find support and justification for their actions in his ideas. Hence, a principled and determined struggle had to Without freeing themselves from Mao Zedong thought the be waged in order to undeceive the deceived. The Party Chinese proletariat and the Chinese people will be unable of Labour of Albania undertook this struggle. This is an to find the right road which leads to socialism. experience we have lived through and proved, both In the In the future, too, the Party of Labour of Albania time when Mao Zedong himself was alive and after his will continue its consistent principled struggle for the com• death. Socialist Albania did not become isolated in the plete exposure of Chinese revisionism, for the establish• world on account of this struggle, as the Yugoslav revi• ment of a clear-cut dividing line between Marxism-Lenin- sionists claim. The opposite occurred. The Party of Labour ism and the anti-Marxist ideas of Mao Zedong. Without of Albania and the People's Socialist Republic of Albania denouncing and rejecting Mao Zedong thought, without made their internal and international positions even strong• combating and eradicating any influence of it in the revo• er. lutionary movement, there can be no serious talk about the In this struggle to defend Marxism-Leninism and the struggle against Chinese revisionism or against modern revolution and to oppose the pseudo-Marxist ideology of revisionism as a whole, the Marxism-Leninist movement Mao Zedong thought, other sister Marxist-Leninist parties, cannot be properly consolidated and developed and the too, fought with wisdom and revolutionary determination cause of the revolution carried forward successfully. and made a valuable contribution. The more the contradictions of capitalism and impe• The exposure of China as a non-socialist country and rialism deepen, and the closer the wave of the revolution of Mao Zedong thought as an anti-Marxist theory wiped approaches, the more the other revisionist current — Eu• out a dangerous illusion in the international Marxist-Le• rocommunism, reveals Its anti-Marxist and counter-revo• ninist movement, Just as had occurred with Soviet and lutionary features. Yugoslav revisionism and the other reactionary revisionist Eurocommunism is a product of the degeneration of currents. the communist parties which took the course of revisionism, Any disguise, any falsification, any deviation from and of the split which occurred in the revisionist camp the scientific theory of Marxism-Leninism cannot be kept as a result of the predominance which bourgeois national• up for long. Sooner or later it Is exposed, because It runs ism assumed within this camp. counter to the ideals of the working class and the peoples It is the ideology of the worker aristocracy, fed with who fight for freedom, for genuine democracy, for so• crumbs from the profits of the bourgeoisie. Eurocommun• cialism, for a society without exploiters and exploited. ism, which is the purest ideology of bourgeois reformism, The present developments In China, the whole home plays the role of the •"fifth column-- in the ranks of the and foreign policy of the Chinese leadership, prove that the workers' movement. analyses and conclusions of the Party of Labour of Albania The Eurocommunists, who were the most ardent sup• were absolutely accurate and correct. The Chinese leader• porters of the campaign against Stalin, allegedly to return ship left the field free for the development of the capitalist to Lenin, have now united openly with the whole chorus economy, opened the doors to the inflow of enslaving of the bourgeoisie and the social-democrats to attack Lenin foreign capital, united in close alliance with American Im• and Leninism. The very term -"Eurocommunism* is an ex• perialism and the blackest International reaction. China pression of their departure from Marxism-Leninism, of came out openly as an aggressive imperialist power with their denial of the universal laws of the revolution and pretensions to world hegemony. It has become one of the the construction of socialist society. The Eurocommunists main centres of world counter-revolution, which fights with have exhumed from the grave and put into circulation again all means to hinder the liberation of peoples and strangle the old opportunist theories of Lassalle and Bernstein, the revolution. Today Chinese revisionism has emerged Kautsky and the 2nd International, which they publicize ALBANIA TODAY 6 (61), 1981 • 35 as the last word in the creative development of Marxism visionists of the West and the East. But its hopes were in our days. The open attack from anti-communist po• completely dashed. In the Eurocommunist parties themselves sitions all along the line against the fundamental teachings the factions and splits increased, while between the dif• of Marxism-Leninism is the logical end of all modern re• ferent Eurocommunist parties the struggle for leader• visionism and all its trends. ship began. The squabbles and divisions with the other re• The Eurocommunists' preachings about the supraclass visionist parties became even greater. Marchais' party capitalist state, about democracy for all, about the peace• abandoned the Eurocommunist camp and is moving closer ful, parliamentary democratic road to socialism, about and closer to the Soviet revisionists. The Communist Party structural reforms within the framework of the bour• of Spain has split up into different factions, into ortho• geois constitution, etc., have only one aim; to sabotage dox and heretic Eurocommunists, into pro-Soviet and anti- the revolution and defend and perpetuate the capitalist Soviet groups. Meanwhile Berlinguer's party is experiencing order. When the Italian, French or Spanish revisionists a grave ideological and political crisis. The most important talk about the ^^historical compromise"-, the < In the face of the co-ordinated activity of the impe• Dear Comrades, rialists and revisionists against Marxism-Leninism and the revolutionary struggle of the proletariat and the peoples, The successes which our people have achieved under the further strengthening of the unity of the Marxist-Le• the leadership of the Party are great and the battles won ninist movement is an imperative need. are majestic. They show that our people have inexhaus• The strength Of the international Marxist-Leninist tible strength, that they are optimistic and determined communist movement lies in the correctness of the ideas to undertake new battles to make their lives happier, to for which it fights and in its unity. In their struggle the raise the name of their socialist Homeland even higher, Marxist-Leninist parties are guided by the teachings of to strengthen their freedom and independence and the our great classics, use the rich and all-sided heritage from people's power which was born in the flames of the re• the Comintern, rely on the experience of their own strug• volution. gle against the revisionist betrayal and bear in mind the It is this marvellous reality, the unbreakable unity negative experience of the parties which degenerated into of the people with the Party, the maturity, courage and revisionism. All these lessons and this experience consti• determination of the communists, which give the people tute a very great ideological, political, organizational, theo• and the Party this sure guarantee that the tasks, which retical and practical wealth for tempering and streng• this Congress will set, will be fulfilled and overfulfilled. thening the parties and the Marxist-Leninist movement in The enthusiasm which the Draft-directives of the 7th every direction. Five-year Plan have aroused, the mobilization of the The meetings and discussions between sister parties working masses to carry out the tasks of this year, and make a valuable contribution to strengthening the unity the encouraging results which have been achieved, and of the Marxist-Leninist movement. In this way they bene• above all, the unanimous, resolute and ardent support fit from one another's experience, arrive at common as• which our people give the internal and external policy of sessments of situations and unity of thought and action. The the Party, show that the whole country is ready and mo• experience of one party cannot replace the experience of bilized to go forward confidently and resolutely on the many parties. On the contrary, it is the experience of all course on which the Party leads them to achieve new the Marxist-Leninist parties which makes the movement victories. invincible. Dear Comrades, let us turn this revolutionary