The Performance of the Feminist Collective Marielle Franco and the Impact on the Mental Health of Its Members During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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artigo Lins, M.E.A.I.; Menezes, G.R.S.; Castro Silva, P.M.; The performance of the feminist collective Marielle Franco and the impact on the mental health of its members during the COVID-19 pandemic

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36489/saudecoletiva.2021v11i63p5476-5487 The performance of the feminist collective Marielle Franco and the impact on the mental health of its members during the COVID-19 pandemic

El desempeño del colectivo feminista Marielle Franco y el impacto en la salud mental de sus miembros durante la pandemia del COVID-19 A atuação do coletivo feminista Marielle Franco e o impacto na saúde mental de suas integrantes durante a pandemia da COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the impact of the actions carried out at the Feminist Collective Marielle Franco to promote the mental health of university students during the pandemic of COVID-19. Method: It was an action research carried out with students from the Nursing and Psychology courses at the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG). The Collective meetings took place remotely from April to June 2020. A semi-structured interview script was used for data collection and analytically the thematic categorical model proposed by Bardin. Results: The following emerged as thematic categories: 1. Perspectives pointed out about gender in the experience of the Feminist Collective during the COVID-19 pandemic; 2. The performance of the Feminist Collective during the COVID-19 pandemic and its articulation with the members' mental health. Conclusion: The collective actions developed remotely during the pandemic were successful in providing a space that was welcoming to the demands of the students, promoting mental health and the formation of a support network for women. DESCRIPTORS: Feminism; COVID-19; Students.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el impacto de las acciones realizadas en el Colectivo Feminista Marielle Franco para promover la salud mental de los estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Se trata de una investigación realizada con estudiantes de los cursos de Enfermería y Psicología de la Universidad Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG). Los encuentros Colectivos se realiza- ron de forma remota de abril a junio de 2020. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un guión de entrevista semiestructurado y analí- ticamente el modelo temático categórico propuesto por Bardin. Resultados: Surgieron como categorías temáticas las siguientes: 1. Perspectivas señaladas sobre género en la experiencia del Colectivo Feminista durante la pandemia de COVID-19; 2. La actuación del Colectivo Feminista durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y su articulación con la salud mental de las integrantes. Conclusión: Las acciones colectivas desarrolladas a distancia durante la pandemia tuvieron éxito en brindar un espacio acogedor a las demandas de los estudiantes, promoviendo la salud mental y la formación de una red de apoyo a las mujeres. DESCRIPTORES: Feminismo; COVID-19; Estudiantes.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o impacto das ações realizadas no Coletivo Feminista Marielle Franco para a promoção da saúde mental de universitárias durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa-ação realizada com discentes dos cursos de Enfermagem e Psicologia da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG). Os encontros do Coletivo aconteceram de forma remota de abril a junho de 2020. Para coleta dos dados utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, e analitica- mente o modelo categorial temático proposto por Bardin. Resultados: Emergiram como categorias-temáticas: 1. Perspectivas apontadas sobre gênero na vivência do Coletivo Feminista durante a pandemia da COVID-19; 2. A atuação do Coletivo Femi- nista durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e sua articulação com a saúde mental das integrantes. Conclusão: As ações do coletivo desenvolvidas de forma remota durante a pandemia foram exitosas ao oportunizar um espaço acolhedor às demandas das estudantes, promovendo a saúde mental e a formação de uma rede de apoio para as mulheres. DESCRITORES: Feminismo; COVID-19; Estudantes.

RECEIVED ON: 12/28/2020 APPROVED ON: 01/11/2021

5482 saúdecoletiva • 2021; (11) N.63 artigo Lins, M.E.A.I.; Menezes, G.R.S.; Castro Silva, P.M.; The performance of the feminist collective Marielle Franco and the impact on the mental health of its members during the COVID-19 pandemic

Maria Eduarda Amorim Isidro Lins Undergraduate student of the Nursing Course at the Federal University of Campina Grande -UFCG-PB. ORCID: 0000-0001-8271-7635

Giovanna Raquel Sena Menezes Undergraduate student of the Nursing Course at the Federal University of Campina Grande -UFCG- PB. ORCID: 0000-0001-9059-0347

