Vol. XIX No. 1 January, 1964 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE—— ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN a FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEV RD. (corner Falrtax Rd ). Londan. N.W.J Offict and Consulting Houti: Telephon* : MAIda Val* 9096/7 (General Oflkc* and W*ltar* for th* Ag*d>. Monday to Thurtday 10 a.m.—l p.m. 3—6 p m MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agency, annually licensed by the L.C.C., Friday 10 a.m.—l p.m. and Social Services Dept.)

to use boycott as a political weapon, it is appalling that unlike most British firms the LIMITS OF INTEGRATION Norwich Union yielded to pressure. The leading Jewish organisations and their spokes­ This month AJR Information enters its 19th not include those who came over as infants men have made this clear in a dignified and year of existence. Compared with the brief or were born in this country, and it would effective way. However, even more important publication periods of most Jewish periodicals be unrealistic to assume that like the is the fact that public opinion is aware of the in this country this continuity is itself an Sephardim. the Jews from Gennany would wider issues involved and strongly condemns achievement and thanks are due to the mem­ remain an identifiable group for several this act of blackmail and its consequences. It bers of the AJR who have made it possible. generations. Yet. in full recognition of our is equally reassuring that at least one paper, It is particularly encouraging that, especially transitory position under a wider historical the Evening Standard, took the opportunity during the recent months when new develop­ aspect, it is the lesson of many observations to remind its readers of the precarious situa­ ments in the field of restitution and compen­ that the comparatively younger ones also tion in which, even in this country of political sation were announced, quite a few new mem­ belong to "us ". It is certainly no accident maturity and tolerance, Jews must sometimes bers have enrolled in order to receive that the Board of the British Section of the find themselves, and strongly raised its voice AJR Information regularly. Leo Baeck Institute includes young univer­ against the discrimination they have to face We take this opportunity of recalling that sity teachers who are professionally integrated in various spheres. The public condem­ the first issue, published in January, 1946, into their environment but for whom research nation of such discrimination is at least as carried a statement by the Home Secretary work on the German-Jewish past is a task important as the fact that it exists; it should also entitling those refugees from Nazi which they do not carry out in a detached be taken into account when we try to arrive oppression who had been admitted to this way, but with which they thoroughly identify at a balanced assessment of our position. country before the war on a temporary basis themselves. It will be equally necessary to W.R. to stay permanently and to apply for naturali­ enlist the co-operation of the " younger " ones sation. Thus one of the major objects for for the social work which will have to go on which the AJR had fought since its foundation for a very long time to come. A rejuvenation FORDERUNGEN ZUM BUNDESRUECKER­ in 1941 was achieved, and there are few in our of the various committees in charge of the STATTUNGS-GESETZ Old Age Homes or other activities of the AJR midst who at that time expected that almost Anhoerung der Verfolgtenverbaende in Bonn two decades later the AJR would still be func­ :jy the co-option of younger members will have tioning and going from strength to strength. to become part of our policy. Zum 4. Dezember 1963 hatte der Wieder­ The fight for a just final settlement of the gutmachungsausschuss des Bundestags in restitution question and the care for the aged Kennedy's Fight for Minorities Bonn die Verfolgtenverbaende zu einer are but two examples of the manifold tasks Integration was one of the keynotes in the Ruecksprache ueber die Vorschlaege der With which we are confronted. life of the late President Kennedy, whose Bundesregierung fuer eine Novelle zum However, as far as the personal status of tragic death is mourned by the whole world Bundesrueckerstattungsgesetz eingeladen. Die the former refugees is concerned, many first and to whom tribute is paid in this issue. Sitzung wurde von dem Vorsitzenden des thought that naturalisation would solve all His fight for the integration of the coloured Ausschusses, Rechtsanwalt Martin Hirsch, their problems. Only gradually they came to citizens of the United States resulted from a geleitet. realise that this was a fallacy—not only passionate sense of justice and a deep under­ Der Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung hec- use their different background was bound standing of the under-privileged minorities. sieht u.a. die voile Befriedigung der von den to be noticed by their British-born fellow It was in the same vein that in his book, "A Oberfinanzdirektionen durch Bescheid festge­ citizens, but also because they themselves Nation of Immigrants", published first in stellten Ansprueche wegen Entziehung fest­ hecame increasingly aware that in many ways 1958 under the imprint of the B'nai B'rith stellbarer beweglicher Vermoegensgegen­ they were still, to a certain extent, different Anti-Deiamation League, he pleaded for the staende (z.B. Wertpapiere, Hausrat, Lifts, even after acquiring British citizenship. By liberalisation of the U.S.A. immigration regu­ Schmucksachen, Pelzg, Brief marken usw.) vor. this we do not want to imply that integra­ lations. Having experienced the effects of Ansprueche bis zur Hoehe von DM 40.000 und tion into a new environment is impossible, the rigid application of the quota system by Ansprueche in Hoehe von 50 v.H. des hut we have to recognise that there are which many Central European Jews were DM 40.000 uebersteigenden Betrages sollen 'imitations. barred from leaving their countries of perse­ sofort befriedigt werden, hoehere Betraege cution before the outbreak of war, we have in Abstufungen in den Jahren 1964-1967. Betraege, die am 31. Dezember 1967 noch The Younger Generation special reason to remember this great states­ man under this aspect as well. nicht gezahlt sind, sollen vom 1. Januar 1968 ab verzinst werden. Die Zinsen sollen 1 v.H. Surprising as it may seem, this does not The question of integration also came up fuer jedes angefangene Vierteljahr betragen. "'ily apply to the older generation. Only in connection with the enforced resignation Auch Entziehungen in Ost-Berlin sollen decently the Observer published an article by of Lord Mancroft as Chainnan of the London entschaedigt werden, wenn die Verfolgten ^ young woman who had come to this country Advisory Board of the Norwich Union. It Oder ihre Rechtsnachfolger zu irgend einem *ith a children's transport in 1939. Her past would simplify the issue if we described the Zeitpunkt zwischen dem 30. Januar 1933 und *as constantly on her mind and she felt the actual causes of the resignation as antisemi­ dem 8. Mai 1945 ihren Wohnsitz oder '^^ge to visit the town where she was born tism in the usual meaning of the word. Anti­ dauernden Aufenthalt in Gebieten hatten, mit and where her parents lived until they were semitism is a phenomenon arising from the deren Regierungen die Bundesrepublik oeported. Only after visiting her birthplace minority status of the Jews in the Diaspora, Deutschland diplomatische Beziehungen unter­ °^d she feel that she had "overcome" her whereas in this case the action was ultimately haelt Oder die sie—wie Israel—so behandelt, Past. The interesting part of this story is directed against the State of Israel which, like als ob mit ihnen diplomatische Beziehungen ''ot the way in which she—rightly or wrongly every sovereign State, is bound to have both unterhalten wuerden. ~~^eems to have solved her problem, but the friends and foes in the forum of international Der Gesetzentwurf laesst ferner einen psychological tension under which she had politics. Therefore, as one Israeli paper Antrag auf Haerteausgleich zu, wenn ein een living, although she had spent most of pointed out on the occasion of another recent rueckerstattungsrechtlicher Anspruch wegen ^£^ formative years in this country. incident, it would be tantamount to the pre­ der Entziehung yon Hausrat in den ehemals From this angle we have to consider the servation of a ghetto mentality if any antagon­ besetzten Westgebieten oder wegen der question of the younger generation. By ism against Israel were at the outset branded Entziehung von Schmuck—und Edelmetall— younger generation " we mean those who are as antisemitism. Yet. having said this, it must Gegenstaenden in den ehemals besetzten oder °w between 30 and 45 years of age. We can­ be stated that once the Arab States deem fit Continued