AERMETSG/11 – WP/04 25/11/11 International Civil Aviation
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Freshwater Diatoms in the Sajama, Quelccaya, and Coropuna Glaciers of the South American Andes
Diatom Research ISSN: 0269-249X (Print) 2159-8347 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tdia20 Freshwater diatoms in the Sajama, Quelccaya, and Coropuna glaciers of the South American Andes D. Marie Weide , Sherilyn C. Fritz, Bruce E. Brinson, Lonnie G. Thompson & W. Edward Billups To cite this article: D. Marie Weide , Sherilyn C. Fritz, Bruce E. Brinson, Lonnie G. Thompson & W. Edward Billups (2017): Freshwater diatoms in the Sajama, Quelccaya, and Coropuna glaciers of the South American Andes, Diatom Research, DOI: 10.1080/0269249X.2017.1335240 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2017.1335240 Published online: 17 Jul 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 6 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tdia20 Download by: [Lund University Libraries] Date: 19 July 2017, At: 08:18 Diatom Research,2017 https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2017.1335240 Freshwater diatoms in the Sajama, Quelccaya, and Coropuna glaciers of the South American Andes 1 1 2 3 D. MARIE WEIDE ∗,SHERILYNC.FRITZ,BRUCEE.BRINSON, LONNIE G. THOMPSON & W. EDWARD BILLUPS2 1Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA 2Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA 3School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA Diatoms in ice cores have been used to infer regional and global climatic events. These archives offer high-resolution records of past climate events, often providing annual resolution of environmental variability during the Late Holocene. -
Geothermal Map of Perú
Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010 Bali, Indonesia, 25-29 April 2010 Geothermal Map of Perú Víctor Vargas & Vicentina Cruz Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico – INGEMMET. Av. Canadá Nº 1470. Lima 41. San Borja, Lima - Perú [email protected] [email protected] Keywords: Geothermal map, Eje Volcánico Sur, contribute in the development of this environmentally geothermal manifestations, volcanic rocks, deep faults, friendly resource, for electric power generation and direct Perú. uses ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION The Andes Cordillera resulted from the interaction of the All over the world the major geothermal potential is Nazca Plate and the South American Plate. The subduction associated to discontinuous chains of Pio-Pleistocenic process occurring between both plates has controlled all volcanic centers that take part of the Pacific Fire Belt, and geological evolution of such territory since Mesozoic to Perú as a part of this, has a vast geothermal manifestation present time. In this context, magmatic and tectonic like hot springs, geysers, fumaroles etc. processes have allowed the development of geothermal environments with great resources to be evaluated and The Peruvian Geological Survey - INGEMMET- has subsequently developed making a sustainable exploitation traditionally been the first institution devoted to perform of them. geothermal studies that include the first mineral resources and thermal spring’s inventory. The first geothermal studies In consequence, Perú has a vast geothermal potential with were accomplished in the 70's starting with the first many manifestations at the surface as hot springs, geysers, inventory of mineral and thermal springs (Zapata, 1973). fumaroles, steam, etc., all over the country. The first The main purpose of those studies was the geochemical geothermal studies began in the 70's with the first inventory characterization of geothermal flows. -
Alaska Interagency Operating Plan for Volcanic Ash Episodes
Alaska Interagency Operating Plan for Volcanic Ash Episodes MAY 1, 2008 Cover: A plume of volcanic gas and water vapor rises above the summit crater and growing lava dome at Augustine Volcano in southern Cook Inlet. A mantle of light brown ash discolors the snow on the upper flanks. View is towards the southwest. Photograph taken by C. Read, U.S. Geological Survey, January 24, 2006. Alaska Volcano Observatory database image from http://www.avo.alaska.edu/image.php?id=7051. Alaska Interagency Operating Plan for Volcanic Ash Episodes May 1, 2008 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Integrated Response to Volcanic Ash ....................................................................... 3 1.2 Data Collection and Processing ................................................................................ 4 1.3 Information Management and Coordination .............................................................. 4 1.4 Distribution and Dissemination.................................................................................. 5 2.0 Responsibilities of the Participating Agencies ........................................................... 5 2.1 ALASKA DIVISION OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (DHS&EM) .............................................................................. 5 2.2 ALASKA VOLCANO OBSERVATORY (AVO)........................................................... 6 2.2.1 Organization..................................................................................................... -
