Salvage Stock Collection Methods Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan Refugia Program

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Salvage Stock Collection Methods Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan Refugia Program Salvage Stock Collection Methods Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan Refugia Program Texas Blind Salamander (Eurycea rathbuni) Comal Springs Dryopid Beetle (Stygoparnus comalensis) Our Goals Determine the most effective methods to capture the Comal Springs dryopid beetle and Texas blind salamander if Salvage Operations were invoked. Determine which collection locations produce the greatest numbers of specimens per unit time. Refugia Program EAHCP requires the establishment of off-site refugia to maintain captive populations of the Covered Species. Salvage Stock Recommend 500 individuals of both Comal Springs dryopid beetle and Texas blind salamander. Comal Springs dryopid beetle: Salvage collection is triggered when Comal Springs falls below 30 cfs and when any standard or conventional water quality parameter within one of three Edwards Aquifer wells exceeds the historical range of water quality parameters by 10 percent or more. Texas blind salamander: Salvage collection is triggered when San Marcos Springs falls below 50 cfs and when any standard or conventional water quality parameter within one of three Edwards Aquifer wells exceeds the historical range of water quality parameters by 10 percent or more. Trapping for the Comal Springs Dryopid Beetle Comal Springs Dryopid Beetle (Stygoparnus comalensis) Known from Comal Springs, Comal Co. and Fern Bank Springs, Hays Co. Stygobiont (lives somewhere in the aquifer) Vestigial eyes Does not swim Larvae are presumed to require air-filled void spaces Previous Collecting Methods Comal Springs Dryopid Beetle Kick nets – Potentially detrimental to habitat and specimens Hess samplers – Potentially detrimental to habitat and specimens Hand sampling – labor intensive, potentially detrimental to habitat Bottle traps – successful but not consistent Drift nets – successful at capturing living specimens Cloth lures – successful at capturing living specimens Previous Capture Success DRIFT NETTING CLOTH LURES ~ 0.3-0.6 Dryopids/24 hours ~ 3-4 Dryopids/100 lures Mostly larvae Mostly adults 2015 WEST WEST - WEST 2015 WEST - BIO BIO QUESTION: If salvage were invoked, what collection method produces the most Comal Springs dryopid beetles? We propose to evaluate and modify the existing lure method to potentially increase the capture success of Comal Springs dryopid beetles during Salvage Operations. Cloth Lures Have occasionally attracted Comal Springs dryopid beetles during riffle beetle monitoring and other invertebrate studies. (BIO-WEST, Gibson et al. 2008) Comal Springs dryopid beetles likely feed on biofilms growing on lures Pros: Cons: Easy to make Do not last long (Cage-after Zara Environmental Easy to see specimens in field Hester-Dendy Sampler Multiplate invertebrate sampler Comal Springs dryopid beetles have also been found on wood debris lying on upwellings. (Gibson et al. 2008) Test 3 types of materials, for example: Masonite Live Oak Bald Cypress May develop biofilms similar to cloth lures Pros: Cons: Relatively easy to make Can be difficult to Easy to take apart see specimens Fair amount of surface area May last longer than cloth lures Simulates Potential “Bell Trap” CSDB habitat Provides a dark void space under water over upwelling/ small orifice Air/water interface around lure Container will be black or opaque in the field. Gas Released in Upwellings Gas bubbles in Comal Springs/Landa Lake Gas is largely atmospheric (LBG-Guyton Associates 2004) Gas trapped in gravel and cobbles may be potential habitat for Comal Springs LBG-Guyton Associates. 