on page 2, column 1 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION January, 1964 ZUM BUNDESRUECKERSTATTUNGS-GESETZ GERMANY AND ISRAEL Dr. Ludwig Erhard will not press for diplo­ Continued from page 1 matic relations with Israel for fear that the Arabs recognise the Communist regime in eingegliederten Gebieten rechtskraeftig ERWEITERUNG DER RICHTLINIEN East Germany. The Chancellor also stated, zurueckgewiesen oder zurueckgenommen oder FUER VORAUSZAHLUNGEN when he met ne\yspaper correspondents nicht rechtzeitig angemeldet worden ist und recently in Bonn, that he would not introduce nach Fristablauf oder nach Rechtskraft der legislation barring German scientists from Entscheidung oder nach der Ruecknahme des Herabsetzung der Altersgrenze working in Egypt because " a careful investi­ gation " had revealed that only two scientists Antrags allgemeine Beweisunterlagen bekannt " with a Nazi past" were involved. Diplo­ geworden sind, die eine guetliche Einigung Am 30. Juni 1961 sind Richtlinien fuer matic contacts between Germany and Israel, oder eine ganz oder teilweise zuerkennende Berechtigte, denen unter das Bundesruecker­ he said, played only a secondary role to the gerichtliche Entscheidung ermoeglicht haetten. stattungsgesetz fallende Ansprueche (z.B. question of reparations for Nazi crimes, which Fuer die Gewaehrung von Haerteleistungen wegen Entziehung von Wertpapieren, Hausrat, was of foremost importance. soil ein Fonds in Hoehe von 400 Millionen Lifts, Schmucksachen, Pelzen, Briefmarken Several years ago the Federal Republic had DM errichtet werden. usw.) zustehen, bekannt gemacht worden Die shown understanding about why Israel was Alle Verfolgtenverbaende—ohne Unter­ Beguenstigten mussten zur Zeit der Antrag­ not prepared to establish full relations with schied, ob sie ihren Sitz in der Bundesrepublik stellung das 65. Lebensjahr vollendet haben. Germany. He was hopeful that Israel would Diese Richtlinien sind jetzt dahin erweitert now understand the German position. The oder ausserhalb haben—erhoben gegen den question, he said, was not whether formal Ausschluss von Berechtigten, die ohne ihr worden, dass auch Personen beruecksichtigt werden, die im Zeitpunkt der Antragstellung diplomatic ties should be established between Verschulden die Anmeldefrist versaeumt the two countries, but when. The Federal hatten und ihre Abfindung durch Gewaehrung das 50. Lebensjahr vollendet haben. Republic was determined to continue her von Haerteleistungen aus einem Fonds von Im folgenden werden die Voraussetzungen friendly relationship with Israel. fuer die Vorauszahlungen nochmals mitgeteilt: nicht mehr als 400 Millionen DM schwere In London Israeli sources have described Bedenken. Voraussetzungen Chancellor Erhard's comments on the activi­ Dr. W. Breslauer, Vize-Praesident des ties of German scientists in Egypt as Council of Jews from Germany, der mit Herrn 1. Personen, denen Ansprueche aus dem " incredible ". They remarked particularly on A. Dresel und Dr. F. Goldschmidt den Council Bundesgesetz zur Regelung der ruecker­ his reference to scientists with " a Nazi past _, stattungsrechtlichen Geldverbindlich­ and asked whether this justified the partici­ in der Sitzung vertrat, fuehrte dazu u.a. keiten des Deutschen Reiches und gleich­ pation by scientists without such a past in the folgendes aus:— gestellter Rechtstraeger (Bundesruecker­ creation of rockets and other offensive Die Bestimmung des § 5 des Bundes­ stattungsgesetz—BRueG—-) vom 19. Juli weapons for Egypt.—(J.C.) rueckerstattungsgesetzes, die durch die 1957 (Bundesgesetzbl. I S.141) zustehen, Errichtung des Haertefonds ergaenzt werden koennen ueber die Leistungen nach § 32 Abs. 2 und 3 BRueG hinaus nach CHURCHES' GUILT solle, erscheine auf Grund der Anwendung, Massgabe der folgenden Bestimmungen die sie in der Praxis erfahren habe, unhaltbar. Vorauszahlungen zur Befriedigung dieser Dean Heinrich Grueber, the West German Die Verfolgten, denen Vermoegensgegen­ Ansprueche erhalten. Protestant leader, addressing a meeting of the staende in der Bundesrepublik oder in West- Association for Christian-Jewish Co-operation Berlin entzogen worden seien, haetten 2. Vorauszahlungen werden auf Antrag at Tutzing, urged the churches to admit their reichlich Zeit gehabt, Ansprueche anzumelden. gewaehrt Der Antrag ist an die mistakes and their failure to act during the Behoerde zu richten, die den Bescheid Nazi regime. Germans were still highly Ganz anders aber liege die Sache bei nach § 38 BRueG erteilt hat. Berechtigten, denen Vermoegensgegenstaende susceptible to the twin viruses of Nazism ausserhalb der Bundesrepublik entzogen 3. Vorauszahlungen koennen nur an and militarism, he said, and as an example Personen gewaehrt werden, denen ein cited the extremist Deutsche Natiorutl-ZeituVig worden seien. Fuer diese Faelle muesse ein Bescheid nach § 38 BRueG erteilt worden und Soldaten-Zeitung, which had referred to Weg gefunden werden, der ueber die in ist. German opponents of Hitler as "the biggest Aussicht genommene Regelung hinausgehe. 4. Vorauszahlungen koennen nur an traitors in German history ". Es sei von der Bewilligung von Pauschsaetzen natueriiche Personen gewaehrt werden. The other main speaker. Professor Wille- gesprochen worden, und vielleicht koennte auf die im Zeitraum der Antrangstellung das hard Eckert, a Dominican from Cologne, diesem Wege geholfen werden. Zwei 50. Lebensjahr vollendet haben. Steht declared that the Catholic Church had never Wuensche seien aber hier vorzubringen: Man ein Anspruch einer Personehmehrheit put up any united resistance against Nazism. sollte davon absehen, eine Formulierung zu zu, so genuegt es, dass eine der an der The opposition from individual church leaders waehlen, die zwischen verschiedenen Personenmehrheit Beteiligte Person das and Christian groups had been too little and Verfolgtengruppen, z.B. West-Juden und Ost­ 50. Lebensjahr vollendet hat. Der Nacb- too late. He criticised Pope Pius XII who, n juden, unterscheide. Ferner koennten noch weis der Vollendung des 50. Lebensjahres he said, had evinced " a certain sympathy for ist durch Etnreichung einer amtlichen authoritarian regimes". Rolf Hochhuth s Dokumente gefunden werden, aus denen sich Urkunde zu fue^iren. ergebe, dass doch aus irgend welchen play, "The Representative", although it was 5. Vorauszahlungen koennen bis zu fol­ unfair in some respects, was " not entirely Ostgebieten Hausrat nach West-Deutschland unjustified ".—(J.C.) verbracht worden sei. Es stehe sogar bereits gender Hoehe gewaehrt werden : fest, dass in gewissem Umfange eine Vermu­ (a) Betraegt der im Bescheid nach § 38 BRueG fuer den einzelnen Berechtigten tung der Verbringung entzogener Schmuck­ insgesamt festgestellte Betrag mehr als sachen aus Ost-Deutschland nach Berlin 20.000 DM, aber weniger als 40.000 DM, INVEST YOUR SURPLUS CAPITAL bestehe. Es muesste auch eine Regelung so kann eine Vorauszahlung bis zu 50 v.H. IN getroffen werden, die vermeide, dass die des 20.000 DM uebersteigenden Betrages Berechtigten, wie es bei dem Haertefonds der gewaehrt werden Fall waere, erst etwas erhalten koennten, (b) Betraegt der im Bescheid nach § 38 wenn alle Anmeldungen durchgefuehrt seien BRueG fuer den einzelnen Berechtigten TRUSTEE und danach ein Gesamtbetrag festgestellt insgesamt festgestellte Betrag mehr als worden sei. Fuer die Reihenfolge der 40.000 DM, so kann eine Vorauszahlung INVESTMENTS Befriedigung der Ansprueche sollte eine bis zu 25 v.H. des im Bescheid festgestell­ ten Gesamtbetrages gewaehrt werden, which are : Regelung erfolgen, bei der insbesondere die jedoch nicht ueber einen Hoechstbetrag Berechtigten hoeheren Alters auch hinsicht­ von 100.000 DM hinaus. 1. Fully secured on property. lich der letzten 25% frueher befriedigt werden 6. Ist ein Anspruch ganz oder teilweise 2. Guaranteed at an Interest Rate sollten als dies nach dem Entwurf der Fall kraft Gesetzes oder auf Grund Rechts­ sei. geschaeftes auf einen Dritten ueberge­ of between 6%-8% per annum. Rechtsanwalt Martin Hirsch schloss die gangen, so kann eine Vorauszahlung an 3. Insured against inflation by a Sitzung nach Anhoerung der Verfolgten­ den Antragsteller nur mit Zustimmung gruppen mit der Erklaerung, dass der des Dritten gewaehrt werden. unique built-in safeguard. Wiedergutmachungsausschuss die Vorschlaege Die Gewaehrung von Vorauszahlungen an For further mformation contact : der Verbaende, insbesondere in der Richtung Berechtigte. zu deren Gunsten bereits ein der Bewilligung von Pauschsaetzen fuer Bescheid einer Oberfinanzdirektion ergangen Mr. P. Abbey (London Consultant) Ansprueche, die ohne Verschulden verspaetet ist, ist danach nur von dem Nachweis des angemeldet worden seien, pruefen und sich Alters von 50 Jahren abhaengig und nicht etwa BRICE, TARRY & CO., LTD. bemuehen werde, die Novelle zum Bundes­ —wie in frueheren Richtlinien ueber Gewaeh­ rueckerstattungsgesetz so schnell wie moeglich rung von Darlehen—von der Beduerftigkeit Telephone : CHAncery 2345 zu verabschieden. des Berechtigten. Evening, WORdsworth 1148 F. GOLDSCHMIDT. F.G. AJR INFORMATION January, 1964 Page 3

