中國音樂術語hanyu Pinyin
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The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a New Look at Musical Instrument Classification
The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a new look at musical instrument classification by Roderic C. Knight, Professor of Ethnomusicology Oberlin College Conservatory of Music, © 2015, Rev. 2017 Introduction The year 2015 marks the beginning of the second century for Hornbostel-Sachs, the venerable classification system for musical instruments, created by Erich M. von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs as Systematik der Musikinstrumente in 1914. In addition to pursuing their own interest in the subject, the authors were answering a need for museum scientists and musicologists to accurately identify musical instruments that were being brought to museums from around the globe. As a guiding principle for their classification, they focused on the mechanism by which an instrument sets the air in motion. The idea was not new. The Indian sage Bharata, working nearly 2000 years earlier, in compiling the knowledge of his era on dance, drama and music in the treatise Natyashastra, (ca. 200 C.E.) grouped musical instruments into four great classes, or vadya, based on this very idea: sushira, instruments you blow into; tata, instruments with strings to set the air in motion; avanaddha, instruments with membranes (i.e. drums), and ghana, instruments, usually of metal, that you strike. (This itemization and Bharata’s further discussion of the instruments is in Chapter 28 of the Natyashastra, first translated into English in 1961 by Manomohan Ghosh (Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, v.2). The immediate predecessor of the Systematik was a catalog for a newly-acquired collection at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Brussels. The collection included a large number of instruments from India, and the curator, Victor-Charles Mahillon, familiar with the Indian four-part system, decided to apply it in preparing his catalog, published in 1880 (this is best documented by Nazir Jairazbhoy in Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology – see 1990 in the timeline below). -
Singapore Chinese Orchestra Instrumentation Chart
Singapore Chinese Orchestra Instrumentation Chart 王⾠威 编辑 Version 1 Compiled by WANG Chenwei 2021-04-29 26-Musician Orchestra for SCO Composer Workshop 2022 [email protected] Recommendedabbreviations ofinstrumentnamesareshown DadiinF DadiinG DadiinA QudiinBb QudiinC QudiinD QudiinEb QudiinE BangdiinF BangdiinG BangdiinA XiaodiinBb XiaodiinC XiaodiinD insquarebrackets ˙ ˙ ˙ #˙ ˙ ˙ #˙ ˙ ˙ 2Di ‹ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ #˙ [Di] ° & ˙ (Transverseflute) & ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ¢ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ b˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ s˙ounds 8va -DiplayerscandoubleontheXiaoinForG(samerangeasDadiinForG) -ThischartnotatesmiddleCasC4,oneoctavehigherasC5etc. #w -WhileearlycompositionsmightdesignateeachplayerasBangdi,QudiorDadi, -8va=octavehigher,8vb=octavelower,15ma=2octaveshigher 1Gaoyin-Sheng composersareactuallyfreetochangeDiduringthepiece. -PleaseusethetrebleclefforZhonghupartscores [GYSh] ° -Composerscouldwriteonestaffperplayer,e.g.Di1,Di2andspecifywhentousewhichtypeofDi; -Pleaseusethe8vbtrebleclefforZhongyin-Sheng, (Sopranomouthorgan) & ifthekeyofDiislefttotheplayers'discretion,specifyatleastwhetherthepitchshould Zhongyin-GuanandZhongruanpartscores w soundasnotatedor8va. w -Composerscanrequestforamembranelesssound(withoutdimo). 1Zhongyin-Sheng -WhiletheDadiandQudicanplayanother3semitonesabovethestatedrange, [ZYSh] theycanonlybeplayedforcefullyandthetimbreispoor. -ForeachkeyofDi,thesemitoneabovethelowestpitch(e.g.Eb4ontheDadiinG)sounds (Altomouthorgan) & w verymuffledduetothehalf-holefingeringandisunsuitableforloudplaying. 低⼋度发⾳ ‹ -Allinstrumentsdonotusetransposednotationotherthantranspositionsattheoctave. -
Chinese Video Tape (3)
Chinese Video Tape (3) 3-1 "Gusuxing" – Dizi (transverse flute) with ensemble. Song is based on melodies from music found in Jiangsu province. Note the lyrical quality that depicts a teahouse and garden. Ensemble also features the erhu (bowed lute), sheng (mouth organ), yangqin (hammered zither), zheng (plucked zither with movable bridges), and pipa (plucked lute). 3-2 "Shimian maifu" - Pipa solo (Lute) – famous solo piece that depicts an ancient battle. Performance techniques include tremolo (plucking the strings quickly with alternating fingers), stopping the string with the fingernails, and striking the body of the instrument to depict the sounds of war. 3-3 "Erquan yingyue" - Erhu with yangqin (zither). Erhu was originally used only for accompanying the voice or in ensemble settings but since the 1900s become a solo instrument as well. 3-4 "Yuzhuo changwan" – Zheng (zither) solo – song depicting a fisherman singing in the evening. Note use of pitch bending by pressing the strings (called an) and vibrato (called rou). 3-5 "Chunjiang huayeuye" - ten part instrumental ensemble suite. Depicts the mood of a river flowing on a spring night. Other instruments include a dongxiao (end-blown flute), erhu, sheng, yangqin, zheng, and pipa. The lead instruments are the dongxiao and the pipa. 3-6 "Paixiongwu" – excerpt from theatre work, depicts men walking down the street beating their chests. Originally a folk dance, it eventually made its way into the theatre. Accompanied here by a paiban (clapper), erxian (fiddle), dongxiao (flute), sanxian (lute), pipa, xiangzhan (small gong), nangu (drum), and gujiao (small gong). Dancers use a sibao ( clappers ), ruan (large, plucked lute), yugu ( drum ), and erxian (fiddle). -