University of Nevada, Reno a Study of Pleistocene Volcano Manantial
University of Nevada, Reno A study of Pleistocene volcano Manantial Pelado, Chile: Unique access to a long history of primitive magmas in the thickened crust of the Southern Andes A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geology by Heather Winslow Dr. Philipp Ruprecht, Thesis Advisor May 2018 THE GRADUATE SCHOOL We recommend that the thesis prepared under our supervision by HEATHER WINSLOW Entitled A Study Of Pleistocene Volcano Manantial Pelado, Chile: Unique Access To A Long History Of Primitive Magmas In The Thickened Crust Of The Southern Andes be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Philipp Ruprecht, Ph.D., Advisor Wenrong Cao, Ph.D., Committee Member Adam Csank, Ph.D., Graduate School Representative David W. Zeh, Ph.D., Dean, Graduate School May, 2018 i ABSTRACT Textural and geochemical analysis of lavas and tephra from a poorly studied, glacially dissected, mafic, stratocone, Manantial Pelado, in the Southern Andean Volcanic Zone was collected to characterize the volcano’s petrogenesis and assess its primitive nature. Manantial Pelado lies within the transitional segment of the Southern Volcanic Zone (35.5°S) amidst thickened crust (~55 km) while surrounded by extensive silicic volcanism such as the Descabezado Grande-Cerro Azul Volcanic Complex. How mafic magmas reached the surface through thickened continental crust is a larger question at hand, but prior to addressing broader processes at work, initial geochemical characterization is necessary. Understanding the full extent of its primitive nature is crucial for broader insight of proximal vent interactions and relationships as well as insight towards magma genesis. -
Sitting on Top of the World
Notes from Mineralogy lecture on the chemistry and structure of various minerals (pyroxenes and amphiboles) that could crystallize from slowly cooling ers of lava flows and ash flows basalt magma. The different that built up the mountain. minerals reflect the changing In the regions exposed by conditions (temperature and erosion of these half-million- composition) in a magma chamber deep in the earth's year-old volcanoes, Dr. Wulff is crust. able to sample the lavas that poured out of the vents and built up the volcano, flow upon flow. “Sampling each flow allows us to evaluate the separate cycles of eruptive activity. By looking at the mineral compositions and whole- rock chemistry of the ancient PHOTO BY RYAN FILLOON Andrew Wulff and several undergraduate students take a break from sampling lavas, we can tell something about lava flows to plan the next traverse, under the imposing edifice of Volcan Cerro how the volcano has behaved over Azul in the Chilean Andes. time. This means we can make more accurate predictions of what will happen in the future,” he said. Two of his WKU undergraduate students are working with Chilean lava samples to determine whether SITTING ON TOP the volcanic complex is currently in a period of rapid growth or slower growth. “By compiling all these eruptive events into a composite OF THE WORLD history, we can get a good idea of how this complex behaves, and we can model individual eruptive B Y T O M M Y N E W T O N episodes. That’s a different approach from what most others are doing.” SOMEHOW IT SEEMS FITTING THAT Dr. -
To Late-Holocene Explosive Rhyolitic Eruptions from Chaitén Volcano, Chile
Andean Geology 40 (2): 216-226. May, 2013 Andean Geology doi: 10.5027/andgeoV40n2-a02 formerly Revista Geológica de Chile www.andeangeology.cl Evidence of mid- to late-Holocene explosive rhyolitic eruptions from Chaitén Volcano, Chile Sebastian F.L. Watt1, 2, David M. Pyle1, Tamsin A. Mather1 1 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, U.K. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, U.K. ABSTRACT. The 2008 eruption of Chaitén Volcano was widely cited as the first activity at the volcano for over 9000 years. However, we have identified evidence from proximal pyroclastic deposits for three additional explosive eruptions of Chaitén within the past 5000 years. Chaitén has therefore produced at least five explosive eruptions in the Holocene, making it among the most active volcanoes, in terms of explosive output, in the southern part of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone. All of the five identified Holocene explosive eruptions produced homogeneous high-silica rhyolite, with near identical compositions. Based on our pyroclastic sequence, we suggest that the largest-volume Holocene eruption of Chaitén occurred at ~4.95 ka, and we correlate this with the Mic2 deposit, which was previously thought to originate from the nearby Michinmahuida Volcano. Keywords: Chaitén Volcano, Andean southern volcanic zone, Holocene tephra stratigraphy, Rhyolite, Explosive volcanism. RESUMEN. Evidencia de erupciones riolíticas del Holoceno medio a tardío del volcán Chaitén, Chile. La erupción del volcán Chaitén en el año 2008 ha sido mencionada ampliamente como la primera actividad de este en los últimos 9 mil años. -
Report on Cartography in the Republic of Chile 2011 - 2015
