PE 49 December 5, 1969 H

CH&INMAH MA(l, UrcE-CTEAIRfrTf,il LIII AilD PREIffiIER GII(IU SEI{II frTE$$ASE &A T(} G(}ffiTADE$ H()X[Ifl, ILE$ffi! AIIII SHEHU

- Extending the wormest greetings on the 25th onniversory 4, of the liberotion of Albonio {& U.S.-Jqponese Resctionqries' Criminol Designs ,W Ghaitman tlao's ttlilitary Thinking ls the

illagie Weapon Ess 0efeatimg the Ememy ou0TATroils FRoH GHltntttil rlr[0 I$ETUIO

Ihe Parties and peoples of and have cemented a profound revolutionary friendship in socialist revolution and socialist construction and in the struggle against imperialism and modern . This friendship founded on the basis of Marxist-Leninist and proletarian internationalist principles is eternal and indestructible.

The revolutionary friendship between the peoples of China and AJbania has stood the test of fierce international class struggles.

No matter what happens in the world, our two Parties and our two peoples will always be united, will always fight together and be victorious together.

The time is not far off when all the aggressors in the world will be buried together with their running dogs. There is no es- cape for them.

Break down foreign conventions and follow our own road in developing industry, PRETIIER GH(IU $E]ID TIIESSAGE T(} G(}TIRAIIES H(IXHI, ttE$HI IIID SHEHU

- Extending the wormest greetings on the 25th onniversory of the liberotion of Albonio

I\r OnfnaOE Mao Tsetung, the great leader of the Twenty-five years ago, under the leadership of Chinese people and Chairman of the Central the Albanian Party of Labour headed by Comrade Committee of the Communist Party of China, Com- , the Albanian people. taking up arms, rade Lin Piao, Vice-Chairman of the Party Central advancing wave upon wave- fighting indomitably, Committee, and Comrade Chou En-lai, Premier of going through protracted struggles and relying on the State Council of the People's Republic of China, their own efforts, defeated the Italian-German on November 28 sent a message to Comrade Enver fascist occupationists and liberated their ovrn father- Hoxha, the great leader of the Albanian people and land. This is a great victory in the history of the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Albanian people's revolutionary struggle. Albanian Party of Labour, Comrade , In the 25 years since liberation, under the wise President of the Presidium of the People,s Assembly leadership of the Albanian Party of Labour. the People's of the Republic of Albania, and Comrade heroic Albanian people, holding aloft the red banner , Chairman of the Council of Minis- of Marxism-Leninism, fearing neither hardship nor ters of the People's Republic of Albania, extending peril and'defying brute foice, have crushed the the warmest greetings on the 25th anniversary of subversion, sabotage and trouble-making by the the liberation of Albania. The message reads in full class enemies at home and abroad, defended the in- as follows: dependence of the fatherland and safeguarded the socialist the state. Upholding the dictatorship of proletariat and persisting in taking the socialist Comrade Enver Ifoxha, First Secretary of the road, the Alhanian people have achieved brilliant Central Committee of the Albanian party of successes in socialist revolution and socialist con- Labour, struction. Albania's revolutionization movement has pushed the socialist revolution to a more Comrade Haxhi Lleshi, President of the Presidium deepening stage, greatly transformed the mental people,s of the Peop1e's Assembly of the outlook of the peopie and further promoted the Republic of Albania, vigorous development of the cause of socialist con- struction. people Comrade Mehmet Shehu, Chairman of the The Albanian have waged valiant struggles Council of Ministers of the people,s Republic against imperialism headed by the United of Albania, States, modern revisionism with the Soviet revision- ist ruling clique as its centre and the reactionaries Dear Comrades: of all countries and made outstanding contributions At a time when the fraternal Albanian people, to the revolutionary cause of the people the world with the pride in victory, are joyously celebrating over. Today, socialist Aibania has become a strong the 25th anniversary of the liberation of their bulwark in supporting the proletariat and revolu- fatherland, we, on behalf of the Communist party tionary people of the world in their struggle for liberation. of China, the Government of the people,s Republie of China and the entire Chinese people, extend the The brilliant victories of the Albanian people warmest greetings to you and to the Albanian party are victories for the proletarian revolutionary line of Labour, the Government of the people,s Republic of the Albanian Party of Labour headed by the of Albania and the entire Albanian people. great Marxist-Leninist Comrade Enver Eloxha. The

Deceraber 5, 1Xi9 Albanian Party'6f'ta,bour and the Albanian people modern revisionists and the reactionaries of aII coult- have enriched the treasure house of Marxism- tries may struggle, they cannot save themselves Leninism with their brilliant revolutionary practice. from their inevitable doom. Their days are num- proletariat The Chinese people and the Communist Party bered. Let us unite closely with the throughout people of China are immensely elated over the splendid the world and all the oppressed and nations greater achievements and great victories of their close com- to win still victories! rades-in-arms the Albanian people and the AI- Long live the heroic Albanian pmple! banian Party -of Labour. the protracted com- In Long live the everlasting, unbreakable militant mon struggle, our two Parties, two Governments friendship between Chinese and Albanian peoples profound the and two have forged revolution- peoples! ary friendship between them. Our friendship is based on Marxism-Leninism and proletarian inter- Mao Tsetung, Chairman. of the Central nationalism and has stood the test of violent storms. Committee of the Communist Party of The constant growth of the friendship between China China and Albania will certainly produce an in- Lin Piao, Vice-Chairman of the Central creasingly far-reaching effect on the international Committee of the Communist Party of communist movement and the revolutionary cause China of the people of the world. Chou En-lai, Premier of the State Council Today, the revolutionary struggle of the peo- of the People's Republic of China ples of the world has entered a new historical stage. No matter how frenziedly the imperialists, the November 28th, 1969

Chinese Porty ond Governrnent Delegotion Attends Celebrotions ln Tirono rftHE Chinese Party and Government Delegation with eign Trade; and Wang Hsiu-chen, Member of the I Li Hsien-nien, Member of the Political Bureau of Party Central Committee, textile worker and leading the Central Committee of the Communist Party of member of the Shanghai Municipal Revolutionary Com- China and Vice-Premier of the State Council of the mittee. People's Republic China, as head, and Teh- of the Li Seeing the delegation off at the airport were: Chou sheng, Alternate Member of the Political Bureau of the En-Iai, Standing Committee Member of the Political Party Central Committee, Member of the Com- Military Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist mi.ssion the Party Central Chairman of Committee and Party of China and Premier of the State Council; Kang Committee Anhwei Province, of the Revolutionary of Sheng, Standing Committee Member of the Political as the deputy head, left Peking for Tirana by special Bureau of the Party Central Committee; Wu Fa-hsien, plane on November 25 to take part in the celebrations Yao Wen-yuan, Huang Yung-sheng and Hsieh Fu-chih, of the 25th anniversary of the liberation of Albania Members of the Political Bureau of the Party Central and the victory of the people's revolution at the invita- Committee; Chi Teng-kuei, Alternate Member of the tion of the Central Committee of the Albanian Party Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee; Wang of Labour and the Council of Ministers of the People's Hsin-ting, Kuang Jen-nung, Wu Teh and Wu Jui-lin, Republic of Albania. Members of the Party Central Committee; Huang Chih- Members of the delegation are: Keng Piao, lWember yung, Alternate Member of the Party Central Commit- of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of tee; and leading members of the departments concerned. China and Chinese Ambassador to Albania (already in Xhorxhi Robo, Albanian Ambassador to China, was Tirana); Chang Ta-chih, Member of the Party Central also present at the airport. Committee and Commander of the Artillery of the Chi- nese People's Liberation Army; Li Chiang, Member of The Chinese Party and Government Delegation ar- the Party Central'Committee and Vice-Minister of For- rived in Tirana on the afternoon of November 26. Wel-

4 Peking Reoiew, No. 49 I

coming the Chinese delegation at the airport were: the Revolutionary Committee of Anhwei Province, as l\{ehmet Shehu, Member of the Political Bureau of the the deputy head. Central Committeq of the A1bani4n Party of Labour Present on the occasion were , Gogo and Chairman of the Council of Ministeis; Adil Carcani, Nushi, , , , Beqir Balluku, , Hqki Toska, Hysni Kapo, Mehmet Shehu, Ramiz AIia and , Members , Rita Marko and , Members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee'of the of the Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee; Albanian Party of Labour; , Secretary Abdyl Kellezi, , Koco Theodhosi, Petrit of the Party Central Committee; Bexhar Shtylla and Dume and Pilo Peristeri, Alternate Members of the Nesti Nase, Members of the Party Central Committee; Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee; and Piro Bita, Director of the International Department Xhafer Spahiu, Secretary of the Party Central Com- of the Party Central Committee. mittee; Bexhar Shtylla, President of the Albanian Peo- ple's Assembly; Members of the Party Central Com- Comrade Enver Hoxha had a most cordial and mittee, Members of the Presidium of the People's As- friendly talk with the Chinese cbmrades. sembly, government ministers and representatives of Mehmet Shehu, Member of the Political Bureau mass organizations from capital. all circles in the of the Central Committee of the Albanian Party of Comrade Enver Hoxha, the great leader of the Labour and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albairian people and First Secretary of the Central the People's Republic of Albania, received and gave a Committee of the Albanian Party of Labour, received dinner to all the members of the Chinese Party and in the Building of the Central Committee of the Al- Government Delegation in the Building of the Council banian Party of Labour on the morning of November of Ministers on the evening of November 26. 27 all the members and entourage of the Chinese Party and Government Delegation with Li Hsien-nien, Mem- The reception and the dinner proceeded in a most ber of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee cordial and friendly atmosphere. of the Communist Party of China and Vice-Premier oI *aa the State Council, as the head, and Li Teh-sheng, Al- ternate Member of the Political Bureau of the Party The Chinese Journalists' Delegation with Hsieh Li- Central Committee, Member of the Military Commis- fu as its leader and Tai Feng, deputy leader, also went sion of the Party Central Committee and Chairman of to Tirana to take part in the celebrations.

Moss Rolly, Militory Review qnd Parode in Tirana Grond Celebrstion of the 25th Anniversory of the Liberotion Of Albonio I Celebration Meeting Present on the rostrum were: First Secretary of l the Central Committee of the Albanian Party of Labour \ flN November 2B, a rally was held at the "Par- Comrade Enver Hoxha, President of the Presidium of \-' tisan" Sports Palace in Tirana to celebrate the the Albanian People's Assembly Comrade Haxhi Lleshi, 25th anniversary of the liberation of Albania and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers Comrade Mehmet victory of the people's revolution. The meeting was Sheiru; Comrades Adil Carcani, Beqir Bal1uku, Gogo organized by the Central Committee of the Albanian Nushi, Haki Toska, Hysni Kapo, Manush Myftiu, Ramiz Party of Labour, the Presidium of the People,s As- Alia, Rita Marko, Spiro Koleka, Abdyl Kellezi. Kadri sembly of the People's Republic of Albania, the Council Hazbiu, Koco Theodhosi, and Pilo Peristeri; of Ministers of the People's Republie of Albania and Members of the Party Central Committee; Members of the General Council of the Democratic Front of Albania. the Presidium of the People's Assembly; government ministers; People's Heroes and Heroes of Socialist La- When Comrade Enver Hoxha and other leading bour; advanced workers and agricultural co-operative comrades of the Albanian Party and Government members, and others. entered the hall and mounted the rostrum, aII present at the meeting rose to cheer and greet them with stormy Also present on the rostrum were Comrade Li applause. Hsien-nien, head of the Chinese Party and Government

Decembet' 5, 7969 I-

Delegation, deputy head of the delegation Comrade ti leadership of the Party of Labour had gone through for Teh-sheng, and the heads of delegations from other the liberation of their fatherland. The 25 years of free, countries. sociaList Albania, he said, have convincingly testified The Chinese Journalists' Delegation and trade to the vitality of the Marxist-Leninist ideology applied creatively Comrade Enver Hoxha. In unions, women, students and friendship delegations from by the Party and period, Albania has been other countries and regions also attended the meeting. this short historical he said, turned into a country with advanced industry, agricul- The meeting was opened by Comrade Mehmet ture, science and technology and powerful national Shehu. When he in his opening address introduced the defence capabilities, and has become a beacon of social- Chinese Party and Government Delegation to the ism in Europe and in the world. meeting, all rose and the hall resounded with warm applause and cheers of "Enver Mao Tsetung!" "Mao Comrade Balluku emphatically pointed out: The - society the Tsetung Blys1!" "People's China!" moulding of new maa of the socialist in - world outlook of Marxism-Leninism and in communist After the playing of the Albanian national anthem, morality constitutes the most brilliant victory for our Comrade Enver Hoxha delivered a long, important Party. Profound revolutionary changes in the spiritual speectr amid stormy applause. His speech was punc- realm of the Albanian people can be seen in every tuated with warm plaudits and cheers. "The Party of sphere of life. Labour!" "Enver Hoxha!" "Party, Enver-we are leader- always ready!" "Enver Mao Tsetung!" and other Comrade Balluku added: Under the slogans were shouted again- and again. The meeting ship of our Party of Labour, the armed forces of ended to the stirring strains of The lntematisnale. Albania will continue honourably to fulfil their duty of defending the people's power, the dictatorship of the proletariat, as they have done in the past quarter of the century. Guided by the teachings of the Party Grand Military Review and and of Comrade Enver Hoxha, they are making revolu- Mass Parade tionary changes in their ideological, political and mili- tary education, continuously strengthening their ties people, prepared ever be- GRAND military review and mass parade was held with the and are more than A people the fl" ir1 Tirana on November 29 to celebrate the 25th fore to accomplish alongside the heroic all annlversary of the Iiberation of Albania and the vic- tasks assigned them by the Party and the fatherland. Lory of the people's revolution. Columns of the heroic He said: The People's Republic of Albania is a People's Army and the masss, imbued with soaring socialist country and she is an important factor for spirit and filled with strong determination, passed by peace and progress in the world. The People's Republic the reviewing stand in the centre of the city for inspm- of Albania has followed and is following the good- tion by Comrade Enver Hoxha, the great leader of the neighbour policy and the policy of maintaining normal Albanian people, and other leading comrades of the relations with countries of different social systems on Albanian Party and Government. This fully demon- the basis of non-intervention and mutual respect for strated the heroic spirit with which the armymen and independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity. civilians of this land of mountain eagles have been With her principled stand and struggle against im- advancing courageously on the broad road of sociatrist perialism and revisionism, the People's Republic of revolution and social.ist construction with pick in one Albania is defending the freedom, independence and hand and rifle in the other, as well as their brilliant revolution of Albania. At the same time, she is under- achievements. taking the internationalist obligation of supporting the When Comrade Enver Hoxha, Comrade Haxhi people of the world in their liberation and revolutionary Lleshi and Comrade Mehmet Shehu mounted the struggles. Comrade Balluku stressed that in future the reviewing stand, the whole square burst into prolonged Albanian Party of Labour and Government will con- applause and cheers. tinue to follow the foreign policy of supporting the people of various countries in their struggle for Mounting the reviewing stand at the same time freedorr5 independence and socialism and against im- were the other leading comrades of the Albanian Party perialism and modern revisionism, the two aggressive and Govenrment. Comrades Li Hsien-nien and Li Teh- forces of our time. Victory will finally belong to the sheng, head and deputy head of the Chinese Party peoples of the world and to revolution. and Government Delqation, and the heads of Party delegations or Party and government delegations of Comrade Balluku stated: The Albanian people will other countries, also mounted the reviewing stand. continue to strengthen the fraternal and unbreakable friendship with the great People's China led by the Before the start of the military review, Comrade great Marxist-Leninist Comrade Mao Tsetung and with Beqir Balluku, Member of the Political Bureau of the a1l the revolutionary people and freedom-loving people Central Committee of the Albanian Party of tabour, of the world. Vice-Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Defence, delivered a speech in which he reviewed After Comrade Balluku's speech, the military the glorious course the Albanian people under the review started. The 45-minute military review force-

