DOCSLIB.ORG

Timeline / 1840 to 1850

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Timeline / 1840 to 1850 Timeline / 1840 to 1850 Date Country Theme 1840 Turkey Reforms And Social Changes 12 October: The Ministry of Post is established. 1840s United Kingdom Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion Western classical music penetrates the courtly circles of the Ottoman Empire. The imperial Ottoman family includes composers, such as Sultan ‘Abd al-‘Aziz who composes dance music. On a visit to London in 1867, the band of the Grenadier Guards plays one of the Sultan’s own compositions at a reception for him. 1840 Turkey Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion 3 July: The first newspaper in Ottoman Turkish published by a private individual, Cerîde-I Havâdis (Journal of News), begins to appear in #stanbul as a weekly, published by an English journalist, William Churchill. 1840 Turkey Political Context After his term as governor in Samos, Kostaki Musurus Pa#a, a Phanariot Greek becomes the first Ottoman envoy to independent Athens (1840–47) followed by Vienna (1848) and London (1851–55). 1840 Turkey Reforms And Social Changes The first mixed courts are introduced to hear civil and criminal cases involving Muslims and non-Muslims. 1840 Lebanon Political Context Conflicts between the Druze and the Maronite Christians explode. A Maronite revolt against the feudal class erupts, lasting till 1858. 1840 - 1841 Austria Political Context Austria cooperates in a settlement to the Turkish–Egyptian crisis of 1840, sending intervention forces to conquer the Ottoman fortresses of Saida (Sidon) and St Jean d’Acre, and concluding with the Dardanelles Treaty signed at the London Straits Convention of 1841. 1840 Turkey Reforms And Social Changes 7 February: The tax system is reorganised. 1840 Romania Economy And Trade Austrian engineers Karol and Rafael Hoffmann and Carol Maderspach initiate the extraction of coal in the Jiu Valley (south Transylvania), which was and still is the main coal-mining region of Romania. Date Country Theme 1840 Turkey Reforms And Social Changes Official recognition of the Mâli Takvim (Rumi calendar) as the second calendar system alongside the Hijra calendar. 1840 Romania Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion Top hats begin to be worn in the United Principalities, where they were called joben, from the name of Jobin, the French merchant who first sold them in Bucharest. 1840s United Kingdom Migrations Aden becomes a British Crown Colony in 1839 administered (until 1937) not from London but from India. Indians migrating to practise trade and the professions help to duplicate what is happening in India, albeit in a smaller way, in the Gulf and Iraq. 1840 Turkey Great Inventions Of The 19th Century 23 October: The Ottoman Ministry of Post is established in Istanbul. 1841 France Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion The leading roles in Giselle, a ballet by Adolphe Adam are played by Carlotta Grisi and Lucien Petipa. 1841 France Reforms And Social Changes Law of 22 March 1841, inspired by the work of Louis-René Villermé: the Act prohibits the employment of children younger than eight years. It limits the working day to eight hours for ages 8–12 and twelve hours for ages 12–16. Night work (9 p.m.–5 a.m.) is prohibited for anyone under 13 years; and for those who are older two hours is to be paid as three. 1841 Lebanon Economy And Trade Teams of spinners are brought from France to train young women. This was a real social revolution in this rural and traditional part of the country. According to G. Ducousso’s book The Silk Industry in Syria and Lebanon (1912), the French Consul in Beirut counted no fewer than 183 spinning mills in Lebanon. 1841 - 1844 Germany Travelling The Berlin Zoological Gardens was established in 1841 and opened to the public in 1844. The oldest zoo in Germany, today, it hosts more visitors than any zoo in Europe (around 3 million visitors per year). 1841 Greece Economy And Trade The National Bank of Greece is founded. 1841 United Kingdom Economy And Trade Date Country Theme The Ottoman Bank is founded in this year, registered in London, to channel overseas investment in the Ottoman Empire. 1841 United Kingdom Great Inventions Of The 19th Century William Henry Fox Talbot announces his calotype photography, which, using a developing agent, drastically reduces exposure time. A negative image is created, from which it is possible to produce countless positive images. Talbot is keen to apply the technique to archaeological objects, and photography is then used increasingly for recording objects and sites. 