Priscilla Maria de Castro Silva PhD in Nursing from the Postgraduate Program in Nursing at the Federal University of Paraíba (PPGENF/UFPB), Master in Nursing from PPGENF/UFPB. Specialist in Mental Health and Psychosocial Care by FIP. Bachelor and Licentiate in Nursing from the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), she is currently a professor in the Nursing Course at the Federal University of Campina Grande (CCBS/UFCG). ORCID: 0000-0002-0344-8367

INTRODUCTION ve all, in women, black and poor, who perpetuate cultural patterns that reaffirm were most affected by the consequences oppression. 6 The objective of the study ith the scenario of the spread of the pandemic. Another aggravating was to analyze the impact of the actions of Coronavirus Disease 2019 factor, especially in times of crisis, is carried out at the Feminist Collective W(COVID-19), an infectious the challenge of women's rights, making Marielle Franco to promote the mental and contagious disease initially iden- these women invisible and vulnerable to health of university students during the tified in the city of Wuhan, China, in precarious work, to a subhuman journey COVID-19 pandemic. December 2019, the world began to face of activities at home and, if inserted in As a research hypothesis, it was poin- countless challenges due to its high con- the university context, to demand orga- ted out that the continuity of collective tagion capacity and an alarming number nization for academic activities. 4 meetings during the pandemic would of infections, leading to being characteri- It is worth emphasizing that the con- potentially lead to the strengthening of zed as a pandemic in March 2020 by the text in which women are inserted has students, to the sharing of care strategies World Health Organization (WHO). 1 In peculiarities that are not applied to men, in actions with significant contributions view of this, precautionary measures had due to the gender oppression present to mental health and the empowerment to be taken by governments and organi- in society, as a patriarchal society stifles of these women. zations, countries had to adopt measures and defines gender behaviors, always as- such as social isolation, closing schools, signing privileges to men, women, since METHOD universities and various public and priva- they are born, are convinced that they te institutions. 2 must do everything for the family and for The present work was configured as a The COVID-19 pandemic has perva- love, this devotion becomes a way of ea- qualitative nature assuming the character ded all areas of the collective and indivi- sing the violence and oppression suffered, of action research, this type of research dual life of the population, so there was as they end up accepting everything for a is characterized as a method that allows also a reflection in the scope of mental "greater good". 5 Therefore, these students intervention, generating change in the health. 3 Taking into account university as women are affected by several issues in environment in which the research is students, it was shown that, as the chan- the domestic environment, such as char- developed. 7 That said, this research es- ges occurred very quickly, this factor may ges for carrying out domestic activities, tablished an active relationship between have caused difficulty in adapting the the need to take care of a family member researcher and participants and together students, with this sudden rupture, since and difficulty reconciling the hours of re- they developed solutions to problems de- the classes had to be suspended, allowing mote classes or studies with the demands tected in the pandemic of COVID-19. psychological suffering.2 of the home. This study was part of a research deve- Furthermore, it is necessary to reflect The relevance of the Feminist Collec- loped in the Institutional Scientific Ini- on the various intersectionalities that tive was found through the search for the tiation Program for Scientific Initiation go through gender discussions, because formation of a support and care network (PIVIC - Programa Institucional Volun- despite the pandemic reaching a huge among university students, with actions tário de Iniciação Científica) of the Fede- portion of the population, the people aimed at breaking the hegemony of male ral University of Campina Grande, car- most affected by the consequences of domination and oppression over women, ried out from 2019 to 2020. In general, these viruses presented crossings of since the university, like any other insti- this research was developed in 3 phases, gender, race and class, which fell, abo- tution inserted in the social space, it can which were: 1 Conducting a semi-struc-