drive, Standing loyal to the principles of proletarian inter• this boundless love for our glorious Party, this unshake- nationalism, the Party of Labour of Albania has always able confidence in the future, into a great motive force to tried and will continue to try to make its own contribution carry out the tasks in all fields, to overcome all the dif• to strengthening the unity of the Marxist-Leninist move• ficulties which we shall encounter and to further streng• ment and the collaboration between the sister parties. then and consolidate our victories and the unassailable It is an honour for our Party of Labour to stand foundations of socialism in Albania. shoulder to shoulder with the other Marxist-Leninist par• ties, which are equal detachments of the revolutionary movement of the working class, in the great historic strug• LO\ LIVE THE 8th CONGRESS OF THE PARTY! gle for the cause of Marxism-Leninism, the revolution and socialism. The Albanian communists and our whole people prize very highly the solidarity, the love and trust LONG laVE THE HEROIC, TALENTED AND IN• which the sister Marxist-Leninist parties, the proletariat DUSTRIOUS ALBANIAN PEOPLE! and the revolutionary and freedom-loving peoples display for the Party of Labour and socialist Albania. This is a powerful support and encouragement for us. In all circum• LONG LIVE THE PARTY OF LABOUR OF ALBANIA. stances and in any situation our Party and people will fight THE WISE, VALIANT AND PROVEN LEADER, THE to perform their national and international tasks with ORGANIZER OF ALL OUR VICTORIES ON THE honour, to build socialism successfully in Albania, and BRILLIANT ROAD OF SOCIALIST CONSTRUCTION! to ardently defend the revolutionary cause of the pro• letarians and the peoples. GLORY TO MARXISM-LENINISM! Abridged by the editorial board CLOSING SPEECH OF COMRADE ENVER HC Comrade delegates, The proceedings of this Congress are The successful conclusion of the proceed• drawing to a close. The questions on the order ings of the Congress has greatly rejoiced our of the day were examined and discussed people, our friends and well-wishers. Its pro• exhaustively. The Central Committee which ceedings were characterized by revolutionary you voted in unanimously, had its first meeting maturity, loyalty to the principles of Marx- in which the Political Bureau and the Secre• ism-Leninism, the determination to carry out tariat of the Central Committee was elected. our socialist society forward, to make the life Allow me on behalf of the comrades whom of our people happy and sure. you elected to the Central Committee, on be• The Congress is a fresh manifestation of half of the members of the Political Bureau the monoUthic unity of the Party, of the una• and the Secretariat, to thank you for the trust nimous determination to defend and carry out you have placed in us and the honour you have the line of the Party in all fields, both on done to us by electing us to the supreme internal and external questions. The unity of forums of the Party. We assure the Party and the Party is a guarantee for the unity of the the whole people that we will put all our forces people. Therefore, dear comrades, let us defend in the service of the cause of socialism, the and ceaselessly strengthen this steel unity. freedom and independence of the Homeland, Many delegates from the various districts for which our heroic Party and people have and sectors, workers, peasants, intellectuals, fought and continue to fight with self-abne• militarymen and others spoke from the tri• gation. bune of this Congress. They were of different The historic tasks that lie ahead of us, age and in length of service in the ranks of the work awaiting us will not be easy. But the Party. But all of them were united bj we are fully confident that we shall carry them the same communist ideal, the same love for the socialist Homeland, the same loyalty to the out successfully. A guarantee for this are the people. Their contributions to the discussions correct line of the Party, the teachings of were another expression of the political and Marxism-Leninism, the 40-year experience of ideological maturity of the entire people, of our Party. A guarantee for this is the militant its correct understanding of the situations and spirit, the resolute struggle and the creative the importance of the tasks set by this Con• work of the communists and our people for the gress. socialist construction of the country and the The Congress endorsed a great program defence of the gains of socialism. of work in all fields, it formulated concrete XHA tasks and clear orientations for all sectors. people wage against imperialism and modern Their realization calls for fresh and greater revisionism, against all our common enemies. mobilization, increased efforts for improving On our part, we assure the fraternal the organization and management of work, Marxist-Leninist parties, all our comrades-in• the increase of work productivity, the appli• arms, that the Albanian communists will cation of the achievements of science and ad• jealously preserve the revolutionary friend• vanced experience everywhere. ship that exists between us and will spare Our people, with the communists in the no efforts so that our collaboration develops lead, will successfully accomplish these tasks, and strengthens further on the basis of Marx- will also win the battle for the fulfilment of ism-Leninism and proletarian international• the 7th Five-year Plan. They will not spare ism. their efforts and toil, because they are con• FORWARD, COMRADES, TO CARRY vinced that only by carrying the socialist construction forward, will the victories of the OUT THE DECISIONS OF THIS CONGRESS, revolution be defended and strengthened, will TO FULFIL THE TASKS OF THE NEW the present and future be guaranteed. FIVE-YEAR PLAN, TO MAKE OUR SO• CIALIST ALBANIA MORE POWERFUL AND MORE PROSPEROUS! Comrades, LONG LIVE THE PARTY OF LABOUR Delegations of the fraternal Marxist-Le• OF ALBANIA, THE GLORIOUS LEADER OF ninist parties from all continents have ho• OUR PEOPLE! noured our 8th Congress with their participa• tion. Allow me on your behalf and on behalf LONG LIVE OUR HEROIC PEOPLE! of the entire Party to thank them from our heart for the warm messages they brought LONG LIVE PROLETARIAN INTERNA• from their parties and the fraternal greetings TIONALISM! they addressed to this Congress. GLORY TO MARXISM-LENINISM! Their internationalist solidarity is a va• luable support for our efforts for the socialist I declare the 8th Congress of the Party construction, for the struggle our Party and of Labour of Albania closed! IN THE FRAMEWd OF THE 40'' ANNIi OF THE PL A AND RECEPTION AT THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE PLA, OF THE PARTIES WHICH ATTENDED THE WORK OF THE 8th CONGRESS On October 30, the First Secretary of the delegation of the Communist Party the Central Committee of the PLA, of Canada (Marxist-Leninist), headed by Comrade Enver Hoxha, and Comrades the Chairman of the Party, Hardial Adil Qarcani, HaTd Toska, Hekuran Bains, the delegation of the Commun• Isai, Kadri Hazbiu, Manush Myftiu, ist Party of Denmark (Marxist-Lenin• Pali Miska, Ramiz Alia, Rita Marko, ist), headed by the First Secretary of Spiro Koleka, Simon Stefani, received the Central Committee, Klau^ Rls the delegations of the sister par• Klausen, the delegation of the Party of ties which have come to attend the Labour of Iran, headed by the General work of the 8th Congress of the Par• Secretary Khalil, the delegation of the ty, at the seat of the Central Com• Communist Party of Japan (Left), mittee of the Party. headed by the member of the Political Present in the reception were the de• Bureau and the Secretariat of the CC legation of the Communist Party of of the Party, Toshio Jasuda, the dele• Vietnam, headed by the Secretary of gation of the Communist Party of Togo, the Central Committee Song Hao, the headed by the First Secretary of the delegation of the Communist Party of Party, Cocoa Jules, the delegation of Brasil, headed by the First Secretary the Communist Party of New Zealand, of the CC Joao Amazonas, the dele• headed by the member of the Central gation of the Communist Party of Ger• Committee of the Party Jack Locke, the many, headed by the Chairman of the delegation of the Communist Labour Party Ernst Aust, the delegation of the Party of the Domenican Republic, Communist Party of Spain (Marxist- headed by the General Secretary Ra• Leninist) headed by the member of the fael Chalub Mejia, the delegation of Secretariat of the Central Committee, the