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1 O’ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA O’RTA MAXSUS TA’LIM VAZIRLIGI TOSHKENT DAVLAT SHARQSHUNOSLIK INSTITUTI UZOQ SHARQ VA JANUBIY OSIYO TILLARI FAKULTETI BITIRUV MALAKAVIY ISHI Mavzu: Xitoy tilida musiqiy asboblarning leksik-struktur tahlili. Bajardi: “Xitoy filologiyasi” ta’lim yo’nalishi bitiruvchi kurs talabasi Abduvoxidova Madina Baxtiyor qizi ____________ Ilmiy rahbar: “Xitoy filologiyasi” kafedrasi katta o’qituvchisi f.f.n Hoshimova S.A.__________ TOSHKENT- 2012 2 Bitiruv malakaviy ishi himoyaga tavsiya etildi “Uzoq Sharq va Janubiy Osiyo tillari” “Xitoy filologiyasi” kafedrasi mudiri fakulteti dekani f.f.n. Nosirova S. A. Sultanova L.A. _____________________________ ______________________________ “____” _____________ 2012-yil “____” _____________ 2012-yil 3 Toshkent davlat sharqshunoslik instituti Uzoq Sharq va Janubiy Osiyo tillari fakulteti xitoy filologiyasi kafedrasining 4-kurs talabasi Abduvoxidova Madina Baxtiyor qizining “ Xitoy tilida cholg’u asboblarining leksik-struktur tahlili” deb nomlangan BMI ishiga ilmiy rahbar xulosasi Mazkur malakaviy ish kirish, ikki bob, xulosa va ilovadan iborat. Birinchi bob “Xitoy va o’zbek cholg’u asboblarining tadrijasi” deb nomlanib, bob ikki fasldan tashkil topgan. Mazkur bobda xitoy va o’zbek cholg’u asboblarining kelib chiqishi tarixi, musiqiy asboblar deb qanday asboblarga nisbatan aytilishi bayoni ko’rib chiqilgan. Ikkinchi bob “O’zbek va xitoy cholg’u asboblarining leksik-struktur tahlili” deb nomlanib, ikki fasldan iborat. Ushbu bobda cholg’u asboblari iyerogliflarining yasalish usullari haqida bayon etilgan. Xulosada tadqiqot mavzusi bo’yicha erishilgan natijalar bayoni keltirilgan. Ishning obyekti: Cholg’u asboblarning leksik-struktur tahlili. Ishning predmeti : Xitoy va o’zbek xalqi cholg’u asboblari tasnifi, ularning tadrijasi, o’xshash va farqli jihatlari. Ilmiy ishning yangiligi: xitoy tilida musiqiy asboblarni kelib chiqish tarixi, cholg’u asboblar nomlarini struktur jihatdan tahlili ko’rib chiqildi. Cholg’u asboblarning kelib chiqishiga doir turli olimlarning bergan fikrlari tahlil etildi. Shu natijasida “Xitoycha - o’zbekcha lug’at” mini – lug’ati yaratilishi ko’zda tutilgan. Malakaviy ishning nazariy ahamiyati: Tadqiqot materiallaridan xitoy tiliga oid bo’lgan turli xil darsliklar, o’quv qo’llanmalar, “Xitoy va o’zbek cholg’u asboblari” nomli brashura shaklidagi kitobcha tuzish mumkinligi. Malakaviy ishning amaliy ahamiyati: Xitoy tiliga ixtisoslashtirilgan litseylar va maktab o’quvchilari uchun xitoy cholg’u asboblari haqida qiziqarli 4 ma’lumotlarga ega bo’lishlari, cholg’u asboblarining nomlari, kelib chiqishi tarixi, tuzilishi va ko’rinishi haqida umumiy tasavvurga ega bo’lishlari, musiqa olami haqida dunyoqarashlarini boyitishlari uchun asqotishi mumkin. Mazkur diplom ishi talablar asosida bajarilgan va himoyaga tavsiya etiladi. Ilmiy rahbar: TDShI Xitoy filologiyasi kafedrasi katta oqituvchisi, f.f.n. S.A.Hashimova 5 Toshkent davlat sharqshunoslik instituti Uzoq Sharq va Janubiy Osiyo tillari fakulteti xitoy filologiyasi kafedrasining bakalaviatura ta’lim yo’nalishining 4-kurs talabasi Abduvoxidova Madina Baxtiyor qizining “ Xitoy tilida