DOCSLIB.ORG

Proefschrift Burgers.Indd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proefschrift Burgers.Indd Resource Management under Stressed Livelihood Conditions Changing livelihoods and management practices in the bufferzone of the Kerinci Seblat National Park, Kerinci District, Sumatra This research and publication have been made possible by the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences (KNAW) and the Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University. Field research has been funded by the World Agroforestry Centre, Southeast Asia Regional Programme, Bogor, Indonesia, during a 4-year secondment from the Directorate General for International Cooperation (DGIS), The Hague. The publication of this book was financially sponsored by the Urban and Regional research centre Utrecht (URU). ISBN 979-398-6-8 Figures: Margriet Ganzeveld (GeoMedia, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University) Lay-out and cover: Rien Rabbers (GeoMedia, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University) All photos by the author Copyright: Paul Burgers, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University 2004. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Resource Management under Stressed Livelihood Conditions Changing livelihoods and management practices in the bufferzone of the Kerinci Seblat National Park, Kerinci District, Sumatra Beheer van hulpbronnen onder toenemende druk op de bestaansmiddelen Veranderende bestaanswijzen en beheerspraktijken in de bufferzone van het Kerinci Seblat Nationaal Park, Kerinci District, Sumatra (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift Ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de Rector Magnificus, Prof.Dr. W.H. Gispen, ingevolge het besluit van het College voor Promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 0 december 2004 des namiddags te 4.30 uur door Paulus Petrus Maria Burgers Geboren op 5 mei 964 te Heerlen Promotor: Prof.Dr. M.L. Vellinga Co-promotor: Dr. M.J. Titus Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University Table of Contents Preface 13 1 Introduction 15 2 Indigenous resource management strategies under stressed livelihood conditions; 21 a review of theories, concepts and approaches 2.1 Resources, livelihoods and sustainability in agrarian societies 21 2.1.1 Types of resources 21 2.1.2 Types of livelihoods 22 2.1.3 Sustainability and sustainable livelihoods; nature or people 22 2.2 Views on sustainable resource management and approaches to livelihoods 24 2.2.1 Economic-demographic views on sustainable resource management 24 2.2.2 Political-economic views on sustainable resource management 26 2.2.3 Socio economic views at the local level 27 2.2.4 Socio-cultural views at the local level 29 2.3 Responses to stresses and shocks in local resource use systems 31 2.3.1 Defining stress, shocks and responsive strategies 32 2.3.2 Resource management strategies, livelihood and sustainability at the local level 33 2.3.3 Livelihood and coping strategies at the household level 35 2.4 The position of indigenous forest management in livelihood and coping strategies 37 2.4.1 Role of indigenous forest management in nature conservation and poverty alleviation 38 2.4.2 Worldviews in indigenous forest management systems 40 2.4.3 Understanding indigenous forest management as an adaptive or coping strategy 42 2.4.4 Socio-economic position and type of forest management strategy 44 2.5 Approach of the study 46 2.6 Research questions and methods 48 2.6.1 Research questions 48 2.6.2 Methodology 48 3 Historical and contemporary dimensions of stresses and shocks in Sumatra and 53 Kerinci 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 Changing rural livelihoods in Sumatra: a politico-historical perspective 53 3.2.1 Sumatra before the Dutch Colonial Rule 54 3.2.2 The Dutch colonial regime in Sumatra 55 3.2.3 A period of returning stresses and shocks; 930s-present 58 3.2.4 Livelihood transformation and social differentiation in Sumatra 62 3.2.5 Changing social organisations and resource allocation mechanisms in Minangkabau 63 society 3.3 Restructuring the Kerinci economy: the effect of development policies on rural 65 livelihoods 3.3.1 The Kerinci Valley before the establishment of Dutch colonial rule 66 3.3.2 Connecting Kerinci with the world: the effects of Dutch development policies 68 3.4 Stresses and shocks from 942 onwards 70 3.5 Village formation processes under stressed livelihood conditions 72 3.5.1 Selampaung; from pioneer subsistence to upland cash crop farming 73 3.5.2 Between survival and accumulation: the emerging