2004. Evaluation of augmentation dryopid beetle methodologies in support of in-situ refugia at Comal and San Marcos Springs, Texas. Prepared for the Edwards Aquifer Authority. Bell Trap Larvae are thought to utilize void spaces in the aquifer. Adults? Larvae and adults likely feed on biofilms Adults and larvae are troglobitic, they live in dark spaces The bell trap design provides all of these potential requirements A black or opaque container will be used in the field to simulate underground void space. Sample Site Selection: Comal Springs Upwellings in and around Spring Island or Pecan Island Spring Runs 1, 2, or 3 Sampling Protocol and Analysis Four sites will be selected – 2 upwellings in Landa Lake and 2 spring runs Each site will have 8 lures (8 treatments) – 4 uncovered lures and 4 “bell trapped” lures (4 sites X 8 lures = 32 experimental units) Eight boils/small orifices will be selected in each site Lures will be randomly placed in the 8 selected boils/small orifices Lures will be checked weekly Sampling conducted for at least 12 weeks between April and August Half of the captured individuals will be transported to salvage facilities ANOVA will be used to compare Dryopid #’s between treatments and sites Trapping for the Texas Blind Salamander Traditional Collection Methods Outside of caves, two basic access points to groundwater communities in Texas Well Pipes Springs/Spring Diversions Springs/ Spring Diversions- Drift Nets Well Pipe-Bottle Traps QUESTION: If salvage were invoked, what collection method produces the most salamanders and what is the most productive site? Targeted Sample Sites…. Primer’s Well Sessom’s Spring Johnson’s Well Springs/Spring Diversion Spring Well Pipes/ Rattlesnake Cave Diversions and TSU Artesian Well Caves Artesian Wells Trapping Methods Primer’s Well Well Pipes Johnson’s Well WEST 2015 WEST - Rattlesnake Cave BIO Springs/Spring Diversions Artesian Flowing Wells Sampling Protocol and Analysis Seasons defined: (Jan/Feb/Mar=Winter; Apr/May/June=Spring; July/Aug/Sep=Summer; October/Nov/Dec=Fall) Each bottle trap type (1 vs. 2 openings) deployed for 6 weeks in the same season, per site Drift nets will be deployed on springs/spring diversions at the same time as bottle traps (when possible) Bottle traps and drift nets will be checked in accordance with USFWS Permit Captured individuals will be weighed, measured, swabbed for disease, and transported to salvage facilities ANOVA will be used to compare Salamander #’s between treatments, sites, and seasons T-test to compare capture rates between well sites and springs/spring diversions Lit Review Arsuffi, T.L. 1993. Status of the Comal Springs Riffle Beetle (Heterelmis BIO-WEST, Inc. 2006. Comprehensive and critical period monitoring comalensis Bosse, Tuff and Brown), Peck's Cave Amphipod (Stygobromus pecki program to evaluate the effects of variable flow on biological resources in Holsinger), and the Comal Springs Dryopid Beetle (Stygoparnus comalensis the Comal Springs/River aquatic ecosystem, final 2005 annual report. Barr and Spangler) from central Texas. Southwest Texas State University. Prepared for the Edwards Aquifer Authority, San Antonio, Texas. 42 pp. Prepared for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Austin, Texas. 36 pp. BIO-WEST, Inc. 2007. Comprehensive and critical period monitoring Barr, C.B. and P.J. Spangler. 1992. A new genus and species of stygobiontic program to evaluate the effects of variable flow on biological resources in dryopid beetle, Stygoparnus comalensis (Coleoptera: Dryopidae), from Comal the Comal Springs/River aquatic ecosystem, final 2006 annual report. Springs, Texas. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 105:40-54. Prepared for the Edwards Aquifer Authority, San Antonio, Texas. 