DOCSLIB.ORG

Hybrid Communities: Biosocial Approaches to Domestication and Other Trans-Species Relationships

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hybrid Communities: Biosocial Approaches to Domestication and Other Trans-Species Relationships Hybrid Communities Domestication challenges our understanding of human-environment relationships because it blurs the dichotomy between what is artificial and what is natural. In domestication, biological evolution, environmental change, techniques and practices, anthropological trajectories and sociocultural choices are inextricably interconnected. Domestication is essentially a hybrid phenomenon that needs to be explored with hybrid scientific approaches. Hybrid Communities: Biosocial Approaches to Domestication and Other Trans- species Relationships attempts for the first time to explore domestication viewed from across disciplines both in its origins and as an ongoing process. This edited collection proposes new biosocial approaches and concepts which integrate the methods of social sciences, archaeology and biology to shed new light on domestication in diachrony and in synchrony. This book will be of great interest to all scholars working on human-environment relationships, and should also attract readers from the fields of social anthropology, archaeology, genetics, ecology, botany, zoology, history and philosophy. Charles Stépanoff is a social anthropologist (Laboratoire d’anthropologie sociale, École pratique des hautes études, Sorbonne, France). His research interests include human-animal relationships in hunting, herding and shamanism in North Asia. Jean-Denis Vigne is an archaeologist (Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelles, Sorbonne Universités, France). His research interests lie in archaeozoology, focused on interaction dynamics between animals and human societies, namely domestication, since the last hunters to the preindustrial farmer societies, mostly in the Mediterranean area, Southwest Asia and Central Asia and China. Routledge Studies in Anthropology Counterfeit Itineraries in the Global South The Human Consequences of Piracy in China and Brazil Rosana Pinheiro-Machado Culture as a System How We Know the Meaning and Significance of What We Do and Say David B. Kronenfeld Distortion Social Processes Beyond the Structured and Systemic Edited by Nigel Rapport Critical Times in Greece Anthropological Engagements with the Crisis Edited by Dimitris Dalakoglou and Georgos Agelopoulos An Ethnography of Global Environmentalism Becoming Friends of the Earth Caroline Gatt Linguistic and Material Intimacies of Cell Phones Edited by Joshua A. Bell and Joel C. Kuipers Hybrid Communities Biosocial Approaches to Domestication and Other Trans-species Relationships Edited by Charles Stépanoff and Jean-Denis Vigne Orthodox Christian Material Culture Of People and Things in the Making of Heaven Timothy Carroll For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/Routledge- Studies-in-Anthropology/book-series/SE0724 Hybrid Communities Biosocial Approaches to Domestication and Other Trans-species Relationships Edited by Charles Stépanoff and Jean-Denis Vigne First published 2019 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2019 selection and editorial matter, Charles Stépanoff and Jean-Denis Vigne; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Charles Stépanoff and Jean-Denis Vigne to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Stépanoff, Charles, editor. | Vigne, Jean-Denis, editor. Title: Hybrid communities : biosocial approaches to domestication and other trans-species relationships / edited by Charles Stépanoff and Jean-Denis Vigne. Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge studies in anthropology ; 46 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017058517 (print) | LCCN 2018016153 (ebook) | ISBN 9781315179988 (ebook) | ISBN 9781351717984 (web pdf) | ISBN 9781351717977 (epub) | ISBN 9781351717960 (mobi/kindle) | ISBN 9781138893993 (hardback : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Domestication. | Nature—Effect of human beings on. | Human-animal relationships. | Human-plant relationships. Classification: LCC SF41 (ebook) | LCC SF41 .H94 2018 (print) | DDC 636—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017058517 ISBN: 978-1-138-89399-3 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-17998-8 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Apex CoVantage, LLC Contents List of figures ix List of tables xi List of contributors xiii Introduction 1 CHARLES STÉPANOFF AND JEAN-DENIS VIGNE PART I Liminal processes: beyond the wild and the domestic 21 1 A genetic perspective on the domestication continuum 23 LAURENT A. F. FRANTZ AND GREGER LARSON 2 Self-domestication or human control? The Upper Palaeolithic domestication of the wolf 39 MIETJE GERMONPRÉ, MARTINA LÁZNIČKOVÁ-GALETOVÁ, MIKHAIL V. SABLIN AND HERVÉ BOCHERENS 3 Beyond wild and domestic: human complex relationships with dogs, wolves, and wolf-dog hybrids 65 NICOLAS LESCUREUX 4 Wild game or farm animal? Tracking human-pig relationships in ancient times through stable isotope analysis 81 MARIE BALASSE, THOMAS CUCCHI, ALLOWEN EVIN, ADRIAN BĂLĂŞESCU, DELPHINE FRÉMONDEAU AND MARIE-PIERRE HORARD-HERBIN 5 Arable weeds as a case study in plant-human relationships beyond domestication 97 AMY BOGAARD, MOHAMMED ATER AND JOHN G. HODGSON vi Contents PART II How domestication changes humans’ bodies and sociality 113 6 From fighting against to becoming with: viruses as companion species 115 CHARLOTTE BRIVES 7 Milk as a pivotal medium in the domestication of cattle, sheep and goats 127 MÉLANIE ROFFET-SALQUE, ROSALIND E. GILLIS, RICHARD P. EVERSHED AND JEAN-DENIS VIGNE 8 Watching the horses: the impact of horses on early pastoralists’ sociality and political ethos in Inner Asia 145 GALA ARGENT PART III Shared places, entangled lives 163 9 Growing a shared landscape: plants and humans over generations among the Duupa farmers of northern Cameroon 165 ÉRIC GARINE, ADELINE BARNAUD AND CHRISTINE RAIMOND 10 Fig and olive domestication in the Rif, northern Morocco: entangled human and tree lives and history 179 YILDIZ AUMEERUDDY-THOMAS AND YOUNES HMIMSA 11 Cooperating with the wild: past and present auxiliary animals assisting humans in their foraging activities 197 EDMOND DOUNIAS 12 Why did the Khamti not domesticate their elephants? Building a hybrid sociality with tamed elephants 221 NICOLAS LAINÉ 13 Cognition and emotions in dog domestication 235 SARAH JEANNIN Contents vii PART IV Ongoing transformations 249 14 Domestication and animal labour 251 JOCELYNE PORCHER AND SOPHIE NICOD 15 Human-dog-reindeer communities in the Siberian Arctic and Subarctic 261 KONSTANTIN KLOKOV AND VLADIMIR DAVYDOV 16 Domesticating the machine? (Re)configuring domestication practices in robotic dairy farming 275 SÉVERINE LAGNEAUX 17 From parasite to reared insect: humans and mosquitoes in Réunion Island 289 SANDRINE DUPÉ Index 302 Figures 0.1 Hybrid communities. 12 1.1 Schematic of various models of domestication and their effect on genetic diversity. 25 2.1 Dorsal view of a Pleistocene wolf skull from the Gravettian Předmostí site. 43 2.2 Dorsal view of the Palaeolithic dog skull from the Goyet cave. 44 4.1 Results from stable carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N) analysis of bone collagen from pigs, sheep and human remains from the mediaeval city of York. 84 4.2 Reliance of pigs on domestic farmed food (millet, animal protein scraps) in Dadiwan in ancient China, as evidenced from stable isotope composition of bone collagen. 87 4.3 Gradual changes through time in pigs’ diet in Xiawanggang, with an increasing contribution of millet and animal proteins. 89 4.4 A: Stable isotope ratios in bone collagen of the main species from the Gumelniţa culture assemblages at Borduşani-Popină, Hârşova-tell and Vităneşti-Măgurice. B : Stable isotope ratios in bone collagen from suids with small ‘domestic’, large ‘wild’ and large ‘domestic’ molars (from geometric morphometric analyses). 91 5.1 Display of gathered plants including weedy Malva spp., market, Jeblia, Rif region, Morocco. 101 5.2 Vicia sativa subsp. nigra , growing as a weed of cereals in the oasis of Imin-o-Iaouane on the southern slopes of the High Atlas, Morocco. 102 5.3 Harvested décrue barley field, showing spiny weeds (Echinops spinosus ), Guelmim province, Morocco. 103 7.1 Proportion of animal fat residues identified as milk fats, ruminant and non-ruminant adipose fats and aquatic fats in archaeological sherds from the Neolithic in Europe and the Near East. 133 7.2 Detail of a milking scene from rock art in a rockshelter at Tasigmet, Oued Djerrat (Tassili-n-Ajjer). 135 7.3 Hypothetical cattle kill-off profiles. 136 8.1 Reconstruction of the Berel 11 burial mound. 147 x Figures 8.2 Typical Pazyryk bridle structure