6 Peking Reaiew, No. 49 fully demonstrated the powerful strength of the Having overcome the centuries-old econorrric and Albanian People's Army with a glorious revolutionary social backwardness by their tireless, her<'ric work and and militant tradition and its firm resolve to vigilantly creative genius, rarely seen persistence and self-denial, defend the socialist fatherland. the Albanian peopte have developed industry and agri- at rapid rates and raised After the military review, the mass parade began culture, edueation and culture incomparable with The military review and mass parade was permeated their living standards to a degree throughout with a high revolutionary fighting spirit. the past, he added. This ful1y refleeted the boundless love of the Albanian Firmly safeguarding the dictatorship of the prole- people and their army for the Albanian Party of Labour tariat through the class struggle and holding tightiy and Comrade Enver Hoxha, the great leader of the the rifle and the pick, the Albanian people have Albanian people, and the steel-like unity between the defeated with indomitable courage their internal and Party and the people. It demonstrated the Albanian external enemies and completely smashed all their ef- people's resolve to defend the fruits of the people's forts to turn Albania baek to capitalism and foreign revolution and their firm will to build their socialist slavery, he said. Both the U.S. and other imperialists, fatherland into a still more powerful, prosperous and and the renegailes the modern revisionists have - to turn the Albanian -people thriving country. failed and will always fail away from their road of revolution and socialism. Comrade Lleshi point€d out that the Albanian Reception and Festive revolution was unintermpted and would go ahead Grand non-stop. He said: The measures that have been and Fireworks Display are being taken according to the historic orientations of the Fifth Party Congress and the teachings of Com- A GRAND reception was given on the evening of rade Enver Hoxha, have turned Atbada into a country It November 29 in Tirana's Palace of Brigades by in which all-round revolutionizalisq has been realized. the Central Committee of the Albanian Party of Soeialist economie. relations, the zuperstrueturg the Labour, the Presidium of the People's Assembly and Party and the state power, school and culture, produc- the Council of Ministers to warmly celebrate the 25th tion, and national defence and, above all, the ideology anniversary of the liberation of Albania and.the victory of men and women, are being further revolutionized. of the people's revolution. The magnificent victories achieved by Albania Present at the reception were Comrade Enver during these 25 years, he said, are due to t.he wise, Hoxha, the great leader of the Albanian people, Com- far-sighted and determined leadership of the Albanian rades llaxhi Lleshi and Mehmet Shehu and other Party of Labour headed by Comrade Enver Hoxha- leading comrades of the Albanian Party and Govern- They are due to its always correct aod principled ment. Marxist-Leninist line. Prqsent also were People's Heroes and Heroes of Comrade Lleshi stated: The always principle{ Socialist Labour, advanced workers and agricultural co- revolutionary and internationalist foreigl policy of the operative members, veteran guerrillas and martyrs' Party of Labour and the Government of the People's families from all parts of the country, and representa- Republic of Albania, the consistent effort in defence tives of mass organizations, and of the science and of the cause of the freedom-loving peoples, the deter- literary and art circles. mined struggle against imperialism and modern revi- to the Albanian people The Chinese Party and Government Delegation with sionism-all this has ensurd the peoples and Li Hsien-nien as the head and Li Teh-sheng as the the sympathy and solidarity of all Therefore, the jubilee deputy head, and the Party delegations and the Party progressive forces in the world. finds Albania and government delegations from other countries at- of the 25th anniversary of liberation and faithful friends tended the reception. stronger than ever, with numerous in att parts of the world, with a great and merited Comrade llaxhi Llesbr, President of the Presidium international authority and prestige. of the Albanian People's Assernbly, made a speech on people, under behalf of the Central Committee of tJre Albanian Party In conclusion, he said: fire Albanian headed by of Lebour, the Fresidium of the People's Assembly, and the leadership of the Party of Labour the the Council of Ministers. He reviewed the course of Comrade Enver Hoxha, in close friendship with fighting which the Albanian people had gone through great Chinese people and with all the revolutionar5r on their way to freedom and independence and the and freedom-loving peoples of the world, will always great significance of the victory of the war of national march onward on their glorious road of socialism and the in the history of Albania. He said: During towards communism with the firm belief that liberation of the 25 years since the triumph of revolution and the future belongs to revolution and to the triumph establishment of the people's power, the Albanian peo- Marxism-Leninism. ple, united in steel-Iike unity, have achieved tremendous The same evening, 100,000 people watched a grand victories in all fields under the reliable Marxist-Leninist display of fireworks and art perfortnances at Skandt* leadership of the Party of Labour headed by Comrade beg Square in the centre of Tirana in ioyous celebration ftrver Hoxha. of their glorious festive occasion.

Deeember 5, 1969 7 Mqrking 25th Anniyglsar_y of Alhonia's Liberation Amhassador Robo Gives Grand Reception

A LBANIAN Ambassador to China Xhorxhi Robo gave Jusuf Adjitorop, Member of the Political Bureau of fL 6 g1'an6 reception on the evening of November 29 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of in Peking, warmly celebrating the glorious festival of Indonesia, who were in Peking, were also guests at the the Albanian people-the 25th anniversary of the reception. liberation of Albania. Attending the reception were Nane Kutra, Deputy At the reception were Chou En-Iai, Member of the Chief of the Political Department of the Albanian Peo- Standing Committee of the Poiitical Bureau of the ple's Army who is leading the Albanian People's Army Communist Party Central Committee of the Chinese Art Troupe visiting China, and other members of the Premier of the State Council; Chen Po-ta and and art troupe; and other Albanian comrades in Peking. Kang Sheng, Members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee; Leading members of the departments concerned of Huang Yung-sheng, Member of the Politicai Bureau the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party of the Party Central Committee and Chief of the and the Chinese Government, the Chinese People's General Staff of the Chinese People's Liberalion Army; Liberation Army, the Peking Municipal Revolutionary Member Political Bureau the Yao Wen-yuan, of the of Committee and other departments were also present. Party Central Committee; Hsieh Fu-chih, Member of the Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee, Diplomatic envoys of various countries in China Vice-Premier of the State Council and Chairman of attended. the Peking Municipal Revolutionary Committee; Wu Fa-hsien, Li Tso-peng and Chiu Hui-tso, Members of Ambassador Xhorxhi Robo and Premier Chou En- the Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee lai spoi

Ambassador Xhorxhi Robo's Speech

Dear Comrade Chou En-lai, victory has been won in the Great Proletarian Cultural of the great thciught Deiir Comrade Chen Po-ta, Revolution cdrried out on the basis of Chairman Mao Tsetung and personally led by him. Dear Comrade Kang Sheng, The great experience of the Great Proletarian Cultural Dear Comrades and Respected Friends, Revolution and the historic resolutions of the Ninth Na- tional Congress of the Communist Party of China, which Ladies and Gentlemen, have concretized the invincible thought of Chairman Today, the Albanian people are holding grand cele- Mao Tsetung, are.invaluable and should be studied by brations of glorious people strug- the festival - the 25th annivetsary all the revolutionary of the world who are of the liberation of our fatherland from the rule of the gling to throw off exploitation and build up a new Nazi fascist invaders. Please allow me to take this life. o6iportunity to express my most heartfelt thanks to you for attending this reception. Dear cornrades and friends, It is a matter of great rejoicing for us to be cele- The war of national liberation waged against the brating this occasion of great significance to the Al- Italian and German invaders by the Albanian people banian people together with our Chinese brothers, our under the leadership of. the Albanian Communist Party most loyal comrades-in-arms, at a time when complete (today's Albanian Party of Labour) headed by the

8 Peking Reuiew, No. 49 Albanian people's great Ieader Comrade Enver Hoxha with fierce and protracted struggles. .A.lbania had to was the most relentless and heroic war of all the wars change not only the extreme backwardness caused by waged by the Albanian people in history. Albania unprecedented war disruptions and other difficulties, shouldered heavy burdens and was among those coun- but also the backward state caused by the activities of tries which suffered the greatest losses both in man- class enemies at home and disruptive activities of power and material resources in World War II. enemies abroad and by the pressure, encirclement and blockade by U.S.-led imperialism and Soviet revisionist- Exactly 25 years ago today, on November 29,1944, led revisionism. Albania lvon complete Iiberation and the people's rev- olution won victory, putting an end to the fascist rule The unswerving and sharp principled struggle is a and, severing all ties of dependency and enslavement great strugglc waged by the Albanian Party and people with the imperialist powers, the Albanian people won against the Soviet revisionist leadership of Khrushchov complete national independence and overthrew the and today's Brezhnev-Kosygin clique and other revi- political rule of the landlord class and the bourgeoisie. sionists. The revisionists have vainly tried in a thousand Albania for ever freed herself from the system of world and one ways to force the A-lbanian Party and people capitalism. This was the greatest victory won by the to their knees and deprive the Albanian people of their Albanian people in history. freedom. But their hostile schemes and intrigues against our people have met with and will continue to During the historical period_of past years, the 25 meet with ignominious failure. The Soviet revisionist the Albanian people, under the leadership of the AIba- chieftains are enemies of Marxism-Leninism, of revolu- nian Party headed of Labour by Comrade Enver Hoxha, tion and socialism, and of the people of al1 countries have carried out a profound revolutionary transforma- including the Soviet people. tion in all aspects of political, ideological, social, eco- nomic and cultural life. Socialist relations of production The foreign policy pursued by the Government of and socialist social relations have been established the People's Republic of Albania is an independent and throughout the nation in town and countryside. revolutionary policy. It entirely accords with the safe- Albania has been transformed from a backward agricul- guarding of the independence, sovereignty and security tural country into an agricultural-industrial country. of the fatherland and the victory of socialism, and with It has a socialist industry with a high rate of develop- the great cause of the people of :ll countries {ighting ment, a completely collectivized agriculture which has for freedom, independence, national self-determination taken the road of intensive cultivation, a soeialist cul- and genuine international co-operation. We have con- tqre and education which serves the people, a standard sistently supported the great struggle of the fraternal of living which is incomparably better than that of Vietnamese people. against U.S. imperialism and its former days and an impregnable national defence. It puppets and are deeply convinced that the Vietnamese has a splendid prospect of development in all fields people will certainly realize their sacred aspiration so of life. long as they carry their armed struggle through to the end. We support the Arab people in their just struggle great All the victories won in soeialist revol.ution against imperialism and Zionism. rffe fully support the and socialist construction are the result of firm adher- glorious and brave struggle waged' by the Palestinian ence principle to the of self-reliance and the mass line. guerrillas who, holding their guns firmly in their hands The initiative and creativeness of the labouring people on the battlefield, are raisiirg aloft.the banner:of free- have play found full in the unfolding of the revolution- dom and independenee. We support the Asian, African ary ma$s movement, in the all-round struggle to uproot and Latin Amer:iean'peaples in their struggle for free- practices all the evil of bureaucracy and in the inte. dom, democraqr and progr€ss,; gration of cadres with the labouring mas.ses. Workers' supervision is being thoroughly and completely realized Albania is a socialist.country, a country which'loves in all fields of life. Special attention is being paid to peace and fights for it, because peace stems from our the bringing up of new revolutionary peopte armed with socialist system. We do not interfere in the internal Marxism-Leninism, so that they may beeome people,of affairs of other countries, even less wiII we attack others. high morals, courage and revolutionary spirit and firmly But anyone who dares to invade us will certainly be ready to sacrifice themselves for the cause of the rev- buried on the soil of Albania like many enemies who olution and socialism, and in this way a young genera- invaded us in the past centuries. tion capable of carrying forward the revolution is being In the struggle to buitd socialism and defend the well shaped and socialism and communism will pass on fatherland from the threats of imperialism, revisionism from generation to generation in Albania. and reactionaries of all brands, the Albanian people All this is constantly perfecting and consolidating have a strong backing, because they have always our people's power and proletarian democracy. enjoyed the support of the 700 million great Chinese people and the red China of Mao Tsetung. The The road traversed by the Albanian people in the Albanian people are deeply grateful to the Peo- past 25 years was not at all a smooth one it \,vas an ple's Republic of China for its tremendous interna- arduous, a most arduous road. The 25 years- rvere filled tionalist assistance.