42 pp. Barr, C.B. 1993. Survey for two Edwards Aquifer invertebrates: Comal Springs BIO-WEST, Inc. 2008. Comprehensive and critical period monitoring Dryopid beetle Stygoparnus comalensis Barr and Spangler (Coleoptera: program to evaluate the effects of variable flow on biological resources in Dryopidae) and Peck's Cave Amphipod Stygobromus pecki Holsinger the Comal Springs/River aquatic ecosystem, final 2007 annual report. (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae). Final report prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Prepared for the Edwards Aquifer Authority, San Antonio, Texas. 41 pp. Service Ecological Services, Austin, Texas. 71 pp. BIO-WEST, Inc. 2014. Habitat conservation plan biological monitoring BIO-WEST, Inc. 2004. Comprehensive and critical period monitoring program program Comal Springs/River aquatic ecosystem, annual report 2013. to evaluate the effects of variable flow on biological resources in the Comal Prepared for the Edwards Aquifer Authority, San Antonio, Texas. 94 pp. Springs/River aquatic ecosystem, final 2003 annual report. Prepared for the BIO-WEST, Inc. 2015. Habitat conservation plan biological monitoring Edwards Aquifer Authority, San Antonio, Texas. 40 pp. program Comal Springs/River aquatic ecosystem, annual report 2014. BIO-WEST, Inc. 2005. Comprehensive and critical period monitoring program Prepared for the Edwards Aquifer Authority, San Antonio, Texas. 98 pp. to evaluate the effects of variable flow on biological resources in the Comal Brown, H.P. 1987. Biology of riffle beetles. Annual Review of Entomology Springs/River aquatic ecosystem, final 2004 annual report. Prepared for the 32: 253-273. Edwards Aquifer Authority, San Antonio, Texas. 70 pp. Lit Review - continued Gibson, J.R., S.J. Harden, and J.N. Fries. 2008. Survey and distribution of Malard, F., M. Dole-Oliver, J. Mathieu, and F. Stoch (eds.). 2002. Sampling invertebrates from selected springs of the Edwards Aquifer in Comal and Hays manual for the assessment of regional groundwater biodiversity. PASCALIS: Counties, Texas. The Southwestern Naturalist 53 (1):74-84. 1–111. HDR, Inc. 2015. Final Refugia Review: Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Mitchell, R. W, and J. R. Reddell.
Recommended publications
  • Pervasive Gene Flow Across Critical Habitat for Four Narrowly Endemic
    Freshwater Biology (2016) doi:10.1111/fwb.12758 Pervasive gene flow across critical habitat for four narrowly endemic, sympatric taxa † † ‡ LAUREN K. LUCAS* , ZACHARIAH GOMPERT ,J.RANDYGIBSON , KATHERINE L. BELL*, § C. ALEX BUERKLE AND CHRIS C. NICE* *Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, U.S.A. † Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, U.S.A. ‡ U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, San Marcos Aquatic Resources Center, San Marcos, TX, U.S.A. § Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, U.S.A. SUMMARY 1. We studied genetic variation in four endangered animal taxa in the largest freshwater spring complex in the southwestern U.S.A., Comal Springs (TX): Eurycea salamanders, Heterelmis riffle beetles, Stygobromus amphipods and Stygoparnus dryopid beetles. They inhabit a spring complex with nearly stable conditions, which is threatened by climate change and aquifer withdrawals. The four taxa vary in their habitat affinities and body sizes. 2. We used genotyping-by-sequencing to obtain hundreds to thousands of genetic markers to accurately infer the demographic history of the taxa. We used approximate Bayesian computation to test models of gene flow and compare the results among taxa. We also looked for evidence that would suggest local adaptation within the spring complex. 3. An island model (equal gene flow among all subpopulations) was the most probable of the five models tested, and all four taxa had high migration rate estimates. 4. Small numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in each taxon tested were associated with environmental conditions and provide some evidence for potential local adaptation to slightly variable conditions across habitat patches within Comal Springs.