Chinese Zheng and Identity Politics in Taiwan A
CHINESE ZHENG AND IDENTITY POLITICS IN TAIWAN A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN MUSIC DECEMBER 2018 By Yi-Chieh Lai Dissertation Committee: Frederick Lau, Chairperson Byong Won Lee R. Anderson Sutton Chet-Yeng Loong Cathryn H. Clayton Acknowledgement The completion of this dissertation would not have been possible without the support of many individuals. First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Frederick Lau, for his professional guidelines and mentoring that helped build up my academic skills. I am also indebted to my committee, Dr. Byong Won Lee, Dr. Anderson Sutton, Dr. Chet- Yeng Loong, and Dr. Cathryn Clayton. Thank you for your patience and providing valuable advice. I am also grateful to Emeritus Professor Barbara Smith and Dr. Fred Blake for their intellectual comments and support of my doctoral studies. I would like to thank all of my interviewees from my fieldwork, in particular my zheng teachers—Prof. Wang Ruei-yu, Prof. Chang Li-chiung, Prof. Chen I-yu, Prof. Rao Ningxin, and Prof. Zhou Wang—and Prof. Sun Wenyan, Prof. Fan Wei-tsu, Prof. Li Meng, and Prof. Rao Shuhang. Thank you for your trust and sharing your insights with me. My doctoral study and fieldwork could not have been completed without financial support from several institutions. I would like to first thank the Studying Abroad Scholarship of the Ministry of Education, Taiwan and the East-West Center Graduate Degree Fellowship funded by Gary Lin. -
The Equality of Kowtow: Bodily Practices and Mentality of the Zushiye Belief
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Apollo Journal of Cambridge Studies 1 The Equality of Kowtow: Bodily Practices and Mentality of the Zushiye Belief Yongyi YUE Beijing Normal University, P.R. China Email: [email protected] Abstract: Although the Zushiye (Grand Masters) belief is in some degree similar with the Worship of Ancestors, it obviously has its own characteristics. Before the mid-twentieth century, the belief of King Zhuang of Zhou (696BC-682BC), the Zushiye of many talking and singing sectors, shows that except for the group cult, the Zushiye belief which is bodily practiced in the form of kowtow as a basic action also dispersed in the group everyday life system, including acknowledging a master (Baishi), art-learning (Xueyi), marriage, performance, identity censorship (Pandao) and master-apprentice relationship, etc. Furthermore, the Zushiye belief is not only an explicit rite but also an implicit one: a thinking symbol of the entire society, special groups and the individuals, and a method to express the self and the world in inter-group communication. The Zushiye belief is not only “the nature of mind” or “the mentality”, but also a metaphor of ideas and eagerness for equality, as well as relevant behaviors. Key Words: Belief, Bodily practices, Everyday life, Legends, Subjective experience Yongyi YUE, Associate Professor, Folklore and Cultural Anthropology Institute, College of Chinese Language and Literature, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PRC Volume -
Identification of Bile Salt Hydrolase Inhibitors, the Promising Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters to Enhance Animal Production
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-2013 Identification of bile salt hydrolase inhibitors, the promising alternative to antibiotic growth promoters to enhance animal production Katie Rose Smith [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Animal Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Katie Rose, "Identification of bile salt hydrolase inhibitors, the promising alternative to antibiotic growth promoters to enhance animal production. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2013. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2457 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Katie Rose Smith entitled "Identification of bile salt hydrolase inhibitors, the promising alternative to antibiotic growth promoters to enhance animal production." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Animal Science. Jun Lin, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: John C. Waller, Michael O. Smith, Niki Labbe Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Identification of bile salt hydrolase inhibitors, the promising alternative to antibiotic growth promoters to enhance animal production A Thesis Presented for the Master of Science Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Katie Rose Smith August 2013 DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to Dr. -
Teachers' Guide to Set Works and the World Focus