REPORT ON CARTOGRAPHY IN CHILE: 2011 - 2015 ARMY OF CHILE MILITARY GEOGRAPHIC INSTITUTE OF CHILE REPORT ON CARTOGRAPHY IN THE REPUBLIC OF CHILE 2011 - 2015 PRESENTED BY THE CHILEAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION AT THE SIXTEENTH GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE INTERNATIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION AUGUST 2015 1 REPORT ON CARTOGRAPHY IN CHILE: 2011 - 2015 CONTENTS Page Contents 2 1: CHILEAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE ICA 3 1.1. Introduction 3 1.2. Chilean ICA National Committee during 2011 - 2015 5 1.3. Chile and the International Cartographic Conferences of the ICA 6 2: MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES 6 2.1 National Spatial Data Infrastructure of Chile 6 2.2. Pan-American Institute for Geography and History – PAIGH 8 2.3. SSOT: Chilean Satellite 9 3: STATE AND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS 10 3.1. Military Geographic Institute - IGM 10 3.2. Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of the Chilean Navy – SHOA 12 3.3. Aero-Photogrammetric Service of the Air Force – SAF 14 3.4. Agriculture Ministry and Dependent Agencies 15 3.5. National Geological and Mining Service – SERNAGEOMIN 18 3.6. Other Government Ministries and Specialized Agencies 19 3.7. Regional and Local Government Bodies 21 4: ACADEMIC, EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING SECTOR 21 4.1 Metropolitan Technological University – UTEM 21 4.2 Universities with Geosciences Courses 23 4.3 Military Polytechnic Academy 25 5: THE PRIVATE SECTOR 26 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND ACRONYMS 28 ANNEX 1. List of SERNAGEOMIN Maps 29 ANNEX 2. Report from CENGEO (University of Talca) 37 2 REPORT ON CARTOGRAPHY IN CHILE: 2011 - 2015 PART ONE: CHILEAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE ICA 1.1: Introduction 1.1.1. -
Scale Deformation of Volcanic Centres in the Central Andes
letters to nature 14. Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides of 1–1.5 cm yr21 (Fig. 2). An area in southern Peru about 2.5 km and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 32, 751–767 (1976). east of the volcano Hualca Hualca and 7 km north of the active 15. Hansen, M. (ed.) Constitution of Binary Alloys (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1958). 21 16. Emsley, J. (ed.) The Elements (Clarendon, Oxford, 1994). volcano Sabancaya is inflating with U LOS of about 2 cm yr . A third 21 17. Tanaka, H., Takahashi, I., Kimura, M. & Sobukawa, H. in Science and Technology in Catalysts 1994 (eds inflationary source (with ULOS ¼ 1cmyr ) is not associated with Izumi, Y., Arai, H. & Iwamoto, M.) 457–460 (Kodansya-Elsevier, Tokyo, 1994). a volcanic edifice. This third source is located 11.5 km south of 18. Tanaka, H., Tan, I., Uenishi, M., Kimura, M. & Dohmae, K. in Topics in Catalysts (eds Kruse, N., Frennet, A. & Bastin, J.-M.) Vols 16/17, 63–70 (Kluwer Academic, New York, 2001). Lastarria and 6.8 km north of Cordon del Azufre on the border between Chile and Argentina, and is hereafter called ‘Lazufre’. Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on Nature’s website Robledo caldera, in northwest Argentina, is subsiding with U (http://www.nature.com/nature). LOS of 2–2.5 cm yr21. Because the inferred sources are more than a few kilometres deep, any complexities in the source region are damped Acknowledgements such that the observed surface deformation pattern is smooth. -
Area Changes of Glaciers on Active Volcanoes in Latin America Between 1986 and 2015 Observed from Multi-Temporal Satellite Imagery
Journal of Glaciology (2019), 65(252) 542–556 doi: 10.1017/jog.2019.30 © The Author(s) 2019. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Area changes of glaciers on active volcanoes in Latin America between 1986 and 2015 observed from multi-temporal satellite imagery JOHANNES REINTHALER,1,2 FRANK PAUL,1 HUGO DELGADO GRANADOS,3 ANDRÉS RIVERA,2,4 CHRISTIAN HUGGEL1 1Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 2Centro de Estudios Científicos, Valdivia, Chile 3Instituto de Geofisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico 4Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Chile, Chile Correspondence: Johannes Reinthaler <[email protected]> ABSTRACT. Glaciers on active volcanoes are subject to changes in both climate fluctuations and vol- canic activity. Whereas many studies analysed changes on individual volcanoes, this study presents for the first time a comparison of glacier changes on active volcanoes on a continental scale. Glacier areas were mapped for 59 volcanoes across Latin America around 1986, 1999 and 2015 using a semi- automated band ratio method combined with manual editing using satellite images from Landsat 4/5/ 7/8 and Sentinel-2. Area changes were compared with the Smithsonian volcano database to analyse pos- sible glacier–volcano interactions. Over the full period, the mapped area changed from 1399.3 ± 80 km2 − to 1016.1 ± 34 km2 (−383.2 km2)or−27.4% (−0.92% a 1) in relative terms. -
Entidad Municipio Localidad Long Lat