December 5, 7969 A genuine, fraternal, rerrolutionary, everlasting and At present, world peace and people's freedom are immortal friendship has been forged between our two gravely endangered by the U.S.-Soviet alliance. " This countries, peoples, Parti.es and people's armies. This counter-revolutionary alliance is primarily spearheaded friendship is unbreakable because it is based on the against the great People's China, because Mao Tsetung's principles of Marxism-Leninism and proletarian inter- red China has become the most powerful and indestruc- nationalism and is a people's friendship and is jointly tible base for world revolution and an insurmountable forged by our two Parties headed respectively by our obstacle for the U.S. imperialists and the Soviet soeial- two great leaders Chairman Mao Tsetung and Comrade imperialists. Should the U.S. imperialists and Soviet Enver Hoxha. revisionists dare to commit aggression against People,s The strength of the great friendship between the China, whether singly or in collusion, what awaits them will be an inevitable, complete Albanian people and the glorious Chinese people has and thorough defeat! outstandingly proven its worth. The Albanian people Thank you once again for your presence at this are proud to be fighting on the same battlefront with recepiion and the attenti.on you have given it. please the great and fraternal Chinese people! Just as Chair- allow me to raise my glass and propose a toast man Mao Tsetung has said, "China and Nbania are separated by thousands of mountains and rivers but to the unbreakable great friendship between Al- our hearts are closely linked." bania and China, The Albanian Party of Labour and the Albanian to the glorious Communist Party of China, people have given full support to China's Great Pro- to the health of Chairman Mao Tsetung, great letarian Cultural Revolution from its very beginning. the and glorious leader of the Chinese people, great The Albanian Party of Labour believes that this rev- a Marxist-Leninist and the closest, most beloved and olution is of great historic significance not only to the most respected friend of the Albanian people, and may he destiny of the Chinese people, but also to the entire live a long life, international workers' and communist movement and the revolutionary people throughout the world. to the health of 'Viee-Chairman Lin Piao, the close comrade-in-arms of Chairman Mao Tsetung, The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution and the resolutions of the Ninth National Congress of the Com- to the Government of the People's Republic of munist Party of China have dearly proved that Com-. China and the health of Comrade Chou En-lai, Premier rade Mao Tsetung's Marxist-Leninist thought on con- of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, tinuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat is an immensely rich, new experience which to the health of Comrade Chen Po-ta and Comrade is of great value to Marxism-Leninism. In appraising Kang Sheng, the thought of Mao Tsetung and the image of Mao to the heroic Albanian people and the Albanian Tsetung in its message of greetingg to the Ninth Na- Party of Labour, and the health of Comrade Enver tional Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Hoxha, the respected and beloved leader of the Al- Central Committee of the Albanian Party of Labour banian people and the closest friend of the Chinese pointed out, "Like a giant rising before the peoples and people, all revolutionaries, Mao Tsetung, the great teacher of to the heatth of the heads of diplomatic missions revolution,. has developed and raised to a new and and their wives, and higher stage the immortal ideas of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin." to the health of all guests present here!

Premier Chou En-lai's Speech

Dear Comrade Ambassador Xhorxhi Robo, Albanian Party of Labour, the Albanian Government Comrades and Friends, and the fraternal Albanian people. We are very happy today to be at this jo),ous Twenty-five years ago, under the leadership of the gathering with .our Albanian comrades and war.mly Albanian Party of Labour headed by Comrade Enver celebrate the glorious 25th anniversary of the liberation Hoxha, the heroic Albanian people defeated the Italian. of Albania like our own festival. Allow me, on behaif German fascist aggressors through armed struggle and established people's of our great leader Chairman Mao and his close con:- the political power, thus setting in rade-in-arms Vice-Chairman Lin Piao and on behalf of Europe a brilliant example of relying on one's own strength and using gun power. the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China the to seize political and the Chinese Government and people, to extend In the 25 years since liberation, under the wise warrn congratulations and high tribute to the Albanian leadership of the Albanian Party of Labour, the heroic people's great leader Comrade Enver Hoxha, the glorious Albanian people, holding aloft the great red banner of

10 Peking Reoiew, No. 49 1 1 t :

Marxism-Leninism, with pick in one hand and rifle in so-called "reversion of Okinawa" is entirely a fraud. the other and giving full ptay to the spirit of self- Ostensibly, it was Nixon who agreed to return to .Iapan reliance and hard work, have smashed all kinds of dis- the U.S. base for aggression Okinawa, but in fact; it, ruptive and subversive schemes of the class enemies at was Eisaku Sato who agreed to turn the whsle o{ Japan home and abroad and won one victory after another into an Okinawa, into a U.S. base for aggression. This in their socialist revolution and sociaiist construction. is a new plot hatched by the U.S. and Japanese reac- Albania, which used to be a poor and backward agricul- tionaries to hoodwink the Japanese people and to fasten tural country, has today become an advanced socialist Japan more tightly to the U.S. war chariot. Abetted by country with modern industry and collective agriculture. U.S. imperialism and drunk with rabid ambitions, the In order to advance the socialist revolution, the Albanian Japanese Sato government is wildly attempting to step Party of Labour headed by Comrade Enver Hoxha has up the revival of militarism and realize its old dream of led the people of the whole country in unfolding an a "greater East Asia co-prosperity sphere." Social- extensive and deep-going mass movement of revolu- imperialism is also actively wooing the Japanese Sato tionization in all the fields of Party and state life. This government and is tryrng to make use of the military movement has greatly promoted the revolutionization alliance between the U.S. and Japanese reactionaries to of people's thinking and vigorously stimulated the rapid oppose China, stamp out the flames of the Vietnamese development of socialist construction. It has provided people's war against U.S. aggression and for national valuable experience in the strengthening of the dictator- salvation, and sabotage the cause of the reunification of ship of the proletariat and the prevention of capitalist Korea. The new military collusion between the U.S. restoration and made new contributions to the enrich- and Japanese reactionaries is a grave provocation against ment of Marxism-Leninism. the people of China, Korea, Viet Nam, Laos, Cambodia Firmly upholding Marxism-Leninism, the Albanian and the other Asian countries and it will also bring great people. Party of Labour and the Albanian people have waged a disasters to the Japanese But today, it is neither tit-for-tat struggle against imperialism, modern revi- U.S. imperialism, nor social-imperialism, nor the Japa- sionism and all reaction, giving powerful support to the nese reactionaries, but the Japanese people and the other end revolutionary struggle of all the oppressed people and Asian peoples, who decide the destiny of Japan the nations of the world. The dauntless heroism and high whole of Asia. The mass movement launched by the milifxry revolutionary spirit of proletarian internationalism of Japanese people against the U.S.Japan alliance the Albanian Party of Labour and the Albanian people is vigorously unfolding. If, in disegard of the firm peo- have won the admiration and praise of the revolutionary opposition of the Japanese and the other Asian people of the whole world. ples, the Sato government should get blinded by its lust for gain and forget itself, and obdurately slide down glorious The record of socialist Albania in the past the road of aggression and expansion, it will certainly 25 years has eloquently proved that the Albanian people be "Iifting a rock only to drop it on its own feet" and people are worthy of the name of a of sublime heroism, come to an even more ignominious end than Hideki Tojo. the Albanian Party of Labour a glorious Marxist-Lenin- ist Party and Comrade Enver Hoxha a great Marxist- In order to suppress the revolutionary struggles of Leninist. Our great leader Chairman Mao has said: the people of the world, contend for world domination "Heroic people's Albania has become a great beacon of and redivide the world, U.S. imperialism and social- socialism in Europe." Today, this beacon is shining forth imperialism are stepping up their mutual collusion as with increasing radiance well as their mutual contention. While loudly crying for and professing their intention to engage in this Comrades and friends! The present world situation "peace" or that kind of they actually are both is developing in a direction even more favourable to the "disarmament," engaged in arms expansion and war preparations. Con- revolutionary struggle of the people of all countries. The fronted rvith these aggressive ambitions and war threats, people's armed struggle in Asia, Africa and Latin Ame- the people the whole world should heighten their rica is developing with each passing day. The revolu- of vigilance, unite and make full mental and material pre- tionary mass movements in Japan, Western Europe, parations. U.S. imperialism and social-imperialism North America and Oceania are surging forward. Of If should launch war aggression, the people of the late, another new high tide of struggle against U.S. im- a .of world should use revolutionary war to eliminate the perialist aggression in Viet Nam has burst forth on a war of aggression and send them all to their graves. big scale in the United States. Ai1 this is converging into an irresistible revolutionary torrent pounding at Comrades and friends ! The two Parties' countries the reactionary rule of U.S. imperialism, social-imperial- and peoples of China and Albania have forged a prc- ism and their lackeys. found revolutionary friendship and militant unity in In order to continue to push forward its policies of their common struggle against imperialism, modern aggression and war in Asia, U.S. imperialism is ener- revisionism and all reaction. Our friendship is founded getically using the Japanese reactionaries as its main on the basis of Marxism-Leninism and proletarian inter- assistant. Recently, Eisaku Sato visited the United nationalism. Just as Comrade Enver Hoxha has said, Stades and issued a joint communique with Nixon. This our friendship is a "friendsh,ip between revolutionaries, communique is a confession of the U.S. and Japanese friendship betrveen comrades-in-arms wto are striving reactionaries on their intensified military collusion. The to win victory for the sacred ideals of socialism and

Decernber 5, 1969 11 conrmunism. Hence this kind of friendship is eternal, . to the unbreakable revolutionary friendship and everlasting, evergrowing and invincible." The Chinese militant unity between the two Parties, .governments people will always follow Chairman Mao's teaching: and peoples of China and Albania, "No matter what happens in the world, our trvo Parties to the health of Comrade Enver Hoxha, the great and our two peoples will always be united, will always leader of the Albanian people and close friend of the fight together and. be victorious together," and will wage Chinese people, a common struggle to completely bury imperialism, great leader modern revisionism and all reaction and build a new to the health of Chairman Mao, the Albanian world without imperialism, without capitalism and of the Chinese people and close friend of the without any system of exploitation! people, Robo and Now, Iproposeatoast to the health of Ambassador and Mme. all the Albanian comrades present, to the brilliant victories won by Albania in the to the health of the heads of diplomatic missions and 25 years since }iberation, their wives now present, and to the heroic Albanian people, to the health of all our comrades and friends pre- to the glorious Albanian Party of Labour, sent here!

Worrnly Celebroting Albqnisn People's Glorious Festivol rnHE Chinese people have held rich and varied activi- tile Mill, the members of the China-Albania Friendship I ties since the latter half of November to celebrate People's Commune, and the fighters of a unit of the the glorious festival of the fraternal Albanian people- Chinese People's Liberation Army under the Peking the 25th anniversary of the liberation of Albania and Military Area Command together with the comrades the victory of the people's revolution. of the Albanian Embassy and other Albanian friends glorious On November 28, over a thousand revolutionary to celebrate this festival. cadres and revolutionary masses in Peking held a big The Albanian People's Army Art Troupe led by celebration rally to salute the heroic Albanian people Nane Kutra, Deputy Chief of the Political Department and to express their firm support for the Albanian of the Albanian People's Army, which had come spe- people in carrying through to the end their struggle cially from Albania to take part in the celebrations in against imperialism and revisionism. Present at the China, gave performances in Peking which were warmly rally were Kang Sheng, Member of the Standing Com- welcomed by the workers, peasants and soldiers of the 2?, Chou En-lai, mittee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee capital. On the evening of November other leading comrades of the Chinese Communist Party; Huang Yung-sheng, Chen Po-ta, Kang Sheng and saw the superb per- Member of the Political Bureau of the Party Central of the Party Central Committee formance of the art troupe and received the responsible Committee and Chief of the General Staff of the Chi- members of the troupe and its main performers. nese People's Liberation Army; Yao Wen-yuan, Mem- i ber of the Political Bureau of the Party Central Com- The revolutionary masses and commanders and i mittee; Hsieh Fu-chih, Member of the Political Bureau fighters of the People's Liberation Army in Tientsin, I of the Party Central Committee, Vice-Premier of the Tsinan, Wuhan and other cities also held rallies to t State Council and Chairman of the Peking Municipal celebrate the Albanian people's glorious festival. Revolutionary Committee; Wu Fa-hsien, Member of the The Sino-Albanian Friendship Association and the Po1itical Bureau of the Party Central Committee and Chinese People's Association for Friendship With For- Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Chinese Peo- eign Countries also organized an "Albanian Film Week" ple's Liberation Army; and Kuo Mo-jo, Member of the on this occasion. Starting from November 29, the Alba- Party Central Committee and Vice-Chairman of the nian feature ftTms Triumph Ooer Death and OId Wound' Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. were shown in Peking, Shanghai, Tientsin, Shenyang, At the rally Comrade Hsieh Fu-chih and Albanian Harbin, Tsinan, Nanking, Wuhan, Changsha, Kwang- Ambassador Comrade Xhorxhi Robo, spoke. Their ehow and other cities. Great publicity was given by speeches were full of proletarian revolutionary senti- Renmin Ribao and the Central People's Broadcasting ments. Station to acclaim the aehievements scored in socialist Rallies were also held by the workers of the Shou- revolution and socialist construction in Albania and tu'Iron and Steel Company and the Peking.No. S'Tex- Chinese-Albanian friendship.