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Washington Gray Wolf Conservation and Management 2016 Annual Report
    WASHINGTON GRAY WOLF CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT 2016 ANNUAL REPORT A cooperative effort by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Confederated Colville Tribes, Spokane Tribe of Indians, USDA-APHIS Wildlife Services, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Photo: WDFW This report presents information on the status, distribution, and management of wolves in the State of Washington from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2016. This report may be copied and distributed as needed. Suggested Citation: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Confederated Colville Tribes, Spokane Tribe of Indians, USDA-APHIS Wildlife Services, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2017. Washington Gray Wolf Conservation and Management 2016 Annual Report. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Colville, WA, USA. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were classified as an endangered species in Washington under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1973. In 2011, wolves in the eastern third of Washington were removed from federal protections under the ESA. Wolves in the western two- thirds of Washington continue to be protected under the ESA and are classified as an endangered species under federal law. In December 2011, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) Commission formally adopted the Wolf Conservation and Management Plan to guide recovery and management of gray wolves as they naturally recolonize the State of Washington. At present, wolves are classified as an endangered species under state law (WAC 232-12-014) throughout Washington regardless of federal status. Washington is composed of three recovery areas which include Eastern Washington, the Northern Cascades, and the Southern Cascades and Northwest Coast.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of the Dominance of Minang Dialect in Kerinci Society
    INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017 ISSN: 2528-3804 AN ANALYSIS OF THE DOMINANCE OF MINANG DIALECT IN KERINCI SOCIETY Okti Wilymafidini1 1Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Nusantara Sakti (STIA-NUSA) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Nusantara Sungai Penuh Kerinci Jambi Telp & Fax. (0748) 22872 Email: [email protected] Abstract: This research aims at explaining the dominance of Minang Dialect in Kerinci Society, the factors that influence the dominance of Minang Dialect in Kerinci society and the way to maintain Kerinci language from the influence of Minang language. This is a descriptive research because it described data and characteristics about the phenomenon being studied. The data was gotten through observation. Besides, the researcher also did library research and compared to the theory used to answer the problems in this research. From the data conducted, it can be seen that the dominance of Minang dialects in Kerinci society can be found in the market and in the restaurants. It means that Kerinci language is influenced by Minang language. This is due to Kerinci and Minang are neighbors. Besides, Minang people who stay in Kerinci always use Minang language especially in doing selling and buying transaction and this gives influence to the use of Kerinci language. Thus, to maintain Kerinci language, there are some steps that can be done such as standardization of Kerinci language, so that people know which one is Kerinci language and which one is not. Besides, Kerinci language dictionary should be available and people have to use the original language of Kerinci instead of Minang language in daily communication.