JEWS MOURN KENNEDY Throughout the world Jewish communities joined in mourning the tragic passing of President Kennedy and expressed their deep Joachim Prinz sense of grief in synagogues, at public meet­ ings, through organisational declarations and personal messages of condolence. UNVOLLENDETE SYMPHOME In Israel a three-day period of national mourning was observed and a special com­ memoration session of the Knesset was held Zum Tode von John F. Kennedy Synagogues all over the United States were packed when Jews in America answered John Fitzgerald Kennedy war 28. August dieses Jahres mit ihm President Johnson's call to prayer. vielleicht die grosste HofEnung um den grossen Tisch im Kabinetts- The Chief Rabbi, Dr. Brodie, sent a message unserer Zeit. In der Aera der alten zimmer im White House sassen, of sympathy to Mrs. Kennedy on behalf of Manner, die die Welt regierten, de gab es Momente wo er nicht der Anglo-Jewry. Special prayers were recited at Gaulle, Ben-Gurion, Adenauer und Prasident sondern der leiden­ synagogue services throughout Britain and the Commonwealth and Dr. Brodie delivered the Khrushchev, wurde er das Symbol schaftliche Mitkampfer in der address at the service at the Marble Arch des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts. grossen Frage der Gleichberech­ Synagogue, which was attended by representa­ Das war keineswegs nur eine tigung war. All das war fiir ihn tives of the United States Embassy and the chronologische Tatsache, sondern nicht nur eine legislative, sondern Israeli Ambassador. Sir Barnett Janner, M.P., eine tiefe moralische Frage. Er war president of the Board of Deputies, paid ein Programm. Jugend war das der Reprasentant des besten tribute to the memory of President Kennedy Zeichen seines Lebens. Die grosse Amerika, der Traditionen Jefifer- on behalf of the Anglo-Jewish community. Rede, die er vor weniger als drei sons und Walt Whitmans. Alles was The late President was widely regarded as Jahren in Washington am Tage in diesem Land gross und gross- a friend of the Jews. He not only showed seiner Vereidigung hielt, betonte, general good will towards the community iDut dass jetzt die in diesem Jahrhun­ zLigig ist, alles was natiirlich und enjoyed the company of Jews and brought dert geborene, durch den Krieg ehrenhaft ist, hatte sich in ihm many to work with him. erhartete und die Probleme des vereinigt. President Lyndon B. Johnson, in a message schweren Friedens bewusst Was sich in diesen Tagen an thanking the Israeli Prime Minister, Mr. gemachte Generation die Ge­ Tragischem ereignet hat, ist nicht Eshkol, for his cable of condolence, stated zu erfassen oder zu beschreiben. that he intends to pursue President Kennedy's schichte Amerikas und der freien policy of friendship towards Israel.—(J.C.) Welt iibernimmt. Dieser hutlose, Es erinnert an die klassische junge Mann, unzeremoniell, immer Tragodie der Griechen. Aber die DEATH OF HERBERT H. LEHMAN gelost, lachelnd oder ernst und Reaktion des Volkes in alien President Johnson, Mr. Robert Kennedy, meditativ, war ein Mann eines Schichten war eines der ergrei- Cabinet Ministers and Supreme Court Justices neuen Stiles. Es war der Stil des f endsten Erlebnisse unseres Lebens. led more than 4,000 mourners at the funeral Intellektuellen im zwanzigsten Mit keinem Tode haben sie sich so service at Temple Emanuel, New York, for Jahrhundert. tief betroffen gefUhlt. Das gilt fiir Mr. Herbert H. Lehman, who died aged 85. alle. Es gilt besonders fiir die Herbert Lehman was born in New York City Das White House, ein ernstes jungen Menschen. Zum ersten Mal as the son of Jewish immigrants from Bavaria. Prunkstiick, wurde zum Sammel- in der Geschichte des Landes haben From 1928-32 he was Lieutenant-Governor, and punkt der Dichter, Maier, Kom­ from 1932-42 Governor, of the State of New die jungen Menschen einen Vertre­ York. In 1942, at the request of President ponisten und Wissenschaftler, Statt ter ihrer Generation gehabt. Zum Roosevelt, he took over the direction of the der Militarkapelle gab es Kammer- ersten Mal hat der Mann in Wash­ Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations musik. Statt der simplifizierten ington ihre Sprache gesprochen. in the State Department, which led to his direkten Tat gab es komplizierte Kennedys Kampf gegen Armut und unanimous election by the United Nations to Analyse. Das White House stand Krankheit, fiir Erziehung und Bil­ be Director-General of Unrra. He resigned in auf dem selben Platz, aber das dung, fiir Frieden und Gleich­ 1946. From 1950 to 1956 he was a Member Leben darinnen hatte sich vollig berechtigung, ist der Kampf der of the Senate. geandert. besten der jungen amerikanischen Herbert Lehman's busy political career did Generation. Der jiingste Prasident not prevent an active participation in many John F. Kennedy war der erste Jewish causes. He served the " Joint" as katholische Prasident der Vereinig­ hat im Namen seiner Generation Treasurer, Vice-Chairman and Hon. Chairman. ten Staaten. Seine Frommigkeit zu dieser Nation und zu der Welt For a long period he was an active member of war kein plotzlich angelegtes gesprochen. Als er plotzlich und the American Jewish Committee, which elected Staatsgewand. Alle Prasident en tragisch starb, blieb das Herz von him Hon. Vice-President in 1946. He also held gehen Sonntag zur Kirche. Es Millionen Menschen stehen, hier responsible offices with the United Jewish und in der Welt. Appeal and Ort. Israeli causes received his gehort zum Amt. Bei Kennedy warm support. waren es eine tiefe Ueberzeugung Der da starb, war eine grosse Mr. Lehman died of a heart attack as he was und Familientradition. Sein Erfolg Hoffnung. Eine Hoffnung, ein preparing to leave for Washington to receive bei der Wahl (sehr reduziert in Traum, eine Idee, aber noch keine from President Johnson America's highest der aktuellen Zahl der Majoritat Erfiillung. Sein Leben war wie der award—the Presidential Freedom Medal. The wegen seines Katholizismus) war einsame hohe Ton in Bachs letztem President made immediate arrangements to ein grosser Sieg fiir uns alle. Es unvoUendeten Werk. der wie ein fly to New York for the funeral service, despite war ein Durchbruch, der von nun Stern hoch oben am Himmel leuch­ an effort by Mrs. Lehman, the widow, to an alien nichtprotestantischen Kan­ tet, einsam und losgelost vom dissuade him from making the journey on didaten die Tiir offnet. Da alle security grounds. The Governor of New York grossen Sternenzelt. Es war wie State. Mr. Nelson Rockefeller, has ordered a fiirchterlichen Prophezeiungen von Schuberts Unvollendete Sym­ 30-day period of mourning throughout the den kirchlichen Einfliissen sich als phonie. Vieles war begonnen. Alle State. unbegriindet erwiesen haben, wird Umrisse waren klar vorhanden. Die es jetzt fiir Katholiken, Juden und Melodie war da, das Leitmotiv, das eines spaten Tages auch fiir Neger fiir ein langes Leben bestimmt war. moglich sein, die hochsten Aemter Friihvollendete gibt es in dieser Gorta Radiovision im Lande zu bekleiden. harten Welt der politischen Reali- Service Kennedy's Religiositat hatte poli­ taten nicht mehr. In diesen nach­ tische Konsequenzen. Obwohl er sten fiinf Jahren—waren sie ihm (Member R.T.R.A.) ein praktischer Politiker war, hat vergonnt gewesen—hatte es durch 13 Frognal Parade, er an moralischen Prinzipien fest­ und mit John F. Kennedy einen FincWey Road, N.W.S gehalten. Er hatte messianische neuen Friihling hier und in der Vorstellungen vom ewigen Frieden Welt geben konnen. Est ist schwer SALES REPAIRS zu verstehen und sich damit abzu- Agents for Bush, Pye, Philips, und von den moralischen Grund­ Grundig, etc. lagen des " amerikanischen finden, dass das nun nicht mehr Refrigerators, Washing-Machines Stocked Traums." Als wir. die zehn Fuhrer sein wird. Mr. Gort will always be pleased to des " March on Washington " am ("Aufbau," New York) advise you. (HAM. 8635) Page 4 AJR INFORMATION January, 1964