1841 Turkey Political Context 13 July: The Straits Convention, signed by the Ottoman Empire and the great powers, prohibits foreign warships from entering the Bosphorus or the Dardanelles. 1842 Tunisia Reforms And Social Changes Educational reform and restructuring of the Zaytuna Mosque through the introduction of new disciplines and incentives for teachers in Tunisia. 1842 United Kingdom Political Context Evangelists in Britain and Germany found the Jerusalem Protestant bishopric. There is an idea of converting Jews – the first bishop is a converted Jew – and the bishopric establishes a British cultural and educational interest in the Levant. It also stimulates archaeological work. 1842 Republic of Macedonia Fine And Applied Arts (FYROM) The portrait of Gjurchin Kokale, founder of the Church of St George in Lazaropole, is painted inside the church by Dicho Krstevic Zograph. It is one of the earliest known portraits in Macedonia. In 1854 this prolific artist painted the icon of Archpriest Samoil from the Treskavec Monastery near Prilep. 1842 Portugal Great Inventions Of The 19th Century Daguerreotype starts to be used in Portugal two years after its invention in France and is mostly used in commercial portrait lithographs. The oldest ones still existing in Portugal reproduce the Palace (Paços) of Coimbra University in 1842. The University is at the time the major centre for the dissemination of scientific knowledge. 1842 Austria Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion The Wiener Philharmoniker is founded. It becomes one of the most famous orchestras in the world. 1842 Austria Reforms And Social Changes Child labour under 12 years of age is outlawed in Austria. Date Country Theme 1842 Italy Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion Triumph of Nabuccodonosor by Giuseppe Verdi (1831–1901) at La Scala Theatre (Milan): it marks the appearance of a new operatic style, in which both voice and music show an entirely new heroic passion and strength. 1842 - 1846 Germany Rediscovering The Past The Egyptologist Karl Richard Lepsius is appointed director of an expedition to Egypt by Friedrich Wilhelm IV. 1842 Italy Travelling A seaside hostel is opened in Viareggio (Tuscany) for the treatment of children affected by tuberculosis (the first of its kind in Italy). In Tuscany, experiments of “marine therapy” for children started in the 1820s. By 1882, 21 seaside hostels for medical purposes are active in Italy. 1843 Romania Fine And Applied Arts Carol Popp de Szathmari, the most important Romanian photographer of the 19th century (born in Cluj, Transylvania), moves to Bucharest, where he opens a photo studio. 1843 Egypt Cities And Urban Spaces Muhammad Sharif Pasha builds the Sharif Pasha Palace situated on Kirdassi Street, off Hasan al-Akbar Street, in Cairo. The Pasha held a number of important posts during the reigns of Muhammad ‘Ali and his successors. 1843 Turkey Economy And Trade The first successful attempt to open a modern bank in the Empire. Smyrna Bank is established by foreign merchants (English, French, Austrian, Dutch, Russian, American, Italian, Danish, Spanish and Greek) under the Swedish Consulate in Izmir in order to diminish their dependence on other merchants and bankers. It is closed in the same year for operating without permission. 1843 Austria Reforms And Social Changes Gas lighting is installed on the streets of Vienna. 1843 Germany Great Inventions Of The 19th Century Friedrich Gottlob commodifies paper production (the mass production of cheap paper). 1843 Italy Travelling First bathing establishment created in Rimini. 1843 Greece Fine And Applied Arts Date Country Theme The School of the Fine Arts becomes a five-year higher education institution under its director, the architect Lissandros Kautantzoglou. 1844 Germany Reforms And Social Changes First proletarian uprising: 3000 weavers in Silesia are protesting against the inhumane working conditions and their exploitation. They are all being killed by the Prussian military. 1844 Portugal Rediscovering The Past Publication of the novel Eurico,O Presbítero by Alexandre Herculano (1810–77). The story takes place during the period of the Arab invasion of Visigoth Hispania, led by Tarik in 711. 1844 Portugal Rediscovering The Past Frei Luís de Sousa, by Almeida Garrett. A romantic drama on the myth of King Sebastian, killed in the Battle of Alcacer Quibir, Morocco, in 1578. The myth of a disappeared king who will return to regain freedom and independence for his people underlies the plot together with the extreme love of Brother Luís de Sousa for his country. 