village of Masgo 74 3.5.3 Survival strategies in the early 960s; the establishment of Pelompek village 76 3.6 Kerinci District and the research villages at present-day 77 3.6.1 The geographical setting 77 3.6.2 The current livelihood options in the research villages 80 3.6.3 Social differentiation in the study areas 81 3.6.4 Gender differentiation 84 3.7 Conclusion 85 4 Livelihood and coping mechanisms at the community and household level in 87 food crop farming 4.1 Introduction 87 4.2 Informal coping mechanisms: community and kinship institutions of food-crop 89 production in the research villages 4.3 Long-term access to ricefields: permanent ownership 92 4.4 Agricultural intensification and food-security: choosing among different rice varieties 94 4.5 Coping with temporal food insecurity 96 4.5.1 Stabilising or improving food-security in the research villages 98 4.5.2 Sharecropping 99 4.5.3 Land renting and borrowing and short-term labour relations 101 4.5.4 The role of daylabour and group labour in decreasing short term livelihood 103 vulnerability 4.6 Combining strategies aimed at food-security through on-farm cultivation 104 4.6.1 Survey households with their hak gilir at the time of research 105 4.6.2 Alternatives for overcoming food-insecurity in the intervening years. 105 4.6.3 Cultivation regimes followed by survey households excluded from the giliran system. 106 4.7 Conclusion 107 5 The role of the tree-based systems in constructing a sustainable livelihood 111 5.1 Introduction 111 5.2 Changing land cover in the upland areas of the research villages 112 5.3 Multi-strata agroforests in Selampaung and Masgo 117 5.3.1 The agroforest: a winning team 118 5.3.2 The management of the agroforest 120 5.4 Dispersed tree systems in Pelompek 122 5.5 Rice cultivation and agroforest management in household livelihood strategies 127 5.6 Hiring labour in the uplands: paid labour and sharecropping 130 5.7 Household resources and biodiversity management in Selampaung and Masgo 132 5.8 Crop production in the upland fields 136 5.8.1 Production of cinnamon trees 136 5.8.2 Coffee production 137 5.8.3 Vegetable production 138 5.9 Conclusion 139 6 Securing a livelihood: livelihood strategies in the research villages 143 6.1 Introduction 143 6.2 Conditioning factors of livelihood strategies at the household and individual level 143 6.3 Building resilient types of livelihood in Selampaung and Masgo 145 6.3.1 Accumulation strategies in Selampaung and Masgo 147 6.3.2 Survival strategies in Selampaung and Masgo 151 6.3.3 Consolidation strategies in Selampaung and Masgo 155 6.4 Livelihood strategies in Pelompek 158 6.4.1 Accumulation strategies in Pelompek 161 6.4.2 Survival strategies in Pelompek 163 6.4.3 Consolidation strategies in Pelompek 164 6.5 The multiple role of cinnamon trees in the construction of a livelihood 167 6.6 Increased multi-locality for livelihood security 170 6.6.1 The role of local networks and informal institutions 170 6.6.2 Formal aspects of local networks: migration policies in the Kerinci District 172 6.6.3 Formal and informal transnational networks 173 6.7 Conclusion 174 7 Sustainable livelihoods put to the test: the economic crisis and its aftermath 179 (997-2003) 7.1 The monetary and economic crisis in Indonesia 179 7.1.1 From krismon to kristal 180 7.1.2 The agricultural sector during the economic crisis 181 7.2 Price developments and household responses during the krismon in Kerinci 182 (997-998) 7.2.1 Price developments in relation to rice cultivation 182 7.2.2 Price developments and production for major perennial cash crops 183 7.2.3 Price developments for annual crops: chili, potatoes, groundnuts and rice 186 7.3 Migration into Kerinci District 186 7.3.1 Reasons for migration 186 7.3.2 Socio-economic characteristics of migrants 189 7.4 Survival strategies: rice cultivation and short term options for paid labour 190 7.4.1 Survival through rice cultivation 190 7.4.2 Paid labour in livelihood survival: harian and borongan 192 7.5 Accumulation strategies during 997-998; the upland fields 193 7.6 Natural resource management during the windfall (997-998) 195 7.7 The aftermath of the crisis: late 998-2003 197 7.7.1 Price developments of the major crops in the Kerinci District 198 7.7.2 Minimum level of livelihood survival in the upland areas of Selampaung and Masgo 200 7.7.3 Minimum requirements for survival from vegetable cultivation in Pelompek 202 7.8 Household response mechanisms in the aftermath of the crisis 203 7.8.1 Multi-local livelihoods and migration 203 7.8.2 Revival of traditional sharecropping deals for livelihood survival 205 7.8.3 The introduction of formal safety nets 206 7.9 Natural resource management 207 7.10 Conclusion 208 8 Summary, conclusion and epilogue 213 8.1 Summary and conclusion 213 8.1.1 Dynamics in sustainable livelihoods under conditions of stress and shock 213 8.1.2 Livelihoods and social change: new and old forms of building security 213 8.1.3 Increasing portfolios of activities and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Analysis of the Dominance of Minang Dialect in Kerinci Society
    INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017 ISSN: 2528-3804 AN ANALYSIS OF THE DOMINANCE OF MINANG DIALECT IN KERINCI SOCIETY Okti Wilymafidini1 1Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Nusantara Sakti (STIA-NUSA) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Nusantara Sungai Penuh Kerinci Jambi Telp & Fax. (0748) 22872 Email: [email protected] Abstract: This research aims at explaining the dominance of Minang Dialect in Kerinci Society, the factors that influence the dominance of Minang Dialect in Kerinci society and the way to maintain Kerinci language from the influence of Minang language. This is a descriptive research because it described data and characteristics about the phenomenon being studied. The data was gotten through observation. Besides, the researcher also did library research and compared to the theory used to answer the problems in this research. From the data conducted, it can be seen that the dominance of Minang dialects in Kerinci society can be found in the market and in the restaurants. It means that Kerinci language is influenced by Minang language. This is due to Kerinci and Minang are neighbors. Besides, Minang people who stay in Kerinci always use Minang language especially in doing selling and buying transaction and this gives influence to the use of Kerinci language. Thus, to maintain Kerinci language, there are some steps that can be done such as standardization of Kerinci language, so that people know which one is Kerinci language and which one is not. Besides, Kerinci language dictionary should be available and people have to use the original language of Kerinci instead of Minang language in daily communication.
    [Show full text]
  • Index of Cultural Significance As a Potential Tool for Conservation of Plants Diversity by Communities in the Kerinci Seblat National Park
    JMHT Vol. 21, (3): 192-201, December 2015 Scientific Article EISSN: 2089-2063 ISSN: 2087-0469 DOI: 10.7226/jtfm.21.3.192 Index of Cultural Significance as a Potential Tool for Conservation of Plants Diversity by Communities in The Kerinci Seblat National Park Asvic Helida1*, Ervizal Amir Muhammad Zuhud2, Hardjanto3, Purwanto4, Agus Hikmat2 1 Graduate School of Bogor Agricultural University, Dramaga Main Road, Campus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680 2 Department of Forest Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Academic Ring Road, Campus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680 3Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Academic Ring Road, Campus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680 4 Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Cibinong Science Centre, Cibinong Received October 13, 2015/Accepted December 21, 2015 Abstract The Kerinci community is an Indonesian indigenous people who live in Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province. They have local knowledge of the surrounding vegetation that has become a cultural unifying factor within the community. The study reported here aimed to analyze the importance of plants of particular cultural significance and to review efforts to conserve these plants based on Kerinci cultural values. The study was conducted for eight months from October 2013 to May 2014 at three locations chosen purposively, they were Lempur Baru Village, Lama Tamiai Village and Ulu Jernih Village. The data was obtained using a participatory observation approach, based on key informant interviews, while the assessment of plant distribution was based on a whole-of-community viewpoint. The research data consisted of data on the botany of the plants, on the utilization of the plants and on assessment of plant distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Malay Dialects of the Batanghari River Basin (Jambi, Sumatra)