JEWRY IN THE EAST NEy\/S FROM ABROAD Atheist Seminary The Yiddish Writers' Club in Moscow, which SHADOWS OF THE PAST AUSTRIAN JEWRY'S CLAIMS is a branch of the Soviet Writers' Union, has He Arrested Anne Frank been invited to send a delegation to attend a At an 800-strong meeting of Jewish victims special seminar organised by the Soviet Karl Silberbauer, an inspector in the Vienna of the Nazis in Vienna, Dr. H. G. Van Dam, Ministry of Culture for the training of atheist pohce, has confessed that he was one of the secretary-general of the Central Council of journalists, to be held at Yaroslav. The Nazi police squad which arrested Anne Frank Jews in Germany, said that Austrian Jews seminar will be devoted to improving the in her Amsterdam hiding place on August 4, were the most discriminated against of all methods of atheist propaganda in press, radio 1944. It is understood that Silberbauer has victims of the Nazis. and television. been suspended from duty and an investiga­ The Austrian and German Governments In Poland three Jews have been elected to tion ordered into his part in the arrest. should not blame each other but should com­ the executive Council of the Society of pensate Austrian Jews fairly, said Dr. Van Atheists. The Polish Yiddish press claims Ez-S.S. Captain Indicted Dam. Before leaving Vienna, he stated that that there has been a growing tendency among he would fight for equal rights for Austrian Jews of late to join atheist groups and to take Erich Rajakovitch, the ex-S.S. captain who restitution claimants. a leading part in their activities. has been under arrest in Vienna since last April, has had a provisional indictment pre­ Atoms for Peace Prize pared against him by the State prosecutor's U.S.A. SCIENTIST REHABILITATED ofiice. The first Russian scientist to win an Atoms It is known that Rajakovitch went to The President Lyndon Johnson, at a special for Peace award. Professor Vladimir losifovich Hague in 1941 as assistant to the Nazi White House ceremony, presented the Jewish Veksler, is a Jew. One of the many Jewish Governor of Holland. The Dutch State Insti­ physicist. Dr. I. Robert Oppenheimer, with physicists working at the main Russian nuclear tute for War Documentation, it is understood, the Enrico Fermi Award, the highest honour research laboratory in Dubna, he shares this made material available giving " clear proof " the American Atomic Energy Commission can year's award with an American scientist. Dr. that Rajakovitch personally ordered the bestow. The award carries with it a cash Edwin McMillan. Professor Veksler was deportation of Dutch Jews to the Auschwitz prize of £17,850. awarded the Order of Lenin and the Lenin gas chambers. The State prosecutor's office, Dr. Oppenheimer, now director of the Prize for his scientific work, rare distinctions it now seems certain, will charge Rajakovitch Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, to be won by any scientist. with war crimes and the trial is likely to begin was in charge of the development of the first in March.—(J.C.) atomic bomb. In December 1953 he was listed Decline of Moscow Yeshiva as a security risk. This decision was regarded A visitor recently returned from Moscow as wrong by many and just before his assas­ WATCH ON NEO-NAZIS stated that the yeshiva there had dwindled sination President Kennedy had announced to five registered students and three instruc­ The State Minister of the Interior, Herr that Dr. Oppenheimer would receive the tors. Applications for registration made about Heinrich Schneider, replying to a question in award. The presentation is seen in Washing­ six months ago by eight young Georgian and the State Parliament, declared that during ton as clearing Dr. Oppenheimer's name. Central Asian Jews have been refused. K the past five years there had been 784 prose­ would be a miracle if the yeshiva continued cutions for antisemitic incidents in the State TRIBUTE TO NEGRO LEADER to function at all by the end of next year. of Hesse. Although there were still a number The authorities have also refused to allow of parents who indoctrinated their children, The Rev. Martin Luther King, Jnr., at the part of the funds, originally subscribed in nevertheless the Government had not observed United Synagogue of America's golden 1957 by Moscow Jews for constructing a new any occurrence of widespread anti-Jewish feel­ jubilee convention, received Conservative yeshiva building, to be used for the repair of ings among the population. People guilty of Jewry's highest award—the Solomon Schechter the present yeshiva and the synagogue build­ antisemitic behaviour, said Herr Schneider, Award—for "translating the prophetic vision ing m which it is housed. were punished with the full rigour of the law. of Abraham Lincoln into reality".—(J.C.) He stated that neo-Nazi groups in West Discriminating Identity Cards Germany were negligible because of their AIRBORNE ANTISEMITISM Professor Roger Quilliot, a member of the growing disunity, despite their attempts to gain delegation of the French Socialist Executive political infiuence. Just the same, the authori­ A low-flying aircraft showered thousands of which recently visited tbe Soviet Union, at a ties were keeping a watchful eye on all their antisemitic leaflets on the centre of Toronto. press conference stated that Jewish citizens activities.—(J.C.) The leaflets carried the Virginia address of there carry an identity card in which the the American Nazi party and proclaimed that word " Jew" is inscribed in red ink—a CARE FOR GRAVES OF NAZI VICTIMS " Hitler was right—Communism is Jewish ". distinction made in no other case. The George Lincoln Rockwell, leader of the Professor said it had been hinted that, since The German Minister of the Interior will party, stated he had no personal connection the Jews had no territory of their own, it place a Bill before the Federal Parliament with the incident. might soon be decided that in future their il according to which graves of Nazi victims, passports should bear the name only of the particularly of inmates of concentration repuDlic in which they live. camps, will be permanently cared for out of CHAGALL POSTAGE STAMP The delegation, which was led by M. Guy German Govemmental Funds. Practically all Mollet, had been informed that numerous these costs are already defrayed now, but the France has honoured Marc Chagall, the scientists, deputies and other leading Soviet promulgation of the Bill was found necessary Jewish painter born in Russia who has lived personalities were Jews and were given to secure permanent care. in Paris for many years, with the edition of statistics in this regard. Professor Quilliot a new French postage stamp. The stamp said that he had also been informed that Jews bears a reproduction of Chagall's famous were not admitted in certain spheres—for NO DISCIPLINARY ACTION AGAINST picture, " Lovers of the Eiffel Tower ". example they cannot be official interpreters HOFSTAETTER and certain diplomatic posts are closed to ARGENTINA HONOURS NAZI them. Jews also found more difficulties than As reported in our October issue. Professor non-Jews in obtaining passports for travelling P. R. Hofstaetter, Hamburg, expressed the The press in Buenos Aires has given wide abroad. view that the killings of the Jews by the publicity to a protest by outstanding scientists, It was clear to him that antisemitism still Nazis were just actions of war and could not writers and academicians addressed to Presi­ lingered in the Russian mind. There was a be regarded as murder. The Senate of dent Guido. They objected to the Ministry certain distrust of the Jew, a suspicion of Hamburg University has now decided to dis­ of Education's decision to name a high school Zionist sympathies.—(J.C.) continue the disciplinary action which had after Gustavo Zuviria, a fanatical Nazi and been instituted against this irresponsible Warsaw Old Age Home teacher of German students. It has, however, antisemite who died a year ago. expressed its strong disapproval of "the Zuviria's books—written under the pen- The only Jewish Home for the Aged and manner in which in recent months Hofstaetter name of Hugo Wast—formed the ideological the first established since the war, has been has dealt with burning problems of political basis for all extremist neo-Nazi movements in opened in Warsaw. The American Joint group relations." Latin America. As Argentina's Minister of Distribution Committee provided most of the Education in 1943 he was responsible for the funds for the institution, with a contribution expulsion from the universities of 250 demo­ from the Central British Fund. The Home ADENAUER'S DONA^nON TO J.N.F. cratic academicians, including a Nobel Prize laureate.