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Cisco Broadband Data Book Broadband Data Book © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. THE BROADBAND DATABOOK Cable Access Business Unit Systems Engineering Revision 21 August 2019 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1 Table of Contents Section 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 4 Section 2: FREQUENCY CHARTS ........................................................................................ 6 Section 3: RF CHARACTERISTICS OF BROADCAST TV SIGNALS ..................................... 28 Section 4: AMPLIFIER OUTPUT TILT ................................................................................. 37 Section 5: RF TAPS and PASSIVES CHARACTERISTICS ................................................... 42 Section 6: COAXIAL CABLE CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................. 64 Section 7: STANDARD HFC GRAPHIC SYMBOLS ............................................................. 72 Section 8: DTV STANDARDS WORLDWIDE ....................................................................... 80 Section 9: DIGITAL SIGNALS ............................................................................................ 90 Section 10: STANDARD DIGITAL INTERFACES ............................................................... 100 Section 11: DOCSIS SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................... 108 Section 12: FIBER CABLE CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................ 123 Section 13: OPTICAL PASSIVES ..................................................................................... 127 Section 14: PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS ................................................................... 138 Section 15: MPEG PACKET TRANSPORT ........................................................................ 148 Section 16: OPTICAL WAVELENGTH DESIGNATIONS..................................................... 161 Section 17: HFC PERFORMANCE CALCULATIONS ......................................................... 167 Section 18: BROADBAND PARAMETERS ........................................................................ 186 Section 19: WEIGHTS and MEASURES ........................................................................... 209 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2 NOTES ON THE REPRESENTATION OF NUMBERS Throughout this publication, numbers representing quantities (as distinct from dates) are printed using the conventions of English- speaking countries. That is to say, the decimal point is represented by a period (.) and numbers greater than one thousand have their digits ordered in groups of three, with a comma (,) separating each group. Thus, the number one million, two hundred and thirty-four thousand, five hundred and sixty-seven point eight nine is written as: 1,234,567.89 It should be noted that the use of the period and the comma is reversed in many European countries. To avoid confusion, the convention originated by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is sometimes used. This recommends the use of the comma as an indicator of the decimal point, and a space instead of a comma to separate the groups of three digits in large numbers. By this convention, the example given above becomes: 1 234 567,89 Note, however, that the date (year) is written without commas or separators. © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3 Section 1: INTRODUCTION Cisco’s Broadband Data Book, Revision 21 (August 2019), represents the latest in a series of popular and informative pocket technical guides for the cable telecommunications industry. Some new material has been added to what was available in Revision 20 (July 2016), and much of the previous material has been retained – some for historical reference purposes. Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the content of this publication. Any errors and omissions are unintentional. © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 4 HOW TO USE CISCO’S BROADBAND DATA BOOK Carrying on a tradition started years ago at Scientific-Atlanta with what was originally called Technical Applications Data, then CATV Data Book, Cisco’s Broadband Data Book is intended to be used as a quick-reference guide for topics related to broadband network technology. The content provided here has been compiled from various sources such as product data sheets and industry standards and specifications. For more in-depth information, you are encouraged to consult the original source material as well as publications and other resources as noted. The Broadband Data Book is divided into multiple sections, each focusing on a particular technology and related topics (refer to the Table of Contents), helping to simplify locating the material of interest. For example, Section 6 includes attenuation and loop resistance specifications for several makes and sizes of