12 Peki,ng Reoieu, No. 49 Heroic People, Spectoculor Victory

- In celebrotion of the 25th onniverssry of the liberotion of Albonio

ITH revolutionary zeal and joy in victory, the Albania under the leadership of Comrade Enver Hoxha heroic people of Albania today celebrate the 25th and the Albanian Party of Labour. This movement anniversary of the liberation of their fatherland and has struck at the ideologl' of the exploiting classes left the victory of the people's revolution. On this glorious over from the o1d society, promoted the revolutioniza- festival the 700 million Chinese people extend the rvarm- tion of people's thinking, tnade closer the ties between est congratulations to the Albanian people with incom- the Party and the masses, given impetus to the develop- parably deep fraternal sentiments. ment of production and strengthened national defence. A revoluti.onary situation full of vigour is prevaiiing Twenty-five years is a mere twinkling in the long throughout the country. Albania's revolutionization history of Albania. But during these 25 years Albania movement is an embodiment of the proletarian revolu- has undergone earth-shaking changes. Under the wise tionary spirit of the Albanian Party of Labour and the leadership of the Albanian Party of Labour headed by Albanian people and has provided valuable experience the great Marxist-Leninist Comrade Enver Hoxha, the in preventing capitalist restoration and consolidating Albanian people have worked historic wonders with the dictatorship of the proletariat. amazing revolutionary courage in transforming a poor and backward mountainous country in Europe into an The glorious Albanian Party of Labour has all advanced impregnable stronghold of socialism. along held aloft the banner of Marxism-kninism and proletarian internationalism, firmly opposed imperial- People's Albania was born in the raging flames of ism headed by the United States, modern revisionism revolutionary struggle. Twenty-five years ago, the with the Soviet revisionist ruling clique as its centre, Albanian people, after a protracted period of bloody and all reaction, and resolutely supported the revolu- and hard-fought battles, defeated the ferocious Italian tionary struggles of the people of the world. When and Germau fascist aggressors with their own revolu- modern revisionism stirred up a counter-revolutionary tionary armed forces, liberated'their own land and adverse current internationally, the Albanian Party of founded a state of the dictatorship of the proletariat. Labour stepped forth bravely, ruthlessly exposed the The victory of the Albanian people's revolution was a treachery of the Soviet revisionist ruling clique and great triumph of Marxism-Leninism in Albania. waged a tit-for-tat struggle against it, thus making During the past 25 years, the Albanian Party of outstanding contributions to the defence of Marxism- principle, Labour and the Albanian people have adhered firmly Leninism. Their heroic spirit of upholding bravery, courage to struggle and to the N[arxist-Leninist line, the dictatorship of the their unyielding their praise admiration proletariat and the socialist road. Heavily encircled by to win victory have won the and imperialism, revisionism and reaction, they have, rvith of the ',vorld proletariat and the revolutionary people "pick in one hand and rifle in the other," maintained in all lands. Today, while the modern revisionist bloc independence and kept the initiative in their own hands, is disintegrating, beset with internal and external dif- its relied on their own efforts and rvaged an arduous ficulties and approaching nearer and nearer to a sky-touching moun- struggle, thus pushing the socialist revolution and so- doom, heroic Albania towers like cialist construction steadily forward. Today, the dic- tain and stands firmer than ever on the coast of the tatorship of the proletariat in Albania has become still Adriatic Sea. more consolidated, its socialist economy and culture are China and Albania are separated by thousands of thriving and the living standards of its people have mountains and rivers, but our friendship is loftier than risen steadily. Albania has become an advanced social- the mountain and deeper than the sea. Forged in the ist country with a modern industry and a collectivized common struggle, our revolutionary, militant friend- agriculture. The Chinese people sincerely rejoice'at ship is based on Marxism-Leninism and proletarian in- the spiendid achievements of the Albanian people in ternationalism. It is unbreakable. In the struggle past the 25 years. against imperialism and modern revisionism, our two In recent years, a vigorous mass moveinent for Parties and two peoples have ahvays supported each revolutionization has been unfolded in the whole of other and fought shoulder to shoulder. In response to

December 5, 7969 13 the invitation from Albania, a Chinese Party and Gov- always be united, will always fight together and be ernment Delegation with Comrade Li Hsien-nien, Mem- victorious together.'f Comrade Enver Hoxha, the 5ireat ber of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee leader of the Albanian people, has pointed out: "The of the Communist Party of China and Vice-Premier of fraternal monolithic friendship between our Party, the State Council, as the head, and Comrade Li Teh- Government and people on the one hand and the Chi- sheng, Alternate Member of the Political Bureau of nese Communist Party, the Chinese Government and the Party Central Committee, Member of the Military people on the other will be evergreen." Commission of Party the Central Committee and Chair- At present, the struggle against imperialism, man the Revolutionary of Committee of Anhwei Prov- modern revisionism and all reaction by the people ince, as the deputy head, is now in Tirana to take part throughout the world is developing vigorously. No in the celebrations of 25th the anniversary of the libera- matter how desperately U.S. imperialism and Soviet tion and people's of Albania the victory of the revolu- revisionist social-imperialism may struggle, the victory tion. This is another manifestation of the fraternal of Marxism-Leninism and the victory of the revolution- friendship and close unity between the two Parties ary struggle of the peoples are irresistible. Let us and two peoples of China and Albania. hold high together the great red banner of Marxism- Chairman Mao Tsetung, the great leader of the Leninism, unite with the proletariat and revolutionary Chinese ,people, has pointed out: "The revolutionary people of the whole world and fight might and main friendship between the peoples sf Qhina and Albania and with full confidence for the complete burial of has stood the test of fierce international class strug- imperialism, revisionism and reaction and all other gles." He has also said: "No matter what happens in vermin! the world, our two Parties and our two peoples will ("Renmin Ribao" eilitorial, Nooember 29)

)rn,ln AEIVMIIf NIBAO

U.$.-Japanese Heactionaries' Griminal Ilesigns

IURING his recent trip to Washington, Eisaku Sato, fraud. According to the U.S.-Japan joint eommunique, .r/ chieftain of the reactionary Japanese Goverrment, the United States merely'prepares to 'lreturrr" to Japan aonducted secret talks with Nixon and issued a "joint the "administrative rights" over Okinawa, while the commrmique" afberwards. Ilnese talks have brought U.S. military bases on that island will remain intact in the U.S. aud Japanese reactionaries' military collabora- the hands of the United States. Since military rule is il tion to a new stage. Ttrat is, in U.S. imperialism's still in the hands of the United States, the so-called counter-revolutionary global strategy, the Japanese "administrative rights" are just so much empty talk. reactionaries have been used to act as a gendarme In the name of military necessity, the U.S. armed for- in Asia and the fugleman in opposition to the Chinese, ces can interfere at any time in the administration, Korean, Vietnamese and all the other peoples of Asia. whieh, however, can only be subservient to military U.S. imperialism and Japanese reaction are further rule. At the same time, the United States absolutely \ strengthening their military alliance and working over- has not made any definite commitment on the ques- time to plan and prepare a new war of aggression. This tion of removing the nuclear weapons installed on its joint is a new trend which warrants the serious attention of bases in Okinawa. Moreover, the communique, the Asian people. couched in ambiguous terms, leaves a leeway for the United States to continue to install nuclear weapons on Ostensibly Sato's recent visit to the United States Okina'ara. This, in fact, means that the United States was to discuss the so-called question of ',the will be allowed to keep its nuclear bases on Okinawa return of Okinawa." Actually, this is a sheer indefinitely. Now, if the United States can still freely

14 Peki,ng Reai,ew, No. 49 use the militaiy bases on Okinawa and keep nuclear ex-prime minister of Japan and a first class war crim- weapons there after the island is "returned" to Japan inal, openly and swaggeringly made his way into and becomes a part of Japan prope& wh5r, then, can't Taiwan. One of these two brothers was howling about the United States do the same in the whole of Japan? Taiwan being "a most irnportant factor" for the secu- Thus it can be seen that the outcome of the U.S.Japan rity of Japan, while the other was ranting about Japan's talks is not the conversion of Okinawa into part of desire to strengthen "amity and co-operation" with Japan proper but the "Okinawanization" of Japan the Chiang Kai-shek bandit gang and pledged to sup- proper. This is a shameless sellout by Eisaku Sato of port the latter in its so-called "counter-offensive Japan's state sovereignty and national interests and a against the mainland." Their utterances are very similar monstrous mockery of the Japanese people's just de- to the old Japanese militarists' hullabaloo about China's mand for the unconditional recovery of Okinawa! three northeastern provinces being the "lifeline" of Japan's security and about "Sino-Japanese co-ope- Ttre reason why Nixon and Sato have painstaking- ration." The Japanese reactionaries' wolfish ambition ly used a variety of tricks on the question of "the re- to obstruct by force of arms the Chinese people's }ibe- turn of Okinawa" is because they want to cover up ration of Taiwan and to support the Chiang Kai-shek the criminal activities of the U.S. and Japanese reac- bandit gang's attempt to make inroads into the main- tionaries in stepping up their military collaboration. At land in exchange for their annexation of Taiwan is all the same time, U.S. imperialism purposely gives Sato too obvious. This is a frantic provocation against the a little nominal poiitical capital so that the Japanese 700 milUon Chinese people. We Chinese people must reactionaries can carry out arms expansion and war on no account treat it lightly! preparations with a free hand and serve the U.S. im- perialist poticy of aggression even more zealously. U.S. imperialism's intensified efforts to use the Japanese reactionaries as a gendarme in Asia is an im- In the joint communique, Nixon and Sato declared portant component part of Nixon's so-called "new in undisguised terms that they "highly valued the Asia policy." Since U.S. imperialism has landed itself role" played by the U.S.Japan "security treaty" in the in an impasse because of the continuing bankruptcy of suppression of the Japanese people and in aggression its policy of aggression against Asia, it has become more against Asia and that they would "firmly maintain the and more anxious to unleash Japanese militarism and treaty." Sato had the impudence to clamour that make it serve as the vanguard for U.S. aggression in China's sacred territory of Taiwan Province was "a Asia. Nixon has time and again stressed that the Japa- most important faetor for the security of Japan," and nese rsaetionaries should play "a leading role" and "a that Ksrea was "essential to Japan's own security." He key role" in Asia with a view to forming a new ag- also declared that the Japanese reactionaries would gressive military alliance with Japan as its backbone also play a "role" in the aggression against the region and the United States as its back-stage manager, so of Indo-China. In this way, the Japanese reactionaries as to realize U.S. imperialism's scheme of making Asians have unscrupulously proclaimed that they not only fight Asians. On their part, the Japanese monopoly want to fasten Japan more tightly to the war chariot capitalist groups whose economic strength has been e:r- of U.S. imperialism but also flagrantly direct the panded are vainly hoping to rely on U.S. irnperialist spearhead of their aggression against China, Korea, support to accelerate the revival of militarism, engage Viet Nam and Indo-China and, when necessary, are in aggression and expansion in a big way, re-establish ready to take the field themselves for military adven- its colonial sphere of influence in Asia and realize its Asia co-prosperity sphere." tures. As a reward, U.S. imperialism agrees to let the old dream of a "greater East Sato's clamour that Japan would further active Japanese reactionaries have a share in such areas as "make undertaking Taiwan, South Korea and the part of Indo-China under contributions" to the counter-revolutionary aggression colossal revelation of this its forcible occupation. This is an extremely vicious of in Asia is a of Japanese militarism. conspiracy jointly engineered by the U.S. and Japanese rabid ambition reactionaries. The great leader Chairman Mao has pointed out: not when all the aggressors in the The Japanese reactionaries have long plotted to "The time is far off buried together with their running dogs. glab China's sacred territory of Taiwan Province. world will be There is no escape for them." \,Yith U.S. imperialist backing, they have become ever more unbridled and undisguised in carrying out con- Eisaku Sato has wildly shouted that after the spiratorial activities for this purpose. Simultaneously ttreturn" of Okinawa, Japan will enter a so-called 'tnew with Sato's visit to the United States, Nobusuke Kishi, Pacific era" in which it will rule supreme in the Asian

December 5, 1969 75 and Pacifie region while Nobusuke Kishi howled for features .as the enemy of the people of Asia and the ueating a '{nsw Asia" of ttre 1970s. They are blinded rest of the world. by their :presumptuous self-conceit .and overrveening ambition! The present era is one in which imperialism The Chinese people are determined to liberate.Tai- is heading for total collapse and socialism is advancing wan. They resolutely support the Japanese people's towards worldwide victory. The great socialist China patriotic anti-U.S. struggle, the struggies of the Korean, stands firm as a rock in the East of .the world. The Vietnamese, Laotian, Cambodian and other Asian peo- ples revolutionary movement of the Asian lrcoples is surging against U.S. imperialism and its running dcgs. By ahead. Whatever U:;S,.imperialism and Japanese reac- uniting to wage firm struggles, the Asian peoples will tion.may do to stir up trouble in the Asian and Pacific certainly be,.able to completely smash the criminal region, they cannot avert their inevitable doom nor schemes of the U.S. -and.Japanese reactionaries to in- can the;r topple the sky! As to any attempt by the tensify military collaboration and engineer a new war modern revisionists to use the U.S.-Japanese reaction- of aggression. Should U.S. imperialism and any of aries' military alliance to oppose and isolate China, put its accomplices dare to play with fire, they will def- out the flames of the Vietnamese people's rvar against initely be reduced to ashes by the raging flames. of the U.S. aggression and for ndtional'salvatioa and-under: revolution of the .$sian peoples! mine the Korean people's cause of reunifying their motherland, this can only reveal more clearly their ("Renmln Ribtao" ed.itoirial, Norsembar 28, 1969)