Revolutionary Communist Party of Raul Marko, the delegation of the Com• India, headed by the General Secre• munist Party of Colombia (Marxist- tary Lai Sing, the delegation of the Leninist), headed by the First Secre• Revolutionary Communist Party of Bri• tary of the Central Committee of the tain (M-L), headed by the General Secre• Party, the delegation of the Portu• tary David Williams, the delegation of guese Communist Party (Reconstruct• the Communist Party of Mexico (Marx• ed), headed by the Political Secretary ist-Leninist), headed by the member Jose Alves, the delegation of the of the Central Executive Commission Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Sergio Barlos, the delegation of the Equador, headed by the Secretary of Communist Party of Dahomey, the dele• the Central Committee, Pasqval Prado, gation of the Organization for the RK ERSARY OF THE FOUNDING TS 8'' CONGRESS Founding of the Communist Party of of all the Albanian communists for the achievements of our people under Sweden, headed by the member of the the participation of the delegations the leadership of the Party in the cons- Secretariat of the Central Committee, from the sister parties in the v>ork of, truction of socialism. Nils Anderson, and the delegation of the 8th Congress of the PLA, pointed Present in the reception were the the ^^Proletarian Action»- Marxist- out the importance of the meetings of members of the Central Committee of Leninist Movement of Chile, headed by our parties in the present sitiMtions of the Party, Behar ShtyUa, Foto Qami, the struggle agaiTist imperialism and Gafur Quci, Ndre^i Plasari and the Di• the member of the Central Leadership modern revisionism, which try to inhi• rector of the Directory for Abroad of and of the Political Secretariat Miguel bit the struggle and efforts of the pro• the Central Committee of the Party, Asenjo. letariat and the peoples. Agim Popa. Speaking of the recepition, Comrade Comrade Enver Hoxha also spoke to The reception passed in a very cor• Enver Hoxha, after expressing the joy the members of the delegations about dial and friendly atmosphere. munist Party of Togo, the delegation RECEPTION of the Communist Party of New Zea• land, the delegation of the Communist AT Labour Party of the Domenican Re• public, the delegation of the Revolu• THE PALACE OF BRIGADES tionary Communist Party of India, the delegation of the Revolutionary Com• On November 7th the Central Com• 8th Congress of the Party of Labour of munist Party of Britain (M-L), the de• mittee of the Party of Labour of Al• Albania and other guests. legation of the Communist Party of bania gave a reception at the Palace In the reception took part also the Mexico (M-L), the delegation of the of Brigades on the occasion of the 40th delegation of the Communist Party of CC of the Communist Party of Indo• anniversary of the founding of the Vietnam, the delegation of the Com• nesia, the delegation of the Commun• Party and the su4;cessful conclu^on of munist Party of Brazil, the delegation ist Party of Dahomey, the delegation the proceedings of its 8th Congress. of the Communist Party of Germany, of the Communist Party of Iraq (Cen• Present at the reception were the the delegation of the Communist Party tra Leadership), the delegation of the First Secretary of the Central Commit• of Spain (M-L) the delegation of the Organization for the Founding of the tee of the PLA, Comrade Enver Hoxha, Peruvian Communist Party (M-L), the Communist Party of Sweden and the and Comrades Adil Qargani, Hajredin delegation of the Communist Party of delegation of the -"Proletarian Action"- Qeliku, Hekuran Isai, Kadri Hazbiu^ Colombia (M-L), the delegation of the Marxist-Leninist Movement of Chi• Lenka Quko, Manush Myftiu , Muho Portuguese Communist Party (Recons• le, who attended the proceedings of Asllani, Pali Miska, Ramiz Alia, tructed), the delegation of the Marxist- the &th Congress of the PLA. Rita Marko, Simon Stefani, Besnik Leninist Communist Party of Equador, During the reception, which passed Bekteshi, Foto Qami, Llambi Gegprifti, the delegation of the Communist Party in an atmosphere of great elation, Prokop Murra, Qirjako Mihali, the Pre• of Canada (M-L), the delegation of the Comrade Adil Qar^ani, Member of the sident of the Presidium of the People's Communist Party of Denmark (M-L), Political Bureau of the Central Com• Assembly of the PSR of Albania, Com• the delegation of the Party of Labour mittee of the PLA, greeted those pre• rade Haxhi Ueshi, members of the of Iran, the delegation of the Commun- sent on behalf of the Central Commit• Central Committee of the Party, of the its Workers' Party of France, the dele• tee of the Party. Presidium of the People's Assembly gation of the Communist Party of Ja• An artistic program was performed and the Government, delegates to the pan (Left), the delegation of the Com• for those participating in the reception. IN THE SPEECH FRAMEWORK BDeaY r COMRADcomrades and friendsE ADI. L CARCANI OF THE 40"' Allow me on behalf of the Central unity of our people, but also a bril• Committee of the Party to greet and liant testimony to the proletarian in• ANNIVERSARY thank you from my heart for your par• ternationalism, the communist friend• ticipation in this solemn evening de• ship and unity which links the PLA dicated to the 40th anniversary of the with the other Marxist-Leninist par• OF founding of the Party and the success• ties. Your presence at and your greet• ful conclusion of the proceedings of its ings to the Congress, dear comrade re• THE FOUNDING 8th Congress. presentatives of the fraternal parties, The Albanian communists, working are a great support and inspiration for OF THE PLA class and entire people have lived in our Party and people. these days with the proceedings of the We know that, regardless of the AND ITS Congress; the hearts of the commun• slanders of the enemies, we have never ists and the whole people have beaten been, nor will we ever be, alone in our 8"' CONGRESS in unison with the Party during these just struggle, that we have innumer• days. This is a remankable steel unity able loyal friends and comrades every• around our heroic Party with Comrade where, because the cause for which we Enver Hoxha at the head, a imity tem• are fighting is the cause of all the re• pered in these forty years of successive volutionary Marxist-Leninists, is the great battles and victories over many cause of the proletariat and all the savage enemies, internal and external, freedom and progress-loving peoples of for the great cause of freedom and so• the wwrld. cialism, a unity which constitutes the Both during the glorious National greatest guarantee for all the victories Liberation War and in the epoch achieved in our country. It has deep- of the construction of socialism, the going ideological and political roots, PLA has never divorced its struggle it is a unity of revolutionary Marxist- from the struggle of the fraternal par• Leninist thought and action and is best tial and the other peoples. It has al• reflected in the majestic and most glo• ways considered itself a detachment rious deed of the Party, which is the of the international Marxist-Leninist new socialist Albania, our beloved movement, and the revolution of the Homeland, a sovereign and happy Albanian people a component part of country, an invincible state of the dic• the world proletarian revolution. tatorship of the proletariat. The revolution today is more actual The 8th Congress of the Party en• than ever. The all-roimd crisis, which dorsed a major and inspiring program is eroding the imperialist-revisionist for the future, thus opening even more system, is accelerating this process. brilliant prospects before the Party For decades on end the imperialists and our people. The will of the Con• and the modem revisionists have left gress is the will of the Party, is the no weapon or means unresorted to in will of the entire people. Therefore, order to overcome Marxism-Leniniison the communists, the working class and and liquidate the true communist par• the entire Albanian people, under the ties who stand loyal to the immortal leadership of the Party with Comrade and triumphant doctrine of the pro• Enver Hoxha at the head, are deter• letariat. However, Marxism-Leninism mined to turn the historic decisions was not overcome, nor will it ever be of the 8th Congress into reality, to overcome either by the strength of the carry forward the complete construc• bourgeoisie or the demagogy and be• tion of socialist society relying only trayal of revisionism. on their own forces, to develop