Seminar on Zou Language, Literature, Culture and Custom

THE FIRST INDO-MYANMAR (INTERNATIONAL) SEMINAR ON ZOU LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, CULTURE AND CUSTOM, SPONSORED BY: UZO, USA ORGANISED BY: ZLS, INDIA HOSTED BY: UZO, MOREH BLOCK, MANIPUR HELD ON 15TH & 16TH MAY, 2013

Recording Secretary’s Note Dated 15th -16th May,2013 ni in The First Indo-Myanmar (International) Seminar on Zou Language,Literature,Culture & Custom, Border Trade Centre Moreh mun ah nei ahia zinglam nai 8;30 am in programme pat ahi, Dr. Upa M. Lachinkhai,Chairman,Zou Literature Society in puitu hina a la hi.Seminar mang ding a hing tel unau India lam a pat mi 45 leh unau Myanmar (Burma) lam pat mi 26 ahing pei ua a gawm in mi 73 a kipha hi. Dr. Upa M. Lachinkhai in palai hing peikhawmte tung ah kipah thugenna leh vaidawn thugenna a nei hi.Tuazou in unaupa Rt.Rev.Ginkhanmung,Bishop,MELC in tunia Seminar vaiguon zousie Pasian kung ah apkhietna a nei hi. Tuaban ah Dr.Upa M Lachinkhai in eina muolliemsan (Phamsa) Rev.David K. Samte, Vice Chairman, ZLS tanchin tom- kim a gen in mipi in sunna in minute khat sip dingdeng in kisuun a,a innkuonpite ding in thumsahna Rev.Hangminthang in a nei hi. Tunia Seminar hun sung a Recording hing na bawlpieh ding in unaupa Upa T. Lamkhothawng, Secretary(Sr) ZPCS mipi’n kituohtah a guot ahi.

1 Puitu Dr. Upa Lachinkhai, in palai peikhawmte pulahna nei ding in a nuoi a tegel chielna a nei hi.Unaupa Aloysius T. Nehkhojang in India lam a kipat palai peikhawmte leh unaupa Rev. Thangkhankhai in Myanmar (Burma) lam pat palai peikhawmte a nuoi teng pulahna a nei uhi.

Sl.No Name of participant Designation Address (1) (2) (3) (4) 1 Dr. Upa M. Lachinkhai Chairman,ZLS Lailamveng, 2 Aloysius T. Nehkhojang Secretary,ZLS Thingkangphai, 3 Upa T. Lamkhothawng Secy.(Sr)ZPCS Zomi Colony, 4 Pu Chinlunthang Gen.Secy..UZO Zoveng, 5 Rev. V. Hangminthang Church Leader Hiengzou 6 Upa M. Suankhanmang Adviser,UZO Tangpizawl 7 Rev. Suonbawi Tungdim Church Leader Imphal 8 Upa L. Langminthang V/Prez.UZO,Moreh Moreh 9 Rev. Thang Khan Khai Mission Director Kalaymyo 10 Rev. Kai khan lien Church Pastor Kalaymyo 11 Rev. Mang hau thang Church Pastor Tamu Zo Baptist 12 Upa Cin lien mang KZO,Chairman Kawlpi 13 Rev. Go chin laang Honorary Pastor,KZPC Kalaymyo 14 Rev. Ai lien mang PCM(Zo Synod) Yangoon 15 Pa. Kham khen pau TZO,Adviser Tamu 16 Rev. Cin khen lien GIS,UZO,Myanmar Phaite 17 Upa Lang chin lien PCM Nangkateih 18 Fr. Sien kulh mung V/Pres.UZO,Myanmar Tonzang 19 Upa M. Khamzathong Rtd.Addl.SP(Vig) Zomi Colony 20 Rev.Ph.Nangkhanlal Pastor Zomi Colony 21 M. Paukhanthang Missionary 22 Rev.Gin za lien Pastor Nangkateih 23 M.Sabastian Paupu PPC. Jt. Secretary. Churachandpur RCC

2 24 Dominic K.Munluo Secy. PPC, RCC Churachandpur 25 T.Luncha Secy. UZO. Moreh Moreh W/no.3 Block 26 T. Tuolzachin Member, ZLS D.Phailien 27 Pastor Dr. Thawngkhotuong Church Pastor, ZBA Lungtah 28 Xavier Nengkhanlam V/Chairman, PPC, RCC New Lamka 29 P. Jamkhosoi Zou Member, ZLS Zomi Colony 30 Upa Thangchinpau Statistician, ZPCS Tuining 31 M.Chinsuonlam Secy. Infn. UZO. Hqtr. Langol,Imphal 32 Francis Kapmeng Executive Member,UZO Imphal 33 T.C.Tungnung, Chairman, Text Book Zenhang Bazar Coomittee, ZLS 34 Fr.Mark.Thangkhan-ai V/Chairman, ZLS Imphal 35 Rt.Rev.Ginkhanmung Ex-Officio, member ZLS Zomi Colony 36 Fr.Andrew Golien Parish Priest, St. Tamu Peter’s Church, Tamu 37 Shesei Zou Chairman, ADC, Moreh Chandel 38 Rev.Go za suum Sr. Pastor, BPC & Kalaymyo, Adviser, UZO 39 Paul Thangngaihmung Catechist, RCC Kuonglienkhuo 40 Shye Paul Khupthang Catechist, RCC Khampat no.3 41 Shie Jacob Mangdolien Catechist, RCC Tuikhal 42 Pastor Kamdeihlunpau Asst. Pastor Khuaivum 43 Khupkhenthong Asst.Secy.TZO,Tamu Tamu 44 Kamlienmung Member,TZO Tamu 45 Mangkhokhai V/Chairman,TZO Tamu 46 Khammuanlian Student ZYO Zomi Colony 47 M. Chinlianmuan Gen Secy ZYO M/Block Moreh 48 Paukhanlam ZYO Information Moreh 59 M. Siemzathang Vice President, UZO Moreh Moreh Block 50 L. Pauminlal Member/ZYO Zoubethel

3 51 Paul Paumuansing ZSP. Gen. Hqtrs. Moreh 52 Joshep Piankhatsuan ZSP. Gen. Hqtrs. Moreh 53 Manggentung Zou ZSP. Gen. Hqtrs. Moreh 54 Nengchinlam President, ZSP. Gen. Zomi Colony Hqtrs. 55 Suanlyan Tungnung Student TISS Zomi Colony 56 H. Jonhson Lhungdim President ZSP Moreh Moreh Block 57 Paoneithang V/P ZYO Moreh Block Moreh 58 Khupboi ZYO Member, Moreh Moreh Block 59 Chinjakap Member, UZO, Moreh TM Zomunmuam 60 Langkhokam Member, UZO, Moreh Moreh 61 Chinliankhup Zou Member, UZO, Moreh Moreh 62 Pa Ginlamthang Pawlpi makai Nangkateih 63 Bronas Mangpithang Catechist Nangkateih 64 Suangliankap Student Moreh W/No 1 65 P. Lalmalsawm Zou Gen/Secretary ZSP Lamka, Cc pur H/Q 66 Rev Gokhansuon Pastor Zo Synod, Pin lang 7 Kawlpi Myanmar 67 Upa Zangkhangin MELC Moreh 68 Ginmuanlal Secy Zou Art & cu- Imphal turePreservasion 69 Jamlal Zou UZO Member Moreh Moreh Block 70 M. Lawrence Suanmeng President ZACPS Imphal 71 Tv. Paupu Zou ZYO Member, Moreh Moreh Block 72 Tv. David Lun Student Moreh

India leh Myammar a kipat hing peikhawm palai te mi a bawn in 73 pha hi.

4 Tuaban ah Chairman Upa Dr. M. Lachinkhai in tuni Pro- gramme Seminar hostute Moreh UZO te kung ah kipah thugenna a nei hi. Adieh in tutung Seminar unaupa Pu Sesei Zou Chairman ADC/Chandel in neitu hina la in Sum leh pai senna toh kisai a tamzaw aman ang tuoh piehna tung ah ZLS thakhel in kipahthu tut ahi. Tuaban ah Dr. N.D. Samte in neh leh tah bawlna guonggalna lam ah sil bangkim feltah a ang saipiehna tung ah zong kipah thu a tut hi.

Inauguration & Welcome Address Pu. M. Sesei Zou, Chair- man, ADC/Chandel a kipat Welcome - Address ngaikhietna nei ahi. Aman a thugenna ah Seminar mang a hing kuonte tung ah kipah thu a gen a, “Bangchih chienga Kawlgam-Vaigam a umte kipawlkhawm a tam bang kipawlkhawmna um thei ding a de aw! chia ka na thum lai un tunia tami mun a unau Kawlgam Vaigam a um ei Zou tate in Seminar on Literature i neitheitah zieh un ka lungdam mama hi. Tualeh nam ngainatna zieh a kisuhtuoh ihi uh chi ka thei a ka lungdam hi” achi hi.

“Zounam a pieng i hi ua laigeldan kibah a ngai hi. Tawndan kibah a ngai a, chiindan kibah a ngai hi. Khenkhat Zou a pien khah kisih maithei, Gangtete Mizo a lut ding lai un mi khat in, nam min heng thouthou ding i hileh American in heng vai’ a chia hinanleh henthei hilou hi. Tuajieh in kisiasih va ui, i Zou nam tawisang va ui shipi va ui”.

“Zoute i teendan ua gam tuomtuom ah i teeng ua nanleh kipemat in i um thei ua i vangpha uhi. Manipur a teengte in eima Zousung kivaihawmna UZO, ZSP, ZYO,ZLS, a kikhaikhawmna kituptah i neithei ua i vangpha uhi. Hinanleh unau Burma gam a umten neithei nailou ahi uhi. Amaute zong kivaihawmna Zoulai Zoutawndan leh Zou Ngaina kitup a neitheina ding un UZO, ZSP, ZYO, ZLS,ma in na kipo thei uleh, Zou chitchiet kibang va ui”.

5 “Tuaban ah ‘Global Vision’ i nei ding uh, Zouteng min khat a kikhaikhawm ding tupna leh ngimna toh USA a unauten Sponsored bawl a Seminar inei uh ahi hi. A bihtah in unau Kawl gam pan ah i history um a, tuate zong nei kithuopi unla kaikhawm in siemtup va ui”. Key note Address:- Rev. Fr. Mark Thangkhan-ai Co-ordinator of the Seminar in keynote address a nei a, “Tunia Seminar in a tup ahileh Zou kam zangtengteng Literature, Culture & Custom kibang veh ding a Sponsored ei bawlpieh USAte tung ah i lungdam uhi. Amau zong tunia Seminar mangte kung ah mulou tongkum tungtawn in i lah uah thu a gen ut a ngaikhe va ui”: Thangboi thugen:- Kawlgam - Vaigam a um Zoute ki- vaipuohna khat in um va ui. UZO International Conference khat tukum 2013 sung in nei va ui, tuana ding in tu Seminar sung in Committee na kiform un, tualeh Seminar uh hoi tah in Document hing bawl unlen, Video leh photo copy toh complete in hing tung- sah unlen USA a um ei UZO khawmpi chieng a mipi in ka muthei ding un eithot teitei un aw, dam va ui, na unpi un mangpha leh um nuom”. IST DAY SEMINAR PAPER PRESENTATIONS: Tuazou in a nuoi a Laikhangteng (Resource Persons) teng in Seminar Paper lahna a nei uhi. 1. Pu Chinlunthang, Advocate, General Secretary United Zou Organization, India in ‘ABrief History of the Zou Tribe’’chi thupi a nei in a (Paper) a laigelteng mipi mai ah simkhietna leh hilchetna a nei hi. Tuanah Pu Chinlunthang in ei Zou suonte leitung toh pieng khawm i hi uh chi a dihnateng a tahlang a, a chien zaw thei utten a laigel (paper) ah chiengtah in a muthei hi. Ama’n ama hun sung in Dr. Philip Thanglienmang leh Dr. David Vumlallian te laigelte gel sim khietna leh hilchietna anei hi.

6 2. Pu Aloysius T. Nehkhojang, Secretary, Zou Literature Society India in’’ Development of Zou Language and Literature in In- dia (Past & Present) chi thupi a nei in a Laigel (paper) Sim khietna leh hilchetna a nei a, nidang a na kigiel sate leh tulai a kigiel/kisunte a banban a hilchetna a nei hi. Tuaziehin Zou MIL geldan a gel chiet ding. Tualeh (uniformity of writing) a um theina ding in Laibu sut dingte ZLS in a etkaipi dia pieh ng leh Guide Line nei ding thute a gen hi. A chiengzaw thei utte in a (paper) a laigel ah chiengtah a muthei ahi. Aman maban a pan lahkhawm ding dan phabeppi zong agen hi.

3. Dr. M. Lachinkhai, Chairman, Zou Literature Society, India in “Zou Laiteng zahdan’’ chi thupi a nei a laigel (Paper) simkhietna leh hilchetna a nei a, “Nidanglai in a gamkaite a gamkaite eisang a siemzawte, pilzaw in (quick and easy learning) deina a ang na zilsahte uh pen tuchieng in kimangthei nawnlou ahi- man in tu leh tu a leitung buppi huop a ZLS in MIL a zah dia na kibawlpen Zou laiteng zahdan a izui chiet ding uh ahi hi. A chiengzaw thei utte in a (paper) a laigel a chieng tah a muthei ahi.

4. Rev. Fr. Andrew Cin Go Lian, Parish Priest, Roman Catholic Church, Tamu in Zolai Geldan’ chi thupi a nei in a laigel (Pa- per) simkhietna leh hilchetna a nei a, i ham kibangloute, aw suodan kibangloute mipi mai ah tahlatna a nei hi. A chiengzaw thei utten a (Paper) a laigel ah chiengtah a muthei ahi.

5. Rev Fr. Mark Thangkhan-ai, Vice Chairman, Zou Literature Society, India in Zou/Zo language and Identity’’ chi thupi a nei a laigel (Paper) simkhietna leh hilchetna a nei hi. tuanah aman a thu genna ah “I ham in koi nam koi zat i hi uoi, chi ei

7 chiensah a i ham in i nam a podoh a, i identity a hia a, ham kibahna in jalenpina (sovereignty) a nei hi. I senlai a kipat in i huohbu in i hinsung a pieng zousie a khum kim a, khuo leh tui, Inn leh lou, nu leh pa, unau sanggam i mudan i ngaidante ham in ipusuohsah uhi. A chienzaw thei utte in a laigel (Paper) ah chientah a mu thei ahi.

6. Upa M. Suankhanmang, Adviser, UZO Chief of Tangpijol in’’ Zou tawndan (Zou Custom)’ chi thupi a nei in a laigel (Paper) simkhietna leh hilchetna a nei hi. Tuanah aman a thugenna ah “Zou tawndan a tawn leh Zoulai pomte khu Zou ahi” achia, “Zou tawndan in sakhuo bieh khu a thupi in a kingaina hi” a chia, tualeh Zou tawndan a poimaw tampite a gen hi. Achieng- zaw thei utte in a laigel (Paper) ah chientah in amu thei uhi.

SECOND DAY SEMINAR PAPER PRESENTATIONS:- 16/5/2013 Second Day Seminar, UZO Office, Moreh Block ah nei ahi, tuanah patna thumna Pro-pastor Paukhanthang (Josh- ua) in hun tengteng apkhietna Pasian kung a a nei hi.

7. Rev. Go Cin Lang, Myanmar in “Zo Ngaina leh Tatzie’’ chi thupi a nei in a laigel (paper) simkhietna leh hilchetna a nei hi. Tuana a thugenna ah Zo ngaina a, Biehna, Innsung Bieh- na, Gamdai Biehna, Bum leh Ai dawi Veite, khuongai dawi veite, mitsie dawi veite gamdawi veite etc ban ah kiteenna, naumin phuohna, gamluona, taang ai, Pawi namte, Khuodo pawi, gielphuol zu neh, ngaina laamte, Zo ngaina tangmite, Puonsil kizepna leh a dangdang Zo ngaina leh tatsietna tampi Zo tawndan a na kibawlte a gen hi”. A chienzaw thei utte in a laigel (paper) ah chientah in muthei uhi.

8 8. Rev. Ai Lien Mang, Myanmar in “Zo Ngainate’’ chi thupi a nei in a laigel (paper) simkhietna leh hilchetna a nei hi. Tu- aleh aman Zo Ngainate, Unau sanggam tahpi Ham kibanglou thute, Pusa biehna thute, Sumtawng biehna thute, Sungsa-besa thute, Tuibuohdam(hingsa) thute Lapite, Lakhem, thute, Han- la thute, Mishite kam na kivaihah thu, Ton thute, Laampisuh thute, Tualtung thute, I Zungpa thute, Sielkhup thute, Kimul- vuna thute, Isiemphui tenglawte, Phuisamna Phuitengte, a banban in a gen hi.

Tuaban ah 1954 kum a Tungnungte Pu Ngulchinthang inn a hing zintung unau nite tangthute, Pu T. Gougin MLA kitapna la kiphuohte, leh T. Lamkhothawng in 12th oct 1982 nia a laphuoh, 1984 kum a ZSP Magazine a kigielte abanban in tahlang hi.

VALEDICTORY FUNCTION Upa Langminthang, Vice President UZO Moreh Block in seminar mang a peite/pangte tung ah Moreh Block UZO min in kipah thu a gen a, zintun, giehna neh leh dawn thu a unaupa Shesei Zou, Chair- man ADC/Chandel in UZO Moreh Block min a senna zousie a puohkhiet thu kipahthu genna zong a nei hi.

Dr. M. Lachinkhai, Chairman ZLS in tunia “The First Indo- Myammar (International) Seminar on Zou language, Literature, Culture and Custom in Thupuon a neite puonkhietna mipi mai a nei a, tuazou in kilungkimna suoi kaina zong nei ahi.

Pu T.C Tungnung Chairman, Zou Text Book Committee in tutung Seminar toh kisai in (Vote of thanks) kipah thu genna a nei hi.

Pa Thanghausuan in Sanchilna lienu’’ chi la siemtah in a sa hi.

9 SEMINAR KHAHNA: Unaupa, Upa T. Lamkhothawng, Secretary (Sr), Zou Presbyterian Church Synod (PCI) in a thugenna ah Zou kam zang teng laigeldan kibah ding deina in 1982 in “Zou kam geldan” chi laibu ana bawl a, tualeh 1982-1989 sung in “Zoukam Service” chi in Sunday 1:00pm chin in Zomi Villa, Imphal ah ei Zou ham zangteng kipawlkhawmna ana neipi hi. Tualeh aman a gen zelna ah kum 1983 leh 1984 in “Sangnaupang Hoi” chi laibu leh “Khanglui Lai Tangthu” chi laibute eima Zou kam dihtah in ana bawl thute ngaikhiet ahi.

Tua zou in Pasian kung ah nuom thu tutna nei in “The First Indo-Myanmar (International) Seminar on Zou Language, Litera- ture, Culture and Custom” hun khahna nei ahita hi.

Sd/- (Upa T. Lamkhothawng) Recording Secretary

Sd/- Sd/- (Dr. Upa M. Lachinkhai) (Aloysius T. Nehkhojang) Chairman Secretary Zou Literature Society Zou Literature Society ......

10 THE FIRST INDO-MYANMAR (INTERNATIONAL) SEMINAR ON ZO/ZOU LITERATURE, CUSTOM & CULTURE AT BORDER TRADE CENTRE HALL, MOREH, MANIPUR, INDIA ON 15TH & 16TH MAY 2013 Sponsored By : UZO, USA Organised By : ZLS, India Hosted By : UZO, Moreh Block

Thupuon 16th May, 2013

1. Kawlgam-Vaigam a Zo/Zou chi a laitengzahdan (spelling) kizangte pen a kibang a tuot leh pom ahi. 2. Leitung pumpi a um Zouham/Zokam leh Zou lai geldan a kibah theina ding a Common Literature nei ding, tuanah Bible, Labu, Hilchetna bu, Thusuo tuomtuomte, Tangkou ichite gam khat leh gam khat kithottuo ding ahi. 3. Leitung pumpi a um Zou tate in, Pupa tawndan, pupa chindan, laigeldan (Culture & Custom) ineite uh zui ding, kepbit ding, nopni-dani, mouhah-moulop ni, lieu leh pan um ni chia zui dih ding ahi.

11 4. Tami Seminar Paper zousie Laibu a bawlkhiet ding, tuapen Zou Literature in gou thupi pen a nei dia koitup ding; Tualeh tami laibu Publish hing bawlpieh ding in unaupa Xavier P. Nengkhanlam leh Upa T. Lamkhothawng-te chiel ahi uhi. 5. Zou tate umna pou ah kivaihawmna min ding in UZO a kikhaikhawm ding ahi. 6. Common (Inter-confessional) Holy Bible in Zouham/Zoukam leitung pumpi a zah dia bawlkhiet ding ahi. Signatories or Representatives. FROM INDIA FROM MYANMAR (BURMA) Sd/- Sd/- 1. Upa Dr.M.Lachinkhai 1. Rev.Go Chin Laang Chairman, Zou Literature Society, Honorary Pastor,KBC, Manipur Kalaymyo Sd/- Sd/- 2. Rev.Fr.Mark.Thangkhan-ai 2. Rev.Ai Lien Mang Vice Chairman,ZLS,Manipur Zo Synod (PCM) Yangoon Sd/- Sd/- 3. Aloysius T.Nehkhojang; 3. Rev.Thang khan khai Secretary,ZLS,Manipur ZBA Mission Director. Recorded by: Sd/- Upa T.Lamkhothawng Secretary(Sr) Zou Presbyterian Church Synod,(PCI) ...... 12 ZOU LITERATURE SOCIETY (Zou Lailam Saipawl) Head Office: Regd. No. 504 of 1993 Zogal Memorial Hall Complex, Zoveng Churachandpur, Manipur

INDO-MYANMAR 2-DAY SEMINAR ON ZOU LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, CULTURE & CUSTOM Sponsored by UZO, USA Organised by ZLS, India Hosted by UZO, Moreh Block

Special Invitation To, ......

You are cordially invited to participate at the historic and international “INDO-MYANMAR SEMINAR ON ZOU LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, CULTURE AND CUSTOM” to be held at MOREH on the 15th & 16th May, 2013 at Border Trade Centre Hall. Your valuable presence and active participation is highly solicited.