    [Show full text]
  • Docket No. FWS-R2-ES-2012-0082]
    This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 10/19/2012 and available online at http://federalregister.gov/a/2012-25578, and on FDsys.gov 1 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 [Docket No. FWS-R2-ES-2012-0082] [4500030114] RIN 1018-AY20 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Revision of Critical Habitat for the Comal Springs Dryopid Beetle, Comal Springs Riffle Beetle, and Peck’s Cave Amphipod AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), propose to revise 2 designation of critical habitat for the Comal Springs dryopid beetle (Stygoparnus comalensis), Comal Springs riffle beetle (Heterelmis comalensis), and Peck’s cave amphipod (Stygobromus pecki), under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). In total, approximately 169 acres (68 hectares) are being proposed for revised critical habitat. The proposed revision of critical habitat is located in Comal and Hays Counties, Texas. DATES: We will accept comments received or postmarked on or before [INSERT DATE 60 DAYS AFTER DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. Comments submitted electronically using the Federal eRulemaking Portal (see ADDRESSES section, below) must be received by 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the closing date. We must receive requests for public hearings, in writing, at the address shown in FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT by [INSERT DATE 45 DAYS AFTER DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by one of the following methods: (1) Electronically: Go to the Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov.
    [Show full text]
  • Comal County Regional Habitat Conservation Plan Environmental Impact Statement
    Draft Comal County Regional Habitat Conservation Plan Environmental Impact Statement Prepared for: Comal County, Texas Comal County Commissioners Court Prepared by: SWCA Environmental Consultants Smith, Robertson, Elliott, Glen, Klein & Bell, L.L.P. Prime Strategies, Inc. Texas Perspectives, Inc. Capital Market Research, Inc. April 2010 SWCA Project Number 12659-139-AUS DRAFT COMAL COUNTY REGIONAL HABITAT CONSERVATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT April 2010 Type of Action: Administrative Lead Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Responsible Official: Adam Zerrenner Field Supervisor U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 10711 Burnet Road, Suite 200 Austin, Texas For Information: Bill Seawell Fish and Wildlife Biologist U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 10711 Burnet Road, Suite 200 Austin, Texas Tele: 512-490-0057 Abstract: Comal County, Texas, is applying for an incidental take permit (Permit) under section 10(a)(1)(B) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended 16 U.S.C. § 1531, et seq. (ESA), to authorize the incidental take of two endangered species, the golden-cheeked warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia) and the black-capped vireo (Vireo atricapilla), referred to collectively as the “Covered Species.” In support of the Permit application, the County has prepared a regional habitat conservation plan (Proposed RHCP), covering a 30-year period from 2010 to 2040. The Permit Area for the Proposed RHCP and the area of potential effect for this Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is Comal County in central Texas. The requested Permit would authorize the following incidental take and mitigation for the golden-cheeked warbler: Take: As conservation credits are created through habitat preservation, authorize up to 5,238 acres (2,120 hectares) of golden-cheeked warbler habitat to be impacted over the 30-year life of the Proposed RHCP.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Comal County Regional Habitat Conservation Plan
    FINAL COMAL COUNTY REGIONAL HABITAT CONSERVATION PLAN Prepared for Comal County, Texas Comal County Commissioners Court Danny Scheel, County Judge Donna Eccleston, County Commissioner, Precinct 1 Jay Millikin, County Commissioner, Precinct 2 Gregory Parker, County Commissioner, Precinct 3 Jan Kennady, County Commissioner, Precinct 4 Prepared by SWCA Environmental Consultants 4407 Monterey Oaks Boulevard Building 1, Suite 110 Austin, Texas 78749 www.swca.com Smith, Robertson, Elliott, Glen, Klein & Bell, L.L.P. 221 West 6th Street, Suite 1100 Austin, Texas 78701 Prime Strategies, Inc. 1508 South Lamar Boulevard Austin, Texas 78704 Texas Perspectives, Inc. 1310 South 1st Street, Suite 105 Austin, Texas 78704 Capital Market Research, Inc. 605 Brazos Street #300 Austin, Texas 78701 SWCA Project Number 12659-139-AUS August 1, 2013 [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK] TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ v CHAPTER 1 — BACKGROUND, PURPOSE, AND NEED .................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.1.1 Species Included in the RHCP ......................................................................... 1-4 1.1.1.2 Other Listed and Rare Species That May Occur in Comal County
    [Show full text]
  • Hays County Regional Habitat Conservation Plan Final HCP