the In the future, too, the Marxist-Lenin• class struggle uninterruptedly and in ist parties, defending Marxism-Lenin• the right way, to fight, as always, ism with revolutionary courage and against the imperialist and revisionist adhering to its principles, unfurling the enemies, to keep the banner of Marx, banner of Marxism-Leninism, wUI suc• Engels, Lenin and Stalin always cessfully continue their resolute and flying. uncompromising struggle against all the The 8th Congress of the Party was trends of mod^n revisionism, and So• a vivid testimony to the monolithic viet revisionism in particular, which is their head. Great battles lie ahead Once again thanking you on behalf majestic tasks set by the 8th Congress of them, but also great and sure vic• of our Party and people, on behalf of of the Party, will successfully fulfil the tories await them. Without struggle the Central Committee with Comrade 7th Five-year Plan and, at the same and sacrifice there is no liberation, Enver Hoxha at the head, for the time, will discharge themselves of their there are no victories of the revolution. honour you did us and the very va• internationalist duty with honour and In the process of our common strug• luable support and solidarity you in any situation. gle the unity of the Marxist-Leninfet brought us with your participation in I invite you, comrades, to drink to: movement in general, which has colos• the proceedings of the 8th Congress — our Party of Labour and the health sal importance for our revolutionary of our Party, we beg you, dear com• of the beloved leader of our Party and movement and struggle, is being cease• rades of the fraternal parties, on re• people. Comrade Enver Hoxha! lessly tempered. In the future, too, the turning to your countries, to assure — the Marxist-Leninist parties! Party of Labour of Albania will do your parties that the PLA, the Alba• — the militant solidarity among our everything within its possibilities, to nian communists as well as the entire parties! ceaselessly broaden its close fraternal Albanian people will carry the cause — your health, dear comrades and collaboration with the fraternal parties, of socialism in Albania always forward friends of the fraternal Marxist-Leninist to jointly strengthen the Marxist- under the triumphant banner of Marx- parties and the health of all those pre• Leninist unity of our movement ever ism-Leninism, will launch themselves sent! more. into attack for the fulfilling of all the — the glory of Marxism-Leninism! mittee of the District of Tirana Xhelil LEADERS OF THE PARTY Gjoni. The leaders of the Party and state AND STATE VISIT THE HOUSE visited the room in which the meetings WHERE THE PARTY for the founding of the Party were held and the other parts of the house. To WAS FOUNDED commemorate the event they took a photograph in the front-yard of the On the 8th of November, the day of munist Party of Albania (today Museum-House of the Party. the 40th anniversary of the founding the PLA) was found?.d. Amongst the Meanwhile, inhabitants of the No.3 of our glorious Party and on the oc• visitors were also the Vice-President quarter of the Capital, martyrs' casion of the conclusion of the work of the Presidium of the People's As• mothers, veterans, young men and of the 8th Congress of the Party, Com• sembly of the PSR of Albania Com• women, had thronged the ^Founding rades Adil Qar^ani, Hajredin Qeliku, rade Spiro Koleka, the Chairman of the of the Party^> Street and applauded and Kadri Hazbiu, Lenka Quko, Ramiz Central Control and Audit Commission enthusiastically ha:led for the Party Alia, Besnik Bekteshi, and Foto Qami of the PLA Comrade PUo Peristeri and the beloved leader of our Party visited the house where the Com- and the Secretary of the Party Com- and people, Comrade Enver Hoxha. Front of Albania, the Central Council HOMAGES WERE PAID of the Trade Unions of Albania, the General Council of the Women's AND WREATHS LAID Union of Albania, the Central Commit• AT THE CEMETERY OF THE tee of the Labour Youth Union of Al• bania, the National Veterans' Com• MARTYRS OF THE NATION mittee of the War of the Albanian people, the Ministry of People's De• On the 8th of November, the day of tion, members and relatives of the fence, the Party Committee and the the glorious jubilee of the 40th anni• martyrs' families, militarymen, young versary of the founding of the Party, men and young women, and others. Executive Committee of the People's homages were paid and wreaths were Wreaths were laid in the name of Council of the District of Tirana. laid at the Cemetery of the Martyrs of the Central Committee of the Party of Present in the ceremony organized the Homeland. Labour of Albania, the Presidium of on this occasion were Comrades Participating in the ceremony orga• the People's Assembly, the Council of Hekuran Isai, Manush Myftiu, Pali nized on this occasion were working Ministers of the PSR of Albania, the Miska, Rita Marko, Simon Stefani, people of centres of work and produc- General Council of the Democratic Llambi Gegprifti, Prokop Murra, Qirjako Mihali, the Vice-President of During the ceremony, the brass band IN THE the Presidium of the People's Assem• executed funeral marches and the na• bly Shefqet PeQi, members of the Cen• tional hymn. Militarymen and young FRAMEWORK tral Committee of the Party and other pioneers stood the guard of hon• OF THE 40"' comrades. our. ANNIVERSARY THE FOREIGN DELEGATIONS OF WHICH TOOK PART THE FOUNDING IN THE WORK OF THE OF THE PLA 8th CONGRESS OF THE PARTY AND ITS LAID WREATHS AT THE CEMETERY OF THE 8'" CONGRESS MARTYRS OF THE NATION On the 40th anniversary of the found• menican Republic, the delegation of the ing of our Party, the delegation of the Revolutionary Communist Party of Communist Party of Vietnam, the de• India, the delegation of the Revolu• legation of the Communist Party of tionary Communist Party of Britain Brazil, the delegation of the Commun• (Marxist-Leninist), the delegation of ist Party of Germany, the delegation the Communist Party of Mexico (Marx• of the Communist Party of Spain ist-Leninist), the delegation of the Cen• (Marxist-Leninist), the delegation of the tral Committee of the Communist Par• Peruvian Communist Party (Marxist- ty of Indonesia, the delegation of the Leninist), the delegation of the Com• Communist Party of Dahomey, the de• munist Party of Colombia (Marxist- legation of the Communist Party of Leninist), the delegation of the Portu• Iraq (Central Leadership), the delega• guese Communist Party (Reconstructed), tion of the Organization for the Found• the delegation of the Marxist-Leninist ing of the Communist Party of Swe• Communist Party of Equador, the dele• den, and the delegation of the «Prole- gation of the Communist Party of Ca• tarian Action»- Marxist-Leninist Move• nada (Marxist-Leninist), the delegation ment of Chile, which took part in the of the Communist Party of Denmark work of the 8th Congress of the Party (Marxist-Leninist) the delegation of the of Labour of Albania, on the 7th of Party of Labour of Iran, the delegation November paid homages and laid of the Communist Workers' Party of wreaths at the Cemetery of the Mar• France, the delegation of the Communist tyrs of the Nation. Party of Japan (Left), the delegation During the ceremony, the brass or• of the Communist Party of Togo, the chestra executed funeral marches and delegation of the Communist Party of the national hymn. Militarymen and New Zealand, the delegation of the young pioneers stood the guard of Communist Labour Party of the Do- honour. FESTIVE CONCERT ON THE OCCASION OF THE 40th ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE PARTY AND ITS 8th CONGRESS On the occasion of the 40th anniver• cation and Culture organized, in the sary of the founding of the Party and evening of November 8th in the Opera its 8th Congress, the Ministry of Edu• and Ballet Theatre, a festive concert with the professionist troupes of the Comrade Haxhi Lleshi, members of polyphonic group, «The streams gur- Capital and folklore groups of some the Central Committee and the mem• gle» by the Mirdita foklore group, «The districts. bers of the Presidium of the People's song of our new U/c», the sung-dance Present in the concert were the Assembly and of the Government and "Rejuvenated Dropull sings^'- by the beloved leader of our Party and peo• other guests. Dropull foklore group, the part from ple, Comrade Enver Hoxha, Comra• Present also were the foreign dele• the "Shota and Azem Galica» ballet, des Adil Qargani, Hajredin Qeliku, gations which took part in the work etc. This beautiful