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tured interview before the creation of the The technique adopted for data col- med Consent Form (ICF), whose infor- Feminist Collective; 2. Creation of the lection was through semi-structured in- mation on all stages of the research and Feminist Collective and development terviews conducted before and after the its risks and benefits were described. of thematic conversation circles and 3. thematic conversation circles. The first The participants' confidentiality was Application of semi-structured inter- interview was held at CCBS/UFCG, the guaranteed, letters and numbers were views after the creation of the Feminist locations for the interviews were chosen used to identify them, the initial of the Collective. by the participants themselves, to make course and a number for each partici- The research adopted the following them feel more comfortable, such as a pant was placed according to the order inclusion criteria: 1. Be a woman (cis or classroom. As a result of social isolation, in which it was interviewed, for exam- trans) or recognize yourself as a woman; the second interview was conducted ple, for a Psychology student who was 2. Be a student regularly enrolled in one through a digital platform, which was the fifth to be interviewed, identifica- of the three courses at the Center for chosen by the participants. Both in the tion P5 was assigned. Biological and Health Sciences at the first and in the second phase the inter- Federal University of Campina Grande views were recorded. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION on the Campina Grande campus (CCBS The semi-structured interview script / UFCG); 3. Identify yourself with the of the first phase had six questions about The results will be presented from two theme addressed in the project. The ex- the motivation to participate in a femi- categories, with the respective discussion clusion criteria for the participants, on nist collective, the difficulties of being a about the data found: 1. Perspectives the other hand, were: 1. To be under 18 woman in society and the expectations pointed out about gender in the expe- years old. involved. In the script for the second rience of the Feminist Collective during In its first phase, the research started phase, eight questions were asked about the COVID-19 pandemic; 2. The perfor- with the participation of thirty students, the experiences within the collective, mance of the Feminist Collective during sixteen students from the Nursing cou- the relevance of the themes addressed, the COVID-19 pandemic and its articu- rse, one from the Medicine course and the academic connection through this lation with the members' mental health. fourteen from the Psychology course, the process and the relationship of these age range of the participants ranged from factors with mental health, including Perspectives pointed on gender 18 years to 26 years. In its second and the experience of collective meetings in the experience of the feminist third phases, due to the COVID-19 pan- during the pandemic. collective during the COVID-19 demic, there was an evasion of nineteen As a result of the responses to these pandemic students, leaving three students from the interviews, several categories of analysis There is a process of erasing the con- Psychology course and eight from the emerged. However, this article analyzes quests of the feminist movement de- Nursing course. This dropout by the stu- only those collected by the second semi- veloped by common sense that serves dents was characterized by the difficulty -structured interview, more specifically as the artifice of patriarchy to weaken in maintaining a virtual link with the re- those on issues related to the collective the merit of the movement and restrict search, since it would not be possible to contribution to the students' mental he- women's empowerment, causing a de- continue with the face-to-face contact. alth and to meetings developed remotely parture and even a repudiation of many As a result, the Collective meetings due to the pandemic. Bardin's “Content women to integrate in the movement's in 2020 were held remotely, from April Analysis” was chosen for data analysis 8 struggle for end of oppression suffered. to June, through a digital video calling who works exploring written material, As Hooks 9 defines, "Feminism is a mo- platform, Google Meet. The Feminist evaluating speeches. After the implemen- vement to end sexism, sexist exploita- Collective Marielle Franco has biweekly tation, recording and transcription of the tion and oppression". meetings, whose themes are suggested by interviews, there was a fluctuating rea- The lack of knowledge about the im- the participants, enabling representative- ding of the text and then a more detailed portance of feminism is present in several ness in the various topics covered and an exploration of the material, determining spheres, permeates the private sphere of exchange of knowledge between them, a the recording unit. individuals and persists even in the aca- very important factor when taking into The research was only carried out demic environment, which should be a account the interdisciplinarity existing in after the project was approved by the space of broad political and social trai- the academy. Several topics were discus- Ethics Committee of the Hospital Uni- ning of the subject, since in the academy sed, such as: COVID-19 pandemic; Wo- versitário Alcides Carneiro - UFCG reductionist and prejudiced discourses men and Mental Health; Mental Health - Campina Grande through CAAE: are disseminated about feminism. 10 and Gender; Black Feminism; Abusive 19244919.1.0000.5182. Each partici- Many university students can experience relationship, among others. pant read and signed a Free and Infor- this incomprehension about the move-