RSVP 1) 8014994468 (Secretary) 2) 9436024262 (Chairman)

(ALOYSIUS T. NEHKHOJANG) (DR. M. LACHINKHAI) Secretary/ZLS Chairman/ZLS Dated: Lamka The 7th May 2013 INDO-MYANMAR 2-DAY SEMINAR ON

13 ZOU LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, CULTURE & CUSTOM Sponsored by UZO, USA Organised by ZLS, India Hosted by UZO, Moreh Block

14/05/2013 Arrival of Participants at Moreh

15/05/2013 (WEDNESDAY)

MORNING SESSION Chairmen : 1) Dr. M. Lachinkhai, Chairman, ZLS 2) Rev. Fr. Andrew Cin Go Lian, Parish Priest, Tamu Opening Prayer : Rt. Rev. Ginkhanmung Zou, - Bishop, MELC Inauguration & Welcome : Chief Host, Pu M. Lhukhosei Zou - Chairman, ADC, Chandel Keynote Address : Rev. Fr. Mark Thangkhan-ai, - Co-ordinator, Radio Veritas (Zomi-Chin Service) & of the Seminar Paper presentations & Discussion : 1) Revolt of 1917-19 ZOGAL, The Unsung War - Pu Chinlunthang, Advocate General Secretary, United Zou Organisation, India : 2) Development of Zou Language and Literature in India (Past & Present) - Pu Aloysius T. Nehkhojang, Secretary, ZLS

BREAK - LIGHT REFRESHMENT: 12:00NOON AFTERNOON SESSION: 01:00PM 14 Chairmen : 1) Rev. Go Cin Lang 2) Pu Aloysius T. Nehkhojang, Secretary, ZLS Paper presentations & Discussion: 1) Zou laiteng zahdan (Spelling) - Dr. M. Lachinkhai, Chairman, ZLS : 2) Zolai gel dan - Rev. Fr. Andrew Cin Go Lian, Parish Priest, RC Church, Tamu : 3) Zou/Zo Language and Identity - Rev. Fr. Mark Thangkhan-ai, Vice Chairman/ZLS & Co-ordinator of the Seminar

16-05-2013 (THURSDAY)

MORNING SESSION 10:00AM Chairmen : 1) Rev. Fr. Mark Thangkhan-ai, VC, ZLS 2) Pu Thangkhankhai (Myanmar) Opening Prayer : Upa Suankang, MELC

Paper presentations & Discussion: Zou Culture & Custom (Tawndan) 1) Upa M. Suankhanmang, Adviser UZO, Chief of Tangpijol 2) Rev. Go Cin Laang (Myanmar) 3) Rev. Ai Lien Mang (Myanmar) General Seession 12:00noon - 01:00pm: Discussion and Deliberations VALEDICTORY FUNCTION

15 Chairmen : 1) Rt. Rev. Dr. Ginkhanmung Zou, Bishop MELC 2) Pu Lawrence Thanghausuan, President, Zou Arts & Culture Preservation Society Vote of thanks : Pu T. C. Tungnung, - Chairman, Zou (MIL) Text Book Committee/ZLC Closing Prayer : Upa T. Lamkhothawng Secretary (Sr), Z. P. C. S. Thei ding poimawte: 1. Lamka lam a kuon dingte Gari jingmawng dah 10:30 a tunsah chiet ding. Tualeh Zogal Hall apat a 11:00 a kipatkhiet khawm ding. 2. Seminar a pang ding a pei zousie UZO Moreh Block Office a tun masah chiet ding. 3. Zintun-paikhai pen UZO Moreh Block-te muongtah a ngansie ahi uhi. 4. Koipou Seminar Paper pe nuom a um nahlaileh Seminar Co- ordinatorpa, Fr. Mark Thangkhan-ai theisah ding ahi. 5. Hunkemtute in a lemtan leh poimaw asah dungzui a lasa siemte (Artistes) a han thei zel ding uhi. 6. Participant/Delegate zousie in i hunte uh zang siem ding leh ahun kiguot dungzui a pang ding in hanchiem chiet va ui. 7. Tami Seminar vaiguon pen ahun zil a conductor-ten ahen lamdang thei ahiding hi. FAREWELL ~ SEE YOU AGAIN Programme Making Committee Indo-Myanmar 2 Day Seminar

16 REVOLT OF 1917-1919 ZOGAL, THE UNSUNG WAR PRESENTED BY : Chinlunthang, Advocate, General Secretary, UZO GHQ

he Zou tribe, an indigenous population inhabiting the TSouthern Churachandpur and Chandel Districts of Manipur- fought the British defiantly which lasted for three years from 1917- 1919. This historical war known as Zogal in local parlance is official- ly reported as the Kuki Uprising or the Kuki Rebellion of 1917-1919 in Colonial records. Dr. H. Kamkhenthang, in his publication, “The Paite, a transborder tribe” quoted this war in the following words, “The so called Kuki Rebellion of 1917-19 was known to the Paite as Zougaal,” a war waged by the Zou tribe. Though the participation of the Zou tribe in this resistance was less known due to want of official documents nevertheless, the Zou tribals consider this war to be an inseparable part of their history which epitomized the sacrifice of their forefathers. A commemorative Zou folk songs composed in connection with Zogal in Zou dialect runs as follows with its translation : Tuizum Mangkang kiil bang hing khang, (The seafaring white imperialist coils like the kiil (creeper) plant) Zota kual zil bang liing e, (Tremors of earthquake do shiver the Zou world) Pianna ka gam lei hie! Phal singe! (‘Tis the land of my birth; I shall not part with it) Ka nam tem hiam a, i Zogam lei laal kanaw sansii’n zel e! (Stained with blood is my sword, that has routed the adversaries of Zoland) Ngalliam Vontawi ka laulou lai e... (I shall fight with the wild boar injured)

17 In another publication, ‘History of the Frontier Areas Bor- dering Assam from 1883-1941,’ Sir Robert Reid, former Governor of Assam described this mutiny as the most serious in the history of Manipur mostly confined to the Thadous and the Manlun - Mantu- ang Clans” (1942:79). As a matter of fact, the once independent hills of Manipur was indirectly controlled by the British through the Maharaja of Manipur with the outbreak of the First World War, 1914-1918, Britain needed more human resources to help her fighting troops. So, a scheme was devised by the Imperial Gov- ernment to recruit soldiers and non-combatants from all her colo- nies. In Spring 1917, the government of British India asked the Maharaja of Manipur, Churachand Singh to supply labourers for the was is Mesopotamia. Labour Corps were soon raised from the different hill tribes of Manipur and sent to Mesopotamia. In the same year a successive attempt to recruit was called again from the hill tribes of Manipur much to the resentment of the Thadou and the Zou tribals. But recruitment was never executed from the val- ley Meiteis. To show their discontentment the Thadou and the Zou tribes sternly refused to supply what was demanded. They were de- termined to protect their lives and homes in their ancestral land. To leave their land and cross the ocean means death for them. The Thadou and Zou tribals in Manipur and the Haka Chins in Bruma dissented from collecting Labour Corps in the later part of 1917 which led to open rebellion against the British government and the Maharaja of Manipur. According to Late Kapchinlam, in his unpublished history of Zogal written in Zou dialect, the Zou chiefs under the leader- ship of Pu Langzachin, Chief of Behiang village and Pu Goulun, Chief of Hiangtam village held a meeting at Behiang village and resolved to resist the forced recruitment of Labour Corps by the

18 British Government. The customary practices of allegiance in times of war i.e. the Sasin-Salung ceremony was performed and War was declared henceforth. Villages were stockaded and fortified, trenches dug by the men and Gun powder prepared from crude potash and charcoals by the women and children. “Suangkhai thang” a kind of trap using stone boulders to crush the enemy were hidden at every strategic locations of the villages, leather cannons, locally known as Pumpi made of Buffalo’s hide and skin were projected from the fortified walls of the villages ready to be fired. A war cry was sent to all Zou villages and war messages was delivered to the British government through Pu Thenkhokai, Lambu, Chief of Singkeu Village. The war messages conveyed were in the form of objects and articles of the following : a) ‘Meihol’ (charcoal); expressing their determination to fight till death or perish. b) ‘Malta’ (Chilli); expressing their anger, resentment and courage, c) ‘Naang duoi leh aneem’ (strong and a flexible bamboo strings) expressing their deterrent temperament of leniency and stub- bornness, d) ‘Singkhuo’ (Firewood stick); expressing their will to beat them up with firewood stick. Guerrilla warfare begins by the end of 1917, ambushes and counter ambushes were launched at different vital locations. But most of the battles were fought at the villages and its vicinities. From oral tradition handed through the elders of the Zou community, the battle at Zezaw was one of the greatest battles to be reckoned with. It was said that Zezaw river was flooded with blood. Mentioned may also be made of the sacrifice of the Zou warriors in the battle at Hi- angtam which lasted for seven days and the Gotengkot battle where they fought till their arms and ammunition were totally exhausted.

19 Apart from the aforementioned two villages the other main resistance villages were Tonjang (Chivu), Behiang, Singngat, Saipheh, Ngaljang, Khuaivum, Haika et al. During the course of the war all of these villages were razed to the ground, properties burnt down to ashes, men and children were killed and displaced, seriously affect- ing the socio-economic future of the tribe. To name a few, Captain Steadman, Lt. Carter, Captain Goodal, Subedar Bhavani, Havil- dar Yashpal Limbu of the British sepoys were responsible for these atrocities. By the end of 1918 the Zou tribals began to acknowledge the superior weapons of the British army. The capture of the Thadou chiefs and the surrender of the Kuki commander Tintong com- pelled the Zou Chief Langzachin to concede to the terms of the British government, says Pu Kapchinlam Phiamphu, in his unpublished History of Zogal (1917-1919). He further states that the surrender was affected by two emissaries namely, Lumthang, Chief of Thanlon (Tualbual) and Semthong, Chief of Suongpi village. They were used by the British Government. Some of the prominent leaders of Zougal were- Pu Goulun, Pu Langzachin, Pu Lagou, Pu Tonghau, Pu Henkham, Pu Vungdam, Pu Suohgou, Pu Helthang, Pu Lampum, Pu Suohkham and Pu Salet. The war came to an end with the arrest and surrender of the leaders in the early part of 1919. Since then, the administration in the Hills of Manipur came under the direct control of the British government. The rights of Chiefs were abrogated, curtailed and hill house tax had to be paid. To suppress the Thadou and the Zou rebellion in British - Manipur it cost the government of British India nearly twenty lakhs of rupees, and in this military operations both the British forces and the Hill tribes lost a number of lives. From oral sources handed down, corroborated by memorial stone and writings of local authors, substantiated by the appre-

20 hensive letter and telegrams of the British administrator revealed that the Zou warriors meted punishment to the recalcitrant Zou Chiefs of Sehken, Mulam and the Chief of Sialbu village for not co- operating in the war but instead, aided the British sepoys. They also threatened to raid the villages of Chingbung and Loanbung in the Vaikhotang Mizo Lushai hills in 1918. However, detail study and re- search on this subject in future will enlighten more about this revolt of 1917-1919, Zogal, the unsung war. Memory & Memorial of Zogal (1917-19): 1. Zogal Junior High School was established in 1972 under the Grant-in-aid fund of the Government of Manipur 2. Zogal Memorial Football Shield Tournament was introduced in 1976 under the patronage of the United Zou Organisation, the apex body of the Zou tribe. 3. Zogal Memorial Hall was built in 1978 with financial assis- tance from the Government of Manipur. It was inaugurated by the Chief Minister of Manipur Md. Alimuddin Khan. The Zogal Hall Complex was inaugurated by Shri K. Ranjit Singh, Hon’ble Minister (PWD) on the 16th April, 2011 and dedicated by Rev. Stephen Chinzathang, Sr. Executive Secretary, ZPCS. 4. Proposed site for Zogal Memorial Cemetry Complex at Behi- ang village was donated by the Chief of Behiang, Jubilee Moi in 2009. Plans are underway for its implementation and construc- tion. Sources & Bibliography: 1. A commemorative speech on Zougal (Kuki Rising) 1917-19 by Dr. David Vumlallian Zou, Delhi University on the 1st Zogal Day (17 March, 2011) at MP’s Club, South Avenue, New Delhi. 2. Chin + Kuki + Zo Genesis & Exodus by Joseph Suantak. 3. Unpublished History of Zogal (1917-1919) in Zou dialect by Late Kapchinlam Phiamphu.

21 4. Zokuom Thawn, Memento of Fifteen Years of Zou Sangnau- pang Pawlpi, Delhi Branch (1992-2007). 5. Dr. H. Kamkhenthang, Paite, A Transborder Tribe, Mittal Pub- lication. 6. History of Assam Rifles, Col. Shakespear. 7. Letter to the Superintendent, Lushai Hills No. 233g. 8. Telegram No. 2334 by the Political Agent, Manipur by H. Fack- land (Superintendent, Lushai Hills; 18-9-1918) 9. Oral Interview of Zou elders......

22 INDIA A ZOU LAI KHANTOUDAN - Development of Zou language in India (Zou Language & Literature, Past, Present & Future) Presented By: Aloysius T. Nehkhojang, Secretary, Zou Literature Society at the INDO-MYANMAR 2 DAY SEMINAR on Zou language, Literature, Culture & Custom on the 15th May, 2013 at Moreh THUMAPUI: Director of Census Operations, Manipur, chiemtena (re- cord) ah 2001 census dungzui in Zou Nam pen serial No- 29na ahia, a miphazat (population) pen 19,112 apha giap hi. Ahin i tawm vang un guol phahla sengna a umsih a, guoltungtuonna zong i nei veve uhi. Manipur state ah tutu in nam (tribe) 38 tah kumpi theipi (recognised) a um a, hinanleh a ham-le-pau uh 10 behbeh theipi ahi giap uhi. Tam ham 10 lah ah ei Zou ham zong a telpha hi. Lailam (literature) lam ah zong khantouna muthei in a umta hi. Tambang dinmun i tun theina upen Pasian vang ahijiehin Ama min i phat uhi. Tualeh, lamkai masate leh tulaitah a lamkaite tungah lungdam thu i tut uhi. Tatah a, “Zoulai” i chi pen uh ahileh i sung ua Pasian thu/ Tangthupha (Gospel) hing tut masate (Missionary-te) in Roman laiteng manga Mizoram a ang na bawlpieh uh Laibul (Alphabet) A Aw B Ch ... Z ahi hi: Tam pen “Whitemen’s Orthography” ahisihleh “Hunterian System of writing” kichi hi. Tami dan a lai akigelleh ‘0’ pen ‘ou’ in akigingsah hi. Tam pen ei Zou ham ah akizuisih a English Alphabet ABC D lawdanin ‘0’ khu ‘AW’ gindanin i gingsah zaw uhi. Tuajieh a eite in amasapen leh anina lakhawmin lai teng 28 velin thu leh la inagiel uhi (gentena in, i simpatbu masate, labu masate leh i Laisiengthou masate uah). “Tulai Zou Ham” pen thuteng i law dandan a i gelh uh ahi. Zou pen Tonal Language ahia, alam dingdan kitup khat i nei a ngai hi.

23 “Tulai Zou ham” kichi tungtaang neukhat genbe nalai vai. Tutu a kizang Zoulai peipidan leh kibulphuna taangpi pen Zou sung a ham chi 7/8 i neite lah/Haidawi ham ahideu peen a, tuachi’n i ham peipi khu i Laisiengthou masate gel (1983 leh 1992) toh akituoh peen hi. Tu-a i laigelhdan pen Paite/Tedim Chin, Thadou- Kuki/Hmar/Gangte a kilasawn ahi tuonsih a, i ham gindan lamdan a kigiel ahizaw hi. Tam jieh a Pu T. Lamkhothawng in anagelh “Zou ham Zahdan” ana chi pen akizui theisih hi. Gentena themkhat peta- lei “chiangin” chi khu “chiengin”, “ziah/ jiah” chi khu “zieh/jieh”, “pua” pen “puo” (carry), “sia” kichi khu ahoilou i chi nop chiengin “sie” i chi hi. Ajiehpen “sia” i chi chieng “siatum” (iron) china alii. Tambang a i bawl pen “Zou Language Distinctiveness” ahi chi a zong lah thei ahi. Tu-a Zou ham (Modem Indian Language) kichi pen Taan/Class XII a kizang ahita hi. “

PAST: 1. I Lai leh i Laibu kisun masate: Tu’n i ham alai leh laibu kisun masate themkhat enkhe va ui. 1954 kum in Pu SK Samte (Semkhopau) in “Jougam Thusuo” (Zouland Newspaper)ana bawl a, Jou Christian Association (JCA) in “Pasian La” (Hymnal) anasunkheta uhi. 1957 kum in Scripture Gift Mission (Bangalore) in“Vannei Hundampa” anasun a, tualeh Pu Vummang leh Pu Zamkhogin in “Jou Custom Book” ana bawl a, Pu Nengzakham leh Pu Sienzahau in anasutpieh (published) hi.

ORTHOGRAPHY: Atunga laibu nakisun masate banah Zou ham simthei na ding leh gelhtheina ding in Simpat bu (Primer) tuomtuom mipha tuomngai bangza heikhat in ahing sunkhe kia uhi. 1954 kumin Pu T. Nengkhogin.in “Jou Simpat Bu” ana bawl a, ama’n English Alphabet A B C D zangin ana bawl hi. Tuajou in Pu S. K. Samte ma in Joulai Bu I na ana bawl hi. 1973-1981 kikaalin Pu Thangkhanlal in “Naupangte Zolai Patna” ana bawl a, abanban in ang sun zel hi.

24 Aman ahileh A Aw B Ch - Z ana mang hi. Tam laibu pen Ma- nipur Gam Presbytery in Sunday School zah dinga anasutpieh ahi. 1995 kum in Rev. L. Taithul (Lienchinkhup) leh Rev. Ginchinzam in Zomi pichingte laisim laigiel kisinna “Theina Tha Bu” (Simpat bu), Literacy India Trust in ana sutpieh hi. 1997 kum in Pu M. Liansuankap in “Zoulai Patna” ana bawl a, MGP in ana sutpieh hi. Ama’n zong Hunterian system of alphabet anazang hi. 2000 kum in PuT. Nehkhojang in Zou IPCL Primer, Zoulai Patna, Hinkhovah I & II na anabawl a (A B C D zangin), Churachandpur District Total Literacy Campaign in anasunkhie hi. II. Laisiengthou (Holy Bible) nei masa pawl ihi uhi: Manipur a Kumpi theipi nam 38 umte lah ah atamzawte in Laisiengthou pumpi (complete Holy Bible) chi mai hilou in, Thu- hun Tha (New Testament) nangawn zong neilou tampi a um nalai hi. Tambang a i unau Tapidawte in amau ham a Pasian thuhing an- eilou kaal un eiten Laisiengthou Ledan (version) thum tahpi i neita uhi. 1967 kumin Pu S. K. Samte leh akithuopite jieh in Thuhun Tha “I Mangpa leh Hundampa Jesu Khrist Thuhun Tha”, Bible Society of lndia in ang nasutpieh ua, 1981 Rev. L. Taithul in Good News Bible apat a le khie in “Thuhun Tha leh Sam” Bible Society of India ma in ang na sutpiehta hi. Laisiengthou (Thuhun Lui leh Thuhun Tha kigawm) masa peen ahileh Pu Aloysius T. Nehkhojang leh akithuopi bangza aheikhat phattuom ngaina zalin 1983 in Diocese of lmphal (Catholic Church) in ang na sutpieh ua, i guoltungtuonna khat uh ahing suohta hi. 1992 kum in Rev. L. Taithul in Good News Bible pansan a analekhiet Bible Society of lndia ahing sutpieh hi. Kum bangza ahei khat Rev. David K. Samte (Kamzadou) in ana buoi- pi, New King James toh kituoh ana letha/ettuoh (revise) pen 2009 in Bible Society of lndia ma in ei sutkhiet piehta ua, tu’n pen Laisiengthou chi thum (3 versions) i neita ua, Pasian i pahtawi uhi.

25 PRESENT: III. Zou (Modern Indian language): 1999 kum apat Zou Literature Society lamkaite in Chair- man-pu Dr. M. Lachinkhai, MS mapuina in Board of Secondary Education, Manipur a uliente, Education Minister tan kimupi in Zou (MIL) pen Cl. IX leh X a tawithei dingin ngetna anakibawl hi. Tuachi’n BSEM in 28-11-2000 in phalna lai (order) ang suo pieh a, 2003 kum in Matric CL-X) Examination ah 1st Batch i sawl theita uhi. BSEM Secretary G. Nabachandra Singh order dungzui in 2001 in Zou (MIL) Cl. IX ah akitawi a, 2002 in Cl-X ah akizilta hi. Tuachieng leh Zou (MIL) Class XI leh XII a tawi theina ding ZLS lamkaite’n nahpitahin pan anala kia uhi. I tup leh ngimte lawching- tou zelin Dr. N. Kunjabihari Singh, Secretary, Council of Higher Secondary Education, Manipur, Order No. 3/60/2004-HSC Dt. 9th June, 2006 in hichi’n phalna ahing napie h: “Zou language will be introduced as one of the Modern Indian Language subjects with effect from the Academic Session 2006-2007 in Class-XI and 2007-2009 in Class XII” Tuachi’n Class-X (Matric) laivuonna ah Zou MIL pen 10 vei ana kibawl a, Class XII pen 5 vei ana kibawlta hi. Pu Philip Thanglienmang, DANICS in zong Class-XI & XII zah ding “ZOU HAM ZAH DAN” (Zou Grammar & Composition) ana giel hi.

IV. Thusuo Tuomtuomte : Amasa in thusuo 2/3 ina neite uh tu-a kisuo nawnloute tahlang vai. “Zogam Thusuo” (Daily) khu Pu S. K. Samte in 1954 anapat ahitabou hi. Anua in Pu Thangkhanlal in kum tampi anabawl a, akhawlsanta hi. Ama nuapeh in Pu T. Ginzamang leh Pu T. Khup- doukhen in kum bangza aheikhat anabawl ua, amaute in akhawlsan kiata uhi. “Thuthang” (Daily) pen Pu T. Gougin in kum tampi anabawl a, anung in a tapa Samuel Tualminthang in kum phabeppi khat ana bawl a, akhawlta hi. “Zoukuomthawn” (Monthly) 2002 in Pu L. Manlun (Editor) leh Pu Lalkhawm Zo (Jt. Editor) in ahing bawl ua, tuajou in abawl nawntasih uhi.

26 Anina ah tutu a kisuo nalai thusuote ahileh tukum 2012 in “Sohdu Tangkou” (weekly) pen Vincent Pumzamang (Chief Editor) leh akithuopite in Sugnu a zum (Office) nei in ahing bawl ua, ahing sutzoptou zel ding uh i kinem hi. “Zogam Today” (Monthly) pen Pu S. Nengkhanlun in kum 1 leh ha 3 abawl a, nisim a ahing heidohta a, kipah ahuoi mama hi. Tam Nisim thusuo ahing hendoh pen Zogal Memorial Hall a Dt. 30110/2012 a thupitah a Pu Ginsuanhau MLA Singngat A/C in Chief Guest hina toh ahonkhiet ahita hi. V. “Zou Video Film Company” in Zou ham khangtousah: Zou sunga mi phatuomngai, gam leh nam it mi bangza ahieikhat in a lunglutna uh kikum khawm in Zou ham video Film bangza ahing bawlkhiet upen kipahuoi leh patathuoi mama hi. Amaute min phahtheite ahileh Pa Chinsuanlal, Pa Kailunpau, Jam- minlun, Pauminlun, Thangbawi, Seilet Zou, Maman leh Chingnu ahi. Amaute anabawlkhiet filmte ahileh : 1) Zouthai (Kick boxing), 2004; 2) Paupu the Hero Part-I, 2007; 3) Chikimthai, 2008; 4) Paupu the Hero Part-II, 2008, 5) Paupu Lenlai, 2012’ ahi. Tualeh, Leeng tanute Sanginn (Barbie Animation) May 2013, Kalaisai!