    Malay Dialects of the Batanghari River Basin (Jambi, Sumatra) Malay title: DIALEK MELAYU DI LEMBAH SUNGAI BATANGHARI (JAMBI, SUMATRA) Karl Ronald Anderbeck SIL International SIL e-Books 6 ©2008 SIL International Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2007-942663 ISBN-13: 978-155671-189-3 ISSN: 1934-2470 Fair Use Policy Books published in the SIL e-Books (SILEB) series are intended for scholarly research and educational use. You may make copies of these publications for research or instructional purposes free of charge (within fair use guidelines) and without further permission. Republication or commercial use of SILEB or the documents contained therein is expressly prohibited without the written consent of the copyright holder(s). Series Editor Mary Ruth Wise Volume Editors Doris Bartholomew Alanna Boutin Compositor Margaret González ii Contents List of Tables................................................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. viii List of Maps................................................................................................................................................... ix Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... x Abstrak .........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88992-6 - a History of Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1400–1830 Barbara Watson Andaya and Leonard Y
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88992-6 - A History of Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1400–1830 Barbara Watson Andaya and Leonard Y. Andaya Index More information INDEX abaca 31, 109 Anawrahta, King 62–65, 71, Babullah, Sultan 166–167 Aceh 59, 133, 140, 151–153, 191, 93 Bacan 111–112, 310 194, 197–199, 234, ancestor veneration 45, 74, 78, Badui 105–106 251–252, 300 80, 91, 101, 106, 195, Baghdad, Mongol conquest of Aden 134, 151 232 19 Ageng Tirtayasa, Sultan 204–205 Ang Chan, King 324, 329 Bagyidaw, King 317–319 agriculture Ang Eng, Prince 274 Balambangan 261 dry-rice see dry-rice Angkor 6–7, 46, 65–68, 122, 227, Bali 37, 80, 154–155, 205, expansion 37–38, 98–99 274 305–306 plantation agriculture see also Khmer Ban Phlu Luang dynasty expansion 210, 220, Angkor Thom 67 269–272 240–244 Angkor Wat 66–68, 175, 245 Banda archipelago 21, 111, 197, slash and burn/swidden Anglo-Burmese relations 210, 233, 313 cultivation 36, 113–114, 317–319 Bangka island 251–252 195 Anglo-Burmese wars 285, Bangkok 274, 319, 321–325 and volcanic soil 37 318–319, 342 Banten Girang 20, 105 wet-rice see wet-rice Anglo-Dutch treaty (1824) 285, Banten 105, 133–140, 155, Agung, Sultan 202–203, 245 293–294, 301, 342 157–158, 191, 199, ahmudan 64, 217–218, 264 Anglo-Dutch War (1780-4) 285, 202–205, 257, 305 al-Kahar, Sultan Alauddin 298–299 baptism see Christianity Riayat Syah 152–153 Antipolo 208 barangay, cabeza de 28, 161, 206 Alauddin III, Sultan 141 archaeological finds 17–18, 20, Batak 38–39, 95, 104 Alaungpaya, King 249, 266–268, 30, 32, 87, 95, 108 Batanes
    [Show full text]
  • Local Resistance in Kerinci in the 20Th Century: Depati Parbo and The
    TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, 8(1) October 2016 TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Volume 9(2), April 2018 M. DIEN MADJID & JOHAN WAHYUDI Local Resistance in Kerinci in the 20th Century: Depati Parbo and the People’s Struggle Against the Power of the Dutch East Indies (A Study of Archives and Oral History) ABSTRACT: Kerinci is one of the regencies in Jambi province, Sumatera island, Indonesia. This region has a number of past stories that have not been widely known, especially from outside the region. This historical story still lives in the nuances of locality that spread in a certain area. Local history tales are often underestimated, as they are considered unimportant to be discussed by people from other regions. Beyond that, local history has the potential to correct, alter or add to the familiar historical discourse. One of Kerinci’s local history themes is the story of Depati Parbo’s struggle against Dutch colonialists in the early twentieth century. The Dutch had made Kerinci as the target mastery for a long time. The White people were tempted by the many advantages gained from this effort, such as the mastery over the salt lane, the variety of valuable forest products, and the clearing of plantations. The effort was responded with the defense of Kerinci people raised by the leaders of Kerinci society, including Depati Parbo. This © 2016 by Minda Masagi Press and UIN SGD Bandung, West Java, Indonesia i study uses a social history approach, which photographs social solidarity that grows dueISSN to 2085-0980 a cause.and Thewww .mindamas-journals.com/index.php/tawarikh findings show that the emergence of heroism in the body of Kerinci society is caused by the threat that was spread by the Dutch East Indies troops, who wanted to establish influence there.