    [Show full text]
  • Northeastern Coyote/Coywolf Taxonomy and Admixture: a Meta-Analysis
    Way and Lynn Northeastern coyote taxonomy Copyright © 2016 by the IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. ISSN 1478-2677 Synthesis Northeastern coyote/coywolf taxonomy and admixture: A meta-analysis Jonathan G. Way1* and William S. Lynn2 1 Eastern Coyote Research, 89 Ebenezer Road, Osterville, MA 02655, USA. Email [email protected] 2 Marsh Institute, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA. Email [email protected] * Correspondence author Keywords: Canis latrans, Canis lycaon, Canis lupus, Canis oriens, cladogamy, coyote, coywolf, eastern coyote, eastern wolf, hybridisation, meta-analysis, northeastern coyote, wolf. Abstract A flurry of recent papers have attempted to taxonomically characterise eastern canids, mainly grey wolves Canis lupus, eastern wolves Canis lycaon or Canis lupus lycaon and northeastern coyotes or coywolves Canis latrans, Canis latrans var. or Canis latrans x C. lycaon, in northeastern North America. In this paper, we performed a meta-analysis on northeastern coyote taxonomy by comparing results across studies to synthesise what is known about genetic admixture and taxonomy of this animal. Hybridisation or cladogamy (the crossing between any given clades) be- tween coyotes, wolves and domestic dogs created the northeastern coyote, but the animal now has little genetic in- put from its parental species across the majority of its northeastern North American (e.g. the New England states) range except in areas where they overlap, such as southeastern Canada, Ohio and Pennsylvania, and the mid- Atlantic area. The northeastern coyote has roughly 60% genetic influence from coyote, 30% wolf and 10% domestic dog Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris. There is still disagreement about the amount of eastern wolf versus grey wolf in its genome, and additional SNP genotyping needs to sample known eastern wolves from Algonquin Pro- vincial Park, Ontario to verify this.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 76 Monday, No. 181 September 19, 2011 Pages 57897–58088
    Vol. 76 Monday, No. 181 September 19, 2011 Pages 57897–58088 OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER VerDate Mar 15 2010 18:22 Sep 16, 2011 Jkt 223001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4710 Sfmt 4710 E:\FR\FM\19SEWS.LOC 19SEWS sroberts on DSK5SPTVN1PROD with RULES II Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 181 / Monday, September 19, 2011 The FEDERAL REGISTER (ISSN 0097–6326) is published daily, SUBSCRIPTIONS AND COPIES Monday through Friday, except official holidays, by the Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records PUBLIC Administration, Washington, DC 20408, under the Federal Register Subscriptions: Act (44 U.S.C. Ch. 15) and the regulations of the Administrative Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 Committee of the Federal Register (1 CFR Ch. I). The Assistance with public subscriptions 202–512–1806 Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 is the exclusive distributor of the official General online information 202–512–1530; 1–888–293–6498 edition. Periodicals postage is paid at Washington, DC. Single copies/back copies: The FEDERAL REGISTER provides a uniform system for making Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 available to the public regulations and legal notices issued by Assistance with public single copies 1–866–512–1800 Federal agencies. These include Presidential proclamations and (Toll-Free) Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general FEDERAL AGENCIES applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published Subscriptions: by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest. Paper or fiche 202–741–6005 Documents are on file for public inspection in the Office of the Assistance with Federal agency subscriptions 202–741–6005 Federal Register the day before they are published, unless the issuing agency requests earlier filing.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Genomic Analysis of North American Eastern Wolves (Canis Lycaon) Supports Their Conservation Priority Status
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Population Genomic Analysis of North American Eastern Wolves (Canis lycaon) Supports Their Conservation Priority Status Elizabeth Heppenheimer 1,† , Ryan J. Harrigan 2,†, Linda Y. Rutledge 1,3 , Klaus-Peter Koepfli 4,5, Alexandra L. DeCandia 1 , Kristin E. Brzeski 1,6, John F. Benson 7, Tyler Wheeldon 8,9, Brent R. Patterson 8,9, Roland Kays 10, Paul A. Hohenlohe 11 and Bridgett M. von Holdt 1,* 1 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; [email protected] (E.H.); [email protected] (L.Y.R.); [email protected] (A.L.D); [email protected] (K.E.B.) 2 Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; [email protected] 3 Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 1Z8, Canada 4 Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA; klauspeter.koepfl[email protected] 5 Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia 6 School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA 7 School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; [email protected] 8 Environmental & Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada; [email protected] (T.W.); [email protected] (B.R.P.) 9 Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada 10 North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences and Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA; [email protected] 11 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally.
