Volcán Descabezado Grande

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Volcán Descabezado Grande Región: Maule Provincia: Talca Comuna: San Clemente Coordenadas: 39°35’S – 70°45’W Poblados más cercanos: San Clemente – Vilches – Armerillo - Radal Tipo de volcán: Complejo volcánico Altura: 3830 m s.n.m. Diámetro basal: 11 km 2 Flanco oeste del volcán Descabezado Grande Área basal: 95 km (Fotografía: Carolina Silva, SERNAGEOMIN) Volumen estimado: 50 km3 Última actividad: 1933 Última erupción mayor: 1932 Ranking de riesgo 11 (alto) específico: Generalidades El volcán Descabezado Grande corresponde a un estratovolcán de cima achatada con un cráter central de 1.5 km de diámetro, relleno con hielo. Está emplazado en la alta cordillera de la región de Maule, 65 km al este de San Clemente. Este volcán es activo desde hace al menos unos 300 mil años y sus productos volcánicos corresponden principalmente a lavas, tefras y aglutinados de composición andesítica a riodacítica, que han alcanzado hasta 7 km de longitud. Registro eruptivo El único registro histórico data de 1932, después de la gran erupción de su vecino volcán Quizapu en abril de ese año. Durante esta erupción, en junio de 1932, se abre en su ladera norte el cráter “Respiradero”, de cerca de 900 m de diámetro, generando una columna de ceniza de varios kilómetros de altura y caída de piroclastos. Numerosas explosiones habrían continuado hasta fines de 1932. Estudios en curso del Programa de Riesgo Volcánico, sugieren actividad en el volcán Descabezado Grande con posterioridad a la gran erupción del volcán Quizapu en 1932, la que habría generado flujos piroclásticos de 8 km de longitud desde el cráter central. En su estado actual, el volcán Descabezado Grande no tiene actividad, salvo pequeñas fumarolas en el cráter lateral “Respiradero” en 2009. Peligros y riesgos asociados En caso de generar una erupción explosiva, generaría flujos de piroclastos, lluvia de tefra y lahares, con riesgo para las obras de ingeniería y pobladores de la hoya de los ríos Lontué, Blanquillo y Estero Barroso. Mapa de ubicación de Volcán Descabezado Grande REFERENCIAS Drake, R. 1976. Chronology of Cenozoic igneous and tectonic events in the Central Chilean Andes, latitudes 35º30’ to 36ºS. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 1, 265-284. González-Ferrán, O. 1995. Volcanes de Chile. Instituto Geográfico Militar, Santiago, 640 p. Hildreth, W., Grunder, A., Drake, R. 1984. The Loma Seca Tuff and the Calabozos caldera: A major ash-flow and caldera complex in the southern Andes of central Chile. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 95, p. 45-54. Hildreth, W., Drake, R., 1992. Volcán Quizapu, Chilean Andes. Bulletin of Volcanology, 54, 93-125. Información Cartográfica: No se ha elaborado información cartográfica para este volcán. .

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