Entidad Municipio Localidad Long Lat Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa ARROYO DE ENMEDIO 963250 182951 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa ARROYO DE PITA 962144 182335 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa BARBASCO 963333 183504 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa CAÑAMAZAL 962938 183357 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa CERRO LAS ÁGUILAS 963256 182618 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa COBAGAR 962601 182659 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa DOÑA RUFINA (EL MIRADOR) 963101 183315 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa EL ARBOLITO 962538 182627 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa EL CARMEN 962521 182907 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa EL CEDRO 962759 183401 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa EL CONEJO 962716 183210 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa EL DORADO 963053 183451 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa EL PORVENIR 962841 183028 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa ESPERANZA 962350 182613 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa JOLIETTE 962239 182452 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa LA ISLETA 962615 182858 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa LA MAGDALENA 962834 182945 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa LA MERCED 962428 182633 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa LA OGADA 962748 183133 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa LA PALMA 962600 182810 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa LA RAYA 962159 182418 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa LA REFORMA 962753 182904 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa LAS CASITAS 962558 183104 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa LAS FLORES 962959 183008 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa LOS ALMENDROS 962809 183408 Oaxaca Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa LOS LIRIOS 963221 183319 -
Earthquake-Induced Landslides in Central America
Engineering Geology 63 (2002) 189–220 www.elsevier.com/locate/enggeo Earthquake-induced landslides in Central America Julian J. Bommer a,*, Carlos E. Rodrı´guez b,1 aDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2BU, UK bFacultad de Ingenierı´a, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Santafe´ de Bogota´, Colombia Received 30 August 2000; accepted 18 June 2001 Abstract Central America is a region of high seismic activity and the impact of destructive earthquakes is often aggravated by the triggering of landslides. Data are presented for earthquake-triggered landslides in the region and their characteristics are compared with global relationships between the area of landsliding and earthquake magnitude. We find that the areas affected by landslides are similar to other parts of the world but in certain parts of Central America, the numbers of slides are disproportionate for the size of the earthquakes. We also find that there are important differences between the characteristics of landslides in different parts of the Central American isthmus, soil falls and slides in steep slopes in volcanic soils predominate in Guatemala and El Salvador, whereas extensive translational slides in lateritic soils on large slopes are the principal hazard in Costa Rica and Panama. Methods for assessing landslide hazards, considering both rainfall and earthquakes as triggering mechanisms, developed in Costa Rica appear not to be suitable for direct application in the northern countries of the isthmus, for which modified approaches are required. D 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Landslides; Earthquakes; Central America; Landslide hazard assessment; Volcanic soils 1. -
The 2019 Eruption Dynamics and Morphology at Ebeko Volcano Monitored by Unoccupied Aircraft Systems (UAS) and Field Stations
remote sensing Article The 2019 Eruption Dynamics and Morphology at Ebeko Volcano Monitored by Unoccupied Aircraft Systems (UAS) and Field Stations Thomas R. Walter 1,* , Alexander Belousov 2, Marina Belousova 2, Tatiana Kotenko 2 and Andreas Auer 3 1 Department of Geophysics, GFZ Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany 2 Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, FED RAS, 683006 Petropavlovsk, Russia; [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (T.K.) 3 Department of Geoscience, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 20 May 2020; Accepted: 16 June 2020; Published: 18 June 2020 Abstract: Vulcanian explosions are hazardous and are often spontaneous and direct observations are therefore challenging. Ebeko is an active volcano on Paramushir Island, northern Kuril Islands, showing characteristic Vulcanian-type activity. In 2019, we started a comprehensive survey using a combination of field station records and repeated unoccupied aircraft system (UAS) surveys to describe the geomorphological features of the edifice and its evolution during ongoing activity. Seismic data revealed the activity of the volcano and were complemented by monitoring cameras, showing a mean explosion interval of 34 min. Digital terrain data generated from UAS quadcopter photographs allowed for the identification of the dimensions of the craters, a structural architecture and the tephra deposition at cm-scale resolution. The UAS was equipped with a thermal camera, which in combination with the terrain data, allowed it to identify fumaroles, volcano-tectonic structures and vents and generate a catalog of 282 thermal spots. The data provide details on a nested crater complex, aligned NNE-SSW, erupting on the northern rim of the former North Crater.