    [Show full text]
  • Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Southeastern Pre-Columbian Canids Kristin E
    Journal of Heredity, 2016, 287–293 doi:10.1093/jhered/esw002 Original Article Advance Access publication January 16, 2016 Brief Communication Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Southeastern Pre-Columbian Canids Kristin E. Brzeski, Melissa B. DeBiasse, David R. Rabon Jr, Michael J. Chamberlain, and Sabrina S. Taylor Downloaded from From the School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 (Brzeski and Taylor); Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 (DeBiasse); Endangered Wolf Center, P.O. Box 760, Eureka, MO 63025 (Rabon); and Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 (Chamberlain). Address correspondence to Kristin E. Brzeski at the address above, or e-mail: [email protected]. http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/ Received July 11, 2015; First decision August 17, 2015; Accepted January 4, 2016. Corresponding editor: Bridgett vonHoldt Abstract The taxonomic status of the red wolf (Canis rufus) is heavily debated, but could be clarified by examining historic specimens from the southeastern United States. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 3 ancient (350–1900 year olds) putative wolf samples excavated from middens at Louisiana State University on June 17, 2016 and sinkholes within the historic red wolf range. We detected 3 unique mtDNA haplotypes, which grouped with the coyote mtDNA clade, suggesting that the canids inhabiting southeastern North America prior to human colonization from Europe were either coyotes, which would vastly expand historic coyote distributions, an ancient coyote–wolf hybrid, or a North American evolved red wolf lineage related to coyotes. Should the red wolf prove to be a distinct species, our results support the idea of either an ancient hybrid origin for red wolves or a shared common ancestor between coyotes and red wolves.
    [Show full text]
  • COSSARO Candidate V, T, E Species Evaluation Form
    Ontario Species at Risk Evaluation Report for Algonquin Wolf (Canis sp.), an evolutionarily significant and distinct hybrid with Canis lycaon, C. latrans, and C. lupus ancestry Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario (COSSARO) Assessed by COSSARO as THREATENED January 2016 Final Loup Algonquin (Canis sp.) Le loup Algonquin (Canis sp.) est un canidé de taille intermédiaire qui vit en meute familiale et qui se nourrit de proies comme le castor, le cerf de Virginie et l’orignal. Le loup Algonquin est le fruit d’une longue tradition d’hybridation et de rétrocroisement entre le loup de l’Est (Canis lycaon) (appelé aussi C. lupus lycaon), le loup gris (C. lupus) et le coyote (C. latrans). Bien qu’il fasse partie d’un complexe hybride répandu, le loup Algonquin peut se différencier des autres hybrides, comme le loup boréal des Grands Lacs, parce qu’il forme une grappe discrète, sur le plan génétique, composée d’individus étroitement apparentés à partir de laquelle il est possible de faire des estimations de filiation présumée. De plus, selon les données morphologiques, il est généralement plus grand que les canidés de type C. latrans et plus petit que les canidés de type C. lupus, bien qu’une identification fiable nécessite des données génotypiques. En Ontario, le loup Algonquin est principalement confiné dans le parc provincial Algonquin ainsi que dans les régions avoisinantes, dont certaines sont protégées. Ces régions englobent le parc provincial Killarney au sud de la région caractéristique des Hautes-Terres de Kawartha. Les relevés plus éloignés sont relativement rares et vraisemblablement attribuables à des incidents de dispersion occasionnels sur de grandes distances.