concert was closed Hekuran Isai, Kadri Hazbiu, Lenka of the 8th Congress of the PLA. with the festive choreographic part Quko, Manush Myftiu, Muho Asllani, The program contained items dedi• «Vnited around the Party». Pali Miska, Ramiz Alia, Rita Marko, cated to our glorious Party of Labour, In the end, all the artists came out Simon Stefani, Besnik Bekteshi, Foto our Homeland, our heroic people, our on the stage and sang "Lead us, our Qami, Llambi Gegprifti, Prokop Murra, happy socialist life. The audience ap• eagle-eyed Party>\ the spectators Qirjako Mihali, the Chairman of plauded the cantata «To the Party in enthusiastically hailed and cheered for the Presidium of the People's As• its 40th anniversary^^, the popular song our glorious Party with Comrade Enver sembly of the PSR of Albania, •"My beautiful homeland»^ by the Piluri Hoxha at the head. ist Party of New Zealand Comrade MASS RALLY Jack Locke. The greetings by the guests were received with long ap• IN THE CAPITAL plause and powerful cheering for Marx- On the occasion of the successful The rally was opened by the First ism-Leninism and proletarian interna• tionalism. Comrade Enver Hoxha shook conclusion of the work of the 8th Con• Secretary of the Party Committee of hands with them warm-heartedly. gress of the Party and the 40th an• the District of Tirana Gaqo Nesho. Meanwhile, enthusiasm in the square niversary of its founding, the Central The member of the Political Bureau was growing. The participants in the Committee of the Party of Labour of of the Central Committee of the Party meeting burst out into repeated power• Albania and the Party Committee of Comrade Kadri Hazbiu took the floor ful cheering. Applauses continued the District of Tirana in the morning amidst the great joy of the partici• without a break all the time while Com• of November 8 organized a magnificent pants. His speech was often punctuated rade Enver Hoxha and the other lead• mass rally in which 120,000 people by enthusiastic applause and cheer• ers of the Party and state left the tri• participated. ing, which drew into long ovations. bune saluting the rally. Present in the rally were Comrade On behalf of the Marxist-Leninist This magnificent rally of the working Enver Hoxha and other leaders of the Communist Parties of Europe the rally people of the Capital was an expres• Party and state. was greeted by the head of the dele• sion of the boundless love of the peo• Present also were the foreign dele• gation of the Communist Party of Spain ple for the Party and Comrade gations which attended the work of the (Marxist-Leninist), Comrade Raul Mar• Enver Hoxha, an expression of their 8th Congress of the PLA. ko, on behalf of the Marxist-Leninist unbreakable unity around the Party, For minutes on end the participants communist parties and groups of Ame• their confidence in and determination in the rally ardently applauded and rica the rally was greeted by the head for the future, their revolutionary cheered for the Party and Comrade of the delegation of the Communist readiness to put into practice the de• Enver Hoxha. The powerful "Party- Party of Colombia (Marxist-Leninist) cisions of the 8th Congress of the Party, Enver, we are always ready» burst and on behalf of the Marxist-Leninist to march steadily forward to new victo• from the thousands of their chests. communist parties of Asia, Africa and ries on the brilliant road of the socialist Comrade Enver Hoxha greeted them Oceania, the rally was greeted by the construction in order to make our dear with the raised fist salute. head of the delegation of the Commun• Homeland more prosperous and stronger. COMRADE KADRI HAZBIU'S SPEECH would lead the Albanian people in the greatest and most victorious wars in all Comrades, Party of Labour of Albania and the their history. As Comrade Enver Hoxha Working people of Tirana and all successful conclusion of its historic 8th writes in his memoirs -"When the Party Albania, Congress. Was Bom», «It was bom from the Dear friends and comrades, repre• In the night of the 8th of November, bosom of the people, from their revo• sentatives of the Marxist-Leninist sister 40 years ago, here in Tirana, in the lutionary fire and ardour, which had parties and groups. decisive moments when the destinies of remained inextinguished in the cen• Today our people celebrate two great the Albanian people were in the sca• turies, it was born like the shining sun events: they celebrate the glorious ju• les, Comrade Enver Hoxha with the in the sinister darkness of the fascist bilee of the 40th anniversary of the Albanian communists founded the bonda«re and terror which had afflicted founding of their tested leader, the Communist Party of Albania, which the people and the Homeland.* I The more time elapses, the more the state power, as the form of the dicta• iucaJculable importance of this event torship of the proletariat, and intro• IN THE which marlied the sharpest change in duced the country into the road of so• cialism. FRAMEWORK the many-centuries long history of the In these 37 years of the people's state Albanian people, a history full of wars power, under the leadership of the OF THE 40"" and struggles for freedom and inde• Party with Ckimrade Enver Hoxha at pendence, for the land of the ancestors, the head, the country has been entirely for their legitimate rights to existen• transformed. From the old Albania of ANNIVERSARY ce as a people and nation, for their feudal-bourgeois oppression, poverty OF national language and culture, for li• and illiteracy, no trace has remained. THE FOUNDING beration from oppression, misery and Instead of it, Socialist Albania, in which OF THE PLA AND ITS 8"" CONGRESS View of the mass rally organized in Tirana on the occasion of the sufiering, for social progress, come to any form of oppression and exploita• the relief. tion of the working people has been With the creation of the Party, the liquidated, in which the people them• people brought forth from their ranks selves, with the working class at their the leadership, which was absolutely head, are in power, in wiiich magnifi• necessary for them, and whose line cent progress lias been achieved in all made them more conscious of talking fields, has risen. Today it has a new their destinies in their own hands, and and powerful industry, an intensive no one would ever stop them on the and advanced agriculture which pro• road they had chosen. duces all the bread grain needed, has The strength of the people, under a developed educational and cultural the leadership of the revolutionary system, a modern science and tech• party of the working class, armed with nique, and a strong and unbreakable Marxism-Leninism, would do miracles. defence. In just less than three years after its Albania is the only country in (he founding, the Communist Party of Al• world in which the citizens pay no bania (today the Party of Labour of taxes or taxations, in which one in Albania), raising and leading the entire every three people goes to school, in people in the glorious epic of the Anti- which medication is free of charge for liiscist National Liberation War, libe• all, in which the new life of the broad rated the Homeland from the fascist masses of the people has become and bondage, led to the triumph of the continues to become more and more people's revolution, established the new beautiful and happy every day. Our country knows no crises, unemploy• their boundless loyalty to the Party under its leadership, the creative ener• ment, price rises, inflation, corruption, and to their beloved leader. Comrade gies and the revolutionary qualities of terrorism and the other incurable ills Enver Hoxha, their readiness to al• our people burst out as never before. which errode the capitalist and revi• ways apply its correct Marxist-Leninist Parallel with the work to carry out sionist society from within. The gains line with determination. the tasks of the Sth Five-year Plan, of genuine socialism, which is built in Comrades, we in our country coped with success Albania, in complete conformity with Our Party and people came to the and without any aid from outside with the immortal teachings of Marx, 8th Congress with a rich balance of the grave consequences of the destruc• Engels, Lenin and Stalin, according to victories. tive earthquake of April 15, 1979. En• the great principle of self-reliance and Regardless of the sabotage acts of tire towns and villages were rebuilt in the conditions of a small country the Chinese revisionists, the 6th Five- with the resources of the people and under the savage