FUTURE: VI. Zoulai khantousah dan ding thusun: Tu-in i Zou khantousahdan ding thu bangza ahei khat anuoi ah tahlang vai. Tana thusunte pen zuithei chietlei pen i Zou ham i Zou- lai leh i chi i nam a khangtou dinga Zomi Nampi sungah khantouna um sem ding ka gingta hi: i) Zou Literature Society hatsah sem ding. Annual Plan/Budget bawl a, Fund Drive bawl a Corpus Fund chibang nei ding tua leh Zoulai Gelhdan ding chi laibu neu/booklet khat hawm zah ding. ii) ZLS leh ZSP lamkaite kithuokhawm a Zou(MIL) Teachers’ Orientation Course Seminar cum Workshop chite vaiguon kumteng a nei ding. Tualeh Zou sung laigielte, sakhuo Tangkou Editor-te zong tel a Seminar nei ding.

27 iii) Hattuom, UZO, ZLS leh ZSP-te pankhawm a Adult Educa- tion/Total Literacy nei a laisim leh gelhthei lam nahpitah a bawl ding., iv) Tutu-a ei Zou ham a nisim thusuo “Zogam Today” pen phung vua chiet ding. Laisimthei tapou in habit of reading nei a i theina uh belap ding. Laigielte, laibu gielte (monthly, weekly, daily) Zou ham geldan taangpi tu a Zou (MIL kigeldan a gelh chiet ding. Tuachileh “uniformity of writing” a um theina ding in Laibu sut dingte ZLS a etkaipi ding a pieh ding Guide Line nei ding. v) Hattuomte kithuzahtuona tuomtuom gentena in Khristian Tangkou, Gospel Tangkou leh adang a um kisimpiehtuo ding. vii) I Zou laphuo siemte, lasah siemte in i Zou ham dihtah a la a phuo chiet ding.Tualeh, i Zou video film bawlte in zong i Zou ham dih leh kilawm azah sawm ding. Tamte in i Zoulai a khangtousah sem ding hi. viii) Zou Cultural cum Literature Society, India (ZO culsin) Re- cord/Documentation kibawl leh Zou Arts & Culture Preser- vation Society support vai. ix) Laibu giel tam ding, Text Books Cl A-VIII & Zou Standard Dictionary khat bawlkhiet ding a poimaw hi. x) Common (Interconfessional) Holy Bible in Zou, India & Burma (One instead of 3/4) ......

28 ZOU HAM LAITENG GELDAN/ZAHDAN (Usage of spelling of Zou Language) A Seminar presented at Indo-Myanmar 2 day seminar on Zou Language, Literature, Culture and Custom at Moreh on 15 and 16 May 2013 By: Dr. M. Lachinkhai Chairman Zou Literature Society, India Nidanglai deu a Zou/Zo ham a lai i gel chieng ua i zahpen uh ahileh Mizoram State (Lushai Hills) leh Chin State (Chin Hills) a mikang Missionary masaten angna pat pieh uh Roman Alphabet (A B C system) zang in ana kigiel hi. Mizoram ah Mizo Alphabet kum 1894 in zah thei ding in ang siem khie uhi. Tuaban ah kum 1901 in Zosapthar (Rev. Edwin Rowlands) in tutu a kizang A, AW, B, CH system ana developed in ana zang pan hi. Tuachima bang in, Chin State (Chin Hills) a zong Rev. Dr. Joseph Harbert Cope hapanna zieh in Tedim kam/ham in A, B, C system (Roman Script) zang in lai ana bawlkhie hi. Mizoram state ah Rev. Edwin Rowlands hi in Chin state ah Rev. J. H. Cope in A, B, C Alphabet zang in lai na bawl nan uleh zil bailam ding/thei bailam ding (for quick and easy learning) deina in laiteng tampi a kizangkhalou chin ana pai hi. Etsahna ding in: Q, X, Y, W ana pai khie ua, tuachieng in “O” zong “OU” chin ana gingsah uhi. Tutu in Roman Script hinanleh Mizo lai ah anuoi ateng a zang uhi. viz. A, AW, B, CH, D, E, F, G, NG, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, V, Z Agel masah lai un “J” tan chieng ana paikhie uhi. Tuama bang in, Rev. J. H. Cope laibawlna ah Tedim kam/ ham ah “R” zahna ding umlou chi in lai masate ah ana pai hi. Tu- azieh in Jerusalem a gelna ah “Jerusalem”, Corinthians agelna ah Kawlentute chin ana giel hi. 29 Tuazieh in tulai leitung buppi huom a nna kisem a, thu ki- genta ahichieng in abuoi huoina tampi ahing umpha hi, etsahna ding in X-Ray, Question, Workshop, Babylon, Igypt, etc. ei lai in a kigiel thei tasih hi. Nidang in mikang Missionaryte leh Administrator-ten ei ham pen ama uham ahilou zieh in a zaah dandan un ana giel zel uhi. Tuazieh in, ahun ahun in a paikhiet uh a belap uh ana um tou den hi. Tu in pen ei a ham neite, a ham zangten i gel chieng in inu noitui toh ina me (mother tongue) ahichieng in i awsuo/i awkai toh kituoh in i giel thei paipai uhi. Tuazieh in i mailam hun ah laiteng (spelling) hen leh belap zong ang tawmta ding hi. Nidanglai a, Manipur a Zou laigeldan pen Mizoram state a Missionary masate leh Chin state (Chin Hills) a Missionary masate na phuokhiet, modified Roman Script, na kizui ahi. Hinanleh tutu a Manipur a Zou lai geldan pen Roman Script or A, B, C system kizui ahi hi. Tualeh tutu a kizang Mizo Alphabet pen ana developed sung uh kum 40 (1860-1901) sung bang ana lut hi. Tuachima bang in Rev. J. H. Cope in in Tedim kam/ham a Alphabet ana developed na sung kum 30 bang ana lut hi (1901-1928) etsahna’n Tedim ham/kam a lai ana gel tambang in ana giel hi. 1919 Jeshu Kaji Pashian Tawpido 1920 Jesu Kaji Pashian Tawpido 1921 Jesu Khaji Pashian Tawpidaw 1922 Jesu Khazhi Pashian Tawpidaw 1923 Zheishu Khazhi Pashian Tapidaw 1924 Zheishu Khazhi Pasian Tapidaw 1925 Zeishu Khazhi Pasian Tapidaw 1927 Zisu Khajih Pasian Tapidaw 1933 Zisu Khajih Pasian Tapidaw

30 Bangzieh a tambang laiteng (spelling) ana suhhen touhen uh adiei ichileh Tedim kam or Mizo (Lusei) language pen a pienpi a mother tongue uh ahilou chieng in abil ua azaah dan dan un ana giel zel uhi. Tuazieh in, Zou Literature Society, India in tampi vei kikup nua in (Seminar/Workshop kinei nua in) tutu a Zou MIL (Modern/ Major Indian Language) text book a kizang laiteng (spelling) te ma iham pronunciation, accent, tone, phonation toh kituoh pen chi in a kipom hi. Tami Zou MIL text book te kisut/kisuo masang a Biehna lam laigiel Bible Translatorten zong ana zang panta uhi. e.g. (1) Pa- sian Laisiengthou (Catholic Version) 1983 published by the Dio- cese of Imphal. (2) Pasian Laisiengthou published by BSI Bangalore 1992. (3) Laisiengthou published by BSI 2009. Tualeh Zou Laiteng (spelling) zah danpen anuoi a bang in chiemte lei a thei nop mama hi. Alui - Atha ia - ie ua - uo o - ou aw - o Atung a double vowel te zang in word siem talei Alui - Atha Alui - Atha Lian - Lien Siang - Sieng Niang - Nieng Piang - Pieng Kiam - Kiem Luan - Luon Suang - Suong Nuang - Nuong Puang - Puong Kuam - Kuom Lo - Lou So - Sou No - Nou Po - Pou Ko - Kou Law - Lo Saw - So Naw - No Paw - Po Kaw - Ko 31 Double consonant zahnate: Alui - Atha Alui - Atha Alui - Atha In - Inn (House) An - Ann (Food) Na - Nna (Work) Tuachieng in vowel 2 a kizom a consonant a atawp sihleh a gen (meaning) atuom ang suoh zel hi. Tuazieh in atha a geldan pen zahlou theilou ahing hi hi, e.g. Sia = Iron or Tuon - sie = Kisie (Spoil) Kia = Kilekia (Return) - Kie = Falling down Lia = Kilia or rolling - Lie = Shadowing Pua = Kipua or Falling - Puo = Carrying Tua = Tualai (Rainy season) - Tuo = Sutuo Pia = Moving - Pie = Giving Tualeh athu kibang hinanleh i aw suo leh i awkai dungzui in a geldan ang tuom zel hi. e.g. Puo = Carrying pen “napotou tave” chitalei puo hitalou in po in i giel thei hi. Tuama bang in kie (falling down) pen kie hitalou in “kesuhta” chin a kigiel hi. Tualeh pie (giving) zong na “petave” chitalei pie hitalou in pe in a kigiel zaw hi......

32 ZO LAIMAL GAWM DAN, AT DAN LEH ZAHDAN Prepared and presented by: Rev. Fr. Andrew Cin Go Lian, Parish Priest, St. Peter’s Church, Tamu, Myanmar Date: May 15, 2013 (Moreh). Thubulphu (Motto): Late (Psalms) 133:1. “U Nau te kipum khat a om ton na et lawm hi”. Zolai Malgawm (Spelling ) atdan ,leh zahdan te pawl khat keimu na bang: Khen I No: Tami mun a ang pei teng zosie ih bieh Pasien’ mintawh kang noset/cibai vuh/ uh hi. Eiteng tuni tami mun ah ih ki suh-tuo theina ding vua, USA a om UZO te in lamsap Travelling Expenses leh a dang tampi ei panpi vuh a hi ta zie vun, USA a om UZO te tung ah zong lungdam thu tun ciet vai. Kei mu na bang leh leitung pienzaw a masa pen India leh Kawlgam a om Pu Zo suon Zo/ Zou tate ki mutua na ah tambang in hunhoih hunpha nga ka hi zie in Pasien’ min ka phat a, note tung leh tam mi vai a gel a hawm a koi mapa te tung lungdam na thu kang gen/phuong nuom rna sa hi. Zolai/Zoulai tawh kizui in India a om sanggam Zoute in Kawlgam, a te saang in Zoulai lam ah nahpitah in sangzaw( advance ) zaw ci pen a tawp sa kum 10 vallai a ki pan in ka thei a,tuni cieng rna a hihi. Zolai/Zoulai tawh kisai in India leh Kawlgam lam pan a Zolai/Zoulai vai a lai tampi a at/giel te zosie pawl tuomtuom te tung leh mimal khat ciet tung ah noppi na leh lungdam( kipahpi na ) thu kang pulah nuom hi.

33 Kei neulai cieng pen Kawlgam ah Zolai pen kumpi Zolai sang ( State Primary School) ah hoihtah in sinna/zilna te ki nei a, tua zaw lam ( 1980) ciengin ki neizo nawn loin tunicieng a hi ta hi. Kawlgam ah Zokam ham tawh a kigiel/at laibu (lekhabu) tawm mama or cieu mama lai a, Tedim kam/lai tawh a ki at /giel laibu 90% in tamzaw in ka um a, Kawlgam lam ah Zo te pen mi citawm nam te ihi vua, tua zie in ih ham leh ih lai atdan te pen Kawl ngaina leh Tedim ngaina in ei vua nelh ( influence ) hi ci pen ih thei ciet vuh hi. A simdan, a atdan te pen Zolai, Zokam sangin Tedim kam leh lai tawh ki thei baih zaw, simnop zaw ci pen zong ih thei ciet vuh hi. Gtn: A tawp sa kum 6/7 lai in Zo khuopi khat a hi;.te i kumpi Manglai Tan 7 Sang (State Middle School )ngah na kum ( 50) ci’n Golden Jubilee pawi a Magazine pen Zolai tawh ki at lo in Tedim lai tawh ki at a, tua mi in eima Zote thanem na in ka um/ ging ta hi.Kei mama zong tuni cieng ei rna zolai tawh ki at laibu leh Laisiengtho bu te sang in Tedim lai tawh ki at khat popo pen sim nop leh at nop ka sa zaw hi. Tunle...... ”Eihaw Zo/Zou te dingin khuova hing tung ta hi”(Cf: Is 9:1-2) ka ci hi. Zokam/Zolai vai ah India a unau te tung ah nahpi tah in lungdam pi ing. Khen II Na: Zokam/Zolai tawh kisai in a nei teng tung ah lungdam ka ko nuom deuhdeuh hi. (1) Rev. Fr. Mark Ai tung ah zong Kawlgam a om Zou te ding ei deihsah na, ei khuotuo na leh ei lainat na te zie in lungdam thu ka ko nuom hi. Leitungbup a om Zo te zosie a ding deihsahna tawh Radio Veritas Asia a ki ci huih lah pan a, Pasien thugen na zong pen ka pak ta ma-ma a, lungdam na zong ka ko hi.( 2 ) India lampan Zoukam tawh laisiengthou bu bawl masa Sie T. Aioysius Nekkho- jang, sie Samuel Khamzakhup leh a pawl te, Pasian Lai Siangth- ou bawl te ( Puondum lai siengtho) ; (3) Pasian Laisiengthou nina bawlpa Rev. Lianchinkhup ( 4) Catholic sung pan leh Protestant sung pan a Zokam/ Zolai tawh Thungetnabu/ Labu/Pasian thubu tuomtuom,Text Book tuomtuom,Magazine tuomtuom leh Leitung

34 thu vai tuomtuom a at te, ( 5 ) India Zou te’n UZO Moreh Block kum 30 ci’n Pearl Jubilee zong pen bawl zo tan a hi zie vun Con- gratulations! ( 6 )Nuasie March 28, 2013 ni in zong Behiang khuo ah Zo tonpi khat na bawl na te vuh zong Congratulations ! ( 7 ) Zou Literature Society, Manipur( Zou Lailam Sai pawl ); (8) Pa Jo- seph Nang Pi, Pu Zo Group Mail leh Website ang bawl masapa, leh (9 ) Zou lai tampi a at/giel Philip Thanglienmang @ Mangkang, etc.

Tua ban ah Congratulations to: ( 1) ZBA te makai na tawh Kalaymyo ah zong nuasie February ha in Zolai Seminar khat rna na bawl zawh na vuh a hi zongin; ( 2 ) Yangon ( Rangoon ) GZO te Zolai leh Zokam tawh na sep na tuomtuom te; ( 3 ) Tamu ( T Z 0 ) te i nasep na tuomtuom te; ( 4 ) 2012 in Phaitu ah leitungbup a masa pen UZO pawi pi or Zo pawi pi ih bawl zawh na te; ( 5 ) Phaitu leh adang khuo pawl khat ah UZO ki phuoi-sii (form ) nate tung ah ki pahpi na/ lungdam pi na kang gen/ Phuong hi. USA ah Zolai ki sin/zil ta ding a, Zokam tawh Cartoon te ki en thei ta ding ci thu zong Pu Zo Net pan in mu ka hi zie in USA ate tung ah zong lungdam ko ing. India a om Zou te’n Kawlgam a om na unau Zo te nei it, neikhuol na vuh, nei khuotuo na vuh leh a dang tuomtuom nei lainat nate zie vun zong lungdam na thu kang pulah/Phuong nuom hi. Ningkum in lmphal ah Kawlgam pan thongkia eima Zo te pasal ( 18 ) te hentatkolbul ( thongkia ) na pan a, nang hotkhietpieh zie vun zong Kawlgam te taang in lungdam thu kang gen nuom hi. India a om Zou te Zoulai at-dan/ giel-dan pen ka telsiem sih a, a hi zong in Kawlgam a om zo te I Zolai atdan/gieldan pen (Zo Grammar & Composition ) kicien om lo zie in ei ma hoih sah dan ciet a, ki at in ka um/ging ta hi. Pu Zo suon hah leh suon te vive ih hi ta zong in ih tenna gam leh lei leh kiim leh paam tawh ki zui in ih aw suo dan leh ih kammal zahdan te vuh ih ki bah lo na vuh tampi a om hi.

35 India Zou te pen Thadou/Kuki leh a dang ham leh kam te in ang vua-nelh( influence ) vuh a, Kawlgam a Zo te pen Tedim ( sim te ) ham leh kam leh Kawlkam in ei vua-nelh in ka mu hi. India Zou ten Roman Alphabet A, B, C, D...... mal 26 lah ah Q, R, W cite sim lo, a dang teng na zangh vuh a, Kawlgam a Zo ten a hi leh J,Q, R, W, Y ...... mal 5 teng lai at a tam zaw te in zangh lo vuh hi cin ka um hi. Kawlgam Zo te sung a hi; Gtn: ZBA, Presbyterian leh ko Catholic ( R.C ) sung a, lai-at dan/kammal-zahdan te khat leh khat zong ki bang pha loin ka um hi. Tuni cieng pen Kawlgam ah Zo te sung ah a madawk deuh teng pen Pasian na sem te vive ki hi pien a, Lai tampen Pasien• nasem te at tam pen ci thei a hihi. India Zou te leh Kawlgam Zo te i aw-suoh dan ki bang lo tampi a om ban ah, laimal-gawm ( Spelling ) kibang lo tampi om ci pen ih thei ciet vua, Kawlgam sung ma ma ah zong tami Kawlzaang a teeng Zo te leh kha mtung ( singtang ) lam a teeng zo te ham zahdan leh aw-suo dan ki bang lo lai hi. Gtn: Tuisawm kuol, Tui- tawng kuol a om Zo te ham leh aw-suo a ki bang lo tampi zong om hi. Tulai Tuhun in Zou/ Zou lai pen thu teng i law danda n a I giel cie vuh hi. India a om Zou ten “O” tawh laimal a bei leh “U” belap ci pen ki mu thei hi. Gtn: Laisiengthou, Asiengthou,Zou etc.

Khen III Na: Tun le sah leh hang ih hamdan ki bang lo te leh aw-suo dan ki bang lo te en vai: -Kawlbu-an/ Vaimim-ciim/ Vam-an, na ne nuom ei? -Hei a haw ding/ hei/ haii sung /koilai a paii ding lah? -Hagau siengthou/ Hasiengtho/ Lhasiengtho/ lhapi/ hapi -School kai/ Sangkai/Sangka/Zii-pei= Bazaar-kai / Ki-khawm = biehinn-kai

36 -Jesu Khrist/ Khrista min in ka hing cibai hi/ Jesu Christu/ Khazih/ Khrist min tawh kang noset vuh/uh hi. -Shina Jordan luipi gei ah I Sina Jordan gunpi gei ah/ Sina gungal kha tah -Kipah thuphuon na= Lungdam ko na/ Lungdam ko thugen na -Kipah ing/ Lungdam ing/ Ka lungdam ei/ Nuom mama ing ei -Chinthuzaila= cin thu zai Ia -Lungsietna= Hepina ( Gtn: Pasian ei lungsiet na I Pasien• ei hepi na -Bangkim bawl thei Pa Pasian= Na vannuoi/zosie a siem/bawl Pa Pasien -Leisiet hinkhuo= Leitung nuntahna/ Leitung luhin na/ leitung nunta h khosah na -Loupi na = Thupi na ( Gtn: Pa Pasian loupi na = Pa Pa sien thupi na “um= om ( Gtn: A sung a um thu te/A sung a om thu te Sawltahte thugin = Nuazuite upna kichiemna (Apostles’ Creed) -Kumtawn tanghou= Nuntahna khomuna/ann lung Hundam Pa= Gumpa/Honpa (Gtn: Hing pei in hundam pa aw) -Khutsuoh = Letsong ( Cit-pieh ) ( Gtn: Ka khutsuoh te hing tawi vung/ung) -khutsuoh piehna=letsong pieh na; Pasien maitam=Pasien Biehna -Bung/A gol/A lien= Gtn: Matthew bung 1, tang 1= Matthew 1:1) -Vangpha= Kampha/hampha; - Vangsie = Kamsie/Hamsie -Ann-ne-yow cieng le= An-neh- zaw cieng le -Suoikai= Letmat-thu ( Gtn: Suoikai na bawl/ Letmat-thu na bawl ) -Zil =Sin ( Gtn: Zoulai/Zolai zil na/sin na ) nei vai -Thumakai= Thumasa (Foreword) pen hing at vawi in -Exam= Laivuon ( Gtn: Exam bawl hi/Laivuon hi bo) - Leengte = Kumpi te ( Gtn: Leengte masa /Kumpi te masa ( 1Kings)) -Tuachi’n = Tua ciengin; Tua zaw ciengin; - Jougam Thusuo = Zogam thusuo te sim nuom huoi ei ih zaw! -1 Mang Pa leh Hundam pa Jesu Khrist thuhun tha =I Topa. leh

37 honpa Jesu Khazih thuhun tha -Awza= Siepa ( Gtn: Awzapu= Siepa/Awzapi= Sienu )

-Letkhie=Teikhie (Gtn: Lai siengthou letkhie=Lai siengtho teikhie/ Bible Translate -China= Cina ( Gtn: China Nu/Pa= Cina Nu/Pa ) -Kicei = kizem( Kipuo ) ( Gtn: Nungahnu ki cei na hoih ei/ Ngahnu . Nu ki puo na hoih ei) -Tawi (Vice)= KG (Kilogram), Vohsa tawi 1= vohsa KG 1 bazaar ah va lei ta’n -Pui = Lamlah ( Lampui )( Gtn: Sie pa Iampi va hilh ta’n/Siepa vapui ta’n. -Hapta (Week)= Kaal ( Gtn: Hapta khat= Nipi kaal khat ) -Vansawlsieng = Vantungmi ( Angel ) = Vansawlsieng Gabriel in Mari thu a ko hi/ Vantungmi Gabriel in Maria thu a zasah hi -Tua ci vai = Tua ci vavui ( Gtn: Lasa vavui/ Zola Savai/ Zolo suut- vai/ peita vavui, -Siemciilbu (Genesis)= Piancil Laisiengtho . -Pawtdohna (Exodus)= Peikhietna laisiengtho bung 1na leh tang 1na hing sim in -Nungah guolhang = Ngahnu tangval -Lekha = Laibullai ( Lekha-sun= Laibu bawl/ khen -Za omtah sie te= A zahtah huoi sie te -Damdawi= Zatui ( Gtn: Damdawi inn/Zato= Hospital ) -Damdawi zuana (Pharmacy)= Zatui zuana sai I zatui-sai -Doctor= Daktol ( Sievuon); -Nidang hun in= Ciillai in -Na khat= Hibang ( Gtn: Hibang tua mi hing Ia to) -Valanglei= Valienlei/ Valonglei/ Civalanglei,Civalonglei, etc -Bangding a heei ci leh = Azieh pen Gari = Mawtaw ( Gtn: ‘Gari tawh pei vai ih zaw!) -Tua chi’n = Tua a hi zie in; -Khum-in= Tua mi hun in -Mawpuohna = Vaipuohna/tavuon (duty & obligation ) Zeisu -Keelnguoinou = Tuu-no ( Gtn: Pasien’ Tuu-no Jesu/Zeisu en vun ) -Belam = Tuu ( lamb) ( Gtn: Tuu leh Keel ) thu khen ding ci

38 -Poimaw mama = Kisam mama; -Maikumcieng in= Khuovei ciengin -A neu =A meeng ( Gtn: Neu ta luo/meeng ta luo) -Sepaih (Army)= Galkap ( Gtn: Sepaih lut/Galkap tum ) -Mang Pa = Topa ( Gtn: Mang Pa Pasian/Topa Pasien

KHEN IV NA: India Zou te’n Mi Min a at vuh cieng in gawmsuok or ki zomsah suok in, Kawlgam Zo te’n mal khat ta ( word khat ta ) in khen vuh hi.Gtn: Rev. Fr. Mark Thangkhanai;Rev. Fr. Mark Man- gkhanpao, Sie T.Aioysius NehkhoJaang, Upa Jaanggin, tu-a pen In- dia at dan hi. Kawlgam at dan ah: Rev. Fr. Andrew Cin Go Lian, H.E. Bp. Felix Lian Khen,etc.