1844 Portugal Economy And Trade Foundation of the National Tobacco Company in Xabregas, Lisbon. Following the 18th-century tendency, the profits of tobacco manufacturing and trade became the major source of revenue for oligarchic businessmen (known as the Caixas) seeking its control. The monopoly was rented out by the state, usually on a triennial base. 1844 Germany Reforms And Social Changes The first Proletariat uprising, the Weber Rebellion, witnesses 3,000 weavers in Silesia protesting against inhumane working conditions and exploitation. The uprising is quashed by the Prussian military – which murders them all. 1844 Turkey Economy And Trade Monetary reform. Ottomans accept bimetallism. Lira, mecidiye and kuru# become official units. 100 kuru# are equal to one Ottoman lira. Silver mecidiyes equal to 20 kuru# are issued. 1844 - 1846 Spain Economy And Trade British interests in raw material – iron and coal – lead to the foundation of the iron and steel industry in Bilbao and Santander and industrial exploitation of the coal mines in Asturias.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Baza De Date Cu Clădirile Arhitecturale Vechi Din Județul Dolj
    SC EMPRI CONSULTING SRL Baze de date cu clădirile arhitecturale vechi din județul Dolj Studiu inițial Cod CPV 79310000-0 Servicii de studii de piaţă 1 CUPRINS I. Caracteristici generale ale județului Dolj .......................................................................................................... 6 Cadrul istoric .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Craiova- principalul oraș al regiunii .......................................................................................................... 14 Scurt istoric al orașului ....................................................................................................................................... 14 II.Cladiri și monumente istorice ......................................................................................................................... 26 din Judetul Dolj .................................................................................................................................................. 26 Craiova .......................................................................................................................................................... 26 1. Casa Băniei ..................................................................................................................................................... 26 2. Palatul Banca Comerțului - Primaria Craiova ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nicoleta Roman Iordache Filipescu, the “Last Great Boyar” of Wallachia and His Heritage a World Ofpower, Influence, and Goods
    Nicoleta Roman Iordache Filipescu, the “Last Great Boyar” of Wallachia and His Heritage A World ofPower, Influence, and Goods Working Paper ERC-CoG-2014 grant no. 646489 LuxFaSS WORKING PAPER DO NOT CITE WITHOUT PERMISSION IORDACHE FILIPESCU, THE “LAST GREAT BOYAR” OF WALLACHA AND HIS HERITAGE: A WORLD OF POWER, INFLUENCE AND GOODS* NICOLETA ROMAN “Ce nom de Philipesco est le grand nom de la Valachie, et le grand boyard qui le porte, l’idole du Roumain, qui retrouve en lui ce type national qu’il voit s’effacer a regret de jour en jour. Si Georges Philipesco, reniant ses somptueux habits, coupait sa longue barbe blanche, et abandonnait le kalpak d’Astrakan, cette apostasie causerait une douleur générale, qui prendrait les proportions d’un deuil public dans le peuple de la grande ville ; et l’artiste, avide du spectacle encore si curieux de ce poétique pays, ne saurait désormais ou retrouver le seul vestige élégant et splendide d’une société dont la réalité ne sera plus bientôt qu’un souvenir confus.” (Charles Doussault, Église de Saint-Georges à Bucarest in “L’Illustration”, nr. 566, 31 décembre 1853, p. 445 ; Călători străini, VI, p. 151). Charles Doussault (1814–1880), a French painter and illustrator, became known as an Orientalist painter following his voyages to the Ottoman Empire; he also paid special attention to Wallachia, which he visited during the first half of the 19th century. There, he becomes an integral part of society and is welcomed in the boyars’ homes and at the Court so much so that, in August 1843, he is invited by Prince Gheorghe Bibescu to be part of his delegation going to Constantinople to pay tribute to the sultan.