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ment and distance themselves from the rying factor, as it demonstrates that there late 1960s as the social union between gender debate, a fact evidenced in the is no protection for women even in their women without distinction of social class student's speech about participation in own home. Such affliction was indicated or of race. 13 Political solidarity can be ex- the Feminist Collective meetings during by a research participant, as can be seen pressed by sorority, sharing the feeling of the COVID-19 pandemic: below: common suffering and commitment in the fight against patriarchal injustice. 9 “Challenging, but important. In “And I also think about the context This experience was noted as a repercus- the midst of all the chaos, I ended of other women in the collective sion of involvement in the activities of up coming to my mom's house in who are in the home of a family the feminist collective, according to the another city. Telling her that she that is deeply rooted in patriar- interviewee's report E12: participated in a feminist collec- chy, machismo, forms of oppression tive and was going to have these of women and abuse as well. [...] “Finding this space for welcoming, meetings caused her astonishment, Because these women have to be at listening, exchanging experiences, just like me, she didn't know much home constantly with other people is surrounded by women so strong, about the subject either.” *(P1) who oppress them or who do them so present in the collective, it has harm, I think it is very important this importance for me too, becau- Another relevant observation obser- that the collective is in this period se I get stronger as a woman, I get ved in the interviewee's statement P1 was of pandemic.” (E10) stronger in this period of instabi- the return of these students to the family lity that we is living due to CO- home environment, since many univer- The demands resulting from interac- VID-19.” sity students need their homes in other tions in this dysfunctional domestic envi- cities to carry out academic activities in ronment are contemplated and accepted Thus, it is noted that the operationa- person, and with the suspension of these in the collective's actions. The experience lization of the Feminist Collective Ma- and the possibility of being carried out of remote encounters made it possible rielle Franco during the COVID-19 pan- remotely. they face another impasse of to protect these students not only in the demic was an essential tool to provide a this pandemic period: the return to the aspect of psychological distress, but also welcoming and strengthening space for home of parents/family for an indefinite as a support tool for maintaining the students at this time of crisis. period of time. physical and mental integrity of the par- The domestic environment has histo- ticipants through trust in this formed su- The feminist collective's perfor- rically been attributed to women as the pport network. Situation ratified in the mance during the COVID-19 pan- only place for the expression of their in- following statement: demic and its joint with members terests and their wills, still considered as 'mental health an environment of lesser social prestige “These meetings, having this con- The COVID-19 pandemic brought and maintenance of unequal relations tact for me is one of the highlights several changes in the way of living in so- of power between the figure of man and of my period at home due to the ciety, the measures taken during this pe- woman. In this sense, culturally the so- pandemic and it also works as a riod, such as the quarantine and closing cial roles of men and women are defined protection for me, right? Because of schools and universities, generated a according to “strategic binarism”, which it is a moment that I really hope decrease in direct contact between hu- uses biological differences to reaffirm for during the week, which is the man beings, this factor is configured as a and justify social inequalities. 11 This meeting of the collective, contact stressor for individuals' mental health.14 environment is also liable to express di- with women also for me are self- Student P6 reinforces the thought descri- fferent forms of oppression and types -care tools too, you know, because I bed, demonstrating that the COVID-19 of violence, since all forms of violence feel strengthened, I can also stren- pandemic emerged unexpectedly and against women are linked to the power gthen other women, so this is of brought several negative feelings, as can relationship and the idea of subordina- inestimable importance for mental be seen below: tion of women to men. 5 health as well.” (E12) In this way, the social detachment ne- “We didn't expect the collective cessary during the pandemic brought to This discourse highlights the relevan- to have to face these virtual mee- light numerous indications of the incre- ce of support among women in coping tings and have to do it that way. ase in violence against women in several with the obstacles imposed by machis- The pandemic was something that countries around the world, including mo, based on the term Sorority that was surprised everyone and in a very Brazil, during this period. 12 This is a wor- coined by the writer Kate Millet in the negative way, because we are very