KHEN V NA: Zolai /Zoulai mal zatzie pawl khat en kia vai: - Cing = Ching ( Nu Niengmanching/Nu Nieng Man Cing) • - Ciing =Kalo vuoh Vaimim/Kawlbu/Vam ka ciing vuh/uh hi. - Cingg = Lo cingg khat ka nei vuh/uh hi. - Cingh= Mihau zosie/khempeuh cingh lo vuh/uh hi. - Tang= Lia leh Tang ( Ngahnu- tangval) - Tangh= Zo Tang Tangg Tangh Khat ka lei nuom hi. KHEN VI NA: Kaa leh mau (weeping) = kana leh dana Hamnupa Pawl khat en kia vai: -henta-kolbul = thongkie ( sila/ slavery); -et-the-huoi =A en huoi -chidam-ludam = cidam-ludam; -teh-leh-vuoi =A vuoi a khang KHEN VII NA: 1. lh Zolai/Zoulai ih zuun/puo ding pen nang leh kei mawpuoh na hi ( Cf: Is 58:7...11 Nami te kung pan in na ki phuol sin 11); 2. Neh 2:17...’• Jerusalem Bieh-inn pi leh kulhpi te ciengpha/siem- pha kia vai 11 3. ( Kei, Nang, Ei teng in ih sep sih vuh leh koi in a semtuon ding a heei? (According to NGOs Social Development Procedure...... Unless I,You,We, ...do... Who will do?).

39 KHEN VIII NA: Acian-piak na/Advices: N.B: ( 1) Zokam/ Zoukam leh Zoulai/Zolai damsawt ta heh, VIVA Zolai/Zokam !!! N.B:: ( 2 )Food for thought: Bangding in eihaw pen ih guol midang te in “lhzawte” ei kici a heei? Workshop or Group Discussion to ton lei a hoi diei mah? N.B:: ( 3 )India leh Kawlgam Zou/Zo te ih Unau in ih ki bah lo na pan in ih ki bah thei teitei na dingin Iampi hoi khat siel zo teitei lei ci•n ka lunggulh hi. ( Unity in Diversity) nei zo teitei lei ka ci hi. N.B:: ( 4 ) Kawlgam lam a om Zo te pen Kalaymyo te UZO leh KZO; Yangon ( Rangoon ) te GZO,Tamu te TZO, Tonzang, Phaitu leh khuo pawl khat te UZO pan in ih un pi vun.... UZO ah a ki gawm thei dingin ( Pumkhat a om thei dingin thungen vai !)

ET-KAAL Laibu te/Reference Books: 1. Pasian Lai siengthou ( Katholik -India) 2. Jesu min phatun ( Katholik-India ) 3. Chinthu zaila Text Book, Class IX, India ) 4. Zouham zahdan Text Book,Class IX & X, India ) 5. Catholic Thunget na leh Biehpieh na Missa laibu ( Myanmar) 6. Catholic Pawlpi thu ( Na thei siem ta ei mah? ( Myanmar) 7. Catholic Siempu oplo na mun aa, a thu tawh biehieh na ( Myan- mar) 8. Zo tatzia! Magazine, Pa Kham Khan Mang, Tedim ( 2005) 9. ZO MIN PUOH NA ( By GZO Yangon, Myanmar ) 10.Tonzang Khua Pasian thu tun• kum ZA cin• Magazine ( 1905- 2005 ) 11.Pearl JUBILEE Souvenir (UZO, Moreh Block, India) ......

40 ZOU HAM LEH HICHIENNA (LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY) A short presentation for the International Seminar on Zo Language, Moreh, Manipur on 15 - 16 May,2013

By: Rev. Fr. Mark Thangkhan-ai Vice Chairman (ZLS)-cum- Co-ordinator of the Seminar • Koi hei khat in “Na min bang e?” hing chi taleh, “Ka min... (M).....hi” chiin idawng teitei ding uhi. I min in ei kihan a, imin in ei kithei hi. • I min in ihichienna ei pie hi. Tami pen Personal Identity (mi khat ihichienna) akichi hi. • Alban ah Language Identity (Ham toh Hichienna) ahikia a, iham in koi nam, koi zat ihi uoi, ei chiensah hi. “Zo ka hi” na chileh, na Zo Ham a hing kithei pai ahi. Ham in mihing khat hichienna (identity) a pie hi. Ham khat a kikawm theileh kikou thei nam khat hi, zalenpina (sovereignty) nei ahi. Athumna ah, leitung mihing atangpi in Nam phungpi thum ah ikikhen uhi: (1) Caucasian: (Mangkangte) (2) Negroid (Mivomte) (3) Asian (Asia mite) I senlai a kipan in ihuohbu in ihin sung a pieng jousie akhum kim a, khuo leh tui, inn leh lou, nu-le-pa, unau sanggam imu dan, ingai dante ham in ipusuoh sah uhi. • Ham leh Hichienna (Identity) akikhen thei sih a, ana kikhen ngaisih hi. • Khang khat in khang khat Ham leh Hichienna ana hil a, tambang a Tawndan leh Haam kihilsawnnate Tawndan khat ahing suoh kia sawnsawn hi.

41 • Ta leh naute’n nu leh pate leh khanguolte pan in tawndan leh haam ana zil ua, azilteng uh apeipi ua, khuo leh tui in zong anasanpieh hi. • Zat leh nam khat ham pen, hichienna ah ahing pusuoh a, zat leh nam khat theisiem vai ichi u’leh, a ham uh izil masah ding uh poimawpen. • Gam khangtoute’n kou pau leh haam atungtuong zaw hi achi nuom teitei ua, zat leh nam neute pau leh haam ana sumang uhi. • Agentena’n, 1800 kum lai in Mangkangte’n America gam mite a khantou sah nuom zieh un, naupangte boarding ah nuom loh pumpum in ana khum ua, asam nasan uh aheu pieh ua, Mangkam (English) azil sah uhi. • Apienpi haam uh azang sah sih ua, phasa khat in a mang ngil nalai uhi. Tawndan hatzaw (Dominant Culture) khat in tawndan hatlate adep teitei hi. • Tambang in tawndan hatzawte haam pen tangpi haam (lin- gua franca) ahing suoh hi. • Agentena’n, Sahlam America (South America) ah Portuguese leh Spanish haam akizang pen suohta. • Tuama bang in, North America leh Australia Gam ah Eng- lish akizang suohta hi. Bang jieh e? Mangkangte tawndan in tawndan dangte adepmang a, amahaw haam in leitung huop- ta hi chilei genkhiel sih vai. • Tawndan leh haam (culture and language) pen unau bang a khen thei hisih. Ahi’n, ahoina in lep zaw mama. • Midang zat dang khat haam izah theileh amahaw zat leh nam kisuoh toh kibang ahia, ki-itna leh kinaina khat a um pai ngal. • Gamtuom haam khat itheileh amahaw tawndan ithei baizaw hi.

42 Ham in koi ihiei chi achien sah a, bang zat bang nam ihiei, bang ann isa thei deuh uoi, achien sah hi. • Agentena’n Meiteite’n ann tungtang agen khah u’leh ‘nga’ a hing tel teitei ding a, ei singtang mite’n ‘sa’ ichi teitei uhi. Sa du leh nga du mi akam ah ahing kikhen pai hi. • Tuaban ah, pau leh ham in bang gam mi ihi uoi, bang tawndan izui uoi, bang biehna izui uoi chi tan ei chiensah a, laisiem miihina, anei thaw alam thaw ihina leh bang nasem mi ihie chi zong apusuoh sah hi. • Numei leh pasal ham zong akibah lohna tam tualeh ham inzong ikum uh telsah. Naupang kam leh nungah-tangval, nupi-papi ham zong kibang sih. • I ham zah un, ilungtuot leh leitung lungtuot zong ate/sah a, tuazieh in ham in tawndan azui a, tawndan in ham azui kia hi. • Zat leh nam khat tawndan zil va’ng, giel va’ng ichileh, tua zat leh namte ham izil masah ding poimaw mama. • Luseite tawndan agentena’n Bengali laigiel siemte’n ana giel ua, ahi’n Lusei Ham na siemte na giel tawndan asieng zaw a, adihzaw hi, azieh pen, ham in tawndan apuo a, tawndan in ham apuo hi.

PAMGAM A LAL ZO KHANGTHATE HAM (The future language of the next generation of Zo diaspora) • Pamgam a lalsa Zo khangnoute’n bang Zo Ham ang zang ding uoi, lungkham huoi, hepi huoi, dahuoi. • Ham in mihing lawchinna guon. Ham khat itheileh,mihing khat theisuoh uhi tualeh ama tawndan zong ithei pai uhi. • Zo suonte gamchin gamtang itungta ua, itunna chiet u’ah, tawndan thakhat in, nuomlei dalei, ei uop hi.

43 • Kawl Gam (Burma) a umte, Kawlte tawndan in ahuoi, aki- imvel a, Kawlte tawndan leh haam phasah khat azui u’hi: Agentena’n: Nang tavuon ahi (nang mawpuohna ahi), ahi sihleh, annsai ah ei nangah aw (hotel ah einangah in), maan kizai vai(lim kikap vai), adg, adg. • India Gam ah Kolte tawndan in ei huop hi, adieh dieh in cin- ema (limpia) tawndan tualeh Manipur ah, Meiteite tawndan in zong bangtan eikhat ei dep a, amate ham zong izang uhi. • USA a lalte’n, Mangkangte tawndan azui panta uhi, adieh dieh in khangnoute leh sangnaupangte’n. Zo naupangte innsung leh kholai a uh a hamsa deuh deuh in mu ingh. Tawndan kikhel dungzui in, haam zong akikhel a, akikhel ding mawng zong ahi chi theisiem vai. • USA a na lal Germante bang in “I am American” achi nuom zaw uhi. Apu apate uh German mi ahivangun, German mi ahina uh sang in America mi ahina uh angaisang zaw uhi. • Tualeh Hispanic mite’n America mi ahivangun, amahaw ham leh tawndan akizui gige uhi. • Ni khat ni chieng’n America a teng Zo khangnou khat in “I am American” (America mi ka hi) ahing chi ding a, Zo ahina hing thuse maw khava chi ing. • Ei Kawl Gam leh Phai Gam a umte’n bang panmun khat ei khat ilah sihleh, Zo Ham leh Zo tawndan ahing mansuo kha ding uhi.

THU KHUMNA Tawndan leh haam unau bang a tengkhawm, lengkhawm, kikhel khawm ahijieh in, mun tuomtuom a Zo suonte haam zahdan nuisan sih vai, simmawsih vai, tualeh en zong zahpieh nalai vai chi’n hing chiel ingh. Sielmawng leh Gamngaite chiipsiet haam leh hieu haam dante haam gil mama ahia, agentena’n: tavanuh chie, hieusan suoh, valeh chie, seetsuut leh, vangut, vadeng leh, ngiangua chie, litlet, adg, adg.

44 • Gam leh mun tuomtuom a Zo Ham kizahdan suichienna (re- search) kul mama. • Keima hinkhuo ngel ah, Zo Ham zahdan tuomtuom kana za a, a un in ngaisa mama ing. • Kawl Gam a Zo tehsete hing kihou, Lamka bazar a Thangkhal pasal ni hing kikup uh tualeh Sohdu lam a nupi ni hing kisel ka zah chieng in ngai ka sa mama hi. • Zat leh nam dang a haam kilate pen, ahitheitan a, phiet ding hoi sa ingh. • Tua kammalte pen eima haam a ledoh ding poimaw: Agentena’n: Inn baharah, gari baharah (inn sap, tuonman/ mawtaw sap), solkal (kumpi, innpi), khaam (sep), dukan/ dawr (sum buuh), ghari (nai/daah). Atawpna ah ei in ina zah haam bangzatah in nuomsa lei zong, gamdang a Zo suonte zahdan saanpieh vai azieh pen, tawndan khat toh ana peipi haam ahi! ......

45 A Seminar Paper on the topic of ZOU CUSTOM (ZOU TAWNDAN) Presented by :- Upa Suankhanmang, Adviser UZO GHQ, Chief of Tangpijol on the 16th May, 2013 at INDO-MYANMAR 2 DAY SEMINAR On ZOU LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, CUSTOM AND CULTURE at Border Trade Centre Hall, Moreh Sponsored by :- UZO, USA Organised by :- ZLS, India Hosted by :UZO, Moreh Block Article- l: Tanglai in Pu Zou hah leh suon pasal thum ana um hi. Amaute - 1) SONGTHU 2) SONGZA leh 3) ZAHONG ahi ua, Amauh Hah leh Suonte ZOU ana kichi den hi. Article- 2: Zou Tawndan a Tawn leh Zoulai pomte Zou ahi. Article- 3: Zou tawndan in Sakhuo Biehna athupi in akingaina hi. Sakhuo kisuhsietsah a umleh tambang a lieuna bawl ahi ding - i) Zouta leh Zouta kikal ahileh Zubel a ki innlutna anei ding uh ii) Zouta leh midang (Namdang) kal ah, sielpi, Salam leh Zubel a gap ding ahi. Article- 4: Zou Tawndan in Dawlluong leh mihing luong mang ngailou chi ahia, luongman ah azawng, ahau, luong leh ban kikhamna thu ahileh akibang chiet hi. a) Khutkhiel, Bankhelna thu a :- Lieu dingte - i) Zubelleh salam ii) Inpi sap

46 iii) Puondum . iv) Sielpi (Nga) 5 b) Theitangsa a tuolthana i) Atung a (a) (i-iii) teng ban ah Siel keng ding 10 (sawm) ahi ding. c) Tuploupi a khutkhelna a liemna - - A liemna damkiatan ah maw apo dinga, adam zou chieng Vohtal khat in Hahawna abawl ding. d) Khutkhelna a shisan suona a umleh khut khielpa in adamtan mo apaw dinga SALAM sat in Sielpi khat a Gap ding ahi. e) THASAWM A SUHLIEMNA: Tupmong a Tha sawm a that zoulou a liemna tuoh a umleh Article 4 (B) bang ahi dinga, a dam siengtan ah mo apaw ding hi. Article - 5: KITENNA: A. Kitenna apasallamte (Kuon lamte bawl ding) - i) Zouta numei man siel nga a sum a tuot in. 5,000/-(Tulnga) ii) Thatanman, Bangkaw sum, Pu sum, Zawl sum, Be sum. 20/- (Sawmni chiet) iii) Sielpi khat toh mou akipui thei iv) Sabeng kipiehtuona ah20/- v) Siel nga ban ah koiman man lamkai chi atuom in agenthei sih ding. * Chiemte ding - Manlamkai chi aloutheilou a ngaituona aum leh tambang aguoltuoh ding:- i) Manlamkai :- Sielpi thum Rs. 3,000/- (Tulthum) ii) Anuajui :- Sielpi rJ Rs. 2,000/- (Tulni) B. Numei lamte bawl ding (Kuonlamte)- i) Mou sumken :- Sielpi khat Rs. 1,000/- (Tulkhat) ii) Sa :- Houkhat aphuikim a pei ding. C. MOUVANKEN- i) ‘ Phawipi tang a puonpi khat ii) I Puondum, Sabeng sin khat iii) Singkuong khat iv) Tuibel khat v) Seu leh Nam sabeng puohna vi) Tu leh hei

47 vii) Numei in a U kaan a pasal aneileh Siel khat alieu ding. Theiding leh zuiding :- Mou puini a tam atunga Mou vanken te chilou sildang toh mou puilou ding, Moulahna leh Mouhahna ah Inndongta in Mou ha in Mou ala ding. Article - 6 : KIKHUL THU: A i) Pasal in azi akhulleh- a) Sielpi khat b) Salam asat ding c) Innpi sap d) Azi ken teng a lekia ding e) Aman piesateng a tham ding f) Abat aumleh zong asuhsieng ding g) Numei shisan palnailou ahileh aman batteng mai ding. ii) Pasal in azi deilou a ahing khulleh alieu dingte- - Article 6 A (i) ban ah Sielkengding 6 (guh) alieu ding. B. Numei nausen neilai akikhulleh tambang ahi ding i) Nausen Anu’n kum thum akep ding ii) Nausen Anu kepsung a shina aneileh apan bangma agen thei sih ding. Adamlou ahileh apan aki-etkolna ah mo apaw ding. C. Numei in apasal monabei a akhenleh- i) Numei vankenteng tota mai amai ding ii) Aman ale ding iii) Zu leh sa kineteng maimang ding. D. Nupa hilai a khat penpen in kilawson thei natna avei a, achet- na dihtah aumleh aveilou pen in akhen thei a, ki-Ahguol khen a kichi hi. Article - 7 : TAWNKHIEL LEH ANGKAWM : A Pasal in mi zi tunga atawnkhiel/ang akawmleh alieu ding te - i) Siel kengding khat ii) Zubel leh Salam iii) A tawnkhielte gel akiten uleh Numei in apasal akhen a tuot ahia, Article No. 6 (c) bang ahi dinga, Numei man gentha ahi ding. iv) A tawnkhielpa zi neilai pen anualam a apeileh atawnkhielpa zikhul a ngai ahi dia Article No.6 (i) zah ahi ding.

48 B. ZAWLLEITAWI: i) Numei leh pasal kala Zawlgai a zawllei akitawi uleh- a) Sielpi b) Salam c) Zubel ahi ding.

C. Numei- Meithaite dinmun- Numei - Apasal in anuasia jou chienga in ama utna dan in anua ah apei thei a, hinanleh ama utnalou in koiman anawtdoh theisih ding hi. Anualam a apei leh man leh muol adangte atung ah bangma akigen theisih hi.

D. ZI KILAHSAH aumleh alieu dingte - i) Zubel leh Salam iii) Numei manteng ale ding iv) Azi man atha a gen ding

E. APASAL lui toh akiteen kialeh - i) Zubel leh Salam

Article - 8 : NUNGAH LEH TANGVAL KALA ZAWLLEI TAWINA - i) Sielkeng ding iii) Innpi sap Article - 9 : NUMEI PAWNG SUOL : Numei pawngsuol sawm - ii) Sielkeng ding khat iv) Innpi sap ii) Numei manteng alekia ding ii) Zubel leh Salam iv) Nau anei uleh Article 6 (B) i) Zubel leh Salam ii) lnnpi sap A suoljou nua a akitenpi lou leh atung a i) & ii) ban ah Sielpi (5) nga alieu ding. Article- 10 : MOU LUO- ‘ Pasal khat in a u damlou jou a a u zi a aneileh Mou luo kichi a, tuabangten Mou luo man a Sungte kungah Sielpi khat ape ding. A Sungten a ut uleh kingaidam thei ahinalai hi.

49 Article - 11 : TAGA KEPDAN - Naupang anu leh apa in a shisan tuoh ua ahileh apa gamluo dingte in ala ding hi. Hinanleh naupang pen a pute kungah a ut tantan aum thei a, Dammaw hitan atuoh leh apa Gam luote mawpuohna ahi ding, apute inn a zi leh ta neitan a umleh, apute akepman un puondum leh Sielpi khat pie in akila thei hi.

Article- 12: ZAWLTA- Zawlta aputen k:um thum akep jou chieng un apaten Puondum, Zubel, Salam leh Sielpi thum in ala ding uhi.

Article - 13 : MEISIE Pasal in Mei asieleh asungte k:ungah Sielpi khat ape ding.

Article- 14 : GOULUO A Zou tawndan in Ta pasal tahpen in Gou aluo hi. Zawlta hi in, Meinu ta himaleh Apa ta pasal tahpen in Gou aluo hi. B. HING GOU KILUO NGAILOU Pasal khat hah sung a pasal pienglou ahilai in pasal in mitsin tuoh taleh azi leh atate (Numeite) koiman anawtdoh theisih ding. Tualeh nei leh lam jong koiman alahpiah thei sih ding hi. Azi leh atate umlou hun ah pasalpa khanggui a Gouluotu dingin aluothei pan ding hi. C. TA PASAL TAHPEN GOU LUOTU MAWPUOHNA a) Anu leh apa ashitan ua akep ding. . b) A nau pasal leh Numeite zi aguot ding amou hah ding. c) A nau pasal jousie a inn tuon ding. d) A Hainet sung a SALU atun photleh Zubel a adel ding. e) A Naute zousie ami suohna ding ua amaw apuoh ding.

50 Article - 15 : PHUNGKIA, Numei ta leh nau neisa, apasal shinua a aphungkia (anualam a peikia leh) nei leh lam zousie ah thuneina anei sih hi.

Article- 16 : GAMLUO- Pasal Inngam khat Gouteng Gouluotu in alah (aluo) chieng GAMLUO akichi hi. Tua bang Gamluona ah nei leh lam mai hilou in naupang jong ahuom tel hi. Amabou pasalpa zi amaw atanute amaw a um sung leh asuon ngap laisie uh Gamluotu in a gam aluo thei sih hi. Zong akipong nawkhiet theisih hi. Article - 17 : INN TUON - Pa khat hah leh suon a pasal Nauzaw pouma in zi leh ta anei jou chieng in inn atuon uhi, tuabang Nauzaw inn tuonna ah au tahpen Gouluotu in a inn tuon hi. Article - 18 : SAPHUI PEIDAN - a) SALU (gamsa ah) Upapen (Bangkopa) b) SANGAWNG (gamsa innsa ah) PIENNA PU c) SAKAWNG (gamsa innsa ah) SUNGTE d) SALIENG (gamsa innsa ah) HAUSAPA Tam atung a saphui piehlou aumleh Siel khat lieu ding e) SA AWMPHAL (Sasem- Pupa) f) SA KHUOILU (Jawl- Thusa) Article- 19 : INN SILNA - Vangsiet thu in mikhat in midang inn a shina ahiei - ang- kawmna ahiei aneileh a inn Zubel leh Sapum toh asawpsieng ding ahi. Article- 20 : KIBULU A. Mi khat in midang inn lungthah, lunghan a hiem leh tei tawi a avabululeh a lieu ding ahi. i) Inn sawpsiengna anei ding ahi.