hardline, subscriber drop, and headend coaxial cables. Take a few minutes to thumb through this edition of the Broadband Data Book and familiarize yourself with the layout and content. © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 5 Section 2: FREQUENCY CHARTS North American Cable Channel Plan 6 MHz-wide channel allocations used in North American and some other cable networks are defined in CTA Standard “Cable Television Channel Identification Plan” CTA-542-D R-2018 (Formerly CTA-542- D), updated February 2019. The original standard was developed by a joint EIA/NCTA committee, and was variously known as the EIA/NCTA, EIA, and IS-6 channel plans. The Consumer Electronics Association (now called the Consumer Technology Association) subsequently published updated versions of the standard under the designation CEA-542. Version CEA- 542-D was renamed CTA-542-D after the Consumer Electronics Association changed its name to the Consumer Technology Association. The standard has since been updated to CTA-542-D R- 2018. Some in the industry still refer to 6 MHz-wide cable channels as ‘EIA channels,’ but that designation was deprecated many years ago. The correct terminology is ‘CTA channels.’ The following related terms and definitions may be useful to the reader. channel – A portion of the electromagnetic spectrum used to convey one or more RF signals between a transmitter and receiver. May be specified by parameters such as start and stop frequencies, center frequency, bandwidth, or CTA channel number. CTA-542-D R-2018 – A Consumer Technology Association standard that defines a channel identification plan for 6 MHz-wide channel frequency allocations in cable networks. harmonic related carriers (HRC) – A method of spacing channels in a cable television network defined in CTA-542- D R-2018, in which visual carriers are multiples of 6.0003 MHz. © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 6 incremental related carriers (IRC) – A method of spacing channels in a cable television network defined in CTA-542- D R-2018, in which all visual carriers except channels 5 and 6 are offset +12.5 kHz with respect to the standard channel plan. Channels 5 and 6 are offset +2.0125 MHz with respect to the standard channel plan. single carrier quadrature amplitude modulation (SC-QAM) – The designation for legacy QAM signals carried on cable networks. standard frequencies (STD) – A method of spacing channels in a cable television network defined in CTA-542- D R-2018. Channels 2-6 and 7-13 use the same frequencies as over-the-air channels 2-6 and 7-13. Other cable channels below Ch. 7 down to 91.25 MHz and above Ch. 13 are spaced in 6 MHz increments. The following table includes examples of CTA-542-D R-2018 channel numbers, visual carrier frequencies, and SC-QAM center frequencies (frequencies shown in MHz). STD IRC HRC STD IRC HRC CTA (analog (analog (analog (SC-QAM (SC-QAM (SC-QAM Channel visual visual visual center center center carrier) carrier) carrier) frequency) frequency) frequency) 2 55.2500 55.2625 54.0027 57.0000 57.0000 55.7500 3 61.2500 61.2625 60.0030 63.0000 63.0000 61.7500 4 67.2500 67.2625 66.0033 69.0000 69.0000 67.7500 5 77.2500 79.2625 78.0039 79.0000 81.0000 79.7500 6 83.2500 85.2625 84.0042 85.0000 87.0000 85.7500 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 7 CATV channels (Standard frequency plan1) North America CTA channel Channel limits Analog SC-QAM3 Designation2 Visual Center new old bottom top carrier frequency 2 2 54.00 60.00 55.2500 57.00 3 3 60.00 66.00 61.2500 63.00 4 4 66.00 72.00 67.2500 69.00 1 A-8 72.00 76.00 NA NA 5 5 76.00 82.00 77.2500 79.00 6 6 82.00 88.00 83.2500 85.00 95 A-5 90.00 96.00 91.2500 93.00 96 A-4 96.00 102.00 97.2500 99.00 97 A-3 102.00 108.00 103.2500 105.00 98 A-2 108.00 114.00 109.2750 111.00 99 A-1 114.00 120.00 115.2750 117.00 14 A 120.00 126.00 121.2625 123.00 15 B 126.00 132.00 127.2625 129.00 16 C 132.00 138.00 133.2625 135.00 17 D 138.00 144.00 139.2500 141.00 18 E 144.00 150.00 145.2500 147.00 19 F 150.00 156.00 151.2500 153.00 20 G 156.00 162.00 157.2500 159.00 21 H 162.00 168.00 163.2500 165.00 22 I 168.00 174.00 169.2500 171.00 7 7 174.00 180.00 175.2500 177.00 8 8 180.00 186.00 181.2500 183.00 9 9 186.00 192.00 187.2500 189.00 10 10 192.00 198.00 193.2500 195.00 11 11 198.00 204.00 199.2500 201.00 12 12 204.00 210.00 205.2500 207.00 13 13 210.00 216.00 211.2500 213.00 23 J 216.00 222.00 217.2500 219.00 24 K 222.00 228.00 223.2500 225.00 25 L 228.00 234.00 229.2625 231.00 26 M 234.00 240.00 235.2625 237.00 27 N 240.00 246.00 241.2625 243.00 28 O 246.00 252.00 247.2625 249.00 29 P 252.00 258.00 253.2625 255.00 30 Q 258.00 264.00 259.2625 261.00 31 R 264.00 270.00 265.2625 267.00 32 S 270.00 276.00 271.2625 273.00 33 T 276.00 282.00 277.2625 279.00 34 U 282.00 288.00 283.2625 285.00 35 V 288.00 294.00 289.2625 291.00 36 W 294.00 300.00 295.2625 297.00 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates.
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