    [Show full text]
  • Perspectives on the Conservation of Wild Hybrids ⇑ Astrid V
    Biological Conservation 167 (2013) 390–395 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Perspective Perspectives on the conservation of wild hybrids ⇑ Astrid V. Stronen a, , Paul C. Paquet b,c a Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Waszkiewicza 1, 17-230 Białowieza,_ Poland b Raincoast Conservation Foundation, PO Box 86, Denny Island, British Columbia V0T 1B0, Canada c Department of Geography, University of Victoria, PO Box 3060, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3R4, Canada article info abstract Article history: Hybridization processes are widespread throughout the taxonomic range and require conservation rec- Received 13 April 2013 ognition. Science can help us understand hybridization processes but not whether and when we ought Received in revised form 31 August 2013 to conserve hybrids. Important questions include the role of humans in hybridization and the value Accepted 1 September 2013 we place on natural and human-induced hybrids concerning their ecological function. Certain hybrids resulting from human actions have replaced the ecological role of extirpated or extinct parent taxa and this ecological role should be preserved. Conservation policies must increasingly recognize popula- Keywords: tions of wild organisms that hybridize naturally within the context of their historical ecological role. Nat- Canis ural selection acts on individual organisms and the range of characteristics displayed by individual Ecological niche Evolution hybrids constitute raw material for evolution. Guidelines must consider the conservation value of indi- Human values viduals and the ethical aspects of removing hybrids for the purpose of conserving population genetic Hybridization integrity. Conservation policies should focus on protecting the ecological role of taxa affected by hybrid- Policy ization.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Wolf Canis Lupus
    Appendix A: Mammals Eastern Wolf Canis lupus Federal Listing E State Listing E Global Rank G4G5 State Rank SX Regional Status Photo by unknown/web Justification (Reason for Concern in NH) Wolves play an important role as a top predator in the places they inhabit feeding primarily on large mammals such as deer and moose, removing sick and injured animals from those populations. They are highly social and live in packs hunting and raising their young (USFWS 1992). Wolves prefer large contiguous blocks of mixed deciduous‐conifer forest and conifer forested wetlands (Mladenoff and Sickley 1998). These habitats are threatened by subdivision and development in the Northeast. The eastern wolf, found in southeastern Canada, is likely most closely related to red wolves (Canis rufus) and coyotes (Canis latrans) than to eastern wolves (Wilson et al. 2000). Much of the literature over the past 15 years suggests that Canis lycaon should be considered an individual species, yet there is still much debate over the influence and overlap with closely related species such as red wolves (Canis rufus) and coyotes (Canis latrans). As a result the conservation and listing of this species is still controversial yet important in the due to the potential impacts as a rare species. Recent evidence of eastern wolves in Maine, NH, VT, and NY, is listed in Thiel and Wydeven, 2011. Distribution Wolves were extirpated from New Hampshire in the early 1800’s. Currently, the closest population of eastern wolves exists in Quebec, north of the St. Lawrence River. In general these populations in Quebec appear to be relatively stable (Thiel and Wydeven 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Index of Cultural Significance As a Potential Tool for Conservation of Plants Diversity by Communities in the Kerinci Seblat National Park
    JMHT Vol. 21, (3): 192-201, December 2015 Scientific Article EISSN: 2089-2063 ISSN: 2087-0469 DOI: 10.7226/jtfm.21.3.192 Index of Cultural Significance as a Potential Tool for Conservation of Plants Diversity by Communities in The Kerinci Seblat National Park Asvic Helida1*, Ervizal Amir Muhammad Zuhud2, Hardjanto3, Purwanto4, Agus Hikmat2 1 Graduate School of Bogor Agricultural University, Dramaga Main Road, Campus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680 2 Department of Forest Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Academic Ring Road, Campus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680 3Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Academic Ring Road, Campus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 16680 4 Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Cibinong Science Centre, Cibinong Received October 13, 2015/Accepted December 21, 2015 Abstract The Kerinci community is an Indonesian indigenous people who live in Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province. They have local knowledge of the surrounding vegetation that has become a cultural unifying factor within the community. The study reported here aimed to analyze the importance of plants of particular cultural significance and to review efforts to conserve these plants based on Kerinci cultural values. The study was conducted for eight months from October 2013 to May 2014 at three locations chosen purposively, they were Lempur Baru Village, Lama Tamiai Village and Ulu Jernih Village. The data was obtained using a participatory observation approach, based on key informant interviews, while the assessment of plant distribution was based on a whole-of-community viewpoint. The research data consisted of data on the botany of the plants, on the utilization of the plants and on assessment of plant distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of a Coyote Attack in Pdf Format
    ANATOMYANATOMY OFOF AA COYOTECOYOTE ATTACKATTACK Struggle & Survival In Canada's Eastern Provinces EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION OFOF WOLVESWOLVES A new specie of Wolf has evolved in Eastern Canada URBANURBAN COYOTESCOYOTES The sounds of Coyotes have become familiar in the East A Canine Trilogy by Hal MacGregor ISBN = 978-0-9813983-0-3 Revision 5 - October - 2014 Montague, Ontario, Canada All Rights Reserved A CANINE TRILOGY Revision No 5, October - 2014 Hal MacGregor Forward by Kalin Keller RN. ILLUSTRATED BY This edition follows the text of earlier editions with minor amendments. A FORWARD These four storeys are written in a no-nonsense style, which is easy for young people to understand. The multitude of beautiful photographs bring the subject material vividly to life. This is the first book on Coyotes that is told from the animal's perspective. Everyone who reads this book will come away with a greater knowledge and appreciation of these remarkable animals. Every Canadian school should have a copy of this book in their library, to ensure that our young people have a realistic understanding of these amazing predators. This is the new reference book for Coyotes. I recommend every Canadian parent use this book to bring an awareness and a factual understanding of these creatures to their children. Kalin Keller RN. Coldstream, British Columbia. The Anatomy of a Coyote Attack Western Coyotes have hybridized with Northern Red Wolves to produce Brush Wolves A Story of Struggle & Survival In Canada’s Eastern Provinces A Nova Scotia Brush Wolf Contents About the Author Author's Introduction Ownership The South Montague pack The Donkey The Heifer and the Fox The Electric Fence The Decoy Game Origins, The Greater Picture Northern Adaptations Red Wolves Adapt To a Northern Climate Wolf Adaptations The First Wave Interesting Facts About Coyotes Some Coyotes in the east are getting whiter.
    [Show full text]
  • Coyotes, Look Christine to Their Wolf Relatives Schadler
    To understand By Eastern coyotes, look Christine to their wolf relatives Schadler housands of Eastern coyotes live among us – rarely seen, often heard and frequently discussed. Some T people resent the presence of coyotes and fear them as predators of pets, livestock and game animals. Others admire their resilience, and are thrilled to hear their return- to-the-wild howl and all it represents. In short, the coyote is a topic of contention. The Eastern coyote (Canis latrans var.) and the Eastern wolf (Canis lupus lycaon) are closely related and similar enough in appearance that it can be hard to distinguish them. Yet coyotes are abundant throughout their range in the face of liberal hunting and trapping seasons, while the wolf is protected by the Endangered Species Act. The answer to this dichotomy lies in the apparent vulnerability of the wolf and the undeniable success of the coyote. Susceptible to overhunting and habitat loss, wolves in the lower 48 were nearly eradicated over a century ago. Today, wolves roam through- out the West and the Great Lake states, saved by protection and reintroductions. The coyote’s success, on the other hand, has created a public relations night- mare for itself. Despite over a century of relentless persecution, coyotes have thwarted every effort at control and have expanded their range into the densely settled East Coast. Studies show that where coyote bounties (paying hunters to kill coyotes), open hunting seasons, poisoning, snaring and other control measures have been attempted, success varies depending on scale. Nationwide, there are tens of 8 November/December 2010 • WILDLIFE JOURNAL O T PHO S AM AD AY AY NDS © LI WILDLIFEILDLIFE JJOURNAL •• November/December 2010 9 Wolf or Coyote? Side by side, the differences between wolves (that’s a gray wolf on the left) and Eastern coyotes (right) are clear.
    [Show full text]