51 ii) Zubel leh salam a gap ahiding. iii) Liemna baina nei amo a suhsiet aneileh asudamna ding leh asete siem hoina anei ding hi. iv) Tuate zousie angai bang a aum zou chieng, Gan pum khat in Hahawna abawl ding hi. B. Mikhat in midang in bululai a, A Bulunate in a navuoh a na- sat ua, liem leh bai atuohleh bangma agen thei sih ding hi. Article - 21 : HAMKHIEL A Mihing kause loupi kausie, hamseloupi, hamsie ahi chia ngaw a gen aumleh, tambang a gentu in anuoi abang in alieu ding hi - i) Zubel leh Salam ii) Innpi sap iii) Sielpi khat B. NGAWKHIEL Tam anuoi a banga ngawna nei in, hinanleh angawkhielleh Article No. 21 lieu teng alieu ding hi. i) Suohloupi, suoh, salloupi sal chi ii) Gutaloupi guta chi, iii) Kau loupi kau chi. iv) Umdan loupi umdan chi leh gamtatloupi, gamta chia ngaw khielnate lieuna ahi. Article - 22 : GANTA 1. Ganta leh ganta kisuol pen kingaisiem ahi. 2. Ganta khat in ganta khat asuhliemleh ganta liemlou pen Apu in a sietvat ding ahi. 3. Ganta kisuol a um a khat shina atuohleh ganta sa kikim hawm in aman zong akikim in atuoh ding uhi 4. Ganta sutuo aum a, gantate tunga sietna khaatna aumleh ganta sutuotu in amaw apo dinga, tambang in alieu ding hi: i) Ganta aliem leh sielpi khat in ngaidam angen dinga, Ganta liem in shina aneileh ganta sutuotu in amaw apo dinga alieu ding hi:

52 a) Zu bel leh Salam b) Innpi sap c) Ganta man teng ape ding Article- 23 : GANTA LEH MIHING Ganta tunga tatkhielna chi nga in akikhen hi - A Michil a ganta liem leh shi - Mikhat in midang khat chil in, mi ganta khat vasuliemtaleh asuliemtu hilou in achiltu in a lieu ding hi. B. Mikhat chil a midang khat midang ganta atha/amatleh achiltu leh chil a umpan agan man akimtuoh in asang ding uhi. C. Innsa khat gamsa hi chia midang in atha/amatleh gan neitu leh athatpa’n asakikim in hawm van aman jong akimtuoh in atuoh ding uhi. Ganta shilou a liem ahileh khut khielpa Zubel in alut ding hi. D. a) Ganta in mihing asuhlup/atha a ahileh a sulumtu ganta pen mishi Kosa ding a zah ding ahi. b) Puondum in aluong atuom ding. c) Luong man Sielpi nga ape ding. E. Ganta khat in midang khat asuhliemleh - a) Zubel in alut ding b) A kidonnateng atuoh ding c) Adam zou chienga Hahawna sapum khat toh abawl ding. Article - 24 : GUTA a) Guta kichi chi tampi aum a agapna zong chi tampi ahi hi. b) Gapna a kijang deute :- i) Zubel, Salam ii) Avan guh piehkia c) Bu-gu - Mikhat in midang bu aguh leh hoitah a etkai zou a nehding neivotlou ahileh ngaidam ahi dinga, neh ding neivotlou jieh hiloupi a Bu-Gu ahileh a Bu guh pen apieh kia ding, Zubel toh ngaidam anget ding.

53 Article- 25 : MOU KHAM Tawndan ah moukham chi ni a um hi - i) Zu um thamsa ii) Neita kikham Mou dinga zu-um thamsa, ahiei, Sa-gawsa a Moukham lai min asuhsietleh asusetu in akikhamna bang bang alieu ding hi. Salam sat in Sielpi alieu ding. Mou khamtu in zi leh ta a aneisihleh Sielpi khat leh Zubel toh alieu ding hi.

Article- 26 : NAUPANG GAMTATNA a) Naupang leh naupang kihau a, akisukha aumleh asukhatu nu leh pate’n Zubel a lutna anei ding ua, akisukhahna damtan a enkol ding uhi. b) Naupang leh naupang midang suhtuo jieh a kihau a liemna tuoh aumleh a sutuopa/nu in maw apaw ding hi, (a) leh (b) a lieu dingte - i) A liempen/akisukhapen adamtan ah maw apo ding. ii) Zubel leh salam a gap ding iii) Sielpi khat alieu ding. c) Naupang Kum 12 nuailamte silsuhkhelna bangmalou a ngai ahi. Article - 27 : SHI LEH MAN Shini leh manni namsietni in Inndongtate in panmun anei chiet hi.

Article - 28 : HILCHETNA 1. SIELPI : Sielpi taang in Dangka 1000/- (tul khat) 2. SIELGUOL : Siel guol taang in Dangka 500/- (za nga) 3. SIEL KENG DING: Siel keng ding taang in Dangka 5,000/- (tul nga) 4, SALAM : Vohtal Tuhli apan atung lam, A sum a tuot in tuh li manza.

54 5. ZUBEL I SINGPI : Alemtanlouna ah Dangka 100/- (za khat) 6. INNPI SAP: Dangka 100/- (za khat) 7. PUONDUM : Lemtanlouna ah puondum manza. 8. Thatanman, Bangko sum, Zawl sum, Sasem sum, Sabeng puoh sum Dangka 20/- chiet.

Article - 29 : CHIINDANTE 1. Nausen a piengzou Ni sagi ni in nau min akiphuo a, nau phuoivuna akichi hi, pasal ahileh apute mintap in min a kiphuo, numei ahileh apite min akitap hi, nau phuoivuna in apianna pute in muinam; Ahtal; Sa chite apie hi. Pute apan a muinam pen anu in aneh chiengin Nawitui apan a chidam, Ludamna leh Nau ann akham ding pienna ding a Pute avang buohna ahi. 2. NAU AITAH Pute in Atu Aitahna abawl chiengin, Gan gou in Tangsi ngan huan, bumansi leh bepitang ngan huon, tuate khu atu anesah ding a, Atu in anehlaitah in apu’n ZUNGAU in phit in Atu “VANGBUOHNA” anei hi. Pu khat in pa khat hah a atute thumvei Aitahna anei zouleh atute in apu Sielpi khat ape ding hi. 3. NAMSIETNI Shini, Manni khu namsietni akichi hi. Tam hun chiengleh inn lam ni chiengin Pute jousie leh Bete in ann minsa atoi chiet uhi. Tuapen tute annhuon manlou a buoite leh inntehte in ane uhi. 4. PUSUOHNI Pu in atute sangawng akainateng ah Nopni toh Dani in Zubel leh sapum in pang hi. Atu atawpna ahi chiengin Sapum leh Zubel gai in atu tung a lungdamna leh lung damlouna umte innsung vai ah houlim-

55 na anei ding a, atu sonte toh a tu adamlai banga ki-ittuo jing ding chielpina anei ding hi. Atu atawpna ahi chiengin atupa Teipi leh Belpi atu meel a amu ding ala ding hi. 5. TULPIPA(Bangkawpa)- A Haitoina teng ah Nopni/Dani in Zubel leh sapum in apang ding hi. 6, NAULAI- Tulpipa bang bangin apang ding hi. 7. SIELKHUM- Tute in Pute siel akhumthei, tuabang a tute Pute Sielkhum a umleh apu in sahou khat in akhumsin hi. SAKHUO SUTZUNG ah Pusa Pasa ana kibie hi. Kithoina khutsilna, Ah tha chiengin asa a heutel asin alungte sutzung ah bu toh koikhawm in pa pen in, “Pusa pasa natai aw” chi’n Pusa, pasa muolliemsate minlou in, phui asam a tuachin kinethei pan hi. CHRISTIAN HI JOU A SIEMTHATE 1. ZUBEL = Singpi 2. KITHOINA = Thuumna 3. MISHI LAPNA = Upa/Pastor Thuumna 4. PUTE VANGBUOHNA AHNEL AWSAHNA= Pute Thuumna 5. ZU LEH SA TOH MUOLDAWNA= Singpi 6. MISHI HAHKHIATNA TULPIPA = Upa / Pastor TAWPSANTE 1. AHGIE - Mishi chiengin Ahgie akibawl a, tuapen phuihitna a pasal sawmthum dan a kibawl ahi. Tua ahgie ah samat za akisiet hi. Vaphuol gie akisietleh Siel tha za etsahna ahia, Sawntan (Ahnel san kitan) china ahi. Ah- nelsan umlouna ah Vautawm kheisan akinusan hi, Sawntan akisietleh Ngal thaza etsahna ahi. 2. PANGLI - Guo kiphalsuo in mihing kingap theina in akisiam a, Tuongphei laitah ah Mishi akitousah a, tuamun ah mishi akikhawlpi hi.

56 3. DIEL KHAI- Mi ashi chiengin mishite inn mai ah Gokui dawn ah diel akikhai hi. Tuapen asatha/asamat za uh chiemtena ahi. a) Sai = Dielkang b) TAWPI = Dielsan c) TANGAI = Phipheh d) SAKOL = Dielvom 4. MISHI VAIHAH- Mishi vui ding chiengin HAITAWIPA (Tulpipa) in mishi vaihahna tambang in anei hi. “Tangtung ah hing pieng sin, Tangnuai ah hing pang sin, Mi- imvui, Tangvui hing tuolsah in” chin a haitoi mishi kuongtung ah tawkehna anei hi. ZOU CUSTOM AND CULTURE Zou tate Tawndan in Pa khat hah leh suon ah Tapa tahpen in Gou aluo hi. Atahpen in anaute zousie zi aguon a, a zi man uah Sielpi khat in apang jel ding hi. Ta pasal neiloute akhanggui a sut a akijompi (Akinaipi) pen pen in agou aluo hi. Zou innsuon ah innsung a vaisai pawl khu INNDONGTA akichi hi. Innsuon ah Inndongta aum a, Nopni Dani in Inndongtate in mawpuohna anei hi. INNDONGTA 1. INNTEHPA/INNTEHNU Innsung khat a; innsuong tupen khu inntehpa inntehnu a kichi hi. Inntehpa, inntehnu ding khu, Tapa tahpen ahileh apa inndongtate angam den ding a, Ta pasal nau zaw ahileh Anu apa inn apan in atuonkhie ding a, tuachin inn asuong ding a, Inndongta tam anei abang in aman ding hi- i) Bangkuo (Tulpipa) ii) Zawl (Thusa) iii) Sasem (Bepa) leh abe aphung a mite Inntehte akichi hi. 2. TANULAM AH i) Tanupi ii) Tanupi zawm iii) Tanu thumna iv) Tanu lina ban ah abe aphung a numei moutha sate Tanu a kichi hi. 3. INNDONGTATE DINMUN HILCHETNA

57 i) Inntehpa/Inntehnu- Nopna/Dana tunna innsung ah, tua innsuongtute khu Intehpa, Intehnu akichi hi. ii) Bangkawpa Tulpipa- Bawngkawpa Tulpipa chipen akhanggui a umsa ahi hi. Nopna Dana tunna insuongtupa khanggui a atahpen, a haitawipen khu Bangkawpi akichi hi. Bang- kawpal Tulpipa in a Haitawina zousie ah mopuohna anei hi. Amawpuohnate - a) Nopni Dani in Sapum leh Zubel in apang hi. b) AHAITAWINA jousie ah athatjou amanjou aumleh Gamsa ah Salu leh asung teng akai a innsa ah Salieng akai hi. Tenna giehna toh kisai a lemtanlouna mun ah akhanggui a sutin Bangkuo Tulpipa siemlemthei ahi. iii) Zawlleh Sasem (Thusa leh Bepa) Inndongta lah a zawl leh Sasem pen akhanggui a umsa hilou in midang matthei ahi hi. Phung dang, Tang dang ami hi zong leh Zawl leh Sasem (Thusa leh Bepa) a mat ahi chiengin Innsung mi hina ahing neita ua, innsung sa zong ahing ne theita uhi. Nopni/Dani in innsung a vaisaipipen a mopuohna la in thule la pesawntu patong in apang uhi. Tha leh mat a aum chiengin Zawl leh Sasem in Sangum aphal hawm ua, Gamsa ah Zawl in, Sakhuoilu, Sasem in sa awmphal atang hi. Nopni/Dani in Zubel in apang uhi. iv) Pu, Apa a ding a Sungpa khu atate a dinga Pu ahi. Zou Cus- tom ah Pu dinmun a sang mama a “PU LEH LAMSAH, TU LEH LAMHANG” ana kichi hi. Pute in Tute a guoljawl thei hi chi gintatna ana um a, mangsietni, lunglenni leh sakap kha theilou a vangsie kisahna neite in a Pu kung ah guoljawlna ana kingen jel hi. Tuachia, Apu in aguoljawl chiengin Ha- muonna leh Samattheina bang ah vangphatnate akimujel hi. Tuabang lianga Pute dinmun sangtah a um a, ngaituo ahi- man in Pute in tute innsung ah muinam ana kine ngaisih hi. Pute in tute innsung a muinam anehleh Tute Hagau anelia a,

58 tute ding a dammona tungthei, chia gintatna aum hi. Khu- oljin lailenna a, nehlou theilou ahileh innsiakem, innmai- kem, innhangkem, innpulam ah aneh ding ahi. Pute in tute innsung ah tha leh mat anei chieng un SANGAWNG akai hi. Tam SANGAWNG dehtheilou Pute SANGAWNG ahia, Insa leh gamsa ah pute satan ahi. Teipi, Belpi - Tute innsung ah, Atupa shini chiengin Teipi, Belpi anala jel hi. Mun khen khat ah atute atopna pen tung ah ala a, mun khenkhat ah atute tung chiet ah ala hi. Teipi, Belpi - Nidanglai in pasal khat in innsuong a, aum chiengin aloutheilou Teipi leh Belpi toh inn akisuong hi. Teipi leh Belpi lahna in atupa sih leh tang a apu in amu jing ding a, Atupa Teipi leh Belpi analah china ahi. Pute in tute shini chiengin atupa Zu leh Sapum toh agal dinga tuachin atusonte kungah Apa uh (Atupa) a itdan leh ak- ingainat dante uh sut in, tuabang kingainatna mansuolou dinga ki-itna thu genkom in atupan sangawng piehlou anei leh SANGAWNG khat ah Sielpi khat in atang thei hi.

Pute in, A tupa zi Atunu damnalai aumleh atupa zi atunu nitna in Teipi, Belpi jong atupa tungah lanailou in Atunu anit thei hi (Chi pen Atunu tungah alapan hi)

4. SUNGPA LEH MAHPA Atate dinga pianna Pu khu apa ading a Sungpa ahia, Sungpa a dinga atate numeite pasal khu Mahpa akichi hi. Inndongta ah Mahpate khu tute ahia, Sungpa khu Inndongtate lah a khat ahia, Sungpa in Gamsa leh Innsa ah Sakawng akai hi. Nopni Dani in Zubel leh Sapum in apang hi.

5. TANU Hainet khat sung, Phungsung, Besung a TANU mouthasa zousie Tanu rna akichi den hi. Innsung dongta ah tanubul

59 (Tanupi) apat lina tan akiguot a, Tualou Nopni Dani a buol khateng TANUGUOL akichi hi. Nopni leh Dani in tanute in Sep leh bawl ding jousie ah mawpuohna ala hi. Namsietni in Tanu jousie in tuomlieu in puon khat chiet in atuom ding uhi. Tanute in Gamsa ah SA- TAN anei sih ua, Innsa hawmna ah SATAN anei uhi. 1) TANUBUL - Salu leh Samal khat 2) TANU NINA - Samal khat 3) TANU THUMNA - Salieng khat 4) TANU LINA - Sataiten khat 5) BANGKAWPA - Salieng khat 6) TANU GUOL - Saba khat chiet 6. HAUSA- Khuo leh tui Sattu neitu khu Hausa (Chief) akichi hi. Khosung a Nopni Dani in thei pitu in apang hi. Khosung a kisiet kibalna aum chiengin Tawndan dungjui a Vaihawm leh Lemna Siemtu in apang hi. Khosung a taga, Meithai Kumtu in apang hi. Khosung a gamsa kithat, ki manjou a urn chiengin salieng akipie hi. Thusie lasie genna Salam satna ah Innpi sap in Salieng akai hi. NB:- Saphui tunate in saphuipen Zu toh aki del jel hi. Tulai a Singpi ahisihleh Chini toh del jel ding ahi. TAWNDAN DUNGZUI THUGINPITE 1. Pu in alungthah mama a Atupa agausapleh ami hina gui gaw- ta akichi hi. Puten a guoljawlna pen atang tung tahtah ahi chin akipom hi. 3. Nau phuoivuni (Naumin phuoni) a aputen Muinam Ahtal ahiai khat kipepen in Anu nawitui luonna leh nausen chi damna apie hi. 4. Teipi, Belpi lahna in Khang kiheng lamdang pen in Pu leh tu kal asuhbei louna ding leh Apu in atu mel a amu jing ding a alah ahi.

60 5. Aminsie zoutadilei - Zatatna leh Phamsa Pupite min amawh- na a lawlaw theilou, Pasian leh Pupite phamsate nitna. 6. Hahawna - Mangsietni, damlou a shi ding a kingaituo a lun- glen hun chienga Pute kunga lut a, Apu in Hahawna ahnel a awsah tulai a jong tambang ituohkhahleh Pute Zu khola Pa- sian kunga lungmuonna damtheina ngetsah ding ahi. 7. Numei khang mang ana kichi - Numeite in koppi pasal anei chieng un. Inndongta apan a potkhie a akoppi a pasal in- dongta a zi leh ta dinga khentannain Anu in thatanman, Apu in Pusum, Azawl pan Zawlsum, Bepan (Sasem) Besum leh Tulpi (Bangkaw) pa’n Bangkuo sum akila a, tuapen Inndong- ta apan a Hahkhietna ahita. 7. ZEHTAN- Zeh ichi chiengin hi leh gau nei, mihing a dia, ase- lam tut theite tanna khu zehtan ahi. Etsahna in : Chillai in Numei in apasal umlou in Muinam netheilou, numei zeh atan ngai. 8. Inn lam ni, Namsietni (Shini) chiengin Pute leh Bete in ann minsa kitawi hi. Tua Bete leh Pute Anntawipen inntehte leh Tanu annhuon manlou a umte in Nitah ann in akingam zel hi. AMENDMENT/SIEMBE DINGA HOlTE 1) Tanute, nidang banga nasep silbawl gentena in mishi chienga Kawtou ahia, sing leh tuipuoh tulai in ajangkhai mama ta a, tuajiehin samal, salieng chite lem deu ahoi diei? • 2) Nidang in Numei in apasal theilou in sum leh bat anei ngaisih a, tulai in numei khenkhat in a pasal theipilou a sum leh pai abat theitah man in custom ah ‘’Numei in a pasal theipilou a sum leh pai leiba thangba anei leh a pasal in maw apawthei sih ding”.

61 HOULIMNA DINGTE 1. Zou tawndan in Innsung khat a nopni/dani thusie/lasie, van- gphat/vangsietna aum chiengin Inndongta in angaituo ahia, himaleh, tulai a Be leh Phung in i ngaituo pen koi zaw dih zaw? 2. Namsietni chienga tawndan dungjui a Pute leh Bete in an atawipen a kitawi nawnsih a, Tawi a hoi maw ? Tawilou ? 3. Mou hahna leh Moulahna pen Inndongta mopuohna hia, tulai a mi tampipi in Mou ha a Mou alahpen i nam adia ahoipen ma ata ama ? 4. Mou kilah chienga Mou late hi in Mou hate kal a puon tampipi kipieh tuona custom pulampen ichi inam adia ahoi tahtah ana ama? 5. Mou hahna a chiel a umte in Silpieh aneite uh, silpieh tanga asum a kipieh hoi zawlou ama? 6. Mou vankente sum kitatsah pen Numei mouthani khu chiem- mui nopna bawl jel ahoi ana ama? 7. Zou Custom a mishi hahkhie Tulpipa hia, bang jieh a Pute thugenna hun kipieh e? Pute hun pesihlei zong Handalni Pu suohni aneisa uh hilou ama? 8. Mishiluong pen phamsa kichi hia, bangdia luongdamsa ichi moh ata diei? 9. Custom a Saphui tunnate in Zubel toh adel uh hinapi tulai a Saphui bangdia kidellou atai? 10. Tawndan kilom tah nei hinapi a bang dia Dansiengthou a kitengten - Midangte Moupuon isilsah sese uh atai? 11. Mou vanken tungtang ah bangchileh i custom a umteng kengin mouthate iha thei diei. Sietna, khatna umleh lah custom dungjui a teng maimai kingaituo thei ding hi ngal a? ......

62 ZO NGAINA LEH TATZIE

By: Rev. Go Cin Laang Hon. Pastor Kalay Zo Baptist Church, Kalaymyo, Myanmar

Minam khat ihi nahleh zuiding ngaina kinei ciet hi. Lei- tung ah minam zui-in hamnam (6000) val om kicihi. Minam zui in “NGAINAle HAM” kinei ciet hi. Kawlgam sungminam (135) a omna sung ah ei “Zo” te zong minam akihal ihi hi. Minam khat ihi mabang in “HAM le NGAINA’’ zong a tuom in inei hi. Tua ngainate aneng atawng in giel vai cilei tam mama ding ahiziehin anamnam in a min iguol ding hi. Akitel zolo dingte atom np in gencienna tawh igiel ding hi. BIEHNA Zote pen “Pusa bie” ihi hi aci pawlkhat om aa pawl khatte in “Dawibie” ihi hi aci zong om hi. Tam thu tawh kizui in enlei Zote in dawi na’m ni i omsah hi. Khatpen eisiem dawi hi a, khatpen eibawl- sie thei dawi ( dawi gilo) ahi hi. Tua ahizieh in biehna piehzie zong atuom tuoh ahi hi. Innsung biehpiehna ah eisiem dawite tung ah damna leh thupha kingen hi. Eisiem pusa nam tampi om aa tuate lah ah (a) Gulpivom siemte, (b) Pheisam siemte pen leitung neisa lam ah hau thei mama hi. (c) Thapuongte siemte pen sa namkim man thei hi ci-in na ki-um hi.. Ahivang in inat isat, igenthei cieng in ‘dawi gilote’n eimat hi’ ci-in gamlam biehna kinei hi.Tua pen thupha ngetna hilo in idam nading aa kitatna hizaw hi. 63 Innsung ‘Pusa biehna’ inei cieng in, “Kapusa kapasa, ka Pasien, kalungzei natai in” ci-in phui kisam hi. Tua ahizieh in ei ‘Zo’ te pen ‘Pusa’ ibieh ban ah eisiem Pasien eisiem dawi aki bieton ahi hi. Phuiteng akisam ciengin: Pasien min, dawi min, Khuovah, Lungzei ( Khuongziing) ciih kammalte nazang uh hi. Tua ahizieh in ’Zo’ te pen Pasien le Lungzei tawh kop aa ‘Pusa’ abieton ihi hi. Biehpiehna ah abulpi in ‘Innsung’ biehna leh ‘Gamlam’ biehna ciih namni in kikhen hi.