$tatement ol Ghinese ffiinistry 0l Foreign Affairs

o The Chinese Government erpresses greot indignotion ot U.S. imperiolism's oggression ogoinst Combodio qnd gives firm support to Somdech Sihonouk's just stotement. f\N November 22, Samdec*r Norodom Sihanouk, Head killing Cambodian people and threatening the security \J of State of Cambodia, issued a statement strongly of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The crimes perpetrated condemning the United States for the deliberate bomb- by U.S. imperialism against the Kingdom of Cambodia ing and strafing by its air force and the shelling by fully show that the "peace hymns" chanted by the its artillery of the locality of Dak Dam and the mili- Nixon government are sheer deceptive nonsense and tary post at Dak Dam in Mondulkiri Province of Cam- that the Nixon government will never give up its wild bodia oi November 16 and 1?, which caused heavy ambitions of aggression against Indo-China. This also losses to the Cambodian armed forces and people. The shows that U.S. imperielism is the common enemy of siatement appealed to all countries and peoples of the the Indo-Chinese peoples. world to put an immediate end to the war of exter- The Kingdom of Cambodia is a country which mination uirleashed by the United States against all upholds justice and fears no brute forc€. For many Indo-Chinese peoples. The Chinese Government and years, the Kingdom of Cambodia, under the leadership people e.xpress great indignation at the barbarous of Samdech Sihanouk, has waged brave struggles crime aggression' perpetrated of by U.S. imperialism against the aggression and intervention by U.S. im- against Cambodia and give their firm support to this perialism lackeys so as safeguard its national just and its to statement of Samdech Sihanouk. independence, neutrality and territorial integrity. The U.S. imperialist aggression and threats against the The U.S. imperialist act of aggression against the Kingdom of Cambodia cannot intimidate the Cambo- Kingdom of Cambodia is not an isolated incident. It dian people. The Chinese Government and people is part of U.S. imperialism's plan to step up aggression firmly support the Cambodian people in their just against Indo-Chinese present, the countries. At the struggle against U.S. imperialist aggression and firmly Nixon government is trying hard to drag out and in- believe that the aggressive activities of U.S. imperial- tensify its war of aggression against Viet Nam. In order ism against the Indo-Chinese countries r,vill definitely to support these sinister activities of theirs, the U.S. meet with thorough defeat in the face of the Indo- imperiialists have recently stepped up their war of ag- Chinese peoples' close unity and resolute resistance. gression against Laos and continuously carried out armed provoeations and aggression against Cambodia, (Nooember 26, 1969)

16 Peking Reoiew, No. 49 Mouritonion Ambossodor to Chinq Gives Notionol Doy Reception

Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Kharchy, Mauritanian people continued new victories on their road of ad- Ambassador to China, gave a reception in the evening vance.t' of November 28 to celebrate the 9th anniversary of the Vice-Premier Hsieh Fu-chih said: "At present, the independence of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. world revolution has entered a great new era. The rev- Chou En-lai, Premier of the State Council; Hsieh olutionary struggle of the peoples of the world is surging Fu-chih, Vice-Premier; and Kuo Mo-jo, Vice-Chairman ever higher. In the Middle East, the struggle of the Pa- of the Standing Committee of the National People's Iestinian and other Arab peoples against U.S. imperial- Congress; attended the reception. ism and Israeli Zionism is developing in depth. Un- Ambassador Kharchy and Vice-Premier Hsieh Fu- reconciled to its defeat, U.S. imperialism has of late be- chih spoke at the reception. They expressed the .hope corRe even more unscrupulous in carrying out its counter-revolutionary double-faced policy, vainly at- that the friendship . between the people of China and Mauritania would grow daily. tempting to strangle the revolutionary movement of the people In his speech, Ambassador Kharchy described the of the Middle East. On the one hand, it is giving achievements of Mauritani.a- under the leadership of still more energetie support to Zionism to exert military President Moktar Ould Daddah in upholding state pressure on the Arab countries and instigating the reac- sovereignty .and national independence, and spoke on tionary forees of certain Arab countries to turn their the policy of non-alignment which Mauritania had guns on the Palestinian people's armed forces; on the pursued in international affairs. He said that the other hand, in dishing up a so-called 'new proposal' it Mauritanian Government and people would always is stepping up its political activities to induce the Arab oppose and vigorously denounce the plot to create "two countries to capitulate. Through their actual struggles Chinas," give full support to the Palestinian and other over the past two years and more, the Palestinian and Arab peoples in their just struggle against imperialism other Arab peoples have come to realize ever more and Zonism, give full support to the peoples of Guinea clearly that it is impossible to bring about any so-calIed (Bissau), Angola, Mozambique, Rhodesia and South political solution of the Middle East question through the Africa in their struggle for national liberation, and give United Nations or a iew big powers, and that only by unswerving support to the heroic Vietnamese people in taking the road of armed struggle can they defeat U.S. genuine their just struggle against the U.S. aggressors. imperialist and Zionist aggression and win in- The Nations has long The Ambassador paid warm.tribute to the achieve- dependence, and liberation.-. United power politics. Modern revision- ments made by the Chinese people, under the wise become .a tool of big hawking political leadership,of Chairman Mao Tsetung, in China's Great ism is up to now still actively a solution through the United Nations; th.is in actuality is Proletarian Cultural Revolution and in socialist con- and the divi- struction. He said that these achievements underlined merely to facilitate the mutual contention powers, and in the end this the defeat of imperialism and the victory of the strug- sion of spoils between big East Munich' and the gle against imperialism and colonialism, old and new. will inevitably lead to a 'Middle selling out of the interests of tl.e Palestinian and other The Ambassador said the relations frank that of Arab peoples. This is what the Palestinian and other and sincere friendship between Mauritania and China Arab peoples wiII never accept." were developing with each passing day. Mauritania and people have highly appreciated the sincere and disinterested assist- IIe said: "The Chinese Government Arab peo- ance and support of the People's Republic of China always supported the Palestinian and other ples just great leader of the Chi- to Mauritania, and equally appreciated the seriousness, in their struggle. The pointed out, selflessness and simplicity of the Chinese technicians. nese people Chairman Mao Tsetung has view, not the reaction- He availed himself of the opportunity to express the 'From a Iong-term point of it is powerful.' warm thanks of Mauritania to the Chinese Govern- aries but the people who are really We firmly ment and people and to their outstanding leader Chair- believe that so long as the Palestinian and other Arab and man Mao Tsetung. peoples close their ranks, heighten their vigilance persevere in armed struggle, they rvill certainly be able In his speech, Vice-Premier Hsieh Fu-chih saicl: final victory." "IJnder the leadership of President Moktar Ould Dad- to overcome all difficulties and win dah, Mauritania has achieved many successes in safe- Vice-Premier Hsieh Fu-chih said that since the guarding her state sovereignty and.national independ- establishment of diplomatic relations between China and ence. In international affairs, Mauritania has main- Mauritania, .the friendly relations and co-operation be- tained a just stand of opposing imperialism and cole- tween the two countries.-had been growing steadily. "We nialism and made contributions to the Afro-Asian peo- believe that with our joint efforts, the friendly relations ple's eause of unity against imperialism. Ttre Chinese and co-operation between China and Mauritania will Government and people sineerely wish the Mauritanian certainly consolidate and.develop with each passing day."

December 5, 7969 77 Comrade Mao Tsetung's theory of people,s war has been proved by the long practice of the chinese revolution to be in accord with the objective laws of such wars and to be invincibte. It has not only been valid for China, it is a great contribution to the revolutionary strug- gles of the oppressed nations and peoples throughout the world. - LIN PIAO

Chairrnan lvlao's Mitritary Thinking ls the Magic UYeapon in De$eating the Enemy

ln leoding the protrocted struggle of the Chinese revolution, our greot leoder Choir- mon Moo formuloted tfie correct line ond o whole series of strotegy Lnd toaics of peo- ple's wor which guided the Chinese people through extremely complex ond difficult con- ditions to defeot the domestic ond foreign reoctionories ond win the greot victory of the Chinese revolution. Choirmon Moo's greot theory on people's wor hos creotively developed the Marxist- Leninist militory theories. lt constitutes on involuoble osset for the revofutionory people; it is ttre powerful ideologicol weopon of the revolutionory people who use revolutionory wor to smosh o wor of oggression lqunched by ony imperiolism or sociol-imperiotism, ond oll other counEr-re+olutionory wors. For our common study of Choirmon Moo's greot thinking on people's wor, we sholl, beginning with this issue, publish from time to tirne or- ticles on studying ond opplying Choirmon Moo's thinking on peoplds wor in o living woy. - Ed.

Strategically Despise which can devour people. On this we should build our the tactical thinking." Chairman Mao's great thinking of Enemy, but Tactically Take despising the enemy strategically but taking him se- riously tactically is our powerful ideological weapon Him Seriously in carrying on the revolutionary struggle and defeat- ing all enemies. by Liu Chan-chi During the War of Liberation, our platoon triumph- antly threw back repeated attacks by a battalion of the Chiang Kai-shek bandit gang n UR great leader Chairman Mao has taught us: in a holding opera- \-/ "Over a long period we have developed this con- tion. Banking on their numerical superiority and U.S. cept for the struggle against the enemy: strategically equipment, the enemy troops, puffed up with their own rve should despise all our enemies, but tactically we arrogance, thought that they could break through our should take them all seriously.,' "Imperialism and all positions without much effort. In accordance with reactionaries, looked at in essence, from a long-term Chairman Mao's great teaching that "all reactionaries point oI view, from a strategic point of view, must be are paper tigers," we di.scussed and exposed at great seen for what are paper they - tigers. On this lve length the enemy's paper-tiger nature, and this should build our strategie thinking. On the other strengthened our determination and confidence in dar- hand, they are also living tigers, iron tigers, real tigers ing to fight and to win. At the same time, acting ac-

,8 Peking Reoiew, No, 49 -!

cording to Chairman Mao's great teaehing ..Fight no our main forces. This outer defenee' was ar! intricate batfle unprepared," we carefully analysed enemy troop affair made up of a main pillbox and about a dozen disposition, fire-power, tactics and other related mat- smaller ones. To ensure victory, our company's Party ters, and worked out ryecific methods of Iighting with branch ealled a "military democracy" meeting in ac- due consideration for various possibilities that might cordance with the great leader Chairman Mao's teach- arise. Thus we were fully prepared ideologically and ing on developing military democraey. The rank and materially. When the enemy troops launched their file were mobilized to make an earnest and detaiied attack, every comrade in the platoon gave full play to study of the fire-power of the enemy's pillboxes, and his eourage and tenacity in battle and, using flexible plans for blowing them up were discussed again and and ingenious tactics, repulsed five successive enemy again. This resulted in positive proposals and concrete charges. After eight hours of fierce fighting, we carried measures to be taken. Squad leader Comrade Chen out our task triumphantly. Yung-shui, for instance, volunteered to lead a group of men armed with explosives. By charging the enemy's In reealling this battle, I realize profoundly that main pillbox dauntlessly and swiftly, the men in this only when we despise the enemy strategieaily and dare group would draw aII the fire from the smaller pillbox- to fight and to win can we have the revolutionary he- es. This would facilitate the launching of a simulta- enemies yield." roic spirit to "vanquish all and never to neous attack on the smaller pillboxes by the other And only when we tactically take the enemy seriously groups with explosives. So. by collecting correct pro- and earnestly make every necessary preparation for posals from the rank and file, we mapped out an ade- battle, can we adequately cope with whatever complex quate plan for combat. Wheo s'e went into battle, situation that may atise, and finally overwhelm the we took only 40 minutes pillbox- enemy. to demolish 12 enemy es, thereby dearing the way for our main forces to At present, U.S. imperialism and social-imperial- scale the city wall. Thus we fulfilled our assignment ism are colluding to feverishly quell the revolutionary with credit. struggles people launch of the world's and are trying to Military democracy is an important eomponent part a war of aggression against our country. We must of Chairman Mao's military thinking. It is a vivid deeply understand paper-tiger the nature and counter- demonstration of Chairman Mao's mass line in military revolutionary features of U.S. imperialism and social- affairs, and a powerful weapon for defeating the imperialism, raise our vigilance and see to it that we enemy. "The masses are the real heroes." ,By grving are fully prepared" In this way, if they should dare full play to military democracy, we can fully draw from to invade our country, we will resolutely wipe out the masses' wisdom and strength. With the army every aggressor! united as one man and by pooling our wisdom and ef- forts and displaying mass coursge.and daring, we will be invincible. Develop Military Democracy, Defeat the Enemy Through Concentrate a Superior Force Collective Effiorts To Destroy the Enemy Forces by Chang Hsin-nien One by One

f\UR great leader Chairman Mao has taught us: "In by Wang Teh \:z periods of fighting the companies at the front must hold big and small meetings of various kinds. Under CHAIRMAN MAO has taught us: "The method of the direction of the comp:rny leadershi.p, the rank and r-r fighting by concentrating a superior force to des- # file should be roused to discuss how to attack and cap- troy the enemy forces one by one must be employed ture enemy positions and how other ffi to fulfil combat not only in the disposition of troops for a eampaign tasks. When the fighting lasts several days, several but also in the disposition of troops for a battle." 1 such meetings should be held." Through the long years I "Concentrate a superior force to destroy the enemy 1 of revolutionary w'ars, our army adhered to this great forees one by one" is an important part of Chairman teaching of Chairman Mao's and brought military de- Mao's famous ten major principles of operation; it is mocracy into full play. This was an important reason a basic guiding thought and fine tradition of our army great for our victories. in combat. In the Taiyuan campaign during the War of Lib- I was in an artillery unit during the War to Elesist eration, our company was given the task of demolishing U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea. Together with other the enemy's outer defenee works at Shouyimen in order fraternal units, our platoon onee was given the task to ensure the unobstrueted scaling of the city wall by of demolishing an enemy artillery position near Pan-