cholg’u asboblarining leksik-struktur tahlili” deb nomlangan BMI ishi ANNOTATSIYASI Mavzuning dolzarbligi. Hammamizga yaxshi ma’lumki davlatlar va xalqlar o’rtasidagi aloqalarni mustahkamlash va yanada yaqinlashtirishda ma’daniyatning ayniqsa, musiqa va cholg’u asboblari madaniyatining o’rni beqiyosdir. Har bir xalqning o’ziga xos musiqiy asboblari bo’ladi. Lekin shunga qaramay musiqa asbobi qaysi xalqga mansub bo’lishidan qat’iy nazar undan taralgan kuy har bir insonga hush kayfiyat baxsh etadi. Turli marosim, bayram, bazm va sayillar, diniy va rasmiy tadbirlar, festivallar va tanlovlarni musiqasiz tasavvur qilib bo’lmaydi. “O’smirlarning hayotga qiziqishi, atrof-muhitni kuzatish qobiliyatning o’sishida musiqa muhim rol o’ynaydi. Demak boshqa san’at turlariga nisbatn musiqa san’ati estetik tarbiyaning muhim tarkibiy qismidir. Estetik tarbiyada musiqa san’ati o’ziga xos alohida ta’sirchanlikka ega bo’lganligi sababli qadim zamonlardan buyon hozirgacha maorifchilarning e’tiboriga sazovor bo’lib kelmoqda. Qadimgi xitoy faylasufi va maorifchisi Konfutsiy “Xursandliging she’rdan, do’stliging odobdan, yetilishing musiqadan bo’lur” degan edi1. Albatta musiqaning sifati u qaysi cholg’u asbobdan taralayotganiga uzviy bog’liq. Cholg’u asboblari sadosining sifati esa muayyan cholg’u asbobning shakli, umumiy tuzilishi, qurilmasi va uni tayyorlashda ishlatiladigan materialga bog’liq. Musiqa cholg’u asboblari qadimdan bambuk, yog’och, tosh, suyak, metall, teri,ipak, kokos yong’og’i, qovoq va boshqalardan tayyorlangan. Musiqa cholg’u asboblari tovush manbalariga qarab quyidagi turlarga bo’linadi: torli, puflab chalinadigan, teri qoplamali, tilchali, plastinkali, elektr va elektron musiqa cholg’ulari va idiofonlar2. Diplom ishimizni boshlashimizdan avval bizda bir savol tug’ildi: bugungi kunda O’zbekistonda va Xitoyda mavjud bo’lgan cholg’u asboblar aslida qanday paydo bo’lgan – O’rta Osiyodan Xitoyga borib qolganmi yoki aksincha Xitoydan O’rta Osiyoga kelib o’zlashganmi? Buni qarangki O’rta Osiyo va Xitoy xalqlari o’rtasidagi aloqalar juda uzoq vaqtlardan beri olimlarni qiziqtirib kelmoqda. Ma’lumki, xitoyliklar G’arbiy O’lka 3 bilan mil.av. II- asrda Xan davri elchixonasi Chjan Szyan boshchiligida O’rta Osiyo hududi chegaralariga kirib borgan davrda tanishadilar. Shu davrdan boshlab ikki hudud o’rtasida savdo va madaniy sohada ayriboshlash rivojlana boshlaydi. Xan davridanoq G’arbiy O’lkadan Xitoyga ba’zi musiqiy asboblar va alohida musiqalar kirib kela boshlagan. Misol uchun, ko’ndalang fleyta hu ya’ni ajnabiy cholg’u(ko’chmanchi 1 Oytilla Xoliq. Uyg’ur Xalq musiqasi vositasida kichik maktab yoshidagi o’quvchilarni estetik tarbiyalash. Dis.nomz.Toshkent. 2001y. 22-b. 2 Ўзбекистон Миллий Энциклопедияси. Давлат илмий нашриёти. Тошкент,2003.-149-б. 3 Xitoyliklar Suy va Tan (589-906) sulolalari davrida G’arbiy O’lka deganda Vizantiyadan to Eron va Hindistongacha, xususan,Osiyoning bir qismini; Yuan (1280-1376) sulolasi davrida esa sanab o’tilgan hududlar bilan birga Yevropa va Afrikanning ham bir qismini tushunganlar. 