    [Show full text]
  • Emanoil Chinezu Om Politic, Avocat Şi Istoric 2
    COSMIN LUCIAN GHERGHE EMANOIL CHINEZU OM POLITIC, AVOCAT ŞI ISTORIC 2 COSMIN LUCIAN GHERGHE EMANOIL CHINEZU OM POLITIC, AVOCAT ŞI ISTORIC EDITURA SITECH CRAIOVA, 2009 3 Coperta: Constantin Crăiţoiu Coperta 4: 1857, Theodor Aman, Hora Unirii la Craiova, pictură pe pânză © 2009 Editura Sitech Craiova Toate drepturile asupra acestei ediţii sunt rezervate editurii. Orice reproducere integrală sau parţială, prin orice procedeu, a unor pagini din această lucrare, efectuate fără autorizaţia editorului este ilicită şi constituie o contrafacere. Sunt acceptate reproduceri strict rezervate utilizării sau citării justificate de interes ştiinţific, cu specificarea respectivei citări. © 2009 Editura Sitech Craiova All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying or utilised any information storage and retrieval system without written permision from the copyright owner. Editura SITECH din Craiova este acreditată de C.N.C.S.I.S. din cadrul Ministerului Educaţiei şi Cercetării pentru editare de carte ştiinţifică. Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României GHERGHE, COSMIN LUCIAN Emanoil Chinezu - om politic, avocat şi istoric/ Cosmin Lucian Gherghe. - Craiova : Sitech, 2009 Bibliogr. ISBN 978-606-530-315-7 94(498) Editura SITECH Craiova Str. Romul, Bloc T1, Parter Tel/fax: 0251/414003 www.sitech.ro, [email protected] ISBN 978-606-530-315-7 4 Emanoil Chinezu (1817 – 1878) 5 6 CUPRINS ABREVIERI ............................................................................. 9 INTRODUCERE .................................................................... 11 O VIAŢĂ DE OM ÎN PAS CU RITMURILE EVOLUŢIEI ISTORICE ROMÂNEŞTI DIN SECOLUL AL XIX-LEA... 20 EMANOIL CHINEZU ŞI SPIRITUL REVOLUŢIONAR AL NAŢIUNII ROMÂNE, DE LA 1821 LA 1848...............
    [Show full text]
  • BIBESCU 0-00-E
    ROMANIA 1 DE LA ADRIANOPOL LA BALTA-LIMAN (18291849) DOMNIA LUI BIBESCU 0-00-e CORESPONDINTA SI DOCUMENTE 1843 1856 DE PRINTUL GHEORGHE BIBESCU CORESPONDINTE AL INSTITLITULUI FRANTII TRADUS BE B. FLORESCU TOMUL iNTIIU BUCURESCI TYP.CURTIIREGALE, V. GOUT. VII, PASSAGIUL ROMAN, 12 1893 DREPTURILE REZERVATE DOMNIA LUI BIBESCU Autorul si editorii declara GA-0 pastreazA drepturile de reproductie si de traducere in -tar& si in strAingtate. Acest volum a fost depus la ministerul de interne din Franca (sec- tiunea librAriel) in Februarie 1893. DE ACELAS ACTOR : BELFORT, REIMS, SEDAN, Campania din 1870. Al 7-ea corp al ar- matei de la Rin. A 5-a editiune, 1 vol. in 8" cu trei harti, 1872 (fran.) 8 lei. CORPUL LUI LORENCEZ INAINTEA CETATII PUEBLA (5 Mai 1862), a 3-a editiune 1872 (fran.) (epuizat). ISTORIA UNEI FRONTIERL RomInia pe tarmul drept al DunArei, 1 vol. in 8° cu hard 1883, editiune francezA si editiune rominA. 11%1MEXIC IN 1862. LUPTELE SI RETRAGEREA CELOR SASE MII, 1 vol. in 8", cu 23 desemnuri de JAZET si 4 1154, 1887 (fran.) 20 lei. (Curonat de Academia francez4, Premiul Bordin) CULEGERE, PoliticA, Religiune, Duel, 1 vol. 8° in 1888, edit. frant. si romin5,. AVANT PENDANT -- APRES. Exposition universelle de 1889, Rou- manie. Un vol. in 8^,illustre de nombreux dessins de GUILLAUME, Prix 10 fr. Istoria unei epoci arare orT se infatiseaza desbarata sau de gresell de fapte ori de date, sau de apreciari neexacte, on imboldite de patima, inainte eel putin de a fi dobindit ma- turitatea pe care anii, une-orl veacurile numai, o dau faptelor, respindind asupra-le lumina.