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distressed. Anyway, we were de- decided to continue its activities remo- support network, even if it is not prived of a lot that we would like tely, in an attempt to guarantee a place physically, but socially we are still to be living, right? ”. (P6) that allowed sharing and care, below you meeting.” (E9) can see the students' statements reporting The restriction of daily activities that how this experience was set up: Thus, it is necessary to maintain the were common before, but which became link between individuals to ensure biop- impossible with the pandemic, generated sychosocial well-being. The formation of several impacts on people's lives, one of a support network is linked to the coexis- the consequences of this scenario was the tence of individuals, that is, this network deprivation of educational activities. 15 As will be built through affective exchan- a result, educational institutions needed ges and sharing experiences, generating to seek strategies that would make it pos- The restriction empathy and respect in the group. 16 In sible to keep part of their practices active, the current scenario of the COVID-19 thus arising the need to implement acti- of daily activities pandemic, the construction of a support vities remotely. network is an important tool for mental These remote activities start from that were common health care. The consolidation of this ne- the application of the use of informa- twork for CCBS/UFCG students took tion technologies in the academic envi- before, but which place through the Feminist Collective ronment. 15 Thus, there is an adaptation Marielle Franco, one can observe the re- of these technologies according to the became impossible levance of its functioning during the pan- need presented in the environment in demic in the speech below: which they are being inserted. Despi- with the pandemic, te this, many social and personal issues “It was important to participate interfere and become obstacles for the generated several in that moment and share the ex- application of these technologies to oc- periences, the anxieties that the cur, below two students who are part of impacts on moment caused/causes. We discuss the Feminist Collective report the diffi- issues that go through our day to culties encountered to participate in the people's lives day, the anxiety caused by the mo- activities of this group remotely: ment, it is important because we end up recognizing in each other's “I'm not going to lie that it was speech, we know that we are not complicated for me, okay? Because alone.” (P1) I still haven't adapted very well to this new learning format. [...] But “It really is a way out, at least for The emotional difficulties mentioned I understand that it is a way for us me, to be able to take the person's by the student are characteristic of the to stay connected and that it is an mind out of everything that is moment experienced, a review of stu- issue that we need.” (P8) going on. I spend the whole week dies carried out on quarantine moments “Sometimes it was a little compli- thinking ‘my God, the collective shows a high incidence of negative psy- cated to be able to participate due is on a certain day, I hope it co- chological effects on people, these in turn to internet issues, people at home, mes soon’, because it’s a different can prevail for a long period. 3 Therefore, but in spite of everything they were thing in the routine, you know? it is necessary to pay attention to an area incredible meetings with great It is something that, as I said, of health that is often neglected: mental energy even if remotely..” (E11) everyone is going through this, health. Below the students report the im- everyone understands and we pact of the Feminist Collective in caring In the statements above, it can be ob- calm down. [...] Continuing the for the mental health of its members du- served that this adaptation to the new collective remotely has been very ring the COVID-19 pandemic period: reality faced is not being easy, students good.” (E15) needed to have a double adaptation, due “I think it is very important that “It is being a balm, because I am to social isolation and remote activities. 15 these meetings were held remo- experiencing moments of a lot of Taking into account the possible negative tely, because as we cannot meet stress, a lot of anxiety and when I results that the pandemic could generate, in person, we have a way of su- enter the collective, it is as if it re- the Feminist Collective Marielle Franco pporting ourselves, we build a lieved, you know? [...] The collecti-

5486 saúdecoletiva • 2021; (11) N.63 artigo Lins, M.E.A.I.; Menezes, G.R.S.; Castro Silva, P.M.; The performance of the feminist collective Marielle Franco and the impact on the mental health of its members during the COVID-19 pandemic

ve is always very light, it is alwa- construction of a support network that it and sharing place, in which they could ys a space for speech, it is always generates listening, sharing, bonding and express the pains and learnings that oc- a space for you to place yourself. relieves the pressures that exist in this curred during this period. [...] so, this quarantine is being one context of a pandemic. However, one of the main difficulties thousand and one percent of im- during the implementation of the remote portance. ” (P6) CONCLUSION activities was to be able to keep the par- “So, my experience with the collec- ticipants linked to the group, since some tive during the COVID-19 pande- In view of the fact that women were students had difficulties with the use of mic was very positive, it was stren- most affected by the pandemic scenario, information technologies, with obstacles gthening, I feel that it moved my due to the overload of functions in the such as connecting to the internet and days in this pandemic, that made domestic environment and the increase adapting to virtual platforms. Even so, me reflect on many things and that in violence against women during this it was possible to maintain a very active helped me to seek this mental heal- period, it was necessary to carry out stra- group and the experience with the collec- th.” (E10) tegies to promote and prevent possible tive in this period proved to be success- psychological damage that can arise in ful, promoting the mental health care of Thus, it was observed that despite crisis situations, among them is the cre- its members. It should be noted that the the difficulties resulting from the CO- ation of a place that provides a support presence of a Feminist Collective and the VID-19 pandemic, the Feminist Collec- network. With this, the Feminist Collec- construction of research on gender in the tive Marielle Franco has configured itself tive Marielle Franco sought to continue academic environment are forms of resis- as a powerful tool for the care of the men- its activities, even if in a remote way, to tance and to ensure the permanence of tal health of its participants, enabling the guarantee its participants a welcoming women in these spaces.

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