Deeernber 5,7969 19 munjom to clear the way of advance for our mairt defence w'orks or should we seize every opportunity forces. Our platoon's specific task was to destroy the to actively rvipe out the enemy troops attacking us? right sector of this enemy artillery position. According It v'as at this crueial moment that Chairman Mao,s to our scouts,'fire from one of the enemy artillery em_ great teaching '6In attack the immediate object is to placements posed a direct threat to the ad.vance of destroy the 6nemy, but at tho same time it is self- our main forces. This being the case, we concentrated preservation" showed us the right way. I thought to the entire platoon's fire-power and, with an absolutely myself: To a certain extent, repairing the defence works superior force, we first relentlessly bombarded this would be useful in preserving ourselves, but if we emplacement and knocked it out. We thus swiftly failed to seize every moment possible to destroy the blasted open a way for our main forces to advance. enemy, we might lose the battle and, in that event, Again concentrating our fire, we then shelled the enemy we would also not be able to preserve ourselves. Only artillery position without let-up and reduced its right if we "give full play to our style of fighting courage sector to a shambles. As a result, we successfully ful- in battle, no fear of sacrifice, no fear of fatiguq- and filled our task. continuous fighting (that is, fighting successive battles in a short time without rest)" and were active des- This example fully demonstrates that we will be in troying the enemy troops, could rve defend posi- invincible if we study and apply in a living way Chair_ our ..Concentrate tions, preserve the fighting capacity of our unit and man Mao's principle of operation: a su- win victory in the battle. Following Chairman Mao's perior force to destroy the enemy forces one by one.,, teaching and acting in the light of the information we In fighting the enemy, every commander must consis_ had concerning the enemy, and due tently and firmly carry out this principle so that, in 'uvith consideration to the terrain, exploited points every part and every battle, he concentrates a superior we the enemy's,weak to our advantage by organizing groups make force to form an iron fist which will strike home wher_ small to sudden thrusts which enemy's plan ever it hits and most effectively destroy the enemy,s upset the of attack. effectives. As Chairman Mao has pointed out: ..Using Forced to contend rvith these forays, the enemy thereby slackened his attack on our positions. this method we shall win. Acting counter to it we Taking advan- shall lose." tage of this lapse in the fighting, we strengthened the defence works, redeployed our forces, and consequently destroyed a large number of enemy effectives. Thus Be Active in Destroying the we won a victory, and our positions were consolidated. Practice has proved that, in fighting, as long as we Enemy, and Not Passive seriously understand and put into effect Chairman Mao's miiitary thinking, we will be ever victorious. Under ln Defence the wise leadership of Chairman Mao and guided by Chairman Mao's military thinking, we defeated power- by Chang yung-ko ful domestic and foreign enemies. Today, so long as we conscientiously study and apply Chairman Mao's great supreme commander Chairman military thinking in a living way, we will smash a nUR ,.Destruction Mao has r-z taught us: of the enemy is the primary war of aggression launched by any imperialism, social- object imperialism and the reactionaries of various countrieq of war and self-preservation the secondary, be_ cause only by destroying the enemy in large nurnbers and alL other counter-revolutionary wars as r,vell. can one effectively presene oneself.,, This great teach_ ing of Chairman Mao's has most penetratingly ex- pounded the dialectical relationship between destroying the enemy and preserving oneself on the battlefield. It is our magic weapon in defeating the enemy. In a battle in the spring of 19b2 during the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, our company was given the task of defending Height B1Z near Kaesong. Covered by aircraft and artillery fire, the enemy troops launched repeated attacks on our positions. Revolution_ ary fighters armed with Mao Tsetung Thought, rve feared neither hardship nor death. With bayonets and hand-grenades, \A,e soundly thrashed the enemy troops who were forced to flee, leaving behind many dead. But they refused to accept defeat and bombarded our positions with greater intensity, destroying much of our defence works. At that point lve were faced rvith this question: Should we immediately turn to repairing the

20 Pel:,ing Retieu;, No, 49 Developing Chinq's Chemicol Industry bv Our Own Efforts

by Hung Hua-chun

the guidance of Chairman Mao's proletarian duced at technical level of the 20s or 30s. f TNDER it, but a fr - revolutionary line, China's chemical industry has Although we built and expanded a number of rnedium- developed over the past 20 years at an amazingly rapid sized and large nitrogenous fertilizer plants in post- pace. Reviewing this brilliant course, we have come to Iiberation years, their output still lagged far behind the a deep understanding that so long as there are people needs for the development of agriculture. armed with Mao Tsetung Thought all kinds of wonders In 1958, Chairman Mao worked out the general line can be performed in the wor1d. of "going all out, aiming high and achieving greate& Before liberation, under the yoke of the three big faster, better and more eeonomical rcsults in building mountains of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat- socialism," and called on the people of the whole eountry capitalism, China's chemical industry was poor and to "be self-reliant, work hard, do away trith all fetishes blank. The few chemical works which did exist were and superstitions and emancipate the mind" and take poorly equipped and technically backward, and could our own road in developing industry. Enthusiastically produce only several kinds of rarv materials. The great responding to Chairman Mao's great cal1, the revolu- Ieader Chairman Mao has stated: "On lvhat basis tionary masses on the chemical industry front raised should our policy rest? It should rest on our owll the revolutionary slogan of breaking down foreign con- strength, and that means regeneration through one's ventions and building small nitrogenous fertilizer plants own efforts." So, after liberation, applying his bril- in a big way so as to produce more, better and cheaper iiant teaching, the working class, revolutionary techni- chemical fertilizer in support of agriculture. cians and revolutionary cadres working on the chemical But the arch renegade Liu Shao-chi and his agents industry front have achieved greater, faster, better and raved: "The foreigners build big plants, not small ones. more economical results by relying on their orvn ef- Your idea is not feasible." They viciously slandered the forts to develop the industry. buitding of small plants as "taking the retrogressive course." Those bourgeois technical "authorities" also Following Chino's Own Rood in Developing lndustry attempted to intimidate the workers by stressing the Self-Reliontly cnd by Mointoining lndependence ond complexity of the industrial technique in producing Keeping the lnitiotive in Our Own Honds nitrogenous fertilizer-high-temperature, high-pres- Chairman Mao teaches us: "The Chinese people sure, inflammability and explosiveness. Armed with have high aspirations, they have ability, and they will Mao Tsetung Thought, the u'orkers, technicians and certainly catch up with and surpass advanced world cadres resolutely opposed this eounter-revolutionary levels in the not too distant future." In line with this revisionist trash of Liu Shao-chi and his agents, and great teaching of Chairman Mao's, the revolutionary were tirm in taking China's own road of developing masses working in the chemical industry, embracing the nitrogenous fertilizer industry. After hard work lofty ideas and with strong determination, are waging and repeated experiments, they finally succeeded in a heroic struggle in building the socialist motherland turning out a new product and working out a new and have scored outstanding achievements. technological process which represer-rted an advance, Chemical {ertilizer is an important product made scientifically and technically, in the chemical fertilizer by the chemical industry in support of agriculture. In industry. Following suit immediately, many provinces, China, its production has risen rapidly in the past few municipalities. special administrative regions and coun- years. Take nitrogenous fertilizer, for instance. In pre- ties built a large number of small nitrogenous fertilizer liberation days, China had only two factories which pro- plants in a short period of time.

December 5, 7969 21 As the result of the workers' constant summing up process in producing methanol bore fruit. Methanol is of experience and persistence in discovering, inventing, an important raw material produced by the chemical creating and advancing, these Chinese-style small nitro- industry which is used in the scientific work of the genous fertilizer plants have demonstrated enorrnous national defence sector and in industrial and agricul- advantages: advanced technology, simple production tural production. In accordance with Chairman Mao's method, Iess investments, quick results, low production teaching "Break down foreign conventions and follow cost, full utilization of local resources and supply of our own road in developing industry," the revolu- fertilizer for local consumption. Nowadays, the output tionary workers and staff of the chemieal industry plants of the small nitrogenous fertilizer in one county departments, under the Party's leadership, organized surpasses output of the entire country before the total three-in-one groups with workers as their main body liberation. and with the participation of revolutionary technicians Not only has China scored great successes in and revolutionary cadres. Experimenting while design- developing small nitrogenous fertilizer plants, but she ing and making install.ations, these groups spent only has also blazed a new trail in building large ones. three months in the actual work of installing the equip- In the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, China's ment of a workshop which produces methanol by a new working class, revolutionary technieians and revolu- technological process. With the greatest possible speed tionary cadres, by displaying the revolutionary self- and by the simplest method, they are producing reliant spirit, designed a large nitrogeuous fertilizer methanol at the lowest cost, thus opening a new road plant, manufactured its equipment and installed it. The for China to achieve greater, faster, better and more plant is up to the advanced }evel of the 1960s. Techni- economical results in developing the production. of cally, the process, catalysts and large-scale equipment methanol. are all new. In building the plant the revolutionary masses broke through the blockade on technique which The tremendous achievements China has won ,in imperialism, revisionism and reaction had imposed on the scientific research of antibiotics also fully attest the us. Proeeeding from China's concrete conditions, they infinite creativeness of the Chinese people armed with boldly put forward a new proeess of producing synthetic Mao Tsetung Thought. China had no antibiotic industry ammonia by using three kinds of new catalysts. After before liberation. She could not produce penicillin for a hard battle of eight months, they finally sueceeded in even a single injection. She depended entirely on im- trial-produeing catalysts up to the world's advanced ported antibiotics. After liberation, we broke through level. A new urea-making process, which is at an the blockade imposed by the capitalist and revisionist advanced world level, has been adopted in processing countries. Through our study we made various kinds of ammonia. It took only 20 months to complete the urea antibiotics by maintaining independence and keeping workshop and put it in operation. This enables China's the initiative in our own hands. Particularly during the production urea to develop quickly. Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, we succeeded in In the chemical industqr, benzene is another im- trial-produeing many kinds of top-level antibiotics, such portant basic raw material which is widely used in the as kanamycin, qingdamycin and kangdimycin. This farm insecticide, medicine, plastic-making, dyeing, enabies China's antibiotic industry to enter the world's synthetic fibre, synthetic rubber and other industries. advanced ranks in technique, variety and quality. Formerly, throughout the wor1d, benzene was obtained as a by-product from coke-making or oil-refining. Its Working Closs Is the Moin Force in Scoling output is thus greatly limited. For the last hundred Scientilic ond Technicol Heights years, scientists and technicians in many countries have Prior to the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, been studying how to produce synthetic benzene by a the power over science and technique in many enter- chemical method. All failed. Armed with Mao Tsetung prises and research and designing institutes was in the Thought, China's working class and revolutionary hands of the reactionary bourgeois technical "authori- technicians determined to conquer this difficult problem ties." This was because the arch renegade Liu Shao-chi to win honour for Chairman Mao and for the Chinese and his agents in the chemical industry departments people. After only a few years of research, they were had pushed the counter-revolutionary revisionist line- victorious in produeing synthetic benzene and dis- "relying on experts 1o run the factory" and "relying covered a new broad aecess the souree benzene, to of on experts to run the institute." They clid not allow thus raising China's technical level organic of synthesiz- the working class to become involved with scientific ing to a new height. and technical matters. They exercised bourgeois dicta- During the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, torship over the working dass, in a vain attempt to the experiment on a new China-initiated technological restore capitalism.

22 Peking Reuiew, No. 49 a-

In the Great Cultural Revolution, the great leader the bourgeois technical "authorities" sneeied: "An Chairman Mao issued the great call: "ffos yselking advanced technological process combined with out-of- class must exercise leadership in everything." Under date equipment is useless!" With these few words, the the Party's leadership, the chemical workers have innovation was killed. The workers said in anger: "So heroically mounted the political stage of struggle- long as power is not in our hands, any innovation, criticism-transformation in the superstructure and however significant, will come to nothing." took over the leadership in production, designing, In the Great Cultural Revolution, under the leader- science and technique. This reversed the situation of ship of the Party, the working class has the power the dominance of bourgeois intellectuals, and led to the of leadership in its hands. The above-mentioned rapid development of science and technique in China's seven workers again organized themselves. Proceeding chemical industry. from their earlier experiments, they spent only one A vivid example of this is found in the Shanghai month in creating a new technological process - "solid No. 5 Dyestuff Works. Seven workers who had an phase reaction" which yielded a high-grade green average of only three or four years of schooling changed dyestuff. Originally 147 sets of equipment were needed the backward technological process, thereby smashing to produce this kind of dyestuff, now just one is suf- the blockade of high-grade green dyestuff imposed on ficient. The "solid phase reaction" which creates a new China by imperialist and revisionist countries. development in the history of the dyestuff industry has many superiorities: simple equipment, high output, With the exception of natural dyes, all dyestuffs short production period, high quality, Low consumption were produced by chemical reaction when they were in of raw materials, high yield and no waste water, waste the liquid phase, a process called "liquid phase reac- gas or slag. This creative advance once again eloquently tion," For many years, scientists and technicians in proves the truth that lowly are most iatelligent; China and abroad had made countless changes in the "the the elite are most ignorant.' technological process of producing dyestuff, but'none of them broke through the method of producing In China's chemical industry, many long-standing, dyestuffs by ehemical reaction when they were in the difficult production problems existed which eould not liquid phase. So the old process was deemed "orthodox" be solved before. In the course of the Great Proletarian and "inviolable." Otherwise no dyestuffs could be Cultural Revolution, the working dass held power made. Producing dyestuffs by "liquid phase reaction" over science and technique and in no time solved these requires a long technological process and complex equip- problems. As an example, take the problem of raising ment and brings about waste water, waste gas and s1ag. the quality of streptomycin. It was not solved by Before the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, relying on bourgeois "experts" who wasted seven or workers the the seven workers in the Shanghai No. 5 Dyestuff Works eight years and a lot of money. The of set their minds to change this backward technological Huapei Pharmaceutical Works resolved, during the process. Instead of conducting chemical reaction in Great Cultural Revolution, to tackle it. They combined liquid, they proposed adoption of the method of .,solid experimentation with criticism of Liu Shao-chi's coun- phase reactiorq" streamlining the equipment and elimi- ter-revolutionary revisionist 1ine. Following a hard nating the solvent and auxiliary chemicals, and con- struggle of ten months they created an advanced, new ducting chemical reaction directly on the necessary raw technological process which greatly improved the materials. Their proposed innovation, however, had quality of strePtomYcin. met with the rebuff of the capitali.st roaders and bour- present, under the guidance of Chairman Mao's geois technical At "authorities" who used every means to revolution, promote quash it. great strategic thinking "Grasp production and other work and preparedness against Firmly bearing in mind Chairman Mao,s teaching war," the workers, revolutionary technicians, revolu- "Tlihat is work? Work is struggle,,, and seeking neither tionary eadres fighting on the chemical industry front fame nor gain, these seven workers boldly organized a are holding high the banner of unity and victory of the group to experiment during their spare time on con- Ninth Party Congress. They are earnestly implernent- ducting solid phase reaction. After more than 800 ing the fighting tasks set by the congress and respond- revolutionary practices of ups and downs, they finatly ing firmly to the mititant call issued by Vice-Chairman succeeded in trial-producing some samples by means of Lin, on behalf of Chairman Mao and the Party Central a new technological process. The consurrier units Committee, at the rally to celebrate the 20th anniver- verified their sample products up to the required sary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. quality. But when they asked the leadership for sup- They are determined to hold still higher the great red port in conducting large-scale experiments, the cap- banner of Mao Tsetung Thought in striving for still italist roaders in the plant's Party organization and greater victories in the ehemical industry.