imperialist-revisionist year Plan was fulfilled in its funda- the state reserves. This is and remains anniversary of the founding of the Party and its 8th Congress. blockade, are living testimony of the mental objectives. The conspiratorial one of the monuments of the socialist invincible strength of Marxism-Lenin- aims of the Chinese to force our Party construction in this period ot our de• ism, the vitality of the socialist order, and country to their knees and to turn velopment. the correct line and leadership of the them from their principled stands, or The Report of the Central Commit• Party of Labour of Albania, the firm to force them to stretch their hands tee, delivered by Comrade Enver Hoxha, determination of our people and their to someone else, in the West or in the and all the documents and decisions steel unity around the Party. East, ended in complete failure, just of the 8th Congress, constitute a magni• With its unshakeable policy of pro• as those of the Titoite renegades and ficent programme of objectives and letarian principles, with its open and the Khrushchevites had done before tasks for our forward march on the bold stands, with its unyielding strug• them. The Party of Labour and social• road of the socialist construction of the gle against imperialism, social-impe• ist Albania have never and will never country and the further strengthening rialism and modern revisionism, with kowtow to pressures, from whatever of the defence of the Homeland, as well its internationalist support which it quarter they come. They have never as in the struggle against imperialism, has given and continually gives to fallen and will never fall into the trap social-imperialism, reaction and mo• the revolutionary and liberation move• of the hypocritical smiles and offers dern revisionism. They are the con• ment, our Party has made our Home• for ^open doors^s from whomsoever sistent continuation, the further deve• land dearly loved and respected, an they come, from the American imperi• lopment and enrichment of the poli• inspiring example for all the revolu• alists and others, or from the Soviet so• tical line and the Marxist-Leninist tionaries, for the freedom-loving and cial-imperialists and their stooges. theoretical thinking of our Party in the progressive people. In the course of the struggle against present conditions of the country and This is why in this great celebration difficulties and all the enemies, exter• on the international plane. of the 40th anniversary of the Party, nal and internal, our Party was fur• The orientations and tasks laid down our entire people once again express ther strengthened and tempered, and by the 8th Congress of the Party reflect the summing up of the experience one people formed in the centuries, IN THE gained in the period between the two one people who have their own history, congresses for the continuous streng• language, culture and who have un• FRAMEWORK thening and tempering of the Party, ceasingly fought in defence of their the enhancement of its leading rede, national identity and their existence. for the correct development of the class We support them because we consider OF THE 40"" struggle and the all-round strengthen• their demands to liquidate inequality ing of the dictatorship of the proleta• and economic backwardness, to develop ANNIVERSARY riat, for raising the communist edu• their national education and culture, to cation of the worliing people to a new gain the right of the status of the Re• OF and higher degree, for placing the work public within the Yugoslav Federation, of the Party, the state and economic to be just demands. The Jugoslav autho• THE FOUNDING organs and the social organizations on rities must cease their terror and a sounder scientific basis. persecution against the Albanians and The 8th Congress of the Party ana• recognize to them all the rights which OF THE PLA lysed and endorsed the directives of belong to them. the 7th Five-year Plan of the develop• The foreign policy of our Party and AND ITS ment of the economy and culture, the state, in the future, too, will be a po• realization of which relies completely licy based on principles, characterized S'" CONGRESS on the material, human and financial through and through by uncompromis• sources and reserves of the country, ing struggle against imperialism, with without any aid and credit from out• US imperialism at the head, against side. These specific features of this Soviet and Chinese social-imperialism, plan bring into special confrontation against national oppression, racism two opposing systems: our socialist and reaction, against imperialist war, system full of vitality and the outright will be characterized by the relentless rotten capitalist-revisionist system and consistent struggle for the expo• which is wriggling in the profound sure of modern revisionism of all co• crisis of insurmountable antagonistic lours, whether of the Titoite, Khrush- contradictions. chevite-Brezhnevite, Chinese or Euro- The Congress expressed the nnshake- communist currents. able confidence that the heroic working The principled policy is the only class, the patriotic cooperativist pea• correct policy, said Lenin, and we al• santry and the people's intelligentsia, ways act according to this teaching. our entire people, old and young, will However there are some who pitty continually be on their feet as one, will us claiming that this policy leads to mobilize all their forces, mental and the isolation of Albania. When such physical, all their revolutionary energies rumours are spread by the imperialists and will make this magnificent program and the social-imperialists we repeat of the economic and social development to tltem that they are hoping against in the 7th Five-year Plan, a reality. hope when they want to sec socialist The 8th Congress defined the line Albania change its line and policy, and the tasks of the foreign policy of or that it renounces its principles and our Party and state for the coming enters the umbrella of one or the other period. Marxism-Leninism, the efforts superpower. We do not fall in for their to guarantee the most favourable exter• deceptive tactics because we know nal conditions possible for the cons• them for what they are; we are not truction of socialism and for the de• afraid of their threats because our en• fence of the independence of the tire people, united as one around the Homeland, unreserved support for the Party and determined to make the just revolutionary and liberation strug• sublime sacrifice in order to bring gles, the principles of good neighbour• about the defeat of any venture against liness: equality, sovereignty, non-inter• socialist Albania, stand guard of the ference in the internal affairs, and ex• Homeland. They will never catch us changes of mutual benefit, vidth all those unprepared. We will never give up our states which maintain a correct stand independent policy, or the struggle to towards our country, will, as always, publicly expose the dangerous policy of underlie the foundations of this policy. oppression, expansion and aggression Sticking consistently to these princi• of the superpowers which are pushing ples, we have defended and will the world towards a new bloodbath. staunchly defend the rights which be• We will always maintain our sharp vigi• long to our brothers who live in their lance, never for a moment forgetting own lands in Kosova, Macedonia and the situations in which we are workins Montenegro, who constitute one ethny, and living, and will keep our powder dry. Rumours about the isolation of Alba• try, because they are a great source ists, has been raised and kept high by nia also come from our well-wishers, of inspiration and strength for us. the Party of Labour of Albania and who sincerely concern themselves about Likewise, we assure our dear friends the genuine Marxist-Leninist parties. its destinies. And we, with the same and comrades that the Party of La• The spirit of the Red October is felt feelings of good-will, tell them that bour, socialist Albania and the Alba• and is spreading more and more every they have no cause to worry. nian people will always be besides day in our time when the deepening Albania has never been and will never them in the difficult, heroic and glo• of the general crisis of capitalism has feel itself isolated. It maintains diplo• rious struggle which they wage, and shaken this old parasitic system and matic, trade and cultural relations with will always carry out with honour its spawn — modern revisionism, to a great number of states. Above