    APPENDIX A Mapping Potential Golden-cheeked Warbler Breeding Habitat Using Remotely Sensed Forest Canopy Cover Data Loomis Partners, Inc. (2008) Hays County Regional Habitat Conservation Plan Mapping Potential Golden-cheeked Warbler Breeding Habitat Using Remotely Sensed Forest Canopy Cover Data Prepared for: County of Hays 111 E. San Antonio Street San Marcos, Texas 78666 Prepared by: ENGINEERING, LAND SURVEYING & ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING 3101 Bee Cave Road, Suite 100 Austin, TX 78746 512/327-1180 FAX: 512/327-4062 LAI Proj. No. 051001 August 12, 2008 Mapping Potential GCW Habitat LAI Proj. No. 051001 Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................1 1.1 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES........................................................................................................................1 1.2 GOLDEN-CHEEKED WARBLER...................................................................................................................1 1.3 NATIONAL LAND COVER DATABASE 2001 ...............................................................................................3 2.0 METHODS .............................................................................................................................................3 2.1 HABITAT MAPPING ...................................................................................................................................3 2.2 PROBABILITY OF OCCUPANCY ANALYSIS .................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Designation of Critical Habitat for the Peck's Cave Amphipod, Comal
    Tuesday, July 17, 2007 Part III Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Peck’s Cave Amphipod, Comal Springs Dryopid Beetle, and Comal Springs Riffle Beetle; Final Rule VerDate Aug<31>2005 15:16 Jul 16, 2007 Jkt 211001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\17JYR3.SGM 17JYR3 rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with RULES3 39248 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 136 / Tuesday, July 17, 2007 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Comal County, Texas. The Comal second) (Fahlquist and Slattery 1997, p. Springs dryopid beetle is a subterranean 1; Slattery and Fahlquist 1997, p. 1). Fish and Wildlife Service insect with vestigial (poorly developed, Both spring systems emerge as a series non-functional) eyes. The species has of spring outlets along the Balcones 50 CFR Part 17 been found in two spring systems, fault that follows the edge of the RIN 1018–AU75 Comal Springs and Fern Bank Springs, Edwards Plateau in Texas. Fern Bank that are located in Comal and Hays Springs and Hueco Springs have Endangered and Threatened Wildlife Counties, respectively. The Comal considerably smaller flows and consist and Plants; Designation of Critical Springs riffle beetle is an aquatic insect of one main spring with several satellite Habitat for the Peck’s Cave Amphipod, that is found in and primarily restricted springs or seep areas. Comal Springs Dryopid Beetle, and to surface water associated with Comal The four spring systems designated Comal Springs Riffle Beetle Springs in Comal County and with San for critical habitat are characterized by Marcos Springs in Hays County.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Environmental Impact Statement
    FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR THE HAYS COUNTY REGIONAL HABITAT CONSERVATION PLAN PREPARED BY: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Austin Ecological Services Field Office 10711 Burnet Road, Suite 200 Austin, Texas 78758-4460 CONTRIBUTORS: Loomis Partners, Inc. Smith, Robertson, Elliott, Glen, Klein, & Bell, LLP URS Corporation Zara Environmental, LLC Joe Lessard Texas Perspectives, LLC Capitol Market Research FINAL HAYS COUNTY REGIONAL HABITAT CONSERVATION PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT MAY 1, 2010 Type of Action: Administrative Lead Agency: U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service Responsible Official: Adam Zerrenner Field Supervisor U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 10711 Burnet Road, Suite 200 Austin, Texas 78758 For Information: Luela Roberts Chief, Consultations and Habitat Conservation Plans U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 10711 Burnet Road, Suite 200 Austin, Texas 78758 Abstract: Hays County, Texas, is applying for an incidental take permit (Permit) under Section 10(a)(1)(B) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Act), as amended, to authorize incidental take of two endangered bird species: the golden-cheeked warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia) and the black-capped vireo (Vireo atricapilla), collectively referred to as the “covered species.” In support of the Permit application, the County has prepared a regional habitat conservation plan (RHCP) covering a 30-year period from 2010 to 2040. The permit area for the RHCP is Hays County, Texas. While the entire county would be covered by the proposed Permit, potential habitat for the covered species only occurs on the Edwards Plateau ecoregion located across the western approximately two-thirds of the county (generally west of Interstate Highway 35).