6 gunlardan o’zlashtirilgan), zhong qo’ng’iroqlari, sitra zheng, gorizontal arfa konghou, vertikal arfa konghou, zarbli cholg’u yangqin, pipa, tilli cholg’u sheng, damli cholg’u xiao, yaogu(belbog’li baraban), bo kimvallari va b. Xitoy tilshunosligida musiqa asboblari nomlarining tahlili, ularning kelib chiqishi, tarixiga oid tadqiqot ishlari kam olib borilgan. Bitiruv malakaviy ishimizning dolzarbligi xitoy va o’zbek cholg’u asboblarining leksik-struktur tahlili o’rganilmaganligi, ularni o’zbekcha tasnifi keltirilmaganligi, xitoy tili cholg’u asboblari lug’ati o’zbek tilida yo’qligidan iboratdir. Muammoning o’rganilganlik darajasi. O’zbekiston xitoyshunosligi tarixida ushbu mavzu bo’yicha izlanishlar chuqur olib borilmagan. Markaziy Osiyo cholg’ushunosligi,xususan, o’zbek milliy cholg’u ijrochiligining tarixiy, nazariy va amaliy masalalari o’zbek olimlari F.Karomatli, I.Rajabov, A.Nazarov, J.Rasultoyev, A.Malkeyeva,Botir Matyoqubov, M.Yusupova, A.Xalimovalar, rus olimlaridan T.S.Vizgo, Revo Markovich Petrov, A.N.Petrosyants, Belyayev V.M lar, yevropalik musiqashunoslar Egon Welesz, G.Farmer, L.Pekkin, yaponiyalik T.Genichi va boshqa qator olimlar izlanishlarida keng tadqiq etilgan. Chunonchi T.Vizgo, A.Malkeyeva asarlarida o’zbek xalq cholg’ulari, ularning tarixi, F.Karomatli tadqiqotlarida esa cholg’ularning ijro imkoniyatlari, mahalliy uslublari, sozlanish va diapazonlari har tomonlama o’rganiladi. Shu bilan birga, o’zbek milliy cholg’ulari A.Vamberi, M.Masson, L.Pempel, S.Tolstov, R.Sadokov, G.Pugachenkova kabi tarixchi va arxeolog olimlar tomonidan ham umumiy tarzda yoritiladi. Bitiruv malakaviy ishining obyektini xitoy tilida cholg’u asboblarning leksik-struktur tahlili tashkil etadi. Bitiruv malakaviy ishining predmeti. Xitoy tilidagi o’zbek va xitoy cholg’u asboblarning kelib chiqishi tarixi, xitoy va o’zbek madaniyatida cholg’u asboblarning tutgan o’rni bitiruv malakaviy ishining predmetini tashkil etadi. Bitiruv malakaviy ishining maqsad va vazifalari. Mazkur bitiruv malakaviy ishining bosh maqsadi – xitoy tilida cholg’u asboblarni tadrijasini o’rganib chiqish, ularning leksik-struktur tahlilini amalga oshirish, o’zbek va xitoy cholg’u asboblarining o’xshash va farqli jihatlarini ko’rib chiqishdir. Ushbu muammolarni yuzaga chiqarish maqsadida bitiruv malakaviy ishining oldiga quyidagi vazifalar qo’yildi: - Xitoy cholg’u asboblarini tadrijasini Van Dzichuning “中国乐器” kitobi asosida ko’rib chiqish. - Ularni leksik va struktur jihatidan tahlil qilish. - Ularning tasnifini keltirish. - O’zbek cholg’u asboblarini T.S.Vizgoning “Музыкальные инструменты Средней Азии” asari, F.Karomatovning “Узбекская инструментальная музыка” asari asosida tadrijasini ko’rib chiqish. - Ularni leksik va struktur jihatdan tahlil qilish. 7 - O’zbek va xitoy cholg’u asboblarini o’xshash va farqli jihatlarini ko’rib chiqish. Bitiruv malakaviy ishining metodlari. Bitiruv malakaviy ishini yozishda analiz, tasniflash, ta’riflash, guruhlashtirish, solishtiruv usullaridan foydalanildi. Ilmiy ishning yangiligi. Xitoy tilida musiqiy asboblarni kelib chiqish tarixi, cholg’u asboblar nomlarini struktur jihatdan tahlili ko’rib chiqildi. Cholg’u asboblarning kelib chiqishiga doir turli olimlarning bergan fikrlari tahlil etildi. Ushbu ish natijasida kelajakda “Xitoycha - o’zbekcha lug’at” mini – lug’ati yaratilishi ko’zda tutilgan. Bitiruv malakaviy
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