Decem.bq 5, 1969 One of our current important tasks on the ideological front is to unfold eriticism of revisionism. - MAO TSETUNG

Revolutionsry Mass Criticism Doctrine of Trailing Behind ot a Snoil's Pace ls the Reoct ionary PhilosoPhy of Slovish Compradors

by Ko Hsin-chun and Chu Tien-chun

aJ the Hurbin Generator Works

The renegade, hidden traitor and scab Liu Shao- is not inherent in the Chinese people. How did it come chi, who committed a series of crimes, is a faithful about? We members of the working class know the Iackey of the imperialists, the modern revisionists and answer very well! the Kuomintang reactionaries. Taking a reactionary mid-l9th imperialist powers stand over the past decades. he did his utmost to op- In the century, the pose Chairman Mao's proletarian revolutionary line invaded China. They turned it into their semi-colony colony and push the slavish comprador philosophy and the or and adopted a series of oppressive measures against China political, and doctrine of trailing behind at a snail's pace in socialist in the miiitary, economic cultural grab profits, construction and the development of science and tech- fields. To maximum they carved China a nology. Our Harbin Generator Works is a large social- up into spheres of influence. They made it market for goods place ist enterprise built after the founding of the People's Re- the dumping of their and a for plunder public of China. But, shackled by the doctrine of them to export their capital and our raw materials and exploit labour. addition they trailing behind at a snail's pace, its scientific and "cheap" hi fostered bureaucrat-comprador technical development and growth in production failed a bourgeoisie to serve imperialism. carrying out aggressive policy, to keep up rvith the needs of socialist revolution and In their the imperialist powers prevent socialist construction. During the Great Proletarian did ali they couid to the growth of China's productive forces and keep China in Cultural Revolution, we members of the working class a permanent state of backwardness. China was allowed seized back that part of power usurped by the capital- only to behind them snail's pace but never ist roaders and relentlessly criticized the slavish com- trail at a allowed to catch surpass them. prador philosophy and the counter-revolutionary up with and doctrine of trailing behind at a snail's pace. Our great The bureaucrat-comprador bourgeoisie, which came leader Chairman Mao's concept of "maintaining in- into existence to suit the needs of the imperialist dependence and keeping the initiative in our own hands policy of aggression, was a group of slavish compradors and relying on our own efforts" has now been firmly living on the imperialists. They were out-and-out established among the masses. Tremendous changes appendages of the international bourgeoisie, depending have taken plaee in the plant and production has leapt upon imperialism for their survival and growth. This forward. Many things which we could not do earlier social position predestined their utter capitulation to have now been accomplished and many things which imperialism, their 100 per cent slavish comprador we dared not even think about have come to the fore. thinking and feelings. The imperialists were foremost All this proves that only when the counter-revolution- in their minds. In their opinion, the Chinese could ary doctrine of trailing behind at a snail's pace has only trail behind the foreigners at a snail's pace and been discredited and its influence eliminated can our China could exist only as a dependency of foreign socialist enterprise keep advancing vigorously. countries. In making great efforts to advocate the slavish comprador philosophy and the doctrine of The Doctrine of Troiling Behind ot o Snoil's Poce ls o trailing behind at a snail's pace, they aimed at catering Product of the lmpEriolist Policy of Aggression to the interests of imperialism, turning China into an ,The doctrine of trailing behind at a snail's pace imperialist dependency and Chinese into slaves for is a product of the irnperialist policy of aggression, It ever.

24 Peking Reoiew, No. 49 Taking over the mantle of former reactionary Chinese working class never speaks the same language classes, the renegade Liu Shao-chi prostrated himself as those slavish compradors. We dare take the road before imperialism and social-imperialism and stepped that nobody has ever trodden before and scale heights up his propagation of the counter-revolutionary no one has ever reached. doctrine of trailing behind at a snail's pace. As early Take the generator industry, for example. Before as 1924, he publicized a certain enterprise jointly run we had no independent industry of this by imperialism and bureaucrat capital as one which liberation kind, and coulcl not even produce a 300-kw. generating "not only occupies a very important position in the Since liberation, the generating capacity of one national economy, but one constituting a basis for de- unit. we manufactured has increased several hundred- veloping 'material civilization' in the East!" After the unit ' During Great Proletarian Cultural Revolu- victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, when fold. the producing the world's the Chinese revolution reached the crucial moment of tion, we succeeded in one of generating have completely the decisive battle between the two destinies and two best big units and so serves as a prospects, he openly declared his willingness to be an changed the face of this industry. This imperialist "red comprador." After the liberation of powerful criticism of the counter-revolutionary doctrine the whole country, in the period of socialist revolution of trailing behind at a snail's pace. and socialist construction, he advocated such ideas as "learn from the West," "learn from the capitalist The Doctrine of Troiling Behind ot o Snoil's Foce countries," "buy those things which we haven't learnt ls a Reoctionory Line Thot Relies on Bourgeois to produce," "charter those things we cannot buy" and Experts to Suppress the Mosses "invite them here." He also babbled such fallacies as Because the doctrine trailing behind at a snail's I'the of Chinese are unable to do it," "the Westerners can pace was a product of the imperialist policy of aggres- do it," and "we should }earn from the West and once sion, the slavish compradors who advocated it in- we have learnt we will make progress." He repeatedly evitably handed over the power over scientific and tried to impose the reactionary sLavish comprador technical matters to imperialists and bourgeois experts, ideology on the Chinese people. His purpose was to relied on this handful of persons to run the enterprises induce the Chinese people not only to kneel down be- and let them monopolize science and technology. The fore the foreign bourgeoisie and trail behind it at arch traitor Li Hung-chang* stressed: "Offer high a snail's pace, but to restrain them from standing up salaries in hiring foreign technicians." Liu Shao-chi's and marching forward in big strides. His efforts rvould counter-revolutionary doctrine of trailing behind at a have bound us to the yoke of imperialism and social- snail's pace is likewise a reactionary line that relies on imperialism, thrown the Chinese people once again bourgeois experts to suppress the masses. Liu Shao-chi to oppression three mountains back by the big - im- cried here and there that "to develop production, it is perialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism, and necessary first of all to co-operate with the capitalists reduced them to the status of slaves. Under the nerv because they occupy very high positions in production." historical conditions, he tried to turn China into a Following his steps, our plant's capitalist roaders also colony of imperialism and. social"imperialism. The ranted that "it is necessary to rely on these people renegade, hidden traitor and scab Liu Shao-chi is an (bourgeois experts) in technical matters and the work- out-and-out slavish comprador of imperialism and ers' dirt;r hands can only turn out crude things!'! modern revisionism. What the bourgeois experts learnt from the bour- Contrary to the doctrine of trailing behind at a geoisie abroad is foreign conventions. They live on snails pace advocated by the slavish compradors, pro- peddling out-dated foreign things and have no real letarian philosophy is revolutionary philosophy, the ability. A fellow with a "doctor" degree in our plant philosophy of catching up with and surpassing the ad- studied abroad for some time. He made a study of vanced, the philosophy of going forward. "We the the retaining rings on big generators for more than a Chinese nation have the spirit to fight the enemy to decade and drelv curves in several big notebooks, but the last drop of our blood, the determination to recover when he came to the u'orkshop he didn't even know our lost territory by our own efforts, and the abitity where the rings should be located on the generator. to stand on our own feet in the family of nations." The workers called him "Dr. Dunce." However, Liu InaSmuch as the Chinese people, under the leadership Chairman Mao, were able to overthrow the oppres- of *Li lIung-ehang (1823-1901), a warlord and traitor in the sion by imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capital- last years of the Ching Dynasty, held power. over foreign, -affairs While brutally ism, they certainly are able build thriving and militiry and economic for a time. to a suppreising the peasants' revolutionary movements at home, prosperous socialist country by their own efforts. Who he entered the service of imperialism. Through the com- says that we are unable to do this or that? The Chi- pradors he cotluded with foreign aggressors and allowed, the imperialists to grab and plunder large amounts of China's nese society has undergone a fundamental change; we we-alth. trIe consistently stood for capitulation and selling out have stood up and are no longer slaves, but masters. China's interests and concluded successive treasonable treaties with British, French, Japanese and Russian imperialism, there- Led by Chairman Mao and the Communist Party, the by paving,.the,way for imperialist aggression in China.-

December 5, 1969 25 Shao-chi and his agents in our plant had confidence in fallacy which the handful of capitalist roaders made such people and insisted on gi'ring them the authority use of to suppress the masses' initiative experts over technical matters. The outcome of relying on are able to do it but not the masses," went-'Ilhs completely these bourgeois experts in scientific and technical bankrupt. matters could lead only to trailing behind at a snail's pace for years on end because they believed in only Practiee proves that the road of developing socialist foreign conventions and dogmas. They stopped at science and technology rests upon liberating them from nothing to strangle the revolutionary initiative of the the hands of a few individuals and launching mass masses, movements. By relying on the mass line and utilizing the three-in-one combination of the revolutionary Our great leader Chairman Mao teaches' us: ',vorkers, cadres and engineering and technical personnel *Marxists have always held that the cause of the pro- under the leadership of the Party, we can bring the letariat must depend on the masses of the people." wisdom of the masses into full p1ay, train thousands t'Ihe lowly are most intelligent; the elite are most upon thousands of working-class experts and thoroughly ignorant." Social wealth is created by the workers, the shatter the bourgeois reactionary line on which the peasants and the working intellectuals. The masses of doctrine of trailing behind at a snail's pace depends. the people are the most intelligent, have the best practical experience and never nursed the fetish of The Doctrine of Troiling Behind ot o Snoil's Poce foreign dogmas. The Chinese people in the course of Belongs to the Reoctionory Metophysicol the great socialist revolution have learnt profoundly World Outlook that the achievement of greater, faster, better and more economical results in building socialis'n is in the fun- Chairman Mao says: "ft is only the reactionary damental interests of the proletariaL They also know ruling classes of the past and present and the meta- that the counter-revolutionary doctrine of trailing be- physicians in their service who regard opposites riot as hind at a snail's pace runs precisely counter to the living, conditioual, mobile and transforming themselves interests of the proletariat. Once the broad masses of into one another, but as dead and rigid, and they the people become masters of science and technology, propagate this fallacy everywhere to delude the masses their revolutionary creativeness will be brought into of the people, thus seeking to perpetuate theit rule." the fullest play and they will work wonders in the The counter-revolutionary doctrine of trailing behind development of seience and technology. at a snaiL's pace spread by the renegade Liu Shao-chi belongs to the reactionary world outlook of metaphysics. When our plant was manufacturing the first of China's largest water turbine generating units, a tit- The slavish compradors who trail behind at a snail's for-tat struggle was waged against the counter-revolu- pace consider that one who is ahead will always be tionary doctrine of trailing behind at a snail's pace ahead, and one who lags behind will always lag behind. rvhich was pushed by Liu Shao-chi. As members of The renegade Liu Shao-chi had a "wonderful" saying: the working class we wanted to produce it by our own "The tortoise ahead crawls on the muddy road, the one efforts, while the handful of capitalist roaders and behind follows it." Liu Shao-chi's metaphysics is the bourgeois experts in our plant insisted on "copying philosophy of the tortoise! what the foreign countries have produced." Belittling The law for the development of science and tech- the workers, they said: "It would be fine if we could nology is a law of "catching up" and "surpassing"; produce such a unit accprding to the foreign pro- and it is a law of the late comers surpassing the early totype." When the workers demanded high-speed de- starters. The doctrine of trailing behind at a snail's pace signing and production" they countered it by raking up does not conform to the historical facts of the develop- the slogan of "eight-year designing, two-year produe- ment of industrial technology. Progress and backward- tion and ten-year completion," a summation of trailing ness are relative. Under certain conditions, backward- behind at a snail's pace- With indignation, the workers ness turns into progress or vict versa. There are many protested: "This is equivalent to binding our hands sueh examples. Historically, the speed in the develop- and feet and exercising dictatorship over us." The ment of politics, economy, science and culture in various Great Proletarian Cu1tura1 Revolution shattered the countries has always been uneven. In the capitalist entanglements erected by the doctrine of trailing be- world, Holland and Spain were the first countries to hind at a snail's pace, and the workers, under the develop their industrial techniques. Shortly afterwards guidanee of Chairman Mao, have seized the power to they were surpassed by England and France. Later run the plant. The broad masses raised the revolution- Germany and the United States overtook England and ary slogan: "One-year designing, one-year production; France. Such is the case among the capitalist countries, strive to finish the job ahead of sehedule." They or- whose social system is reactionary and rotten to the ganized three-in-one technical groups including revolu- core and resembles a dying person who is sinking fast, tionary workers, cadres and engineering and technical like the sun setting beyond the western hills. Socialist personnel. By forging ahead diligently and working countries are countries of an entirely new type in which hard, they successfuly finished the job of produeing the exploiting classes have been overthrown and work- the entire generating unit in only seven months. The ing people hold state power. Under the dictatorship of