    [Show full text]
  • Arhive Personale Şi Familiale
    Arhive personale şi familiale Vol. 1 Repertoriu arhivistic 2 ISBN 973-8308-04-6 3 ARHIVELE NAŢIONALE ALE ROMÂNIEI Arhive personale şi familiale Vol. I Repertoriu arhivistic Autor: Filofteia Rînziş Bucureşti 2001 4 • Redactor: Ioana Alexandra Negreanu • Au colaborat: Florica Bucur, Nataşa Popovici, Anuţa Bichir • Indici de arhive, antroponimic, toponimic: Florica Bucur, Nataşa Popovici • Traducere: Margareta Mihaela Chiva • Culegere computerizată: Filofteia Rînziş • Tehnoredactare şi corectură: Nicoleta Borcea, Otilia Biton • Coperta: Filofteia Rînziş • Coperta 1: Alexandru Marghiloman, Alexandra Ghica Ion C. Brătianu, Alexandrina Gr. Cantacuzino • Coperta 4: Constantin Argetoianu, Nicolae Iorga Sinaia, iulie 1931 Cartea a apărut cu sprijinul Ministerului Culturii şi Cultelor 5 CUPRINS Introducere……………………………….7 Résumé …………………………………..24 Lista abrevierilor ……………………….29 Arhive personale şi familiale……………30 Bibliografie…………………………….298 Indice de arhive………………………...304 Indice antroponimic……………………313 Indice toponimic……………………….356 6 INTRODUCERE „…avem marea datorie să dăm şi noi arhivelor noastre întreaga atenţie ce o merită, să adunăm şi să organizăm pentru posteritate toate categoriile de material arhivistic, care pot să lămurească generaţiilor viitoare viaţa actuală a poporului român în toată deplinătatea lui.” Constantin Moisil Prospectarea trecutului istoric al poporului român este o condiţie esenţială pentru siguranţa viitorului politic, economic şi cultural al acestuia. Evoluţia unei societăţi, familii sau persoane va putea fi conturată
    [Show full text]
  • Format Electronic
    BULETINUL ARHIVELOR MILITARE ROMÂNE AnulXXII , nr. 1 ( 8 3) /2019 160 DE ANI DE LA UNIREA PRINCIPATELOR http://amnr.defense.ro editorial 24 IANUARIE 1859 – 24 IANUARIE 2019 160 DE ANI DE LA UNIREA MOLDOVEI ŞI A MUNTENIEI ste prea bine ştiut faptul că secolul al XIX-lea reprezintă o epocă de puternică afi rmare a naţiunilor, a statelor Enaţionale, astfel încât a fost denumit „secolul (veacul) naţionalităţilor”. Într-o perioadă relativ scurtă, de câteva decenii, grecii, sârbii, italienii, germanii şi bulgarii şi-au constituit state naţionale, ele devenind treptat actori importanţi ai scenei internaţionale, unele, cum ar fi Germania, chiar cu aspiraţii hegemonice. În rândul popoarelor care au reuşit să-şi constituie statul în forma sa modernă au fost şi românii, chiar dacă nu toţi au fost cuprinşi, datorită unor condiţii obiective, în graniţele sale. Unirea – obiectiv primordial al generaţiei pașoptiste Popor neolatin, continuator și urmaș al „romanităţii orientale”, românii au avut, ca și alte popoare din istmul ponto-baltic, o istorie complicată, ceea ce a determinat ca ei să trăiască despărţiţi, din punct de vedere politic, vreme de mai multe secole. Trebuie spus că în pofi da vicisitudinilor, fi inţa statală s-a păstrat, Ţara Românească (Muntenia) și Moldova nefi ind înglobate în Imperiul Otoman, așa cum a fost cazul la sud de Balcani. Peste aceste linii de demarcaţie trasate, cel mai adesea, de raporturile dintre marile puteri ale timpului, românii au avut dintru început conștiinţa originii latine și a unităţilor. Ideea a fost exprimată cu deosebită claritate de documentele timpului de cronicari, dintre care cei mai însemnaţi au fost Grigore Ureche (1590-1647), Miron Costin (1633-1691) și Ion Neculce (1672-1745), de învăţaţi de Alexandru Ioan Cuza – domnitorul Principatelor Unite ale Moldovei şi Ţării Româneşti talie europeană, dintre care, cel mai ilustru este Dimitrie Cantemir (24 ianuarie 1859-23 februarie 1866) (1673-1723), de oameni politici etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Dolj County Dolj Originally Meant