(a) INNSUNG BIEHNA Pasien, dawi cite masuon aa thupha akinget cieng in innsung ‘SUT- PI’ zung ah thupha ngen in biehpiehna kibawl hi. Biehpiehna aa kizang ganhingte in (1) Aa (2) Voh (3) Siel ciihbang hi. Amasa in aa tawh kithoi masa aa adamsih leh voh, siel ciihbang in kithoi hi. Siel min kilawna sung ah bawng, kel, lawi ciihte zong siel tang in kizang thei hi. Tua hia innsunglam tawh kisai kithoina in Pu hlagau. Pa hlagau (Pusa Pasa) tungtawn aa Pasien le dawi pomton aa biehna ahi hi.

(b) GAMLAM BIEHNA. 1. Gampi dawi Gampi dawi veite pen amgawp, alei haigawp thei aa, voh khat tawh siempupa in thoi leh damthei hi. 2. Gamtang dawi Gamtang dawiveite pen cithuo, ciliep in ai-am hi. Aa pan in ui, voh te zang inkithoi leh damthei hi. 3. Hisia-Gamnu Veite • Anumeina pei maanlo aa ataina numeite hi. Aa, ui, voh ciihbang zang in kithoi aa damthei hi. Lokhate ( lopa kha) zong kizang thei- zel hi.

64 4. Kausie kengkhaw veite Luo, sungthol in adip na hi. Aa, ui, voh tawh kithoi in damthei hi. • Mit, khut le keng, pumpi ttmg khat popo ah hima pieng hi. Singsie mat kici aa, asing kung ithei leh aphung in kikalh mang aa dam thei hi. 6. Tuidawi veite Acitung hlitol in asithu kaai hi. Aa. ui voh tawh kithoi-in damthei hi. 7. Baangtung dawi veite A gilpuoyh in agong (atawl) ah si pei hi. Uipi vom, uitang vom, khat popo tawh kithoi leh dam thei hi. 8. Bum Ie Ai dawi veite A nahtang na, agilpuoh in agong (atawl) ah ‘si pei hi.Akithoina ah gan hing nam tampi kizangthei hi. Aa, ui,voh,keltamteng kizang thei aa, aphui teng atuom vilvel zang in ‘Bum” kileh aa damthei hi. 9. Khuongai dawi veite Alungzuong,alutangna, alungvai,abilbing thei hi. Aa,ui,voh tawh kithoi in damthei hi. 10. Mitsie dawi veite A mittang san in na hi. Siempupa in ‘Biciem’ leh tui tawh thoi in damthei hi. 11. Suang buoh dawi veite Acithuo,alutang na,asalah na in aphei golh hi. Suongtum sawm pan zakhat cieng khawm in siempupa in thoi leh damthei hi. 12. Silbu dawi veite Agil na,acilphuon buo, adip na, athahui kisat in dinpua thei hi. Siemgat na ciem neu(4)leh bii zam (20) tawh kithoithei hi. Ciem- khat ah bii zam ngata gawm ding aa, mimkhau, mimvom, mimkang tawhkhi-in siempupa in thoi leh damthei hi.

65 13. Ciempi dawi (or) Silbupi dawi veite Agil na,acilphuon buo,adip na, athahui kisat in dinpua thei hi. Siemgat na ciem dawn aa tui hli taahsuh pen akam ah tusah in kivalhsah hi. 14. Lungmul dawi veite Lungmul sutna nuasang nasie in anat leh siempu pan’n amaa phui teng tawh phit leh damthei hi. 15. Gilna damtheilo te Gilna damtheilo te siempu pa’n siingkee haiguoi in phit in phui sam leh damthei hi. 16. Suikap dawi veite Acilah thahgawp,pawmgawp in phuum hi. Huonminsa balkee thum le ciengkang lom thum kipuo aa meitaw suikung khat popo zung ah meitaw in, balem bawlsol aa, “Pute pite ne vuoh. Sing lom thum hing puoh ing ee,ei damsah uou” ciin damna kingen hi. 17. Gundawi, Guolkhen veite Alungzuong,mawgawp,ai-am, mottai thei hi.Dawi lawmnei kicite hi.Aa, voh, uitang te tawh kithoi hi. Tausan kiviel aa akhut veilam ah kibul sah in guolkhen dawi kithoi hi.Tausan kiviel aa akhut veilam ah kibul sah in guolkhen dawi kithoi hi. 18. Liem-ma gulutte Mapi mutna kici hi. Gultuh, khuoide, mom-ai peehte pen siemputen phuiteng tawh mutthei hi. Siempute a om sihleh numeite ‘Pasal neitah ‘kinupieh aa, pasalte ‘Numeite neitah’ kinoi pieh in dam hi. 19. Gampi thoina . Gampi thoina ah maitam kibawl aa vantampi kizang hi.

(i) Lawm tawh kisai (Ziding,Pasalding) Aisannate. (a) Sikhaina,(b) Deihtuoh sanna,(c) Zatep sanna,(d) Vanni sanna,(e) Muol-ai sanna, (f) Khuombaikeng sanna te kizang hi.

66 (ii) Cidamlote tawh kisaiAisam1a (a) Singhal sanna (b) Aatui sanna (c)Aakeng sanna (d) Teilam sanna,(e) Tuta(tutang) sanna. Atung aa teng pen mitampi thei zaw- deuh teng hi aa,adang tampi omlai hi.

KITEENNA Ei ‘Zo’ te pen pilepu, neita thupi sahte ihi zieh in atam pen in anei aa bangin kinunna (kiteenna) kinei thei hi. Zo ngaina ah ‘Neita’ te kiteng hi aa,ngahnu tangval thukim sih nan leh nulepa, pilepu te thukimna tawh kigawm aa, kidei sih phielle zong nulepa,pilepu zataahna tawh thukimang in omton aa, talenau nei-in vuoidong kitul in ‘Kivuoi khum’ vadoi sam hi. 1. Kikhaam kholna Neita(Ni nuazui te) akiteen massang in kikhaam kholna zu- um(zuthawl) kipie hi. Pute kung ah zubel khawnei khat sum in,”Natanu vuh angkhaam hi ung” kici hi. (Ani-in ananu khaam hi.) Hun a sah hunhun cieng un kila thei hi. 2. Molahna Pasal lam pan tulpipa, zaw leh sasempa, tanu taapen zawpi in mo- vakila hi. Tuani in pu tein muonlaana aneileh kamciem (thuciem) a dei bang in piesah thei hi. (Gentena in: Nang khul uhleh sielpi khat ahisihleh sum leh tuaza ciihbang in thuciem bawl thei hi). Mo lahzaw cieng in Pute in innlam suisa ci in voh gaw uhi. 3. Mansun hun Mansun hun ding pen pute nichiem hun leh tute lam pan a lemtan hun hithei hi. Pute kiging khol ding te hi. Mansun ni cieng in pute in ‘tunsa’ gaw kia hi. Tute in ‘man’ dingkiging khol ding aa pute nget zaza pieh kul hi. 4. Moken Pute lampan in atanu uh aken dinguh vante lah ah anei aa teng pello in kihal ding hi. (1) Tunsa, saho

67 (2) Seukhat (Saho puohna hipai hi) (3) Sabengsin (Puonzal khat) (4) Puonken (Puonzal khat) (5)Tukhat (6) Heipi khat NAU MIN PHUONA Nausen suoh aa alaigui kitanzaw cieng in dawi in eilahpieh khava ciin ‘Zu-eh’ ciin amin kipie masa hi.Nausuoni ma in ‘Aadia’ ciin aalui khat kigo aa aaneel kiawsah hi.Naumin phuo hunding pen amin ngadingte deina le hunlem ombang in kiphuo thei hi. Tapa masapente pasal ii pa, tanu masa pente pasal iinu kipie aa, aban ah zilamte kipie hi. Sunghpa le sunghnute ciih bang in min kipie hi.Ei Zote pen tapasal min tawh khang kisimte ihizieh in min phuo ding pen ki thupi sah mama hi. Minvaw cieng in apu apite nasep, hatna leh minthanna zui in, ton leh aih galmat samatte zui in min kila kiphuo hi. GAMLUOVAI Zo ngaina ah ta pasal ‘taazaw’ in gamluo hi. Tua mabang in ta pasal taazawte in nulepate vahi. Tapa neilote asanggam taapen ii tapa in- luoding hi. A unau sungah aluothei ding a om sihleh aban aban in akinai penpen kisui aa tuapa in kiluo sah hi. Gamluo ici cieng in ihnu ihpa neisa zosie hi. Gentena in zampi, thaulawng, innmun logam cite zosie’gamh’ahisih leh ‘gogil’ kici hi. Unau sungah ‘taazaw’ pente in gogil (gamh)te anga mabang in nulepate vaading aa, vuiding hi. TON LEH AIH (A) AIH Aih ici sungpan in gal aih, sa aih cite atuom in igen ding hi. Tam- sung ah ‘Taang aih’ thu igen masa ding hi. Taangaih cipen taang seuza (lOO) pan atung lam alah ciengin ki-ai theipan hi. Taang aih cieng in siel khat go ding hi. A suopi sanggam teng in zong zulehsa tawh huding hi. Atawm pen zukhauvaw(Zubel) khatciet tawh hu ding hi.

68 01. Nimasani (Panpini) Unau teng in zubel sumdinghi. 02. Nini ni Pute leh nuphallamte in zubel sum ding hi. 03. Nithum ni in Tute aa teng kisumding hi.

Ni khat ni (Panpi ni) ‘Taang za-an’ ci-in guolvana kinei hi. Taang thumvei a-aisate beh ‘Tong’theipan hi. (B) TONNA: Torma pen mizepzep bawlthei, bawlzawhhilo hi. Taang thumvei a aisate, suonleten picingsate beh in ‘Ton-khen, tangaih,sa- aih,khuoilaah’ thuozo beh hi. A ziehpen thalehmat,mimza taangza ai zopa in guoltung tuonna limlaha ahi hi. Inop hunhum in zong kitong theilo aa, nauzaw ton hla, taazaw ton hla omlai hi.

Tonna tawh kisai sepziete Khatvei tong pain ‘song’kici khuom kizem khat a leituol- laizang ah phut hi. Niveina tongpa in sing khuomni,thumvei tongpa in singkhuom thum cibangin phut hi.A thumveina khuom pen ‘song khuom khai’ci-in ah kiphut ton hi. Tonna-ah siel,bawrig,lawi akigo zaza khuom khat ta in simin song khuom khatta leh ‘Tonsawl’ kici guopi ‘nubawh’ sawlkhat kiphut hi. Pumpeng phung khat song teng lah ah kiphut ton aa sawl dawn ah ‘Tongpa Tongnu’ aiding in sawlthup(sawllom) lomni kilom ia(kikhi) in ki omsah hi.

(a) Muolzo Muolzo ciih pen panpini in kibawl aa ‘Ton’ ang zo, ang sim zosie khuomuol ah pei in a tongsa, sa ai gal ai, tang ai a thuo zosaten ‘Hanla’ sa uh hi. Teipi, namsau tawi kawm in tawm, zam, dahtal tum in, mipite philkeng loai in lam uh hi. Nupite in zungau hawm aa, abanban in ‘tul’ hi.

69 b) Muol a la kisate i. Sangthu, laltha kuopat hiam maw, simbu taangpat hi e ii. Simbu taang hi ee, Peengpelep lal tha hi ee iii. Ka lal in tang nei tawn, keiman tangtung tawn ing ee. iv. Keiman tangtung tawn ing aw ee. Keiman buon bang nuoisieng ing ee. Ahivang in tong napi aa gallesa aihna tawh athuo zolo te ‘mualzona’ kibawllo hi. (c) Muolpan inn aa vaitunna Tawmpipa makai in phitmut kawm in innlam kizuon aa,tunkot tuncieng in nivei kinuatawn kia aa thumveina ah kilut hi. Leituol kimvel in kilaam aa,numei ten zungau, zupeng tawi in mite ‘tul’ kawikawi hi. Phit mutte leituol ah phitkengpaai in laam uh hi. Aman cieng in khangnote in ‘khangtung’ ah tosa-in Phittum(seem) in,Phitlaamkidem uh hi. Sun thapai in zulesa nehna’n hun kizang hi. (d) Laampisuh ‘Panpini’(Tonkipatni) nitah khuomut zawcieng in ‘Laampisuh’kipan hi. Tanute in ‘kemtung’ ah meila dee hi. Laampisuh lasa dingte tosa in kikuikp aa, azung adawn ah ‘tawm’ khattuoh ‘tawmpi’ni (2) ki- tum in la kisa hi. Ala sah vuh pen: 1. Tonkhuong bawlvai ciin le tuoi ko sawlvai ee. Thangvan aa, zua mang kopgel ko sawlvai ee. u. Thangvan a zua mang kopgel ikola leh. Khulsamnu tuonglam hlah ah tuohciem vai ee. Laampisuh na laamdingte pen khuolgam pan angpeite hita leh abanban in kilaam hi. Alaamdingte pen ‘’Natumom paai oh!” kici in ama ‘phung lapi’ gending aa, kisa sahding hi. Alapi agen theilote kilaamsah lo hi. A laam dingte in apienna gam minthang pen lo in ama le ama kihantawh hi. Gentena in, “Tah kapa tapa! Ngaukhuo- vum nei aa mi kahi: Singhum nei aa mi kahi” ci-in tuolsia in kimin- siel masa photse hi.

70 (e) Vaitunna Laampisuh zawcieng in,mipite honkhat tunkot panglam ah pusuoh aa logam suidan lim kibawl hi. A lasah uh pen: “Gam vazuon tang gam vazuon tang,mimva buolna gam vazuon tang”,ci-in lasa uh hi. Logam suite ang tun cieng in pasal pawlkhat in tunkot nakha uh aa honpai nailo hi. Logam sui (zong)te’n “Kot eihon vuou”cia,angkiko cieng in asunglam aa omte’n “Bangtawh nangtung vuoi?”ci’n dong hi. Vaitung lamte’n “Sumnu tawh ang tung vung ei!,Painu tawh angtung ung ei,Kot eihon vuou”ci-in thumvei akidawn zawcieng un tunkot kihon pan hi. Anglut vuh cieng in inntehnu makai-in nupite liibang in ‘zungau’ khat ciettawi-in ‘zutul’ uh hi. (f) Tumphuol Sia Vaitungte leituol ah viel khat bang anglam zaw tahcieng in aki- taw kholsa tumphuol(meiphuol) sung aa mei-am vum lihleeh pen a keng vuh tawh tuoncil mang uhi. Tangvalte thahat laahna leh kidemna hi. (g) Sungluh Laamkai teng laamkaisa-in angtawntawn in sungluh’ ding in hing kipan leuleu hi. Papute in ‘khuohun zu’ nane vuh hi. Khuohun zu phu masang in heitang khat zubel tung ah ang kikoi masa aa zu- phut, pupipa-in tua heitang tangsuoh pai hi. Laamkai ‘sungluh’ dingte kot angtun cieng in “Kot ei han uou”ci-in thum vei akiko zawcieng in innsunglam a omten “Bangtawh nangtung vuoi?” ci-in dong hi. “Sumnu paainu tawh angtung vung e, Tangza mimza tawh angtung vunge, Tanu tapa tawh angtung vung e, Siel sawm sielza tawh angtung vunge e”,ci-in thumvei akidawn zawcieng in kot kihon in, innsung ah laamkawm in anglut vuh aa zu kiguol dawnsah hi. Innsung lutcieng aa kisa lain. (a) Sunglutve ni sunglutve ni ee, atongte siensung lut veni ee. (b) Atongte siensung i lut aw,ningzu beimaw aisa beimaw ee.

71 (h) Kawlbu (Vaimiimm)bawh sub Sunglu lasah manzaw cieng in innsung ‘baang kam’ aa kikhai ‘kawlbu tum’ pen tangval hatzawdiehte kitom in lutawh kisu aa, agap in kikiesah in kengtawh kituoncil hi. Tampen hauna lahna, nieng, kiningcing chinopna hi. Kawlbutang kieteng tanu tazawnu in luo aa aman tang hi. i) Pusuohna Kawlbu bawh suh ang man zaw cieng in ‘Laamgui’ kaai kia in zu khatvei ciet dinsa in kidawn kia aa, ‘pusuoh la’ sa in innmai lam ah kipusuoh kia hi. A kisa pusuoh lapen: a) Seino tangguol i lungkim ee, the bang tawn ta veni ee. b) The bang tawn tave nio ee, ngabang laam ta veni ee; ci in la sa in kipusuoh aa, kem tung ah laamgui kai in kizanhah hi. (J) Siel kan kidem Panpini in ‘Tonna’ aa kigo ding sieltang naunga neikhat singtawng tawh asilo anang bep ding in kisat naangnaang aa,apiazo nawnlo cieng in tangval ten muikan kidemna, apmaina in zang hi. Ahatten sieltang tung ah phawipi thuopni, thuopthum bang pha-in kanzo vuh hi. Tangvalte hat kidemna, hatna laah na hi. (K) Laamna Toncieng aa kilam, lam namte: 1. Muollaam, 2.Laampi suh, 3. Sagu- ol kengkhai (khawkhai laam),4.Phitlaam,5.Dahlaam leh 6.Laamgui. (I) Ton na Nilaw dan Ton hun ni phaza pen zulehsa akicinna dungzui-in ni tampi (ni sagi dong) kibawl thei hi. Kipatni pen ----,--- Panpi ni Aziingni pen ------Ziingzu ni Nithumni ------Kheleni(A manni,inn hepni hita hi.) (m) Tonna zulesa Hawmdan A kigosa siel,bawng,lawite saphui peidan peen anei aa bang hi.

72 1. A ngawng ------Ngawngpi gutuh pupipa kipie hi. 2. Angum ------Sunghpa kipie hi. 3. Innsung sa------Sanggam zosie nehding in kibil huon hi. 4. Tute in asatanh ngaina vuh ombang in nga vuh hi. (n) Sakawn Atongpa ban ah atong ingpa zong sakawn kipie hi. Sakawn pen tawi kite hileh tawi(4)bang pha ding hi.Atonga a-aisate in agaw leh alup zui in zuhai saba nga uh hi. (o) Khenzu ‘Khen’ icipen saithat,tawthat, galthat te cina hi. ‘Khen ‘ zu aum- dan pen,(1)Gal khenzu,(2) Sai khenzu, (3)Taw khenzu,(4)Zang- sielzu,(5) Vaphuolzu, (6) Vomzu, (7) Ngalzu, (8) Sazazu cibang in zubel khatta kisum hi. Zu hawmna ah thalehmat zui-in zuhai kipie hi. Atha vang in a- aih sih leh zuhai kipie lo hi. ( p) Hanla Hanla ciihpen itha imat, inei ilamna tung aa kiminsielna ahi hi. Hanla sahna-ah ‘Hinmuol ‘ aa kisa hanla leh ‘Si hanla’ ciih namni om hi. Hinmuol akisa hanla 1. Gal hanla; galmat ciengin•kisa thei hi. 2. Saihanla 3. Siel hanla ( Zaangsiel mat cieng in kisa thei hi ) 4. Tawhanla 5. Ngal hanla 6. Vomhanla 7. Cinghpi hanla Ahihangin ‘Ngal’ leh ‘Vom’pen ki ainawnlo aa vaitunni in ‘Tunlup ‘ ci-in zu kisum hi. Hanlate pen anamzui in om ngimngiam hi. Si hanla pen mi asi cieng in a sipa-in vantung khuomuol aa, asah

73 ding cia akihil hia, hanla adawng in kihil sienglo hi. A tawpna teng (mal) khat kihenhi. Hil siengleih ei ahinglai ten tua hanla kisathei nawnlo ahizieh in kihil kim lo hi. Tam pen ‘Phui hin’ ki ci hi.

PAWINAMTE A KHUODO PAWI (1) Losielpieh ( Pawi khuodo) Lopawi zaw aa kibawl ahi ziehin ‘Pawi khuodo’ zong kici hi. Voh khat, aalui khat kigo hi. (a) Voh pen mihingte cidam ludam ngetna, dawihawl kauhawl nading leh guotui hoina ding ngetna hi. (b) Aa pen annkung hoina ding ngetna, minvui tangvui hoina ding ngetna ahi. (c) Khuomuol ah ‘tungman siel’ sawm thum, tungman zam lim khat, khiba khat, zubel ni, thum bang biehpiehna in ki nei hi. (d) Pawi khuodo cieng in ngahnu tangvalte in gamkhau sat in khuogei singdawn sangpen ah bah in luoi daw uh a, la sa kawm in kivei in nuomsa mama uhi. Tuazeih in ‘Luoikhai pawi’ zong kici hi. (e) Ann kahmna ding, ann hla lahna in ;bepi tang’ leh ‘tangmansi’ kihuon in kine hi. (2) Khuodo pawi (An lab pawi) , Anlah zawcieng ginua hun in kibawl hi. Siempupa leh tuon- vaite khuomuol ah zubel khat, aalui san khat tawh pei-in biehpiehna bawl hi. Zubel pen khuozangpi aa thupha ngetna ding ahizieh in innsuonkim ah ki dong hi. Khuomuol aa biehpieh dan pen :- (1) Tungman siel lim (30) (2) Zubel lim (2) adawn ah bizam kisiet (3) Tui luina theipeng ( gualawngneu) khat (4) Khuobuppi aading siel tang (2) tawh khuosiem dawite tungah siempupa in ‘phit in’ thupha ngen in, alim bawlteng tung ah aalui si the hi. Inn sim ah tutang heitang khawmin, lawpi khat sungah koi in an kipie hi. Heipen kuongsung ah koi-in zu kipie hi. Zu lean ki cing heh cina lim hi.