— (J.C.) has a kosher kitchen and facilities for religious Dr. Konrad Adenauer has informed Mr. services. William Wertheimer, the chairman of the URUGUAY BANS NEO-NAZI PAPER special J.N.F. committee which is planting a Teachers' College in Breslan forest in Israel in his honour, that he is After ten years an antisemitic scandal sheet, According to "Folks-Sztyme," the Polish- donating £357 to the project. " La Escoba", appearing in Montevideo, has Yiddish newspaper, Wroclaw (formerly Last year the former Chancellor awarded a been banned by the Uruguayan Government. Breslau), which has the largest Jewish com­ special decoration of merit to Mr. Wertheimer The authorities had been extremely reluctant munity in Western Poland, is to have a new for promoting better understanding between to appear to be in any way infringing on the teachers' training college with boarding Jews and Germans. freedom of the press or freedom of expression. facilities. AJR INFORMATION January, 1964 Page 5 HOME NEWS ANGLO-JUDAICA Anglo-Jewish Information THE MANCROFT RESIGNATION WIDESPREAD LIABILITIES Bureau The resignation of Lord Mancroft from the OF C.B.F. The desire of the Anglo-Jewish Association chairmanship of the London Advisory Board to co-operate and interact closely with all of the Norwich Union Insurance Societies has A greater number of Jews received assist­ organisations with corresponding purposes, caused widespread comment and angry ance from the American Joint Distribution has been stressed by its president, Mr. Maurice reaction. This is the first known case of a Committee and the Central British Fund in Edelman, M.P. As a result of discussions Prominent member of the Jewish community 1962 and 1983 than at any time since 1950. among various committees of the A.J.A., it being forced to resign from the board of a More than 277,000 people, many of them has been decided to set up an Anglo-Jewish large business concern because of Arab refugees from 26 countries, were helped in Voluntary Services Bureau " to give guidance Pressure. one form or another at a total cost of over and information to those who would like to . In a statement, made by Mr. Peter Thomas £10 miUion. engage in voluntary service either at home or in the Commons and by Lord Carrington in the Despite the valuable work the C.B.F. does abroad." It had also been agreed in principle Lords, the Government expressed its strong in providing relief and rehabilitation for to establish an Anglo-Jewish Information disapproval of pressure from any source on thousands of Jews all over the world, it Bureau about the institutions and institutional British firms to discriminate between British seems that its public image in the Anglo- resources of the community. subjects on any grounds. " We have made our Jewish community is not as effective as it views known to representatives of the Arab should be. At a meeting of the National Schemes for New Homes Embassies in London ", the statement goes on. Advisory Conference of the C.B.F., Sir Henry The Leeds Jewish Housing Association has In doing so, we have expressed our dis­ d'Avigdor-Goldsmid, M.P., said that the C.B.F. been one of the pioneers in the field of com­ approval of action by these Embassies designed was a " flop " today. During the war years munal housing with its £270,000 Queenshill to bring pressure on British firms to comply it had made an effort which, by comparison, estate which has tackled the problem of With the Arab boycott of Israel and we have was equal to that of the American Jewish rehousing Jews, many of them old and sick said that we hope these practices will not community. Today, said Sir Henry, the Jewish who were living often in deplorable conditions. continue." poor in Britain, the blind and others in need In London the Board of Guardians has set As readers know from the national press. were well supported by the community. What up a special sub-committee to consider ways Lord Mancroft has declined the invitation to would awaken British Jews to a sense of of solving the problem. The building of flat­ ^3oin the London Advisory Board of the responsibility to their brethren overseas and lets and homes will shortly be completed and Worwich Union. He has also decided to divide outside Israel ? He suggested that one of plans are afoot for further building. The ^e compensation he has received from the the territories administered by the A.J.D.C. Home for Aged Jews, Wandsworth, is plan­ ^orwich Union between Jewish and non- should be taken over by the C.B.F. so that it ning further accommodation for the aged, and Jewish home charities ; one of the beneficiaries would have a special project to which British the Adath Yisroel Synagogue in North London ^11 be the Norwich Synagogue, with which Jewry could be attracted. will build a home for the aged as well. In •^is family has been associated for many The conference discussed ways and means Manchester a new home for the aged is also venerations. to be built and the Manchester Board of of making Anglo-Jewry aware of the C.B.F.'s Guardians has been studying a number of In presenting the report to the Board of liabilities and of raising the funds required proposals for a communal housing scheme deputies, Mr. S. Teff, Vice-President of the for its work. similar to that in Leeds. ooard, stated that the " unfortunate episode " The view was expressed that in the United ^ight in the event turn out to have good London Minister for U.S.A. Jesuits, if only in bringing into prominence States and in other countries it was found Jne methods used by the Arab States and in that more money was raised by everything The Rev. Dr. Chaim Pearl is giving up his Jne reprobation of their pressure by both coming under one heading and by having an post as minister of the New West End Syna­ 'government and public opinion in this country. umbrella organisation. But in Europe people gogue, London, to become spiritual leader at were still operating their fund-raising on the the Riverdale Conservative Synagogue, New Sir Barnett Janner, M.P., President of the lines of 25 years ago. Inevitably the stage York, and expects to move to America just ••ewish Board of Deputies, has strongly con- would be reached of united fund raising and before next Pesach. oemned the company for " surrendering to there was now a movement afoot towards this pohtical boycott". in Central Europe.—(J.C.) Kennedy Scholarship -^^The Arab boycott office has announced that "Jr. Patrick Hancock, British Ambassador in FASCIST ACTIVITIES Carmel College has created a scholarship ^orway, would be banned from Arab countries endowment fund in the name of the late oecause of "Zionist sympathies". Mr. Han- Fighting broke out near the Town Hall in President Kennedy. About £15,000 has been cock, who is not a Jew, was until quite recently Kensington where Mosley was addressing a raised for the scholarship fund. Each £8,000 oritish Ambassador in Israel for four years. meeting. About 60 demonstrators outside the invested will provide a scholarship for one hall were distributing leaflets protesting boy throughout his stay at Carmel College. INSURANCE COMPANIES against Mosley's Union Movement and fighting began when some of Mosley's supporters left Scottish Judge DENY DISCRIMINATION the hall during the meeting. w^'i a recent issue of the "New Statesman", Mr. Manuel Kissen, Q.C., of Edinburgh, has ?*r. C. Rolph commented that in some courts A leaflet believed to have been printed by been appointed a Senator of the College of - eould be a disadvantage to look too Jewish Colin Jordan's National Socialist Movement Justice, and becomes the first Jew to be made .F to speak with a foreign accent. Some of and bearing the name of that organisation, a judge in Scotland. Judge Kissen was called the was found in Hertford. It called for a boycott to the Bar in 1946 and was made a Q.C. in insurance companies, he said, actually of "Jewish goods" and claimed that Jews in 1955. Three years ago he became a member an ^^ a bigger motor insurance premium to Britain were taking over more and more of the Law Reform Committee for Scotland n obvious foreigner or Jew because, when British firms. Reference was also made to and a year ago was appointed chairman of the prosecuted for a driving offence, he makes a " Jewish atrocities in Palestine" which National Health Tribunal in Scotland. He poorer showing in court. Mr. Rolph quoted remained unpunished. " Israel plans further served with the R.A.F. during the war and Ih^ example of an Austrian-born professor aggression in the Middle East" stated the was mentioned in dispatches. Jy^S in Britain for 28 years who had only leaflet. pPyen in this country, yet paid about 15 per Remembrance Parade Sam ^°^^ ^^^° ^^^ English colleagues for the CONFERENCE ON RUSSIAN ame cover through the same broker, The national chairman of the Association g J^e British Insurance Association, repre- JEWRY PROPOSED of Jewish Ex-Service Men and Women has .j?.*'ng 254 companies in this country, in a The Council of the Anglo-Jewish Associa­ replied to those who have criticised the need ,'aiement issued to the Jewish Chronicle, tion adopted a resolution at its meeting in for holding a separate Jewish ex-Servicemen's has remembrance parade. Mr. de Wolfe stated j^ . sai—;^»^d* thaLiiatt thertiiciec i1s3 niiou prejudicpicjuun,^e; againsagaiiioit, London to approach the Chief Rabbi to con­ "otonsts in this country when they take out vene a conference of communal organisations that Ajex did not intend altering their j,g insurance policies, whatever their colour, active in the field o| foreign affairs and con­ arrangements unless someone came forward ar^^ or religion. It is pointed out that there cerned with the plight of Russian Jewry. with other ideas which would incorporate all cha ^'^eumstances where a foreign national is Several speakers during the discussion the features of the present parade. This now g'FSed more because it is felt that he does stressed that prominent national figures included a Jewish religious service and the R--i .