    Dolj County Dolj originally meant "lower Jiu", as opposed to Gorj (upper Jiu) is a county of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Craiova. In 2011, it had a population of 660,544 and a population density of 89/km2 (230/sq mi). • Romanians – over 96% • Romani – 3% • Others almost 1%. Geography This county has a total area of 7,414 km2 (2,863 sq mi). The entire area is a plain with the Danube on the south forming a wide valley crossed by the Jiu River in the middle. Other small rivers flow through the county, each one forming a small valley. There are some lakes across the county and many ponds and channels in the Danube valley. 6% of the county's area is a desert. Neighbours • Olt County to the east. • Mehedinți County to the west. • Gorj County and Vâlcea County to the north. • Bulgaria – Vidin Province to the southwest, Montana and Vratsa provinces to the south. Economy Agriculture is the county's main industry. The county has a land that is ideal for growing cereals, vegetables and wines. Other industries are mainly located in the city of Craiova, the largest city in southwestern Romania. The county's main industries: • Automotive industry – Ford has a factory. • Heavy electrical and transport equipment – Electroputere Craiova is the largest factory plant in Romania. • Aeronautics ; ITC • Chemicals processing ; Foods and beverages • Textiles ; Mechanical parts and components There are two small ports on the shore of the Danube river – Bechet and Calafat. Tourism Major tourist attractions: The city of Craiova; The city of Calafat; Fishing on the Danube; The city of Băilești.
    [Show full text]
  • Tradition and Modernity in Romanian Culture and Civilization, 1600-2000
    Papers presented at the SLxth International Conference Tradition and Modernity of the Center for ROlnanian Studies held in Ia�i, Romania, 3-4 July 2000 in Romanian Culture Organized by The Center for ROlnanian Studies and Civilization, together with the "A.I). Xenopol" Institute of History, the Ia�i County Board, and the Moldova Museun1 COll1plex 1600-2000 Edited by Kurt \"'Y. Treptow The Center for Romanian Studies Ia�i • Oxford • Portland 2001 114 Tradition and Modernity in Romani�1l1 Culture and Civilization cal crises, but it failed; b) the House of Habsbllrg Sll pported an "Hab­ sbllrgic myth" until the end, and the Tr ansylvanian Romanian relationship with Francis Ferdinand has consequentially proved it, but it did not result in anything concrete; and c) Romania, that was perhaps less politically sophisticated, fostered the Tr ansylvanian Romanian political elite to separate from the Austro-Hllngarian Monarchy. The discnrsive construction of Romanian national unity has so often been a theme in both conventional and nationalistic historiography that I Self-lInage and Self-LegitiInation of the found impetuous to emphasize the necessary other side of the story. Hav­ ing to position themselves on Hungarian, Austrian, and Romanian politi­ Wallachian Princes under tl1e Organic cal scenes, Tr ansylvanian Romanians have produced dichotomous Regulations (1834-1848) discourses of political identity. Their logic of action was one of fission that constantly generated adversities and alternate links between political actions and the events as well as personages of the time. These links were Daniel Urs run both historically and culturally specific, and yet dependent on complex p g processes that are our challenge to decipha.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghica Ion - Scrisori.Pdf