Cambridge Secondary 2 Teachers’ Guide to set works and the World Focus Cambridge IGCSE® (9–1) Music 0978 For centres in the UK For examination in June and November 2019. Version 1 Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge. UCLES retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered centres are permitted to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within a centre. ® IGCSE is the registered trademark Copyright © UCLES September 2017 Contents Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847) .......................................................................2 Italian Symphony No. 4 in A major Op. 90 (Movements 2 and 4) 2 1 Background 2 2 Instruments 3 3 Directions in the score 3 4 Techniques 4 5 Structure and form 5 6 Commentary 6 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791) ......................................................10 Clarinet Concerto in A major, K622 (Movement 1) 10 1 Background 10 2 Instruments 11 3 Directions in the score 12 4 Techniques 12 5 Structure and form 13 6 Commentary 14 World Focus for 2019: China ...........................................................................18 The ensemble music of China 18 1 Historical background 18 2 Types of silk-and-bamboo ensemble 19 3 Overall musical features of Chinese music 24 4 Notation and transmission 25 Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Music 0978 Teachers’ Guide to set works and The World Focus for 2019. Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847) Italian Symphony No. 4 in A major Op. 90 (Movements 2 and 4) There are a few small differences between editions of the score of this work (e.g. -
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 171 International Conference on Art Studies: Science, Experience, Education (ICASSEE 2017) Discussion on Western Region Music in Northern Zhou Dynasty Xing Tang School of Literature Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou, China Abstract—The Northern Zhou Dynasty (including Western Western and Eastern Han Dynasty, which include folk witch Wei Dynasty), as a dynasty that serve as a link between past and music dance, welcome God music, send God music, Xiangge future, should have its place in the cultural history. In the and other songs; Later music is the Western music after the Northern Zhou Dynasty, various cultures in Western Regions Han Dynasty and before Western Wei Dynasty, which include were closely interwoven. As one of the important representatives, game music, ritual music, custom music and so on; Current the music presented a wide range of sources with a large number music is the Western music in Northern Zhou Dynasty, due to of complicated compositions. These Western music has unique the large number of countries in the Western Regions and the style but also coexistence which has very close relationship with constant attacking and frequent destruction of the Western Northern Zhou’s music, so it has great influence to the music of Northern Zhou Dynasty and even the music of future Regions, so current music in fact refers to the remnants and integration of the music of different countries in different generations. historical periods in the Western Regions, which include Keywords—Northern Zhou Dynasty; Western Regions; music Shengming music, Tuozhi music and so on. -
De La Música Tradicional De China. Selección
Discografía de la música tradicional de China. Selección Biblioteca Fundación Juan March Esta selección discográfica ha sido preparada con motivo de la exposición El principio Asia. China, Japón e India y el arte contemporáneo en España (1957-2017) y del ciclo de cinco conciertos Oriente y la música occidental. Durante la preparación de esta discografía no han sido incluidos numerosos registros publicados en China de muy difícil localización en Occidente. Tampoco se mencionan grabaciones sonoras anteriores al vinilo. Las músicas que aparecen en estos discos son un breve apunte de la riqueza musical tradicional que aún se practica en este país. Muchos de estos soportes sonoros han sido y son, además, fuente de estudio para compositores e intérpretes occidentales. La influencia de estas músicas sobre las técnicas compositivas, el timbre vocal e instrumental o sobre la concepción del tiempo musical es esencial para comprender una gran parte de la historia musical del siglo XX. Selección discográfica de José Luis Maire Biblioteca Fundación Juan March Abril de 2018 Música y canto budista La liturgia budista y taoísta en China tiene una historia de casi 2000 años y todavía se practica ampliamente en la actualidad. Desde su llegada a China hasta las llamadas tres dinastías del Norte y del Sur (420-589 d. C.), el budismo sufrió un proceso de consolidación hasta su profunda adaptación. Como numerosos documentos históricos demuestran (textos, pinturas y esculturas), el budismo introdujo en China nuevos géneros y prácticas rituales de una manera progresiva. Uno de los géneros más representativos y específicos de la liturgia vocal china es el denominado canto fanbei, caracterizado por la construcción de melodías melismáticas surgidas como consecuencia de un proceso de transculturación con las formas nativas de China. -