^ve sufficient experience of driving in should be in the forefront of such action, parade provided an opportunity for old com­ Britain.-. (J.C.) which should not be limited to the Jewish rades from all over the country to meet each other again. OUTLAWING RACE HATE community alone. New Ajex President Gro Pledge has been given by Mr. Anthony TRIBUTE TO GOLLANCZ ^L eenwood. chairman of the Labour Party, The Hon. Peter Samuel, a son of Viscount Mp K '^ ^'*' Fenner Brockway's Private The Mayor of the Bavarian town of Tutzing Bearsted, is the new president of Ajex, suc­ bLe embers' Bill against racial discrimination, to has announced that the town's gold medal for ceeding Mr. Edmund de Rothschild who Gp introduce. '^JViULCdU bUVv himilml folUlr thlllCe tentICllllhl timeLllllC, failIdllsS humanitarian action has been awarded to announced last March that he would not be ^y^'^'.the next Labour Government will intro- Mr. Victor Gollancz, the publisher, for the able to continue as president. Mr. Samuel ohi ^ Its own legislation to achieve the same aid he afforded the German people in the won the Military Cross at El Alamein and immediate post-war years. was also mentione.d in dispatches. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION January, 1964 Eva G. Reichniann sigh of relief. And they went, not only to the community offices, but to all the other offices that existed in that highly organised body that had been German Jewry: the Central-Verein, ANSWERING HANNAH ARENDT the Zionist Organisation, the Palestine Office and the Jewish Hilfsverein which advised on As reported in the previous issue, a symposium was recently held in London emigration, and later on the Reichsvertretung under the atispices of the World Jewish Congress at which speakers from several based on them all. If all those organisations Continental countries refuted the charges levelled by Hannah Arendt in her book, and associations, ill-equipped as they were for " Eichmann in Jerusalem". We publish below extracts from the address delivered a desperate emergency, had thrown up the by Dr. Eva G. Reichmann on that occasion. sponge and stopped working—hunger and despair v?ruld have seized our people, and the After expressing her amazement at why Miss fellow-inmates in Theresienstadt the truth of number of suicides, already shocking, would Arendt, authoress of highly reputed books, what awaited them in Auschwitz, because it have surpassed any imagination. should have ventured on to a field of which was his opinion—violently attacked by Miss she knew little and in which counter-evidence Arendt—that " living in the expectation of By putting the main emphasis from the was abundant, Mrs. Reichmann went on to death by gassing would only be the harder ". beginning on emigration, primarily of the quote Hannah Arendt's remarks aimed Let us deal with these points in turn. young, later of all age groups, German Jewry especially at the German Jews: " The etemal What she means by the " fatal inability to succeeded in rescuing about half of its original and ubiquitous nature of antisemitism . . . distinguish between friend and foe " allegedly number of 550,000. More would have been must have been the cause of the otherwise produced by antisemitism, and which is sup­ able to leave but for the restrictive immigra­ inexplicable readiness of the German Jewish posed to have accounted for the German Jews' tion laws in nearly all countries of refuge. Of community to negotiate with the Nazi authori­ readiness to negotiate with the Nazi authori­ these emigrants, a high proportion was well ties during the early stages of the regime. This ties, I frankly do not understand. I had the trained or retrained owing to the establishment conviction nroduced a fatal inability to dis­ honour to know almost all of the Jewish of training centres, through " co-operation", tinguish between friend and foe ; the German leaders in Germany, some intimately, to watch for artisans and agriculture. Others were Jews underestimated theii enemies because their decisions from close quarters and share enabled to transfer some money through the somehow they thought all Gentiles were alike." their work. Thev all knew very well who were Haavarah agreement with Palestine, of which This is one of the passages, Mrs. Reichmann their friends and who their enemies. I would Miss Arendt severely disapproves. Children continued—but not the only one—which is even submit that in the whole of Germany it could continue to study abroad with the help followed by her wholesale accusation of the was the German Jews who were the first to of a transfer agreement for this purpose. " submissive meekness with which the Jews recognise the Nazis as the universal enemies of When, after the November pogrom of 1938, went to their death, arriving on time at their mankind, long before the Republican poli­ England enacted generous rescue measures, transportation points, walking under their own ticians and the democratic parties took any 3,500 men were provisionally accommodated in power to the places of execution, digging their notice of them. It was particularly one frac­ the Richborough Camp and many more chil­ own graves ", etc., etc. tion of German Jewry, the one with which I dren and adults were admitted at the last hour. served, the Jewish Central-Verein, which was If the Council for German Jewry, which was Later on Miss Arendt has this to say: alerted by the Nazi danger from its very founded in London for all these purposes, had Eichmann expected Jewish co-operation, beginnings and never ceased to fight them as not been able to address itself to an opposite " and, to a truly extraordinary degree, he long as it was possible. number in Germany how could it possibly received it. . . . Without Jewish help in have done its splendid work ? administrative and police work—the final What is "Co-operation"? rounding-up of Jews in Berlin was done From the archives yielding their secrets entirely by Jewish police—there would have As regards her reproach of " co-operation ", after the war we know that a rushed, unorgan­ been either complete chaos or an impossibly her criticism is more intelligible though by no ised, unprepared emigration, i.e., what would severe drain on German manpower ". . .. " This means more justified. In the course of the have occurred without the ominous " co-opera­ role of the Jewish leaders in the destruction of last war the term " co-operation" has taken tion ", was exactly what the Nazis would have their own people is undoubtedly the darkest on a strong touch of abuse beyond its original wished to happen. It was one of the devilish chapter in the whole dark story." ..." The meaning. Of this ambiguity Miss Arendt makes devices of their foreign policy. In a circular whole truth was that if the Jewish people had full use. If by " co-operation " is meant nego­ to all diplomatic and consular representatives really been unorganised and leaderless, there tiations as conducted everywhere between on " The Jewish Factor in Germany's Foreign would have been chaos and plenty of misery, rulers and dependents, even between victors Policy " they stated expressly that the influx but the total number of victims would hardly and vanquished, she is quite right. In every of great numbers of pauperised Jews into have been between five and six million prisoner-of-war camp, even in every concen­ foreign countries would serve to spread anti­ people." tration camp, there is " co-operation " between semitism there and create sympathy for the the gaolers and the inmates as far as the more Nazi ideology in general. Leo Baeck Reproached or less primitive functions of life are con­ Of what happened during the final stages of cerned. It would, for the sake of argument, the " Final Solution " I was not an eye-witness. One of the great figures of the time, our be quite elucidating to think of German Jewry I would therefore rather not make myself an Rabbi Dr. Baeck, comes in for particularly after the Nazi advent to power as a gigantic accomplice of sitting in judgment on my severe strictures. He was, she says, " in the concentration camp. The analogy is imper­ unhappy fellow-workers who stayed behind eyes of both Jews and Gentiles the 'Jewish fect, as are most analogies. There was, e.g., Fiihrer' ". For " humane " considerations— still a limited possibility to escape through in quotation marks!