    Scrisori c[tre V. Alecsandri 1 Ion Ghica 2 Scrisori c[tre V. Alecsandri ION GHICA SCRISORI C{TRE V. ALECSANDRI BUCURE+TI CHI+IN{U 3 Ion Ghica Colec\ie ini\iat[ =i coordonat[ de Anatol Vidra=cu =i Dan Vidra=cu Concep\ia grafic[ a colec\iei =i coperta: Vladimir Zmeev REFERIN|E ISTORICO-LITERARE: V. Alecsandri, Ilarie Chendi, Ion Roman, Dumitru Micu, G. C[linescu, Tudor Vianu, Petre V. Hane=, Constantin Mohanu, G. Dimisianu, +erban Cioculescu, Jaque Byck, D. P[curariu, Florin Faif[r, Alec Han\[, Traian Demtrescu 4 Scrisori c[tre V. Alecsandri 5 Ion Ghica Editura Litera Interna\ional O. P. 33; C.P. 63, sector 1, Bucure=ti, Rom`nia tel./fax (021) 3303502; e-mail: [email protected] Grupul Editorial Litera str. B. P. Hasdeu nr. 2, mun. Chi=in[u, MD-2005, Republica Moldova tel./fax +(3732) 292 932, 294 110, fax 294 061; e-mail: [email protected] Difuzare: S.C. David D.V.Comprod SRL O. P. 33; C. P. 63, sector 1, Bucure=ti, Rom`nia tel./fax +(021) 3206009 Prezenta edi\ie a ap[rut ]n anul 2002 ]n versiune tip[rit[ =i electronic[ la Editura Litera Interna\ional =i Grupul Editorial Litera. Toate drepturile rezervate. Editori: Anatol =i Dan Vidra=cu Lector: Petru Ghencea Corector: Aliona Dobo= Tehnoredactare: Victor Gorbatovschi Tiparul executat la Combinatul Poligrafic din Chi=in[u Comanda nr. 21540 CZU 821.135.1-6 G 48 Descrierea CIP a Camerei Na\ionale a C[r\ii Ghica, Ion Scrisori c[tre V. Alecsandri: Proz[/ Ion Ghica; col.
    [Show full text]
  • Iordache Filipescu, the 'Last Great Boyar' of Wallachia and His Heritage
    Iordache Filipescu, the ‘last great boyar’ of Wallachia and his heritage: a world of power, influence and goods1 NICOLETA ROMAN The ‘Nicolae Iorga’ Institute of History and New Europe College Bucharest Abstract The ‘‘Nicolae Iorga’’ Institute of History and New Europe College Bucharest This study explores the manner in which two competing empires, the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, acted through material culture and diplomacy to strengthen their influence in a territory lying at the periphery of Europe. To this end, the distribution, rhetoric and reception of the awarding of decorations is analysed, starting from the case of the great Romanian boyar Iordache Filipescu. Wallachia, an Ottoman province under Russian protectorate, in what is today south-eastern Romania, was at a moment of transition on the political level. Attracting loyalties and creating local action networks became diplomatic strategies, and one way in which pro-Ottoman and pro-Russian groupings may be traced in the Romanian space is through the intermediary of decorations. They transpose at the public level merits and services rendered to one of the two powers, but it is necessary to trace at the individual and family level the extent to which loyalty won in this way continued to exist. The message that the decorations transmitted remained a deceptive one: their possession was not equivalent to a transfer of power towards the holder in comparison with his compatriots, just as it did not guarantee complete adherence to the cause of the issuing power. Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Russia, Wallachia, diplomacy Ce nom de Philipesco est le grand nom de la Valachie, et le grand boyard qui le porte, l’idole du Roumain, qui retrouve en lui ce type national qu’il voit s’effacer a regret de jour en jour.