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111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 US007507891B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,507,891 B2 Lau et al. (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 24,2009 (54) FIBER BRAGG GRATING TUNER 4,563,931 A * 111986 Siebeneiker et al. .......... 841724 4,688,460 A * 8/1987 McCoy........................ 841724 (75) Inventors: Kin Tak Lau, Kowloon (HK); Pou Man 4,715,671 A * 12/1987 Miesak ....................... 398/141 Lam, Kowloon (HK) 4,815,353 A * 3/1989 Christian ..................... 841724 5,012,086 A * 4/1991 Barnard ................... 250/222.1 (73) Assignee: The Hong Kong Polytechnic 5,214,232 A * 5/1993 Iijima et al. ................... 841724 5,381,492 A * 111995 Dooleyet al. ................. 385112 University, Kowloon (HK) 5,410,404 A * 4/1995 Kersey et al. ............... 356/478 5,684,592 A * 1111997 Mitchell et al. ............. 356/493 ( *) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,848,204 A * 12/1998 Wanser ........................ 385112 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 5,892,582 A * 4/1999 Bao et al. ................... 356/519 U.S.c. 154(b) by 7 days. 6,201,912 Bl * 3/2001 Kempen et al. ............... 385/37 6,274,801 Bl * 8/2001 Wardley.. ... ... ..... ... ... ... 841731 (21) Appl. No.: 11/723,555 6,411,748 Bl * 6/2002 Foltzer .......................... 38517 6,797,872 Bl 9/2004 Catalano et al. (22) Filed: Mar. 21, 2007 6,984,819 B2 * 112006 Ogawa .................. 250/227.21 7,002,672 B2 2/2006 Tsuda (65) Prior Publication Data 7,015,390 Bl * 3/2006 Rogers . ... ... ... ..... ... ... ... 841723 7,027,136 B2 4/2006 Tsai et al. -
Musical Taiwan Under Japanese Colonial Rule: a Historical and Ethnomusicological Interpretation
MUSICAL TAIWAN UNDER JAPANESE COLONIAL RULE: A HISTORICAL AND ETHNOMUSICOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION by Hui‐Hsuan Chao A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Music: Musicology) in The University of Michigan 2009 Doctoral Committee: Professor Joseph S. C. Lam, Chair Professor Judith O. Becker Professor Jennifer E. Robertson Associate Professor Amy K. Stillman © Hui‐Hsuan Chao 2009 All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Throughout my years as a graduate student at the University of Michigan, I have been grateful to have the support of professors, colleagues, friends, and family. My committee chair and mentor, Professor Joseph S. C. Lam, generously offered his time, advice, encouragement, insightful comments and constructive criticism to shepherd me through each phase of this project. I am indebted to my dissertation committee, Professors Judith Becker, Jennifer Robertson, and Amy Ku’uleialoha Stillman, who have provided me invaluable encouragement and continual inspiration through their scholarly integrity and intellectual curiosity. I must acknowledge special gratitude to Professor Emeritus Richard Crawford, whose vast knowledge in American music and unparallel scholarship in American music historiography opened my ears and inspired me to explore similar issues in my area of interest. The inquiry led to the beginning of this dissertation project. Special thanks go to friends at AABS and LBA, who have tirelessly provided precious opportunities that helped me to learn how to maintain balance and wellness in life. ii Many individuals and institutions came to my aid during the years of this project. I am fortunate to have the friendship and mentorship from Professor Nancy Guy of University of California, San Diego. -
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MATHEMATICS, RHYTHM, AND NATURAL LANGUAGE IN CHINESE AND EUROPEAN CULTURE by Daniela Galante Sommario La ricerca in didattica negli ultimi anni si è mostrata sensibile alle problematiche della multicultura e nella cultura cinese, l’applicazione della matematica nel linguaggio della musica è assai diversa rispetto all’Occidente. Infatti, in Occidente il linguaggio musicale si è evoluto nella direzione di una complessa forma architettonica, con complesse strutture ritmiche, timbriche e formali. Viceversa, la cultura cinese presenta da millenni caratteri di continuità e di unità specifici come quello del sistema di scrittura, non di carattere alfabetico, ma costituito da caratteri indipendenti, ciascuno con un proprio valore semantico e fonetico, con un significato concreto la cui forma ha necessariamente influenzato il pensiero, la cultura e la musica cinese. Dallo studio è emerso che in Cina la natura dell’arte musicale è correlata al suono, in quanto espressione di potenza trascendente. In Occidente i compositori da secoli imitano la natura, invece nella cultura cinese il musicista non deve imitare nulla poiché la musica è natura che si manifesta attraverso l’espressione umana del suono. La mancanza di documenti scritti rende difficile l’analisi del vasto patrimonio musicale cinese e ancor più impegnativo il confronto con quello occidentale. All’interno di questa concezione, proprio perché la lingua cinese è monosillabica, la dimensione ritmica è il principale elemento del linguaggio musicale abbinato alla matematica e si è tramandata per secoli con la caratteristica dell’immutabilità, cioè senza sviluppare una pratica e di conseguenza una notazione mensurale articolata e complessa. Abstract Research in Education in recent years has shown itself sensitive to issues of multiculturalism and in Chinese culture the application of mathematics in the language of music is very different from the West.