    [Show full text]
  • Pusaka Kerinci Manuscripts
    PUSAKA Kerinci Manuscripts Uli Kozok One can safely say that the Tanjung Tanah manuscript TK 214, originally written in Dharmasraya, some 250 kilometres from Kerinci, owes its existence to the people of Kerinci who safeguarded the manuscript for almost 700 years as one of their sacred heirlooms. It is for this very reason that we find it not only appropriate but necessary to discuss the circumstances that led to the survival of the manuscript and to introduce the amazing collection of manuscripts spread over dozens of villages in the residency of Kerinci. The tradition of keeping sacred heirlooms is not limited to the people of Kerinci but is widespread in the Indonesian archipelago. Although Islam is now universally embraced as the only religion of the Kerinci people, pre- Islamic customs often survived or were reshaped or reinterpreted to be coherent with Islamic beliefs. A unique blend of adat (customs) and agama (religion) is indeed characteristic of the Indonesian society as a whole. The pre-Islamic religion of at least most parts of western Indonesia was characterized by a syncretism of ancestor worshipping with Hindu-Buddhist and animist elements. This set of beliefs did not automatically vanish with the introduction of Islam, and is especially evident in the veneration for the forefathers that still holds a high place among many Muslim Indonesians. The sacred heirlooms called pusaka are a living manifestation of the glory of the ancestors, and were especially important for the traditional ruling elite for whom they served as a concrete symbol of authority, legitimacy, lineage, and succession. 01 TTCL 8thPrf.indd 1 11/26/14 3:22:27 PM Uli Kozok In Kerinci, pusaka are mainly found within the traditional ruling lineages and are in the possession of the depati.
    [Show full text]
  • Pelestarian Harimau Sumatera Kerinci-Seblat & Associated Program
    Pelestarian Harimau Sumatera Kerinci-Seblat & associated program activities 2005 Kerinci-Seblat Tiger Protection & Conservation Acknowledgements We are grateful to many individuals and organisations in Indonesia and overseas for their support for this program in 2005. We first thank our donors for their generous support for this program and the local NGOs with whom we are now working: National Fish & Wildlife Foundation Exxon-Mobil ‘Save the Tiger’ Fund, United States Fish & Wildlife Service, Bosack & Kruger Foundation, 21st Century Tiger in UK and Dreamworld and the Australia Zoo in Australia. We also extend our grateful thanks to IUCN Holland who are supporting activities by the Jambi chapter of the national NGO WALHI in forests bordering the Sipurak ecosystem on the Kerinci-Merangin district borders. These foundations and organizations not only provided financial support for our work and our partners but, in many cases, were a source of practical advice and help-in-kind – for instance the digital cameras now used by the teams were supplied by Australia Zoo and have revolutionized our ability to quickly document operations and other activities : Many individuals were very generous with their time and expertise; in particular we thank Sarah Christie of 21st Century Tiger, Giles Clark and Dr John Hanger of Australia Zoo and Malay sunbear specialist Gabriella Frederikson. The legal advocacy NGO LASA in Jakarta provided support and lobby for a legal case which showed signs of failing to proceed satisfactorily even though the suspect had been caught red-handed. .. In Indonesia, the team received the support and advice of very many people: for support and encouragement, we thank the director of Kerinci Seblat National Park Dr Suwartono and his deputy, Pak Kholid, Untung Wantoro, who runs the Legal Unit of the national park, and Pak Maraden Purba, director of KSDA in Jambi, and pak Agus Setyabudi, director of KSDA Bengkulu.