    [Show full text]
  • 1848–1849 Bucharest Between St. Petersburg and Constantinople149
    1848–1849 BUCHAREST BETWEEN ST. PETERSBURG AND CONSTANTINOPLE149 The eyes of the people here are turned towards the British government for sympathy and assistance. They feel that they have been neglected by Europe . Colquhoun to Ponsonby, 25 May 1841150 In the wake of the February events, in early 1848 most Wallachian forty-eighters were back in Romania, channelling their now re-ignited revolutionary spirit via the activities of a “Committee for the liberation of the homeland” which had sprung from the already existing political and para-Masonic association “Justice-Brotherhood” (Dreptate-Frăţie), founded in 1843 in Bucharest. Soon, everybody was referring to the Committee (which comprised Rosetti, the Brătianus, the Golescus, and others) in short-hand as the “Revolutionary Committee”. The homes of the committee members were placed under surveillance by Prince Gheorghe Bibescu, who refused his support when Rosetti submitted his reformist project of national “renaissance” on the grounds that it was premature.151 Broadly speaking, the liberals’ strategy was based on working with Turkey against Russia’s growing interference and on hijacking the spirit of the Tanzimat – the imperial reform programme launched by Sultan Mahmud II in 1839 – to achieve reform in the Principalities. Although ultimate independence from the Ottoman Porte remained in the background of all nation-building projects from 1848 onwards, the immediate threat was perceived as coming from Russia’s increasingly tenacious expansionism in South-East Europe. Russia’s grip on the Danubian Principalities had been steadily growing since the landmark treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in 1774, which established internationally her self-assumed role as protectress of the Christian Orthodox peoples 149 The following section does not provide a comprehensive narrative of the 1848 revolution in Wallachia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Church and the Political Power in the Danubian Principalities (1834-1848)
    I.Boldea, C. Sigmirean, D.-M.Buda LITERATURE AS MEDIATOR. Intersecting Discourses and Dialogues in a Multicultural World THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHURCH AND THE POLITICAL POWER IN THE DANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES (1834-1848) Emil-Marian Manea PhD Student, University of Bucharest Abstract: Under the military occupation of the Russian Empire, in the years 1831 and 1832, the Organic Regulations, the first documents with a constitutional role in the modern sense, were applied in Wallachia and Moldova. The relationship between the Church and the political power during the statutory reigns was sometimes tense, hospodars seeking to control the activity of the hierarchs or even impose their authority without taking into account the Organic Regulations. There have also been fruitful collaboration moments. During this period, the hospodars were Alexandru D. Ghica, Gheorghe Bibescu and Mihail Sturdza, and the representatives of the Orthodox Church were the metropolitans Veniamin Costachi, Meletie Lefter and Neofit II. Keywords: State, Churh, conflict, colaboration, Principalities Introducere În anul 1830, sub autoritatea lui Pavel Kiseleff, și-au încheiat lucrările la București subcomisiile de redactare a Regulamentelor Organice pentru cele două Principate. În urma sancționării lor de către Consiliul țarului din Petersburg, ambele texte au fost adoptate de Extraordinara Obștească Adunare de Revizie din fiecare Principat și au întrat în vigoare în anul 1831 pentru Țara Românească, respectiv în 1832 pentru Moldova1. Relația dintre Biserică și puterea politică în timpul domniilor regulamentare a fost uneori încordată, domnii urmărind să controleze activitatea ierarhilor sau chiar să îşi impună autoritatea asupra lor, fără a ține seama de prevederile Regulamentele Organice2. În această situație, Veniamin Costachi, deși se afla în scaunul mitropolitan încă din anul 1803, a fost obligat să se retragă în 1842 ca urmare a intervenției autoritare a domnului Moldovei, Mihail Sturdza.
    [Show full text]