all, their international duty. their foundations, when the situations socialist Albania has had and conti• Dear comrades and friends. in the world are developing towards nuously has the powerful solidarity and Besides the 40th anniversary of the their further revolutionization, when support of the world proletariat, the founding of our Party of Labour these the revolution and the liberation war freedom-loving peoples, the progressive days we also ce'.ebrate the 64th anni• of the peoples have become a problem peoples and forces all over the world. versary of the triumph of the great Octo• put forward for solution. The cause of A living testimony of this is also the ber Socialist Revolution, which was the working class and of the freedom- participation of the representatives of achieved under the leadership of the loving peoples and the great cause of the Marxist-Leninist parties and groups Bolshevik Party, led by Lenin and the October Revolution will win! from all the continents in the 8th Con• Stalin. The 7th of November has been gress of our Party and in this mass and is the great celebration of the With unshakeable confidence in the rally. These Marxist-Leninist parties working people the world over. correctness of the Marxist-Leninist ge• and groups represent a great force, to The Khrushchevite revisionists, who neral line of our Party, with complete which the future belongs, because un• came to power after the death of the confidence in our forces and with great der the banner which they have raised great Stalin, betrayed the cause of the determination, let us mobilize all our are lined up the many-million masses, October revolution, liquidated the dic• mental and physical energies in order which have risen and will rise more tatorship of the proletariat and the vic• to carry out in practice the magnificent and more every day in struggle and tories of socialism in the Soviet Union, tasks which were set at the 8th Con• revolution for national and social re-established capitalism there and gress of the Party. emancipation, in order to put an end transformed the state of the Soviets Long live the Party of Labour of once and for all to any oppression and into a dangerous centre of the counter• Albania and its historic 8th Congress! exploitation and to build a new world. revolution, into a social-imperialist su• Long live the beloved leader of our In the name of our Party and peo• perpower with ambitions for world Party and people. Comrade Enver ple, we once again express our heart• rule. Hoxha! felt thanks to the sister Marxist-Lenin• However, the ideas of the October Long live our heroic people! ist parties and organizations for the revolution are alive and cannot be Long live proletarian international• solidarity, help and support which they extinguished. Its banner, which was ism! have always given our Party and coun• thrown down by the modern revision• Glory to Marxism-Leninism! rade Enver Hoxha, as well as of the THE MUSEUM Comrades Adil Qarqani, Hekuran Isai, Kadri Hazbiu, Manush Myftiu, Pali OF NATIONAL Miska, Ramiz Alia, Rita Marko, Spiro Koleka, Lenka Quko, Llambi Geg- HISTORY prifti, Pilo Peristeri, Qirjako Mihali, Simon Stefani, of the President of IS INAUGURATED the Presidium of the People's As• sembly, Comrade Haxhi Lleshi, of the members of the Central Committee of On the eve of the 40th anniversary functionaries of various institutions, the Party, of the Presidium of the of the founding of the PLA and of workers in the fields of art and culture, People's Assembly and the Govern• its 8th Congress, the Museum of Na• armymen, young people, students and ment. tional History, one of the greatest so- other guests attended the ceremony Comrade Manush Myftiu, Member of cio-cultural projects of the country, organized on this occasion. the Political Bureau of the Central was inaugurated in Tirana, the capital Those present met with warm ap• Committee and Vice-chairman of the of the PSR of Albania. plause and loud cheers the coming to Council of Ministers of the PSR of Veterans of the war and work, work• the Museum of the First Secretary of Albania, delivered the speech of the ers of work and production centres, the Central Committee of the PLA, Com• occasion. Comrade Enver Hoxha, the beloved ful of communists, founded the Com• IN THE leader o/ the Party and the people, cut munist Party of Albania, an event the inauguration ribbon amid the great which would mark the beginning of FRAMEWORK rejoicing and enthusiasm of those pre• a new epoch, makes a feeling of pride sent. Then the leaders of the Party well up from our hearts. In these OF THE 40"' and the State visited the Museum. 10 years of struggle with difficulties In his speech. Comrade Manush Myf- and savage internal and external ene• ANNIVERSARY tiu said among other things: mies, our Albania, under the leadership •"Our new Museum is a monument of the Party with Comrade Enver OF dedicated to the heroic struggles of our Hoxba at the head, has carried out people for freedom, independence, de• epoch-making transformations. This is THE FOUNDING mocracy and socialism, to their creative the period in which the heroism of genius in the field of material and our people has found its highest and spiritual culture. It reflects the glorious broadest expression. Thousands upon OF THE PLA history of our people from the most thousands of dauntless men and women ancient times to our days, seen in the spared nothing for the liberation of AND ITS prism of Marxism-Leninism. The cul• the country from the Italian and Ger• minant periods stand out in all their man fascist occupiers and for the 8"' CONGRESS brightness: our ancient Illyrian civili• building of a new world. At these mo• zation, the people's struggles under the ments of profound emotion we bow leadership of Skanderbeg, our National our heads with a feeling of great love Renaissance in all the regions inhabited and respect to the memory of the by the Albanian people and the period martyrs, our comrades-in-arms, who of the revolution which rises to its fell on the front of the struggle and I'.ighest point in the Anti-fascist Na• revolution, to the memory of our com• tional Liberation War and in the rades-in-arms who fought and worked construction of socialism. Especially, tirelessly for the construction of social• the historic moment when Comrade ism and who are no longer amongst Enver Hoxha, at the head of a hand• us.» THE NATIONAL EXHIBITION OF POPULAR CULTURE WAS OPENED IN SHKODRA On the 40th anniversary of the found• from all the districts of the country, ing of the PLA and its 8th Congress, popular masters, scholars, ethnograph• the national exhibition of popular cul• ers, etc. ture, one of the greatest cultural acti• Also present were leaders of the vities in this jubilee year, was opened Party ajid state. in Shkodra, under the auspices of the The speech on this occasion was Ministry of Education and Culture and made by the Vice-minister of Educat• the Executive Committee of the Peo• ion and Culture, Anastas Kondo. Among ple's Council of the Shkodra dis• other things, he stressed that the open• trict. ing of this national exhibition and The ceremony organized on this many such exhibitions in the districts occasion, in the -"Enver Hoxha>* street, was organized with the direct instruc• which was recently restored into a tion from and under the direction of museum complex of outstanding values the Central Committee of the PLA and of the material culture, was attended the Council of Ministers, according to by working people of work and pro• the invaluable teachings of Comrade duction centres, cooperativists, working Enver Hoxha, about the better study people of the sectors of art and culture and propagation of the rich values and traditions of our culture, about the efforts and struggles for freedom and storms of the endless fierce battles most extensive utilization of the ex• national independence, for social deve• against the many invaders, during perience of our popular art, about the lopment and progress. An organic, in• which they have created values out• further strengthening of the national separable part of this history is also standing for their creative inspiration, culture and its originality. our ancient and rich material and spi• talent and rare artistic gift. All these The many-centuries old history of ritual culture, which our people have have their deserved place in this natio• our people, he continued, is full of the conserved and developed through the nal exhibition of popular culture. The ceremony organized on this oc• THE NATIONAL EXHIBITION