    [Show full text]
  • Phrasal Alternation in Kerinci
    Phrasal Alternation in Kerinci Published by LOT phone: +31 30 253 6111 Trans 10 3512 JK Utrecht e-mail: [email protected] The Netherlands http://www.lotschool.nl Cover illustration: Andi Empe. All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-94-6093-240-3 NUR 616 Copyright © 2017: Ernanda. All rights reserved. Phrasal Alternation in Kerinci Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker, volgens het besluit van College voor Promoties te verdedigen op dinsdag 23 mei 2017 klokke 11:15 uur door Ernanda geboren te Pondok Tinggi in 1983 Promotores: Prof. Dr. Willem F.H. Adelaar Prof. Dr. Hein Steinhauer Co-promotor: Dr. Tom G. Hoogervorst Promotiecommissie: Prof. Dr. Maarten P.G.M. Mous Prof. Dr. K. Alexander Adelaar (University of Melbourne) Prof. Dr. Helen de Hoop (Radboud University Nijmegen) Prof. Dr. Lourens de Vries (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) Dr. Felix K. Ameka Dr. Aone T.P.G. van Engelenhoven This research was fully funded by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs through Netherlands Fellowship Programmes. Kuto keraeh mangganton padoi Uha manumbauk ka sunge tena Keraeh atai kaau neh badua Lao tatumbauk lao atai sena For My Parents Table of contents Table of contents ........................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements ..................................................................................... xiii Conventions and abbreviations ....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Contesting Knowledge of Land Access Claims in Jambi, Indonesia
    ii Contesting Knowledge of Land Access Claims in Jambi, Indonesia Dissertation zur Erlangung des mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades "Doctor rerum naturalium" der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen im Promotionsprogramm Geowissenschaften / Geographie der Georg-August University School of Science (GAUSS) vorgelegt von Rina Mardiana Aus Bandung, Indonesien Göttingen 2017 Betreuungsausschuss: Prof. Dr. Heiko Faust Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Fakultät für Geowissenschaften und Geographie, Geographisches Institut, Abteilung Humangeographie Prof. Dr. Christoph Dittrich Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Fakultät für Geowissenschaften und Geographie, Geographisches Institut, Abteilung Humangeographie Mitglieder der Prüfungskommission Referent: Prof. Dr. Heiko Faust, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Fakultät für Geowissenschaften und Geographie, Geographisches Institut, Abteilung Humangeographie Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Christoph Dittrich, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Fakultät für Geowissenschaften und Geographie, Geographisches Institut, Abteilung Humangeographie Weitere Mitglieder der Prüfungskommission Prof. Dr. Endriatmo Soetarto Bogor Agricultural University, the Faculty of Human Ecology, Department of Communication and Community Development Sciences Prof. Dr. Daniela Sauer Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Abteilung Physische Geographie Dr. Soeryo Adiwibowo Bogor Agricultural University, the Faculty of Human Ecology, Department of Communication and Community Development Sciences Dr. Stefanie Steinebach Georg-August-Universität
    [Show full text]
  • Tree Planting in Indonesia: Trends, Impacts and Directions
    CHAPTER 3 JAMBI COMPARISONS: REMAKING THE LAND USE MAP IN A SMALL SUMATRAN PROVINCE In this chapter we will examine the extent to which Jambi 3) the higher foothills and slopes of the Barisan tree planting follows the patterns discovered in West Mountains in the west (including the fertile volcanic Kalimantan. The analysis will be less detailed, valley of Kerinci), together with other hilly zones, concentrating particularly on areas where emphases are especially along the northern and southern borders different. Initial fieldwork was carried out in Jambi in with Riau and South Sumatra. November 1997 with a follow-up to seek further information in February 1998. Many of the forested hills and mountains are now officially included in conservation areas, such as the Regions, Population Change and the huge Kerinci Seblat National Park (Taman Nasional Smallholder Economy Kerinci Seblat, TNKS) which covers parts of four provinces, the Gunung Tigapuluh Protected