74 B. SIEL KHUPZU NEH Sielkhup ici peri atupa in apu siel kai aa, avapieh pen ‘sielkhup’ kici hi. Siel khawilo ten ahunzui in sielkhat manza sumzong piethei hi. Siel khumpa in zawpa, sasempa, atu taazawpa leh apawlte thum- bang sielkhau puo in zawpi hi. Pute inn atuncieng in pute in zong zawpa, sasempa leh nuau, tu leh ta hlan in ‘Sielkhiehzu’, zu khauvaw khat sum hi. Pute lam in sielkhupzu nehding hun pen ama kicin huncieng lungngai-in ani ahla pievuh hi. Tam sielkhup cipen tute in pute tung aa thupha ngetna ahi hi. Pute in zubel ankuong kiging khol aa, unau sanggam teng zong zasah in zubel kihu vuh hi. Zulehsa akicin cieng in sielkhupzu neding ci ‘n, Pute in tute sagaw in zusum in pawibawl uh hi. Zubel zosie kitaat aa, atuisa in kihawm hi. Tunglarn kuonlam khatlekhat kitul in dawnton uh hi. Sielkhup zuhawm sahawm ngaina atuom in om hi. NGAINA LAAMTE 1. Laamgui: Guolnopna zosie ah kizang hi.A kizang vante: (1) Tawm (2) Zampi (3) Sielki 2. Sa aih gal aih laam : Sa aih gal aih cieng in kilaam hi. Akizang vante, (1) Tawm, (2) Zampi,(3) Sielki, (4) Namsau, (5) Teipi, (6) Lum, (7) Doldeng, (8) Daatang 3. Khawkhai laam 4. Phitkeng khai 5. Dailaam 6. Phit laam 7. Laampi suh 8. Lumsuisia 9. Kuongtung laam

75 ZO NGAINA TANGMITE 1. Thang Ho le Lien Do tangthu 2. Cing Khup le Ngam Bawm tangthu 3. Len Tong Hoi tangthu 4. Phutzil leh Nantal tangthu 5. Man Dawng tangthu 6. Neino tangthu 7. Peng Lam tangthu 8. Gal Ngam le Hangsai tangthu 9. Mau Zuong tangthu 10. Ta zuapa tangthu 11. Maneih Thangdal le Singzasawite uta tangthu 12. Tuoma Ta tangthu 13. Aano tangthu 14. Lamdiil tangthu PUONSIL, KIZEPNA Patate kizepna : (1) Zo songkhol (2) Di’elkaih (3) Puonzal (4) Puonlaisan 5 Aalui gu (6) Kibatang (7) Tangciin (8) Kawngga (9) Puonah Numeite kizepna: (1) Khiba (2) Zo khi (3) Nuong kawngga (4) Kepngeh (5) Khimu (6) Lop (7) Khibapi (8) Kibatang (9) Bilba (10) Taucien (11) Mawza Bilba (12) Sum naang (ngun) kawngga (13) Sakhi lukhu (14) Nihtom (15) Nuongtang (16) Tumtai (17) Aaneel (18) Puondum (19) Khephieu NGAINA VANTE Tum giing vante : (1) Tawm (2) Zampi, (3) Sielki, (4) Daatang, (5) Guosem, (6)‘Luoiliem, (7) Theilee, (8) Kilawng, (9) Dahbu, (10) Nuaisuh dahbu, (11) Phit. LOHLAW VANZAHTE (1) Heipi, (2) Heita, (3) Tupi, (4) Tuta, (5) Nampawng, (6) Namta, (7) Kaangkui, (8) Kol nam, (9)Hahkol, (IO)Kawng, (11) Hieh va- bawng, (12) Seu, (14) Sihsillukhu, (15) Naw(guozuh cieng a ellam akihu), (16) Tawicieng, (17) Lawpi, (18) Pawta, (19) Lawpi, guadal. etc. 76 INNSUNG VANZAHTE Ipu ipate hunlai in sia om nailo ahizieh in, innsung vanzah popo anei na bang in singleguo vive kizanghi. (1) Leel (Thul), (2) Law, (3) Tawi cieng, (4) Lawpi, Guadal, (5) Sang- khup, (6) Pawta, (7)Sihsil, (8) Gaphel, (9) Zubel, (10) Dawn, (11) Dawnkai, (12) Ngau, (13) Hum, (14) Haikeh, (15) Haikhaw, (16) Tuibuh thei, (17)Ankuong, (18) Kuongphel, (19) Malta kuong, (20) Khatei, (21) Suhduh, (22) Tung zum (Voh dawtna), (23) Vohkuong (24) Tuikuong, (25) Ki ankuong, (26) Sum (an suhna), (27) Suh, (28) Meituh, (29) Lee, (30) Patkuong, (31) Pat kapna, (32) Muitung, (33) Muiphei, (34) Vaulawhkoihna , (35) Siem gatna vante, (36) Gaw phah, ciingphah, (37) Zobel, (38) Sabuoi ...... etc. INNSUNG MUN LE AMINTE (1) Tunkot, (2) Leituol (3) Suongciel (4) Kemtung, (5) Khangtung (6) Hlimpha(Hlappha), (7) Innmaikuno, (8) Taado, (9) Sumpha, (10) Sangkil, (11) Bangtung, (12) Kawm, (13) Innmai kot, (14) Vathang (15) Tuongphei, (16) Tapkiil, (17) Tapzaang, (18) Tapsah, (19) Tapsah kuno, (20) Tuonghlang, (21) Tuitun mun, (22) Zaal, (23) Lupnapi, (24) Meipang lupna, (25) Gappi, (26) Khin, (27) Khinleng, (28) Tapkuong (29) Tapkuong zal, (30) Innsia kot, (31) Tawlet, (32) Innmai zal, etc. ZO NGAINA APMAINATE (1) Kaang kap, (2) Tangpiel, (3) Pipeeng, (4) Leplaih ( left/Right) (5) Khamte, (6) Suongbu kap, (7) Natanglai aa vamim , (8) Sanga leh A a, (9) Kibuonna, (10) Sapi kap, ( 11) Kagal aa singsat Koi, (12) Ciengkap, (13) Kaangtei ...... etc.

SIVUIDAN Siko Dan Zomite siicieng inleh sikona in thau kikap hi. Thaungin akizah cieng in khuozang pin’ kidel hi. Nupi zosien sibeng aa, sibeng zosia kaphi. Siphawn zu (laitazu) ci-in zubel khat kisumpaih hi. Zawpa,

77 sasempa leh unaute kikum in sivui hunding ani seeh uh hi. Khuol gamla aa omte pen zaw le sasem ten’ ko hi. SIIH ZU SUMDAN Gal ai, sa ai ngai papi khat asi leh amat a-aih tawh kizui-in zubel kisum hi. (1) Do zu (2) Khen zu (3) Sai zu (4) Sabung zu (5) Taw zu (6) Vomzu (7) Ngal zu (8) Siel zu (9) Vaphuol zu cibang in nam- khatzubel khat kisum hi. Zutui hun ding tawh kituoh in sivui niding kise hi. Siluong pen kuong ah kikoih hi.

SIIHDIEL KHAIDAN Sa minthang athatte asi cieng in tute in ‘Sadiel’ khaipai uh hi. (1) Sai diel - Avai pii niih, adung pii guh pha dielkang khat guapi pum dawm ah khai hi. (2) Taw diel - Avai pii niih, adung pii thum apha dielsan khat kikhai hi. (3) Sabung diel- Avai pii niih, adung pii thum apha dielvom khat kikhai hi. ( Cingpi thatte aading hi.) (4) Taang aih diel-Taang khatvei a aih leh Phingpheh ki phan avai pii niih, adung pii Iii apha diel khatta kikhai pai hi. DIEL NGALO SAMATTE (1) Gal mante : Sawntelsan, khapkhat asau khat aaguol sawm nel kivielna lah ah kisiet hi. (2) Zangsiel : Vaphuol gie khat aagie sawm luoiviel ah kisiet hi. (3) Vaphuol : Vaphuol sie sau khatma kizang aa, aagie sawm luoi viel ah kisiet hi. (4) Ngaltang : ‘Sawmtel san pimpem’ alom zungni tanpha khat aagie sawm luoiviel ah kisiet hi. Sikibuol Asi beeh in kisil sieng pai aa a puon gawlteng kisilsah in ‘pangli’ ah kitung (kitosah) hi.

78 Sivui Si kivui masang ni khat ni pen ‘Langkhen’ kici-in, beehlephung lapite sa in kizanhah hi. Azing cieng in si pusuo la sa in ‘lang’ kici misi tona ding a kibawl tung ah kitosah aa ‘Taangciin’ puonzal kikhu hi. Alutung a ‘Tuhpal’ kituonsah hi. Pangli = Misi a kivui masang innsung aa, ato nading guo kibawl hi. Lang = Ato nading singpeh kibawl aa, alap nading leh azepnate guopum, gua, etc. matawh kibawl hi. ‘Pangli, Lang’te zong abawlzie atuom in om hi. Akivui ding nicieng in ‘kawsa’ ci-in sa kigo hi. Nitaahlam in misi kilam hi. Lasate in misi ‘Lang’ kimvel in laam in, misipa, misinu tawh kisai ta:te, anamnam in sa uh hi. Akivuiding cieng in siluong leiah kinga suh aa, misi pa ‘Han la’ kihil hi. Tua laitah in tu tazawte in haikeh ah tui tawi aa ‘Hanla’ hilsung in, tui hli khat khat in taasah hi. Hanla hil aki manzaw cieng in innteh nu-in siluong tung ah ahai tawkeh hi. SI MINLAWNA Tuazawcieng in Pu ‘Zo” minpan in kilo suh aa misipa, misinu te innkuon sung asisa min teng abanban in kilo aa nadawnciet ta un ciin kivaihlah hi. LAPISAHNA Lang khetni zan le azingni sun aa nivei kisa lapi pen aphung min tahtah ciet uh atheitel nading vuh hi aa, abeeh aphung lapi cietma tawh kivai hlah hi.

HANLA SAHNA Misisa hlate in Pulepa hlagau cientah aa akhenthei nading deina hi. ‘Haikeek’ kitawh keeh napen ‘Hanla’muol ah nasa teitei in cia ciempiehna a hi hi. Tuaban ah, ‘Sina atawpna, man atawpna hita- heh.Nang le ko kizopna om nawnlo hi. Ang kinuahei nawnsin, ih kikhen kekna hi’cia vaihlahna hi.

79 LEI SUNGA PHUMNA Leisung aa siluong akikoi suhcieng in mihingte hla zong kivui hai- kha theihi ciin ipu ipate in upna nei uh hi. Tuahia ahing hla laah nading in ‘Naangzam’ khat misi kuotung ah kisietsuh in, ahing hla lading pain among ah tu hi. Lei avua zawh cieng in. “Hla hingpei oh! Hla angpei oh! Mesi ‘n nang buoh va,leikha tan- aiin nang saiso vateh, kakhuo katui hla hingpei oh!”ci-in naangzam dohto hi. Tua laitah in thau om zaza kikap in mi si vui na manta hi. A zingni pen ‘Handal’ ni kici hi.

ZOTE KHUOHIN ZIE (SOCIAL LIFE) Zo te pen minam pi ahi na tawh ki zui in thu khuol te a hi hi. A nei a thu teen lei zo te luhin, khuasah zie ki mu thei hi. (a) Mim tang phat bat taang tang phal bat te hi. (b) Sagual keng khai tawh lamte ahi hi. (c) Inn lam ding khat a op leh khua zang a kihu an ki tawi tea hi hi. (d) Lo hlaw lei a op leh a ki hu te hi. (e) Misi khat a op ciang a khua zang a si kidel ki kah hu te hi. (f) Mi nam ki cian Ngai na ki cian nei te hi. (g) Hen tat kol put tuoh a op ciang a ki hu ki thuoh pi ngam te hi. (h) Vom kap liam zui ki nuo sie lo te hi (i) Citah na thuman na dei te vaphuallim Zo te ahi pha deu hi. G) Zi zon ta zon zong ngai naoma, min phuo zong ki maw phuo lo hi. (k) Lai thei lo hang mual suong ah sep na gual zaw nate lim suai . Thupen la le phui samna tawh ciem te ahi.

80 THU KHUPNA: “ ZO “te peen kumpi gam ni, ahi kawlgam (Myanmar) le India gam ah ki om a, sim leh mal a ki theh thang ih hi zieh in kam ham - aw- suo - tan zie anengneng aki lamdang om ding hi. K.huo veng khat na ngawn kilam dan na om thei hi. Hi ta rna leh minampi ih hi na mang ngillo in ih Ngaina leh Tatzie te tu kip vai. Tu a bang a sah le hlang lungsim gawm ton a, lai le kam ham vai hawm nate ih et ciang mite sim maw zako napan in Zo suan tate Pasien in ei lam sang nuam ta hi ci kimu thei hi. Mascus Jullius Cicein BC 30 in “laibu ki koi lona inn in hin nanei lo misiluong tawh ki bang hi”ci. Mipil Horace Mann in zong “lai bu om lo na inn in kot vang neilo tawh ki bang hi”ci hi. Tu ni aki pan ih thei ih siem na ciet kum vai. Akhat vei na kam ham le lai tlm ki kupna ( Seminar) a hi ng pei teng le zo suan tate a ding inkal ......

81 ZO NGAINATE By :Revd. Ai Lien Mang Yangon

Tuan a ih Pu ih Pate in, tuili kensang haw sang, singpi suangpite na bie kawi vuh a, innmun lou gam singhawm suang hawm, a ginhuai, a lipkhap huai a tua khah poupou te vuh ana bie kawikawi vuh hi. Hangnel dawi, Gundawi, Saitah dawi, Hausapi dawi, vohtang’ dawi cibang dan in, dawi nam sawmthum val bang ana bie vuh hi. Tua- ban ah innsung dawi ci in zong, Pusa ana bie vuh hi Tami Pasa pen Mongolia gam ana op lai vuh Thampi hawm kici khat pen Musol- man ten’ a bie ding a, ana sawl hun lai in ih Pu te in Pusa na bie zou vuh hi ki ci hi.

UNAU SANGGAM TAHPI HAM Kl BANG LOU lh Pu ih pa te,Khamtung gam Ciim Nuai khua ana tun ma sang vuh,Kawl zanglei,a na ten lai vun,Tuni ei haw ham ih Zo ham tawh ana ham vuh hi. Ciim Nuai khua a na ten lai vun zong,Zo ham tawh a na ham vuh hi.Hun khat ciengin,Pu Song Za,Pu Za Mang,Pu Mang Em,Pu Tai thul,a suan a hah te vuh,Khua khat ah na om ton nawn lou in,Nikhat,ni nii,ni tam pi ki pei na,mual-le-guam tampi ei hal na mun khuate ah,na lal in na teng vuh ahizieh in, ih ham leh ih gam tat na te vuh hing ki bang nawn lou hi. A kim a pam vua mi dang te ham leh zu-le-va ham te zui a,ih kam te vuh leh ih aw sua dan te vuh kikhel hi va ci-in ki um maw hi. PUSA BIEHNA (a) Tang bang dam ding,ih dei man in, Sien sung tung kung) bieh a ngai aw. (b} Sien sung tul kung, ih bieh ban a, zin aw ci mal, bang ih kou, keu a ning hai, tui ih lei sawnsawn.

82 Pusa ih ci cieng in dawi ci na hi lou hi.A sisa ih pu ih pa te hagau a na cinop na ahi hi. A sisa, ih Pu leh pate hagau in nopsahna, cidam- na, khansauna, damsawtna, gual zawlna te ei pie ta vuh heh cie ngen a, ginna, tahsanna, lamet na tawh a ki bie ahi hi. Sa khat poupou a ki gaw cieng in zong,Saphui te lah ah a tuituah zaw deuh teng, a kilem zaw cieng in, khuahung sutpi leh, Tawsah khuamzung ah ki koi hi. Adeina ah, a Si sa ih Pu ih pa te,hagau te neh ding a kilui ahi hi. Tuabang .a,a neh zieh vun,ei sa gou te tung ah lung dam vuh leh ih bawl khat poupou ah ih dau pei hi ci nop na a hi hi.

SUMTAWNG BIEH NA Tami sumtawng biehna pen, sum phua biehna ci-in Zo minamte in,ih za ngai kha ding vuh hi. Zo kam ham te in kibie kha lou hileh unau Tedim kamhamte (or) Sim kamham te in,lim zat mama vuh hi.Thang Hou-le-Lien Dou te hun a hing ki pan ahi na bou hi.

SUNGSA- BESA, Pusa biehna {or} dawi thoi nasa khat poupou a ki gaw cie.ng in, a sa- tahdang teng pen sagou pan’sung sa aki ci, ci tuam vil vel a ki Ia te lou buang, mituam te piethei a, sungsa pen, innkuan khat, bekhat te beh in neton thei vuh hi. Sungsa te ki huon aa min cieng in,sat.ahding in ci in,a tuituah kim khat te ki tuam lah in,Pusate ding ci-in,sutpi zung ah ki koi hi. Tuazawcieng in a dang sungsa teng sagou pa i innkuan- pi a beteng in, neton vuh hi. Sa tampi val nanlezong,innpulam ah ki tawi thei lou hi. Sa a tawp masangsie,innteh te inn ma ah kine hi.Kam khua lou in innmai ah kipusuah thei lou hi. TUI BUAH DAN (HINSA} Gan khat poupou a kigaw cieng in, Tulpipa (or) Tuisienghai tawi{Haitawi) te in,a ma phuisam nop teng a phuisam zaw cieng in,a ki gou gan zietlam tui na buaha,tuazawciengin gan ki gou thei pan hi.

83 Si na tungtang a ki gou ahi leh,a ki gou ding ganhing ii vei lam tui a na buah zaw cieng in,gan ki gou thei pan hi. Tulpi ki ci pen Teipum cie a phasia tawn khat ahia,Ton-le han,Nopna dana mun a,ganlie’n te kigaw ding cieng a,zat lou a pha maw ahi hi.Tu/pipa in,a tulpi va tawi in,a ki gou pen pen gan va sun hi. Tulpipa khua tuam a ten leh zong,a tulhiempi tawh siel (gan) sun ding a, ki han sah vawt ahi hi. A sun ding a kilawm tulpi pa in, a ki gou pen pen gan hing sun kha lou a, mi tuam in a sut leh a sun pa leh a innteh ten’, ham siet law tou tou thei lai hi ki ci hi.Tuazieh a ei Zo minam ten, Tulpi, hai tawi ih ci te ki thupisah mama ahihi. lnn a kilam cieng in, sutpi a, kiphut ding singgil te, leitual a kiphut ton song te,gam lah pan in inntual a kitut cieng a hizong in, dolciel te gam sung pan, inntual a kitut cieng in,Tulpipazi (Tulpinu in, lnntual lai zang tah ah, na phuisam in taite(or} Tuisieng na ki buahna ki the sah tehteh hi. Tuaziehin Taithul te Pu Tawng Khua Lien {Phaitu} in tam bang in Ia na phua hi. (a) Tuan a ih Pu ih Pa ten zong, ei siem Sien Mang mel thei lou in- mual dawn len sesing thang lain, siensung tul kung na zut zut ta ee. (b) Sien sung tul kung na zut zut ta, Pi Sei tun nun’ zong, ziet suan dia kuang, tui na lei sawn sawn.

LAPITE Lapi ih ci cieng in; bekhat phungkhat, namkhat ciet in, Lapi ki nei ciet a hi hi. Tua lapi te ei ma hun ciet a ki sa a hi hi. Mi lapi pen ki sah pieh thei lou hi.l Ih be ih phung sung a, ih U leh nau khat ang si cieng a, ki sa a hi hi. Mi khat a si cieng in, inn sung a misi luang, a op lai tah a, Lapi sah lou a pha maw ahi hi. Tuamabang in lapi pen si na lou buang ah, ki sa louhi. Ih Pu ih Pa te phuasa Lapi te, a ngai a, in ngai ta sih zong in, ki khel thei lou a, ki be lap thei lou hi. A gentena : ---- Hang Hil, Milun a te a si cieng in, . (a) Ami lun lai hong pai ta ee, thang van a,tuang lam dawn aw. (b) Thang van a tuang lam dawn aw ee,Luan khi tawh zin bang hang’ ee.

84 LAKHEN La hen ih cite pen phung khat in, khat ciet ma a kinei a hi hi.Phungkhat sung ah mi khat a si cieng in, a hun tawh ki tuah in, ei ma lapi ciet ki sa a hi hi. Tua bang ami a si cieng in, a ki inn the sah zaw deuh te,kimin siel in, leh tha ih gaw teng nama suan in, si in vai hah na, na ki bawl hi. Tuazaw cieng in mi si pen innsung lam ki hei kie in la khen a kisah ma sang;,twabang main ki nga sah den hi. Lakhen a kisah cieng in, innsung lam nga a om pen, innmai lam ki nga sah kia in, lei tual ki tung hi.Lei tual a tun cieng in, Sai ia; siella ci bang teng kisa hi.Tawm tawi pan’ tawm khieh cieng in, kinua tawn a, la kitha ma sang sie misi lamte, ki kun ciet hi. (a) Sim lei thang van a kai aw ee, a pham maw mi, om lou ee. (b) A pham maw mi om lou aw ee, tung a al sip ham maw ee.

HAN LA Mi khat a si cieng in Lapi La khen te a ki sah ban ah, a ki vui kuan cieng zong lasah ding zousie a ki sah zaw cieng in, Hanla ki ci pen ih tanu tazaw pen in sa hi. A dei na ah tu a kang sah ih Pu leh Pa te han la pen, misi khua Pu Mual Pa Mual na tun cieng in, na sa la cin, a sisa ih pu ih pa te hagau tena lapi vuh, a ki sah a zah cieng vun, ih be leh phung te ih khua ah, hing tung ta ci-in, ang no dawn ding vuh hi cinopna deina hi pen hi. Pasal te asi cieng in, ih Pu leh pate hagauten’ na dawn vuh a, Numei te a si cieng in ih pi te, numei lam, a nu guallam te, hagau te in misi khua mual ah, na dawn vuh hi ci- in, ih sizaw nua lam ih hagau tawh ki sai tam bang in up na,na ki nei hi.

MI 51 TE KAM NA KlVAIHAH Tam bang teng tawh man nai lou in,misi kua tual zang,misi te bil kawm ah, Ih Pu lh pa han la, pienna menna,ih khanggui leh thei lou a pha maw,ih be ih phung tawh ki sai, ih tang thu te, na ki sut in,na ki vai hah suh suh hi. Ih Pu ih pa te in lai,a na thei lou vang vun,mi si op cieng in,ih khang tangthu te vuh, ih pienna ih menna te,na sut

85 den vuh ahi zieh in,tang thu,khang thu te;pienna menna te,na ki kem suh suh a,lai ang pien ni dong, Zo lai ang pien hun dong, tam bang dan tawh thu-le-la te,a na ki kem a hi hi. Misite kama vai hah cieng vun, a gen khiel te, ci dam lou a hizieh in, a khiellou na ding in, a na kidawm mama vuh hi.

TONTHU Ton-le-han,sa ai,tang ai ih cite pen mizousie bawl mai mai thei ahisih a,a ol mama lou khat a hi hi.Mikhat a Ton ding cieng in,nahpitah a kigin masah ding a ngai hi.Tonna hanna ah,a tong pain,a khan lai a,gamsa atha amat teng,leh khawi -le-vul a gaw zou sie tawh ki zui in,zuhai saba bang za ki sam ding cia,ki vai hawm ahi hi.Gamsa a tam tha leh sungsa zong ki tam bawl pai in,gamsa a tawm tha leh sungsa leh zuhai saba zong ki tawm bawl pai hi.Gamsa tha le-mat a nei loute,siel khat beh tawh tong ahi leh,siel sungsa beh ki bawl hi.Tonpi ni,zing anneh zaw tahciengin,khuazang pin’,a tong pa inn ah tonpi zou ding in kihaw ciet hi.Leitual tonsong a, ki hel khin khien, Siel ki gou ding pen,a apmai pi nuam nuam in,ki apmaipi hi.Sing tawh a sat nuam in sat ci bang hi. Siel ki sat sat in ang pua,tah tah cieng in,a kituhthei lou na ding, a pia thei nawn lou na ding in,a keng te khau tawh ki khi cip hi.Tulpinu in,azietlam tuisieng hai ki buah sah hi.Song-le-sial kim kot in lei tual ah,a tawm pen pen vielthum kimkot in, phitkengpai in ki lam hi.Tam bang teng aki bawl zaw cieng in,Sa gou pawl in sa gou in sasem vuh a, zu ne pawl in la zu ne ci bang in, ki om hi.