casion was attended by workers of work and production centres, functionaries OF of various departments and institutions, FIGURATIVE ARTS painters, writers, sculptors, young peo• ple, etc. Comrades Ramiz Alia, Manush Myf- tiu, Rita Marko, Simon Stefani, the On the eve of the 4.0th anniversary the Ministry of Education and Culture Member of the CC of the PLA Nexhmie of the founding of the Party and of and the Writers and Artists' League of Hoxha, the first secretary of the Party its 8th Congress, the National Exhibi• Albania was inaugurated in the Gallery Committee of the Tirana District and tion of Figurative Arts, organized by of Figurative Arts in Tirana. other comrades were also present. W Comrade Ramiz Alia, Member of the Political Bureau and Secretary of the Central Committee of the PLA, cutting the inauguration ribbon at the National Exhibition of Figurative Arts. The speech of the occasion was held a profound respect for the artists they by Dritero Agolli, President of the have brought forth from their midst. IN THE Writers and Artists' League of Albania, And regardless of the painter or sculp• who among others, pointed out that tor who creates the work of art, we FRAMEWORK the inauguration of the exhibition was say: socialism is raising all these mo• a great manifestation of the fine arts, numents to a great hero who is called OF THE 40"' of the creativeness of our sculptors, the people. painters, and graphic artists. The year From the present exhibition fi• ANNIVERSARY 1981, he went on, was a year of inten• gurative arts, he went on, one comes sive creative work for our figurative out with the impression that serious OF artists. Our painters and sculptors efforts have been made for a fuller worked in the Museum of National reflection of the past and present real• History where they created 90 major ity of the country, of the Anti-fascist THE FOUNDING artistic works, in the Skanderbeg Mu• National Liberation War and the cons• seum of Kruja, In the National Exhi• truction of socialism, one feels that OF THE PLA bition of Folk Culture in Shkodra and greater attention has been paid to man took part in the creation of several and his work. Proceeding from the AND ITS monumental works of art in the various teachings of the Party and Comrade cities of the country. Therefore, said he, Enver Hoxha, our painters and sculp• this exhibition which is being inau• tors are raising their creative conscious• 8"- CONGRESS gurated and all the other works of art ness, as well as the ideo-artistic level outside it testify to the broad horizon, of their works, higher. Among the the all-round development, the matu• great number of other manifestations, rity and, at the same, the perspective he said in conclusion, the exhibition of our figurative arts. The works of which we are inaugurating in the mo• our fine arts no longer hang on the ments in which Tirana is preparing to walls or stand in the halls of arts exhi• meet the delegates of the 8th Congress bitions, but go beyond them, entering of the PLA, adds to the colour of this into the everyday life of our people and festive atmosphere. enlivening the squares of cities and Then Comrade Ramiz Alia cut the villages with monuments commemorat• ribbon. ing events of the ancient and contem• Those attending visited the exhibi• porary history of our people, who have tion with great interest. • CELEBRATION OF THE 40th ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE ALBANIAN LABOUR YOUTH UNION On the occasion of the 40th anni• mass organisations and other guests versary of the founding of the ALYU, attended the celebration. in the afternoon of November 23rd, in The comrades Ramiz Alia, Pali an atmosphere of rejoicing and revo• Miska, Rita Marko, Hajredin Qeliku, lutionary enthusiasm, the Central Com• Foto Qami, the vice-presidents of the mittee of the ALYU and the Commit• Presidium of the People's Assembly tee of the ALYU for the Tirana Dis• Spiro Koleka and Shefqet Pegi, the trict organized a solemn meeting in president of the General Council of the Partizani Sports Palace of the the WUA Vito Kapo, the first secre• Capital. tary of the Party Committee for the Hundreds of young men and women Tirana District Gaqo Nesho, the presi• who had come from all over the coun• dent of the Executive Committee of try, veterans and former cadres of the the People's Council of the Tirana Dis• youth organization, members of mar• trict Nesip Ibrahimi, members of the tyrs' families, representatives of the Central Committee of the Party, of L. the Presidium of the People's Assem• the 40th anniversary of the founding of the ALYU were declared on this bly and Government were also present. of the ALYU. occasion. The meeting was declared open by The first secretary of the Central The solemn meeting addressed a mes• the first secretary of the ALYU Com- Committee of the ALYU, Lumturi Re- sage of greeting to the Central Com• mitee for the Tirana District Drini xha, delivered the speech of the oc• mittee of the Party of Labour of Alba• Nushi. casion. nia. Amid the enthusiasm and applause Then an artistic program was per• The youth organizations, the young of those present, the alternate member formed for the participants in the meet• men and women who were decorated of the Political Bureau of the Central ing. with different orders and medals by Committee of the PLA, Comrade Foto November 23rd, the day of the the Presidium of the People's Assemb• Qami read the greeting which the be• founding of the organization of the loved leader of the Party and people. ly, as well as the youth organizations ALYU, was celebrated in an atmos• Comrade Enver Hoxha, addressed to of 10 districts which were honoured phere of rejoicing and revolutionary the new generation on the occasion of with banners by the Central Committee enthusiasm all over the country. our Party and People, Enver Hoxha, INAUGURATION personally. The secretary of the Central Com• OF THE mittee of the ALYU, Etemie Zeneli, greeted those present on behalf of the LEZHA-SHKODRA RAILROAD Central Committee of the AJLYU. The vice-president of the Presidium worked on the building of the new On November 22, the eve of the of the People's Assembly of the PSRA, railroad. 40th anniversary of the founding of Comrade Spiro Koleka, declared those The arrival of the train at Shkodra the organization of the ALYU, our who had been decorated. Station was met with songs and working, cooperativist, student and mi• The letters which the representatives dances, with enthusiastic cheers by litary youth and, together with them, of 137 volunteer brigades and veterans thousands of young men and women, the whole inhabitants of the Shkodra of the first youth actions addressed builders and specialists, workers, co- region, experienced moments of great to the First Secretary of the Central operativists, militarymen, students. joy and happiness. The Lezha-Shko- Committee of the PLA, Comrade Amid applause and cheers for the dra railroad was inaugurated, a beauti• Enver Hoxha, were read at the meeting. Party and Comrade Enver Hoxha, the ful present of our heroic youth on the They expressed the boundless love of member of the Political Bureau and occasion of the 40th aniversary of the the youth for the PLA and their re• secretary of the CC of the PLA, Com• founding of the PLA, of its 8th Con• volutionary determination, under the rade Simon Stefani, cut the inaugura• gress, and the 37th aniversary of leadership of the PLA, to be always a tion ribbon. the liberation of the Homeland and shock detachment in the construction At the meeting organized on this oc• the triumph of the people's revolu• of socialism and the defence of the casion, the alternate member of the tion. Homeland, to raise the glorious tradi• Political Bureau of the CC of the PLA, tion of youth actions to an ever higher The train left Mjeda Station in the Comrade Besnik Bekteshi, addressed level, to make the magnificent tasks direction of Shkodra, with the repre• those present on behalf of the Central sentatives of about 7,000 volunteers Committee of the PLA, the Council of set by the historic 8th Congress of the from all over the country who had Ministers and the beloved leader of PLA, a reality. During breaks between the sessions the delegates meet and talk cordially with one another. Albania t:oday tiALBANIA TODAYn helps you to become acquainted with the Albanian reality and the Albanian view about the most important international problems. Read the review a ALBANIA TODAY» Subscribe to the review Subscriptions are made with the €iNdermarria e Libritn Tirane, Albania