Forest along Described not long ago as still an agricultural frontier the Riau border and the smaller Gunung Duabelas (Rice 1989), Jambi is characterised by three very distinct Biosphere Reserve, which lies entirely within the regions (see Map 3.1): province. In terms of tree planting, the coconut/wet rice 1) the marshy coast with large areas of peat forest, system established almost a century ago by Banjarese especially in the Berbak National Park; and later Buginese immigrants dominates the coast, 2) an intermediate flat-to-gently rolling region of rather merging westwards into an extensive district where poor soils, now with only isolated forest remnants1; smallholder rubber is still the most important land use, and but is increasingly being replaced by oil palm.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Unveiling Secrets of the Past Through the Passage of Malay
    Title Unveiling secrets of the past through the passage of Malay scripts Author(s) Mohamed Pitchay Gani Bin Mohamed Abdul Aziz Source BiblioAsia, 6(2), 19-23 Published by National Library Board, Singapore This document may be used for private study or research purpose only. This document or any part of it may not be duplicated and/or distributed without permission of the copyright owner. The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. This article was produced for BiblioAsia (Volume 6, Issue 2, 2010), a publication of the National Library Board, Singapore. © 2010 National Library Board, Singapore Archived with permission of the copyright owner. Feature 19 Unveiling Secrets of the Past By Mohamed Pitchay Gani Bin through the Passage of Malay Scripts Mohamed Abdul Aziz Teaching Fellow I National Institute of Education Nanyang Technological University “They neither built pyramids of copper, Nor tombstones of bronze for themselves […], But they left their heritage in their writings, In the exhortations that they composed.” From the ancient Egyptian ‘Praise to the scribes’1 INTRODUCTION Early civilisations have left behind vestiges of their existence such as artefacts and monuments that glorify their achievements and accomplishments. Their scripts especially allow modern researchers to peer into the soul of their civilisations. Tham2 deduced that there are interplays between language and culture, and between culture and the environment, with regards to the Malay language and its scripts. Such synergies can be observed in the journey of the Malay manuscript from its earliest form to its modern day script. Consequently the interaction culminates with the oldest Malay script in the world, the oldest manuscript in Southeast Asia, and, more importantly resurrecting new insights on ancient stone inscriptions.
    [Show full text]
  • Seni Silat Haqq: a Study in Malay Mysticism
    SENI SILAT HAQQ: A STUDY IN MALAY MYSTICISM DOUGLAS STEPHEN FARRER (B.A. (Hons.), M.A.) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2006 Acknowledgements This research project was sponsored by The Department of Sociology at The National University of Singapore who awarded me a research scholarship, teaching assistant post, and a resident fellowship between 2001 and 2007. Being based in Singapore facilitated several bursts of intensive field work into Malaysia and promoted access to the Singaporean Malay community. Special thanks are due to my principal supervisor, A/P Roxana Waterson, for her patient guidance, amusing anecdotes, and loans of rare books. A/P Farid Alatas and Professor Mutalib Hussin were my second and third supervisors and I thank them for their useful suggestions and comments on my work. A/P Hing Ai Yun gave important early suggestions. A/P Maribeth Erb was a continual source of encouragement and insight. Dr. Todd and Anne Ames extended much needed friendship. The administrative staff, especially Choon Lan, Rajah, and Brenda were a great help. Thanks also to A/P John Miksik and Dr. Kyle Latinis. Professor Jim Fox encouraged my focus upon the Naqshbandi Sufi Order. Dr. Geoffrey Benjamin and Dr. Vivienne Wee provoked stimulating discussions on Malay topics. Dr. Michael Roberts encouraged me to think about silat and death. Dr. Ellis Finkelstein taught me the ethnographic method. This thesis is the outcome of a montage of individually provided information and I must extend my thanks to all the people that have helped me to undertake it.
    [Show full text]