    [Show full text]
  • Raiders of the Lost Aquifer? Or, the Beginning of the End to Fifty Years of Conflict Over the Texas Edwards Aquifer
    Revised August 1, 2004 Raiders of the Lost Aquifer? Or, the Beginning of the End to Fifty Years of Conflict over the Texas Edwards Aquifer Todd H. Votteler* I. THE EDWARDS AQUIFER: HYDROLOGY, LAW, AND ECOLOGY....... 258 A. Hydrology ................................................................................ 258 B. Surface and Groundwater Regulation in Texas..................... 269 C. Ecology .................................................................................... 270 II. SIERRA CLUB V. BABBITT: PUMPING LIMITS MANDATED................. 273 III. EDWARDS AQUIFER AUTHORITY...................................................... 276 A. The Texas Legislature Creates the Edwards Aquifer Authority .................................................................................. 276 B. Critical Period Management Plan......................................... 278 C. Take and Jeopardy Early Warning Indicators of Years Containing Critical Periods ................................................... 286 D. Pumping Limits ....................................................................... 290 E. Habitat Conservation Plan..................................................... 293 IV. THE BLUEPRINT FOR A NEW CENTURY ............................................ 296 A. Senate Bill 1............................................................................. 296 B. The Lower Guadalupe Supply Project................................... 298 C. Providing Freshwater Inflows to the Guadalupe Estuary and San Antonio Bay................................................
    [Show full text]
  • San Marcos Salamander Critical Habitat Was Designated July 14, 1980
    United States Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 10711 Burnet Road, Suite 200 Austin, Texas 78758 (512) 490-0057 JAN 11 2008 Consultation No. 21450-2007-F-0056 Mark. A. Pohlmeier, Colonel Department of the Air Force HQ AETC/A7C 266 F Street West Randolph AFB, TX 78150-4319 Dear Colonel Pohlmeier: This is the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (Service) biological opinion based on our review of the effects of ongoing Edwards aquifer (Balcones Fault Zone) well withdrawals by the Department of Defense (DoD) on listed threatened and endangered species pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) (Act). The groundwater withdrawals support the existing and future missions at the following Department of Defense (DoD) military installations in Bexar County, Texas: (1) Fort Sam Houston, (2) Lackland Air Force Base (AFB), and (3) Randolph AFB (Figure 1). Species evaluated for effects are the following: (1) Texas wild-rice (Zizania texana), (2) Peck’s cave amphipod (Stygobromus pecki), (3) Comal Springs dryopid beetle (Stygoparnus comalensis), (4) Comal Springs riffle beetle (Heterelmis comalensis), (5) San Marcos gambusia (Gambusia georgei), (6) fountain darter (Etheostoma fonticola), (7) San Marcos salamander (Eurycea nana), and (8) Texas blind salamander (Eurycea rathbuni). We evaluated effects to designated critical habitat of the following species: Texas wild-rice, fountain darter, San Marcos gambusia, San Marcos salamander, Peck’s cave amphipod, Comal Springs dryopid beetle, and Comal Springs riffle beetle. Brooks City-Base also uses water from the Edwards aquifer. However, DoD did not want to include it in this consultation.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecophysiology and Food Web Dynamics of Spring Ecotone