LAMPI SUH Nitah khua ang miel cieng in, ciel tung ah lampisuding ki ci in,mini in tawm ki tawi sah hi.Tawmpi tawi khat pa,ciel mong ah tou in, tawmpi tawi khat pa leu leu, Bihanei tah ah tou in,kigalsai tuah gel in ki maingatuah gel hi.A mani ki kal ah mi dang te, agual in,sah-le- ha’ng ah ki mai ngat in tou vuh hi.Twazaw cieng in lampisuh lasah ki pan ta hi. Lampisuh Ia sah hun sung in,a lam nuam te in,a ma

86 be-le-phung Ia pi hil a, ama phung lampila a ki sah lai tah in,a ma lam hi.

Gentena:- Lienzaw te khat a lam leh a hil ding late in: (a) Hem lam nam tem zun ing ee, ka kawl cieng zun tang,zang mang sau suan daw tung ah tui bang lang’. (b) Zang mang sau suan daw tung ah,tui bang lang’,dai kieng phui gua bang ka suan,taang bang vuang’. (a) Lien tawi tang pa sunni bang sat laitah in,nam ci vai phei’leng khau bang kai nan nei. (b) Nam ci vai phei’ leng khau bang kai nan nei,se sum sawm siel gui in cing, sah ngawn ing. PAAPE, MILUN te a lam leh (a) Zang tual tui-dawn,zang sang mang hing zoutou,sumtual siel- bang, kakigaw va zuau ee, (b) Tung leng si mun’thang van lam kil in nei, gil bu albang, kakigaw va zuau ee. Lampisuh la dawng 20 bang a kisah zaw cieng in, Dapa ton la kisa hi. (a) Dawlluang hei maw bualluang ee,satha lam kai dawllang ee. (b) Sa tha lam kai dawlluang ee,a mi va te,dawllang’ ee.

NGAISUT HUAI THU Tuan a ih Pu te ih pa te in, Ngal tang butousuan, kawl-le-ken sang vum a pou, singkung sang dawn a, butom a om, hanha giele ci dan te tawh a zi a ta te leh damlou te dawi ana thoi vuh hi. Tuaban ah zang tual pan a,khamtung a hing ka tou,zang siel te,bum-le-ai pilna tawh na zou in,lungmaw sah vuh a,inntual zang ah,cina dam lou te kithoina in,ana gou vuh hi.Twaban ah vanthamzawl a lam, tungleng muvanlai te zong,tual pan in, bum-le-ai tawh na zou vuh a, khut tawh man in,sutpi zung ah cina damna ding in kithoina in,a na gou 87 vuh hi.Tuan a,ih Pu leh Pate in tambang pil na te,koi tung pan a,ana nga vuh a diei,lam dang sah huai hi. Tulai cieng in tam bang pilna nei mi, ei Zo sung ah om nawn lou hi.

TUAL TUNG A tong te inn ah ih gensa vai zousie a ki bawl zaw cieng in,Tualtung ciin khuapi te inn khat poupou ah, ki pei mawh in zu bel khat ki ne hi.Tuabang hunsung in ngumzu ciin,a tong te inn ah ci tanu ten zu na tattat hi. Tuazawcieng in Tualtung bawl te hing pei kia vuh hi.Tunkot ang tun cieng in,tanuten zu tawh na dawn vuh hi. Tua- bang a tualtung bawl te ang tun cieng in kot ki hon naipai lou in,lnn a na om Pasalten vaphual ha khatciet na tuan vuh hi.Tunkotpi sunglam pan in,bang tawh nang tung ei? Bang tawh nang tung ei? ci-in na dong vuh hi.Tuabang a,a dot cieng vun,Tualtung pawl in, cidam tawh sum-le-siel tawh,tanu tapa tawh mimza tangza tawh hing tung ing ei! kot ei hon ou a cici zaw cieng in, kot ki hon pan hi.Kot ki hon zaw cieng in,tumphualpi kisia mit hi. lam gui ki pan in lam gui ki kai hi.Hunphabeppi khat sung lung kimhuai tah a,lam gui a ki kai zaw cieng in,Sunglu ki bawl hi. Ci nop na ah a zan lam te in, lnntehte tung a,zu bel nget be kia vuh ahi lel hi.Tuapen Sunglu na ki ci ahi hi.Sunglu a ki bawl cieng in lamguikai te innsung lam ah kikhin phei phei vuh a,tawn phei phei vuh a,innsung tuangphei lai a lamgui va ki kai ta ahi hi.Tam bang a Sunglu a ki bawl cieng in, Tambang la te a ki sa hi. (a) Sunglu ve ni,sunglu ve ni ee,a tong te sien,sunglu ve ni ee. (b) A tong te sien Sunglu ve ni ee, ningzu nuam ai sa nuam ee. (a) Zu ih tawi,zu ih tawi aw ee, a tong te zu,ih tawi aw. (b) Ning zu tawi lou,na hi leh aw,tapkuang sau suang ning aw ee. Inn teh ten’ a lam te nehding ,zu hitaleh ganta hi ta leh bang khat poupou ang pieh cieng in,ki lung dam ahiziehin tami Ia te lei sa hi. (a) Se lung tai ee,seinou tang gual the bang’ tawn ta ve ni ee. (b) The bang tawn ta ve ni ee,nga bang lam ta ve ni ee. ci-in lasah pumpum ma in innmai lam ah ki pusuah kia hi. Zan

88 tawntung lamgui ki kai in la tuamtuam te zong ki sa hi. Zan hing sawt semsem in khua va kuan ak ang khuan cieng in, (a) Tai khua val ding mual nun nuam vul khi dam sem,ih tun khuai bang, hang va lawm,hang va lawm aw ee. (b) lh tun khuai bang a han leh lawm aw,nang ma sen lai,nang ma ai ki thei aw,ci ni ee tun leh zua aw ee. ci-in, a ngai theithei ding leh a ging theithei ding in siem tawp sua in la ki sa hi. Tuazaw cieng in khua hing va ta hi. Zingsa-le-zingzu ileh hun ang tun cieng in (a) lh vang khua ah,siel leh sawm tang ih thoh nin’, thei sen tang gual,va ning neh bang,ki le le . (b) Ning zu a lun, lai tahin mi cin in bawm ee, kua suang a pallai tah in, va cin in bawm, ngai aw ee. Zingzu zingsa kineh zou cieng in khawkhai bawl hun hing tung ta hi. Khaw khai a ki pat citno pen Sagual te ki et tea hing ki pan ahi hi.Khawkhai bawl cieng in ih zietlam keng ni vei ki pai a, ih vei lam keng ih khai leh kihei ki tuah ahi hi. Tua ih kihei leh ni vei ih kinuh- ki tuah ding a ki bawl a hi hi. Kinuh ding ci cieng in, ki pum nuh mawh hi lou in khupsu dan tawh kinuh ding ci na a hihi.Tami khawkhai lam ih ci pen sagual te tung pan a na ki la khie a hi dung zui in Zo mite a ding in akhiet na nei mama ahihi. (a)Ka khaw khai mai tang’ ee gual sa nou bang ka khaw khai mai tang ‘ee citah cieng ln Zang sagual honpi a ki aw pet put a,lam a pei cieng vun,a gol pen in makai a khat leh khat pilvang tah a ki nuazui vuh ahi.Lamkal ah zau huai na,lung himawna khat poupou a makai pa vun a nei cieng in ngut ci-in ham a a keng vei lam a khai cieng in a nua sang a sagual dang teng in zong a ki.tuah in keng khai poi vuh hi.A tai leh zong a unpivun tai khat pai vuh hi.Ci nop na ah lei tung a mi nam tuamtuam te aw, Kou Zo minam kicite pen lamkai khat nua a kizui aki thuman dim diem te ka hi vuh hi ci etsahna ahi hi. (b) Ka giel mang lou lai ee, gual sa nou bang ka giel mang lou lai ee. Sagual ta te a neu lai in pawl ditdet a, a gol cieng in vohpi ma hing suah tou hi.A mel hing ki khelkhel hi. Hinanlezong ei Zo minam te pen, mi citahnam, zi-le-ta zonna lam ami citah nam te, kam ciem a

89 kip te, lung sim ngaisut na te tung a,ki khule pelpol te ka hi sih vuh hi. Kipum khatna lung sim a neite,tuikhat a,a luang ton te,lawng khat bang a ging,minam te ka hi vuh hi.cia sagual dehna na ki nei ahihi.Khawkhai lam thum . vei bang a kibawl zaw cieng in,ni zong hingnai kia ta a hi zieh in,lam gui kai ki pan kia hi.Tami late ki sa hi. (a) Sun ni tum kuancieu gal diep sil sel, Zo lei lawh tan ee sun kim gual awi ee. (b) Sun kim gual awi ee, ei zong gual ngaiei zong gual ngai ih law nan, lawm aw san lawm aw, san sa ngai ing aw ee ci-in la patcilna in ki nei hi.

IH ZUNG PA lh Pu lh pa te lai in, (lh zungpa), ih tulpipa ih cite pen ana ki zatat mama ahi hi.Tuamabang in a ma haitawi na sung ah,Lu-le-mal a na kikai a hi hi.Sazuh sakhi,saipi dong ih tha leh alu bing tan in ih zung pa na ki pie hi.Siel ih gaw cieng in,a mal zietlam ih zaw pa leh ih sasem pan, hawm gel a,a amal veilam, ih zung pa vuh na ki pie hi. 1948 kum a ki pan in,lu-le mal kainate’ki om sah nawn lou hinanle U nau ki it na et sah na tawh,a luhawm a piepie zong ki om lai ve ve hi.

PHUTUA (HANKHIEH} Mikhat a si cieng in,khua sung a,a sanggam te hitaleh khual gam a,a sanggam te hi ta leh,sazuh,sa khi vompi ngal tang,humpi, sai pi ih ci te, a tha cieng vun misinu, misipa phaw den na, ngilmaw na in, mi site na ki pie hi. Tua bang a, na ki pie pie te,na ki khol khol in kum thum a cin cieng in,a melthei zousie in zu tawi ana kine pen,phutua (or) Hankhieh na ki ci hi. Phutua la te : (a)Gam leng khi sa thong sa zuh.siel ngal pa thang, muai vom hang khua mual ka sua tei ee.- (b) Muai vom hang khuamual ka sua han, zei ka tawi a,tun inzong ning,bel a gual,si bang a nui ee. 90 (a) Si aw zuang thou aw, le na mawng ee, phu lien ka tun ee. (b) Ee lena mawng ee, phu lien ka tun ee, laukha zu bang na tai aw.(Phutua hanla hi.) (a) Kul sin muong sa ngai zuang thou aw, pal ih law sang mang thou hi ee, nang a ding a,ning thawl ki tawi aw. (b) Nang a ding a ning thawl ki tawi, khua mual nen ah tuh lu han sam na ziel pi ding in,nang a ding in pal nun ki bawl ee.

SIELKHUP Siel khup ih ci cieng in,thu pha sui na ahi hi. Pu zawng tu in phonga,tu zawng zong pu in phong hi a na ki ci bang in,khat leh khat thu pha ki nget na ahi hi. Ih pa lam te hi ta leh ih Pu lam te hi ta leh,Sum ahisihleh van gil man pha leh ganta khat poupou ki khum thei hi.Tambang a ih Pu te siel ih va khup cieng in,ih pu te lamin zong,lung damthuh kiana in,gan gou a, zu sum nate a bawl kia na pen,siel khum ki ci hi.Tambang a siel khup na te a ki bawl hun cieng in,khua sung a hieng-le-san te in zong a tawi zou zou za vuh zu tawi-in,lung dam pi thei vuh hi.

SIEL KHUP LA : (a) Se sum leh sang,ken ka ngai ee, laizom lie ten siel ei khum ve vua,siel ei khum ve vua. (b) Lai zom lie ten siel ei khum ve vua, ngai tawh ka dam lai in lam nang ee, lai in lam nang ee. (a) Lien von tawi te,phun nuam lai phung lun lai ah, sen lai pe bang ka zil nai maw kei hing lam ta di vawng aw ee. (b) Kei hing lam ta di vawng aw ee, maimit suan miel, mui khua zin nou tawh, tul kuan zei tha, ka ham nai maw, kei hing lam ta di vawng aw ee.

KIMUL VUNA lh mang a siet cieng a, ki mul vu na ki bawl ahi hi. Sun ni tang hun sung in ki bawl ngai lo hi. lnntehnu-inntehpa’n, a mang vuh a siet

91 cieng in a inn vengte za sah kawi kawi in, ama nei bangbang zusum in sa gou hi. Tua a sagaw ii mei pen, a inn kuan tan kim ding in, a tanu ten bawl a, tulpipa ahisihleh siempupa in Nelpi ki ci tawh phit in a gan meite, khat ciet aw sah hi. A kiphitna zu zong innkuan te, mimal khat ciet dawn sah kim lai hi. A dei na pen, tami ganta mei zam ‘tampi phaza bang in, na dam kum hing tam ta heh. Kum tam pi, kum sawtpi leitung ah na hing in ci nopna ahi hi.

KIMULVU CIENG A KI SA LA TE : (a) Tangbang dam ding ka dei zieh in, Thangvan a te mal zin bang kou, phuai in sem bu al phai in sem. (b) (a) Simlei kul vu laukha ka zawlna, phui guophung pha lei dawn ah, laukha hing luai aw, lau kha hing luai aw. (b) Laukha hing luai aw, lou tual pat puan nel bawl in, sien sung hing tum aw, sien sung hing tum aw. (a) Zalmang sie ee, laukha zuang ee, phung cin in khuang bang khou ee. (b) Phung teng ban zal, gilbu al nel a zap, tui bang sieng hen aw.

SUMTAWNG BIEHNA Tami sumtawng biehna pen ei Zo ham a zangte in kinei lou hi. Ih Unau Simte, Tedim kam hamte in nei vuh hi. Thang Hou leh Lien Dou te U nau tung pan a hing kipan khie hi na bou hi. Ang kipat khiet dan pen tam bang ahi hi. Hawm bang vai a, tang a lu baw a hi, Thang Hou leh Lien Do te U nau, gilkiel dangta pumpum a, lou ma lai a pan laitah gel in, mupi khat in gul pi khat van lilai a, a taw, a mu gel hi. Ka tung ua leng mupi aw, na tawi pen ei khieh suh ta ven ci-in, a ngen ge1 hi kici hi. Tuacieng in mupi in zong a gul mat pen, a ma sang gel loulai ah, a khieh suh pai mel hi. A U ta vun, gulpi a tung gel a, louma a tut zaw cieng gel a, huan ding in a buh sung uah a koi gel mel hi. Louma a tut zaw cieng gel in gulsa huon ding in, a buh vuah apei gelleh, a gulpi na taimang a hiziehin, na om nawn lou 92 hi. Zanlai a mang sung gel ah, nupi khat in nouni Uta om sih gel la cin, kei a siding ka hi hi. Nouni ei hutdamna tawh kei suahta kha ka hi hi. Lung himaw sih gel in, na lou lai leh na khawi na vul uh ganta te tung ah thupha pie in kang gualzawl ding hi. Kumsiel gan nagaw siel siel un, na sumphua vuh, na sum tawng uah, ei bie den vun cia, a na vaihahna dung zui-in a na bawl den vuh hi. Tambang dan in sum tawng biehna hing pieng khie hi.

IH SIEMPHUI TENGTE Tanglai ih Pu ih pate siemphui teng te, a siemphui sam dante vuh, tulai theologian mipilten a ngaisut cieng vun ei Zo minamte pen, Israel phung 12 te lah a ih kihalna thu hing mu khie ta vuh hi. Laisiengthou sung ah zong cientah in na om hi.

PHUISAMNA SIEMPHUITENG TE Ei tawh a kinai deudeu, A lamdang sah huai Pasien silsiem thupi tah khat in ahi le, tanglai Zo lai ih nei ma sang lai a, ki pan in, Zo sung a siempu te in siem a thoina, a bumle na kam teng te leh a siem phuite vuah Manmasing kici kammal khat pen ana lim zat mama vuh hi, Siempu te in siemphui a sam cieng vun, khuaimu ham dan a ham vuh ahi bou a, a siemphui teng law te vuh mizah khiet ding, mithei ding ci te, a na phal sih vuh hi. Tami kammal tawh dawi te na del mang vuh a, dam lou tampite dam nga thei na ding in, tanglai ih Zo siemphui sung vuah, Manmasing kammal na kizang den hi Kimkhatte in Manmasing a zangh pawl in a zat vang in, Matmasi a kici na tam zaw hi ci vuh hi.

(1) TUILUTNA lnnsung ah dam lou a op cieng in,Tui mat hivacia ki ummaw te,ih lou a ih tuineh vuh hitale gamlah a, citui pulte pou ana kilut cieng in, Siempute in cihpi cisai, cisai Matmasi na ci sese vuh a, thu lamdang pi khat ahi hi. 93 (2) Van tham zawl pi a hing kuan, Matmasi zawl thol tung a hing tu na ci se se vuh hi. (3) Nipi, Hlapi, awh in a val cieng in ha tanawn, ha tanawn, Mat- masi ta, pasal tapa keima om nang ee! a na ci vuh hi. (4) Zilpi a kilin cieng in, Matmasi ta pasal tapa keima om nang ee! ana ki ci hi. Tami zilpi kiling pen Van-le-lei kilu zong a na ci vuh hi. (5) Tuisan, gunsan, tuisanglette, a na ki tan cieng in, Matmasi tate tuitan ding, ka hi vuh hi na ki ci ma sa hi. (6) Lentu zou zing, gammanglai lah hitaleh gamsung mun khat pou a, gammang te a kisui cieng in, Matmasi tate mawh man thei lou ding na kici hi. (7) Tuan a ih pu te in misikua ana taw cieng vun, singpi na kin in, suangpi na kikhin in, Matmasi tate ka sielna ding hi, na kici ma sa hi. (8) Bum a kile cieng in, Matmasi tapa ka hi h na ki ci ma sa hi. (9) Gam sung a si te,a hazawng vuh, a va kilah cieng in, Matmasi ta te hing pei in na ki ci ma sa hi. (10) Innsung sa kigaw cieng in, ka pu hagau, ka pa hagau na nem in, Matmasi in sa hing sang ing na kici hi. (11) Gamlah citui a kidawn cieng in, Matmasi taten tuidawn ding na kici masa hi. Tulamcieng in, Leitung tangthu siemte genna ah Zo kici minamte pen, Manasseh suante hi ci-in mipilten mukhie ta vuh hi. # Pu Dapa tung pan in ih Zo ngainate hing kipan hi na ki ci hi. Gan hing leh mihing na kihou thei vuh hi kici hi. A pilna sang in tha siet gukuallam ah na min thang zaw hi. # Kum Sawmnga a cin siel in leitung ah minam khatta mang den hi kici hi. # 1954 kum Tungnungte Pu Ngul Cin Thong inn a hing zin tung Unau ni te thu # Zo puan thu # lh kibat lounate tultuh lua lou ding. Azieh pen, ih ki bat lou na thu neunou khat in, ih kibatna tampitah

94 te, liemsah thei hi. # MLA Pu Gou Gin kitapna la khua ngai huai. # Zo kam, Zo lai, tawh kisai in ka gen nuam tam mama hi. Ci phot vai. Tami Zo kam, Zo lai vai tawh kisai in, houtong ka kumpi ding mi a ngai ka hi hi ei thei siem ta vun. # (a) Pupa ih gam, pallunna ding, ka sau mang nuam, kawi leh ka von, nung sie phei phung, ka suan tai ci aw. (b) Kan kong bieng kal, vang la ci lou, na zalna laikhun tung pan, zua min na siel, nou na khawl dih aw. Laphua Mantuang te Pa Vum Lien Thang, Yangon. #(a) Mual dawn tulsing, naa neu hei kieng tai siem a tung ah, sen ngai nou kawi ka cim diem maw. (b) Kawi cim ing cia, tong a leite a op leh, kei a it pen, a ngai pen hi kha vang aw ee. Laphua: Lienzaw te Pa Lang Min Lien, Lamzang khua

95 ZOU VA-KHUPI HAM KA ZA By : Lamkhothawng Zou Dewlahland, lmphal.. On - 12th October,1982. 1. Zou-vakhupi ham ka za, Ka pianna gam ngai ing e: Nunnuam lamtaang kaipi, Gual leh paite ngai ing e. 2. Ka pianna gam Zou gam nuam, Vang-khua nunnuam li-bang chinna: Nunnuam va bang ka bualna, Zoumi Sangnaupang Pawlpi. 3. Ka pianna gam Kailamnuai, Na vang limlian mu bang ngaiin: Zou va-khupi haam bang in, Nau bang in hing awi ing. 4. Heisa pallun gual leh paite aw, Pianna gam gia bang zun din: Mal-bang in hing han e, I pianna gamlei in. ZOMI SANGNAUPANG PAWLPI Volume IV,1985, Editor T. NehkhoJang, Asst.Editor T. Lam Kho Thawng, Poetry Section Pp,3,pan lahkhiet ahi hi A VENG KUAN, ZO LA LUI KIMKHATTE 1. (a) Sun ni luan tumta vang cie, Dam tui kul a, muang ngai aw, Le lou ding,aw ee. (b) Dam tui kul a,muang ngai aw, Na vang zan siel bang ka gie, Le lou ding, aw ee.

96 2. (a) Lam tang nei ta sen ngai aw, Taa mawng nei bang, na man aw, Lawm lie nu aw ee. (b) Taa mawng nei bang na man aw, Lam tang a zui na ci aw, Lawm lie nu aw ee. 3. (a) Sen san lie nem tong luan siem, Law Ia gual nem kei law bang, nei lou nai,aw ee. (b) Sun ni sua ham, la ka maw, Mai mit suan zam zou sing ee, Lawm lienu aw ee. 4. (a) Sang leh Ial kop hen te bang, Zawi tuang lam hah, a nen ah, Phung cing te aw ee. (b) Zawi tuang lam hah, a nen ah, Sang vai dawn sumbang Ki tua phung cing te aw ee. 5. (a) Hem ki loulei na ta lual tum Tumtai bang ki nam vawi ee Sen a ngai aw ee. (b) Tum tai bang kinam vawi ee Tua na kum vangla ta lua, Sen a ngai aw ee. Gen khiel sut khielnate ngaidam kang ngen hi. Tamza ci vai ee! Keima : --- Revd. Ai Lien Mang E-mail : zolenmual09@ gmail.com sie.aimang@ gmail.com. G.P.O- Box-266, Kanna Road. Yangon Ph. C/O -0943080597 , ......

97 Delegates from India

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PHOTO SECTION 1 CONDOLENCE: (L) REV. DAVID K. SAMTE, VICE CHAIRMAN, ZLS

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