—he withheld from his emigration. But this much of it is true that in a police state ruled by terror, the life of the Don't suffer from the effects of DRY AIR caused by Jewish minority, singled out for aggression by Central-Heating Vour HOUM for:— the new rulers, depended on the directives and authorisations of the government for its every CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO action and move. UPHOLSTERY German Jews were not " expected " to offer their co-operation. They were summoned to it. SPtClALTY I happened to take the telephone call from the Chief of the Gestapo in March, 1933, which CONTINENTAL DOWN ordered that the President of my organisation and Chairmen of other Jewish bodies appear QUILTS! before Goering. Otherwise, I was told, there would be no guarantee for the safety of any ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS German Jew. There was no altemative. From one day to the other during the first stages of BSTIMATIS net Nazi rule thousands of Jews lost their liveli­ INSTALL A HUMIDIFIER hood. There were mass dismissals from the )n your Kadia.or and be tree from an unpleasant DAWSON-LANE LIMITED professions as well as among employees. and unhealthy atn^Ofphere. 17 BRIDGE ROAD. WEMBLEY PARK People were perplexed and desolate and on the INEXPENSIVE—NO RUNNING COSTS Ask for details from : Telephone : ARN. 6671 brink of starvation. But there was one, and only one, harbour of refuge: " The Jewish The Humidifier Co. 25 Bridge Rood, Wembley Park, Middx Pcnonal attention ol Mr. W Scltachminn. Community" ("Die Gemeinde"). "Let's go to the community " people would say with a ARNold 7603 AJR INFORMATION January, 1964 Page 7 Answering Hannah Arendt Old Acquaintances Milestones: Lily Kann, well known to many and met their doom. I would only say this: demn us. Our attempts to ward off the fate of our readers as a former member of Berlin's all of them were to become martyrs, not loosely which was not in all phases a pre-ordained Jewish Kulturband ensemble, recently cele­ speaking, but in the full sense of the word. necessity, and all the time relentlessly to plan brated her 70th birthday. She started her They all would have been able to leave Ger­ for the rescue of the greatest number, was the career in this country in 1942, when she many in time, many of them with excellent most conscientious and honourable decision appeared with Martin Miller in "Awake and prospects of resettlement. With not a few of then available to human frailty. Its results, Sing ". Since then she has appeared regularly them did I discuss this possibility. However, though remaining lamentably behind our on stage, screen and TV.—Karl Farkas, M.C. when I heard of their decision not to desert desires, do not make Miss Arendt's alternative of Vienna's " Simpl" Cabaret and author of their flock, even in that hour of utter hopeless­ of turmoil and chaos a possible choice, not " Die Wunderbar " and several other librettos, ness, I was silenced. I admired them and felt even in the light of hindsight. That she dares has also turned 70; he survived the Nazi like a deserter myself. Little did I then to ridicule the spiritual Jewish revival of regime in the United States but returned to expect that one day I would have to defend those first few years of persecution can be Austria shortly after the war. those high-minded men and women because mentioned only in passing. .dustria ; Hans Wingc, film critic of " Die they knowingly chose the way that would lead If all the rabbis, spiritual and lay leaders Presse", has become associate director of to their supreme sacrifice. had followed Miss Arendt's advice and " done Vienna's School for Film and TV which has nothing ", if they had thought only of saving as teachers Lindtberg, Steinboeck and D. Martyrdom of Communal Workers their skin and leaving their less adaptable Haugk.—Berlin-born Ulrich Baumgartner has Their last years of work must have been fellow-Jews to their fate—I wonder what kind been appointed director of Vienna's Theatre sheer inferno. In the face of certain death of book Miss Arendt would then have written. Festival, to take place this year from May 23 they still tried to help to the best of their At a time when even in Germany an to June 21.—Hans Thimig directed "The Painfully restricted ability. Whatever they " agonising reappraisal" is stirring in some Aspern Papers" at Josefstadt, in which his *Iid it was now only a choice between horror enlightened circles and when moving gestures sister Helene appeared with Vilman Fegischer. and horror. When in October, 1942, two are being made to honour the memory of the —Robert Stolz has now recorded all his •^embers of the Jewish Community administra­ victims, it is torture to hear it said, with famous hit tunes. tion in Berlin went into hiding, eight Jewish reference to Miss Arendt, that after all the Home .\eir« ; Peter llling appears in Peter functionaries were shot as hostages. Jews themselves seem to have been guilty of Howard's " Diplomats " at the Westminster.— About Miss Arendt's suggestion of "how their own destruction. Milo Sperber produced three one-act plays by they enjoyed their power", words fail me to Our dead cannot plead for themselves. But Anouilh, Genet and lonesco at the Royal express my contempt. as long as our stricken generation is here, we Academy of Dramatic Art.—Lilli Palmer Of all of them, only one survived by what should not tire of bearing witness for their exhibited some of her abstract paintings in amounted to a miracle : Rabbi Dr. Baeck, our honour and dignity. Their final vindication the Crypt of St. Martin-in-the-Fields.— revered and beloved spiritual head, not our we may leave confidently to the verdict of Marianne Deeming-Kupfer and Albert Lieven 'FUhrer", as Miss Arendt disgraces herself history. are in Carl Foreman's "The Victors" in the to call him. His kindness towards the most role of screen parents of the German starlets humble of his Jewish brethren, his fearlessness Elke Sommer and Senta Berger.—Henry POGROM REMEMBRANCE MEETING Koster, formerly H. Kosterlitz, is on a visit 'n the face of his deadly enemies, his dignity IN NEW YORK from Hollywood to make preparations for his ^nd his wisdom will outlast any attempt to forthcoming film " Erasmus with Freckles ".— hesmirch his blessed memory. Under the auspices of the American Federa­ Vicky, the cartoonist, opened the Juliet Miss Arendt also reproaches us for what she tion of Jews From Central Europe (the AJR's Pannett exhibition at the Ben Uri Gallery. considers our unfounded optimism during the sister organisation in the U.S.) and the first few years of Nazism. What she fails to Aufbau, a meeting was held in New York Germany: Tilla Durieux, Lucie Mannheim, understand is that, at the time, we had rather to commemorate the Pogroms of November, Curt Bois and Ernst Deutsch were awarded Valid reason for an indeed very limited 1938. The main speaker was Dr. Nahum the title of " Staatsschauspieler ".—Trude optimism. " If they "—meaning the Nazis— Goldmann who dealt with a number of basic Kolman produced "Stop the World I Want principles concerning the Jewish attitude to Get Off" in German at Munich's kleine stay ", we used to say, " we shall have to go ; towards Germany. Neither Jew nor German, °"t if they go, we shall be able to stay ". It he stated, could or should forget the crimes Freiheit.—Peter Zadek is directing Erich *as the doubt " if " they would be able to stay of the Nazi period; only thus could the Fried's adaptation of "Henry V" in Bremen. Which we shared not only with that substantial recurrence of such happenings be made Obituary ; Hans Jacobi who scripted most of Part of the German people that had never voted impossible. The existence of Germany and Heinz Ruehmann's films after the war has Nazi while still free to express their opinion, its increasing importance in world affairs were died in Zurich at the age of 58.—Josef ^ut with most Jews abroad, notably also in objective facts which the Jews could only try Gluecksmann has died in Vienna at the age jhis country, whom we used to consult. Dr. to ignore to their own disadvantage ; it had, of 63. He was a director of the Burgtheater. therefore, been the correct policy to negotiate having returned from the States several years °aeek, for one, was in constant touch with the with Germany on indemnification not only anti-Nazi resistance in Germany who used to ago.—Prague-born poet and journalist, Hans because thus relief could be given to tens of Natonek, has died in Tuscon, Arizona, aged 71, ?neourage him with well-founded hopes for an thousands of Nazi victims, but also because "npending coup d'etat. And the judgment of Germany was thus given an opportunity to after a long illness.—The German author, nistory is ]3y jjo means yet passed on what rehabilitate her reputation. Finally, Dr. Otto Flake, who had many successful novels Goldmann stated, attempts aiming at the to his credit, has died in Baden-Baden, at the ^ight have happened to the Nazi regime if, in age of 83.