26 Peklng Reoiew, No. 49 the spirit the proletariat the masses of working people can give surpass them, and it must be combined with futl play to their wisdom and talents. They can con- of independent creativeness. We should never soPy taks seientiously and in a planned way utilize the new law them blindly or mechanically. "TPe cannot iust of leaping forward, swiftly change the backwardness the beaten track traversed by other countries in the them at a inherited from the old society and enable their country development of technology and trail behind convention and to surpass all capitalist countries. There is no doubt snail's pace. We must break away from possible in order about it. Under the guidanoe of Mao Tsetung Thought, adopt as many advanced techniques as modern socialist the Chinese people can catch up with and surpass the to build our country into a powerful period." The develop- advanced world levels in industrial technique- state in not too long a historical ment of China's ind.ustry in the past 20 post'liberation libetate Lenin pointed out: "socialism alone will years eloquently proves that we have not only changed science from its bourgeois fettets." In China, the ih" b".k*"rdness inherited from old China, but that socialist system has been further consolidated and Mao u,ill certainly reach the most advanced world levels in we Tsetung Thought has been popularized more widely in industrial technology. The Chinese people have treft the course of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. the Western capitalist countries far behind in regard' Once Marxism-Lenini.sm-Mao Tsetung Thought is to political, soeial and economic systems. The rapid grasped by the masses of the workers, they can emanei- speed of industrial production and seientific and fetishes and pate their minds and do away with all technological development in our country is also beyond superstitions, knowing the world to the maximum imagination to the Western capitalist courrtries: Many their extent and transforming it and swiftly advancing techniques of advanced world levels are constantly being knowledge of science and technology in breadth and invented by the Chinese people T?re era of the fevolu- depth. tionary leap forward in which a day is equivalent to more than 100 should also study what is advanced in foreign twenty years, as predicted by Marx We people' countries. The aim in studying foreign things is to years ago, is now emerging before the Chinese

Albonio Scores Greot Achievements in lts Sociolist lndustry ond Agriculture

even nails had the correct leadership of the Albanian Party handicraft workshops. At that time, f TNDER Albania has not LJ of Labour headed by Comrade Enver Hoxha, the to be imported. But today, soeialist heavy and working class and broad masses of the agricultural only buili up its modern industry, including achieved a rapid industrial workers of heroic Albania, with pick in one hand and tigtrt inaustries, but also value in 1968 in the other, have consistently adhered to the dic- development. Albania's industrial output rifle industrial and agri- tatorship of the proletariat and the road of socialism rose to 61.6 per cent in the total 8 per cent in and pressed on with the socialist revolution in depth eultural output value as compared with of industrial without let-up. Particularly during the last few years, the pre-liberation year of 1938; the ratio as the stirring revolutionization movement was un- production in the national income rose from 4 per cent folded throughout the country, they have greatly in 1938 to 39.5 per cent in 1968. The industrial output heightened'their socialist consciousness and demonstrat- value in 1968 was more than 52 times that of 1938, ed a high degree of political enthusiasm as well as a that is, the weekly output value in 1968 was equivalent great liveliness on the production front. Giving full to the yearly output value of 1938. The total industrial play to the revolutionary spirit of self-reliance and output value this year will be about 58 times that of hard work to make the country strong, they have con- 1938. stantly overcome the difficulties confronting them as steadfastly to the principle of giving they press ahead and erushed the sabotage activities Adhering the development of heavy industry and de- and blockade carried out by imperialism, revisionism priority to industry independently, the Albanian and reaction against Albania. The industrial and agri- veloping socialist and the people have cultural workers of Albania have scored great achieve- Party of Labour, the Government underground mineral ments in building its socialist industry and agriculture, done enormous work in exploring which are making big strides forward. resourees. Geological workers, displaying a heroic spirit of daring to struggle and win victory, found oil' cop- lndustriol Upswing per, chromium, coal, phosphorus and other minerals in had pro- Before liberation, poverty-stricken and backward areas which foreign bourgeois "authorities" prospect" for development' The Albania had virtually no modern industry. It had only nounced as having "no up favourable severdl miries, controlled by foreign capitalists and discovery of these mine:'al riches opened some heavy indus- operated as if they were handicraftq plus some simple conditions for the development of 27 December 5, 7969 trial branches. Compared with 1938, Albania's oil out- cattle in 1968 represented a 43 per cent increase over put in 1968 went up more than 10 times, chromium the 1938 figure. output 52 times, copper output 35 times and coal output At the 5th Congress of the Albanian Party of La- 136 times. bour, Comrade Enver Hoxha said: "Side by side with On the basis of a steady expansion of the tapping the rapid development of agriculture, with the struggle of underground resources, the Party and Government for its intensification, the reclairrring of new land should have vigorously developed the processing industry for be continued for a long time." Enthusiastically respond- important minerals and scored tremendous successes. ing to the call of the Party, the broad masses of the The volume oI oil processing last year was 14 times agricultural workers, fighters of the People's Army and that of 1950. yoUng vslunteers fought against nature rvith an un- Several large chemical industrial enterprises have daunted'spirit of heroism, reclaiming more than 209,000 been built in Albania since the beginning of the imple- hectares of land between 1956 and the spring of this mentation ot ttre Fourth Five-Year Plan (1966-19?0).r year. The large-scale drainage projects carried out : after the establishment of the People's Government ' The power industry has developed at a very high have converted over 30,000 hectares of marshland into speed. Electricity output of the cormtry in 1968 was fertile land. 76 times that of 1938. Irrigation projects are also developing at a quick Albania has also made remarkable achievements in tempo. In recent years, the broad masses of agricultural developing the machine-building industry after libera- workers, together with industrial workers, in some tion, which plays a big role in socialist construction by mountainous areas have opened up mountains to dig supplying the various departments of the national one canal after another in the course of which, defying economy, especially the agricultural branches, with hardships and dangers, they performed great feats of large quantities of machinery and spare parts. revolutionary heroism. Large stretches of land were While giving priority to the development of pro- thus brought under irrigation. The time-honoured be- ducing means of production, Albania has achieved out- lief that man must rely on nature for survival was standing successes in expanding the production of con- demolished. And grain production rose from year to sumer goods. year. Up to 1968, rnore than 242,000 hectares of land were irrigated throughout Albania, an increase of eight Flourishing Agriculture times over the 1938 figure. "The struggle to produce food grains in the country Outstanding successes have also been made in has been and rernains the struggle for socialism in our raising the level of mechanization in agriculture and country." Following this teaching of their great leader animal husbandry. Today, there are 29 machine and Comrade Enver Hoxha, the broad masses of the agri- tractor stations and 29 machine stations attached to cultural workers in Albania have brought about a new state farms in Albania. Some of the mountainous areas high tide in farming with the acfive support of the have begun setting up machine and tractor stations. working class and the people throughout the country. At present, there are 10,500 tractors (in terms of 15-h.p' The emphasis was on increased grain production and units) in the country and the Mallakaster tractor sta- great successes have been chalked up. In 1968, the out- tion alone has as many tractors as the 1948 national put of grain crops in the country was two and a half figure. times that of 1938. Output wheat more than of The steady rise in the production of chemical fer- doubled, that of maize increased by 63 per cent and tilizers has also contributed to the swift development that of rice by 92 per cent. Several mountainous areas in agricultural production. Output of chemical fertili- which failed to produce enough grain for their own zers this year will increase 1l-fold as compared consumption have since 1966 become self-sufficient in with 1966. grain and even delivered surplus grains to the state. In recent years, Albanian agricultural workers and Apart from a year-to-year increase in grain pro- scientific workers have carried out agricultural scien- duction, rapid growth has also been registered in the experiments on an extensive mass scale, and this production of many industrial crops. Here output in tific has powerfully promoted the development of agricul- 1968 was 23 times that of 1938. Of these cash crops, tural production in the country. cotton increased by ?7-fold and tobacco B-fold. The acreage of fruit trees and vegetables has been expand- ing year by year. Remarkable successes have also been won by live- stock workers in the development of animal husbandry d.uring the past 25 years. In recent years, improve- ments have been made in breeding big animals on the plains and in the hilly and mountainous areas. Fodder bases have been expanded and their management im- proved. As a result, the animals have increased in numbef::iffiil:irnproved in breed. T}.re,total number of

28 Peki.ng Retsieu, No. 49 Excellent Situotion in Dhofor Areo Armed Struggle

D ERSISTING in their armed strug- I gle against British colonial rule under rnost difficult conditions, the people in the Dhofar area on the southernmost tip of the Arabian Pe- ninsula have brought about an excel- Ient situation there as a result of their heroic fighting. The anti-British armed uprising broke out in the Dhofar mountains on June 9, 1965. In the past four years, the People's Liberation Army of the People's Front for the Libera- tion of the Occupied Arabian Gulf has wiped out more than 3,000 enemy troops, including more than 250 Bri- tish officers, destroyed over 400 enemy military vehicles of all types, demo- lished more than 100 artillery pieces, P.L.A. fighters sturlying Chairman Mao's works shot down 16 British military planes and captured more than 600 different types of weapons and a large quantity of other military daily. However, British colonialism's towering crimes equipment. only aroused greater revolutionary indignation among all the armymen and people in the Dhofar area and Especially in the past two years, the People's Lib- strengthened their determination to reply to counter- eration Army has grown stronger and stronger in battle revolutionary violence with revolutionary violence till and become more proficient in rviping out enemy ef- the colonialists are driven out of the Arabian Gulf. As fectives. On the other hand, the morale of the mer- one member of the General Command of the People's cenary troops has become low and widespread war- Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arabian GuIf weariness has set in. Desertion or surrender to the recently said: "The brilliant thesis of Chairman Mao People's Liberation Army has occurred frequently. Tsetung that 'political power grows out of the barrel The anti-British arrned struggle situation in the of a gun' is an incontrovertible tmth. Ttris brilliant Dhofar area this year has become better than ever. Up thesis has been confirmed by the revolutionary practice to the latter half of August, the People s Liberation in the Dhofar area and the rvhole Arabian Gulf region." Army had liberated all the towns and villages in the Following is a frontline report by Hsinhua corres- western region after capturing Rakhyut, the enemy's pondent who was recently in Dhofar. last stronghold in the western coastal region. The en- tire countryside in eastern Dhofar and most of the villages in central Dhofar have also come under Peo- ple's Liberation Army control. Resolutely Wipe Out the Enemy Trying to check the vigorous development of the Who Refuses to Surrender people's armed struggle in the Dhofar area, the Bri.tish colonialists carried out a relentless economic blockade The largest city in western Dhofar, Rakhyut was and military suppression in the countryside. Planes an

December 5, 1969 29 the sea in front of it, it has vast stretches of plains in used hand-grenades to blow up the barbed-wire en- the surrounding areas. Last November, the People's tanglements. Unfu heavy fire, one enemy fortified Liberation Army captured a town nearby and the position after another was destroyed and many of the enemy in Rakhyut was isolated and hemmed in on all stubbornly resisting enemy soldiers were killed or sides. However, the enemy refused to accept his de- rvounded. After a bitter fight lasting more than four struction. He built pillboxes and put up barbed-wire hours, the enemy could not hold out and was compelled entanglements and reinforeed fortifications on the to hoist a rvhite flag over one pillbox. A dozen or so outer perimeter of Rakhyut in an attempt to put up a of the remaining enemy troops threw up their hands, last-ditch fight. In his death-bed strugglg the enemy handed over their v/eapons and surrendered to the persecuted the masses in Rakhyut more wildly and People's Liberation Army. brutally, carrying out wanton looting, blad

The attack began. With bitter and deep-seated hatred for the enemy, all the fighters and militiamen fought and charged forward fiercely and courage- ously. They concentrated sub-machine- gun, machine-gun and automatic-rifle P.L..A. fiehters train themsclves in the course of fighting to fire to seal off the enemy pilboxes and constantly raise their skill in wiping out the enemy. 30 Peki.ng Rersiew, Ne. 49 PEKING REVIEW

French, Spanish, Vol. lZ, No. 49 Published in Engliih, editions December 5, 1969 Japanese and German

ARTICLES AND DOCUMENIS Choirrnsn Moo, Yice-Choirmon Lin ond Premier Chou Send Messoge to Comrodes Hoxho, Lleshi ond Shehu 3

Chinese Porty ond Government Delegotion Attends Celebrotions in firono 4

Grond Cdebrotion of the 25th Anniversory oI the Uberotion of Atbonio 5

Ar$ossador Robo Gives Grond Seception 8 Ambossodor Xhorxhi Robo's Speech Premier Chou En-loi's Speech

Wormly Celebroting Albonion People's Glorious Festivql (Grond Rollies in Chino's Mojor Cities) 12

Heroic Peoplo, Spectoculor Victory-Renmd,n Riboo editoriol 13

U,S.-loponere Reostionoriet' Criminol Designs- Rpnmin Ribao editoriol 14

Stotement of Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affoirs 16

Mouritonion Ambossodor to Chino Gives Notionol Doy Reception 17

Ouirmon Moo's Militory Thinking ls the Mogic Weopon in.Deleoting the Enemy 18

Developing Chino's Chemicol lndustry by Our Own Efforts-Hung Huo-chun 21

Doctrine of Troiling Behind ot o Snoil's Poce ls the Reoctionory Philosophy oI Slovish Comprodors-Ko Hsin-chun ond Chu Tien-chun 24

Albonio-Scores Greot Achievements in lts Sociolist lndustry ond Agriculture 27

Excellent Situotion in Dhofor Areo Armed Struggle A

Published evcry Fridsv bv PEKING REVlElt/ Pering (37), Chlno Post OIfiee Registrstlon No. 2'92' Coble Address Peklng 2910 Pttnted in the PeoPle's Republlc of Chino Selection in English a /,ij ,R +

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. A Single Spark Can Start a Prairie Fire

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