    ECOPHYSIOLOGY AND FOOD WEB DYNAMICS OF SPRING ECOTONE COMMUNITIES IN THE EDWARDS AQUIFER, USA by Parvathi Nair, B.S., M.S. A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy with a Major in Aquatic Resources and Integrative Biology August 2019 Committee Members: Weston. H. Nowlin, Chair Benjamin. F. Schwartz Thom. B. Hardy Benjamin. T. Hutchins Joseph. R. Tomasso COPYRIGHT by Parvathi Nair 2019 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94-553, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgement. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Parvathi Nair, authorize duplication of this work, in whole or in part, for educational or scholarly purposes only. DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my parents, Gayathri Nair and Rajan Nair. From them I learned the importance hard work, perseverance, fearlessness, and optimism. They are my inspiration, my staunchest supporters and my biggest critic, and without their encouragement this dissertation would not have been possible. I consider myself very lucky to have a family standing beside me with their unconditional love and support. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply indebted to my advisor, Dr. Weston H. Nowlin, for the continuous support of my PhD study and related research, for his immense knowledge, mentorship, motivation, patience, and friendship.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of the Edwards Aquifer, Texas, Through 1993
    BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE EDWARDS AQUIFER, TEXAS, THROUGH 1993 Compiled by Julie A. Menard U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 95-336 Prepared in support of a study by the CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN WATER RESOURCES, UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN Austin, Texas 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: U.S. Geological Survey Earth Science Information Center District Chief Open-File Reports Section U.S. Geological Survey Box 25286, Mail Stop 517 8011 Cameron Rd. Denver Federal Center Austin, TX 78754-3898 Denver, CO 80225-0046 CONTENTS Abstract .................................................................................................................^^ 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................^^ 1 Purpose and Scope .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Description of the Edwards Aquifer ......................................................................................................................... 1 Sources of Related Information ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Comal Springs Invertebrates Final Critical Habitat Literature Cited
    Literature Cited Comal Springs Invertebrates Critical Habitat Revision Arsuffi, T.L. 1993. Status of the Comal Springs riffle beetle (Heterelmis comalensis Boss, Tuff and Brown), Peck’s cave amphipod (Stygobromus pecki Holsinger), and the Comal Springs dryopid beetle (Stygoparnus comalensis Barr and Spangler) from central Texas. Technical. Report. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Austin, TX. Barr, C.B. 1993. Survey for two Edwards Aquifer invertebrates: Comal Springs dryopid beetle Stygoparnus comalensis Barr and Spangler (Coleoptera: Dryopidae) and Peck’s cave amphipod Stygobromus pecki Holsinger (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae). Techical. Report. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service., Austin, TX. Barr, C.B., and P.J. Spangler. 1992. A new genus and species of stygobiontic dryopid beetle, Stygoparnus comalensis (Coleoptera: Dryopidae), from Comal Springs, Texas. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 105(1):40–54. Bio-West. 2001. Comprehensive and critical period monitoring program to evaluate the effects of variable flow on biological resources in the Comal Springs/River aquatic ecosystem. Final 2001 Annual Report Edwards Aquifer Authority, San Antonio, TX. Bio-West. 2002a. Comal Springs riffle beetle habitat and population evaluation. Final Rep. Edwards Aquifer Authority, San Antonio, TX. Bio-West. 2002b. Comprehensive and critical period monitoring program to evaluate the effects of variable flow on biological resources in the Comal Springs/River aquatic ecosystem. Final 2002 Annual Report Edwards Aquifer Authority, San Antonio, TX. Bio-West. 2003. Comprehensive and critical period monitoring program to evaluate the effects of variable flow on biological resources in the Comal Springs/River aquatic ecosystem. Final 2003 Annual Report Edwards Aquifer Authority, San Antonio, TX. Bio-West. 2004.
    [Show full text]