—The 64-year-old editor of ^38, the Western Powers had not deemed it establishment of normal diplomatic relations between the State of Israel and Germany " Englische Rundschau ", Hans Bermann, who necessary to grant Hitler his bloodless during the war worked for the German section ^i^umph in Munich. should be continued. Dr. Friedrich S. Brodnitz stressed that the of the B.B.C., has died in Bonn. Nobody who has not lived through those remembrance of the past sufferings should ears of treacherous political twilight, swayed News from Everywhere : Hans Wallenberg, inspire work for fraternal co-operation amongst son of the former editor of " B.Z. am Mittag " etween despair and hope against hope, the livins. and himself a former editor of "Neue "Ould arrogate to himself the right to con­ Rabbi Dr. Max Gruenewald was in the chair. Zeitung ", has succeeded Hans Zehrer as editor of Hamburg's "Die Welt ".—Max Colpet wrote the lyrics for a new German film star­ ring " pop " singer Freddy Quinn.—Hilde Spiel, who left London to take up residence Feuchtwanger (liOndon) Ltd. in Vienna, where she became cultural corre­ spondent for the " Frankfurter Allgemeine Bankers Zeitung", gave a lecture in Berlin on the British theatre.—Anton Walbrook went to BASILDON HOUSE, 7-11, MOORGATE, E.C.2 Berlin to co-star with Heidemarie Hatheyer Telephone: METropolitan 8151 in Molnar's " Leibgardist" at the Renaissance- Theater.—Vienna-born authoress Annemarie Representing : Selinko, who wrote the best seller " Desiree ", is to come to London with her husband, I- L. FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD I FEUCHTWANGER CORPORA-HON Erling Kristiansen, who has been appointed TEL AVIV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA | 60 EAST 42nd ST., NEW YORK, 17, N.Y. Danish Ambassador. PEM Page 8 AJR INFORMATION January, 1964

Erich Eyck Parteien, die sich ueberzeugten, dass er der rechte Mann fuer das Amt des Praesidenten dieser Bundesrepublik war. Nach den boesen Erfahrungen, die man mit IN MEMORIAM THEODOR HEUSS dem Reichspraesidenten von Hindenburg gemacht hatte, hielt man es fuer richtig, diesem Amt politisch enge Grenzen zu Die Welt ist um einen guten und grossen Demokratie gefuehrt hatten, liessen sich Ziehen, sodass der kuenftige Praesident Menschen aermer geworden, als Theodor nicht so schnell bei Seite schieben. " Kron­ darauf angewiesen war, weniger durch Heuss am 12. Dezember 1963 gestorben ist. prinzen muessen warten koennen ", sagte politische Befugnisse als durch die Kraft der alte Payer, ein Mann von wirklichem seiner Persoenlichkeit zu wirken. Dass Wenn seine Freunde sich das Bild des Verdienst, zu Heuss. Die Deutsche Demo­ Heuss hierfuer der richtige Mann war, Verstorbenen vergegenwaertigen, so den­ kratische Partei, der Heuss angehoerte, erwiess sich sehr bald durch die ausser­ ken sie zunaechst nicht an den vielseitigen war eine Minderheitspartei, die nur wenige ordentliche Volkstuemlichkeit, die sich Mann der Wissenschaft und den hervor­ Sitze im Reichstag zu erringen vermochte. unzweideutig kundgab. Wenn der Bundes­ ragenden Politiker und Staatsmann, Ein Abgeordneter einer solchen Partei praesident in seinem Wagen ueber Land sondern an den reinen und herzgewin- muss durch sein geistiges Gewicht ersetzen, fuhr, hoben Vaeter ihre kleinen Kinder in was ihm an Zahl von Gefolgschaft abgeht, die Hoehe, damit sie sich ihn ansehen una nenden Menschen, der jede Stunde zur und es spricht fuer die Persoenlichkeit von sein Bild einpraegen konnten. Sie Wohltat machte, die man mit ihm ver­ Theodor Heuss, dass auch seine politischen spuerten, dass er in dem Deutschland, das bringen durfte. Er war ein Liberaler nicht Gegner ihn anerkannten, soweit sie nicht Hitler vorher regiert hatte, dem Gedanken nur im politischen, sondern in jenem durch Hass verblendet waren. der Humanitaet wieder einen Platz hoeheren geistigen Sinn, der durch " reine schaffte, dass er nicht nur, wie einst Menschlichkeit " charakterisiert wird. Zu Mut in der Verfolgungszeit Ludwig Uhland vorausgesagt hatte, " mit dieser Eigenschaft des Geistes und des einem vollen Tropfen demokratischen Oels Mit dem Ausbruch der nationalsozial­ gesalbt war", sondern dass er mehr als Herzens gesellte sich ein urwuechsiger istischen Gewaltherrschaft hatte diese irgendeiner, der vorher an der Spitze Humor und Witz, der ein Gespraech mit parlamentarische Taetigkeit natuerlich ein Deutschlands gestanden hatte, dem Reiche Heuss stets anziehend und fesselnd machte. Ende. Dass Heuss und seine wenigen des Geistes angehoerte. Ich darf aus Erfahrung sprechen. Es ist Fraktionsgenossen 1933 fuer das beruech- mein Glueck gewesen, durch mehr als ein tigte Ermaechtigungsgesetz stimmten, Treue zu den Freunden halbes Jahrhundert mit ihm in Freund­ kann nur der begreifen, der die damalige Stimmung des Parlaments kennt. Jeden­ Dass ein solcher Mann das Unrecht, das schaft verbunden zu sein. Auch die falls ist die Abstimmung durchaus kein in der Zeit der Barbarei veruebt worden raeumliche Trennung, die durch unsere Zeichen dafuer, dass Heuss der national­ war, soweit gut zu machen versuchte, wie Emigration bewirkt wurde, hat die mensch­ sozialistischen Flut je irgendwelche Unrecht ueberhaupt wieder gut gemacht lichen Bande, die uns zusammenhielten, Zugestaendnisse gemacht haette. Stets werden kann, versteht sich von selbst—una stand er ihr mit unzweideutiger Ablehnung so wissen auch die ihres juedischen nicht zu zerreissen vermocht. Glaubens oder ihrer Abstammung wegen gegenueber. Es fiel ihm garnicht ein, in aus Deutschland Vertriebenen ihm Dank Kaempfer fuer Demokratie seinem Verkehr irgendwelche Konzes- fuer das persoenliche Interesse, das er sionen zu machen. Er hatte stets juedische ihnen gewidmet hat. Wie bezeichnend, Wenn ich jetzt die Tatsachen ins Freunde gehabt, und er hielt ihnen die dass er nach dem offiziellen Besuch, den er Gedaechtnis zu rufen suche, die Heuss' Treue, als sie von den Machthabern hier in London der britischen Koenigin historische Stellung bestimmen, so muss verfehmt und verfolgt waren. Das konnte abstattete, sich in die Wiener Library ich zunaechst des Mannes gedenken, von selbstverstaendlich den Spaehern der fuehren liess, um die Druckschriften zu dem er seinen Ausgang genommen hat und Gestapo nicht verborgen bleiben, die sich besichtigen, welche die Nazi-Verfolgung den er stets als seinen Lehrmeister denn auch beeilte, ihn vorzuladen. Auf dokumentierten, und mancher wird sich verehrte: Friedrich Naumann. Er war die Frage, ob er immer noch mit Juden erinnern, wie er auch in diesen Blaettern ein Mann voll von eigenen Gedanken, die verkehre, gab er die Antwort, er habe wiederholt seiner tiefen Verbundenheit er unermuedlich mit seiner volkstuem- schon in der Schule gelernt, dass Treue mit Leo Baeck und Otto Hirsch Ausdruck lichen, oft hinreissenden Beredsamkeit in eine spezifisch deutsche Tugend sei. Das gegeben hat. die Koepfe besonders der Jugend, speziell verblueffte die Gestapo-Schergen so, dass der akademischen Jugend, einhaemmerte. sie schleunigst das Verhoer abbrachen und So wuenschen wir denn, dass in dem Er gehoerte zu jenen " Weisen, die durch den Delinquenten nach Hause schickten. Volk, dem wir einst angehoert haben, der den Irrtum zur Wahrheit reisen ". Wurde Verfolgungen blieben ihm natuerlich nicht Geist, den Theodor Heuss so vorbildHch er doch, nachdem er als junger Mensch erspart und es ist fast erstaunlich, dass er vertrat, der Geist der Humanitaet, der von dem " Verein deutscher Studenten" trotz allem in dieser schweren Zeit mehrere Freiheitsliebe und Toleranz sich siegreich und Adolf Stoecker ausgegangen war, gewichtige Biographien schrieb, unter behaupten moege. spaeter der Kampfgenosse von Theodor denen die von Friedrich Naumann den Barth, dem Vorsitzenden des " Vereins zur ersten Platz einnimmt. Eine unvergleich- DEATH OF RABBI SILVER Bekaempfung des Antisemitismus ". Fuer liche Stuetze war ihm seine tapfere und seine Lehre war Heuss um so empfaeng- kluge Frau, die Tochter Georg Friedrich Rabbi Dr. Abba Hillel Silver, the world licher, als er bei Lujo Brentano in Knapps, des geistvollen, von alien National- Zionist leader, died in Cleveland, Ohio, at the Muenchen studiert hatte, dem Meister des oekonomen verehrten Professors an der age of 70. More than 2,500 people attended Katheders, der freie Gesinnung mit einem deutschen Universitaet Strassburg. Das the funeral and world and national leaders of seiner Zeit vorauseilenden Verstaendnis aus ihren nachgelassenen Briefen und Zionism joined Federal, State and local high fuer die sozialen Probleme verband. Wenn Aufzeichnungen entstandene Buch " Elly officials at a service where the El Mole Naumann schon dem jungen Studenten die Heuss-Knapp, Buergerin zweier Weiten" Rachamim was intoned by Richard Tucker, Leitung des schoenwissenschaftlichen und (Tuebingen 1961) gibt ein fesselndes und the renowned opera singer. kuenstlerischen Teils seiner Wochenschrift ergreifendes Bild der von echter In addition to Rabbi Silver's great work " Die Hilfe " uebertrug, so zeugt das nicht Religiositaet und staerkstem Ethos as a Zionist organiser and orator, he was a nur fuer die Reife, die Heuss schon frueh erfuellten Frau, die im Fruehjahr 1933 very influential factor in the Jewish life of einer " nichtarischen " Freundin schrieb : America through his leadership of its largest erworben hatte, sondern auch fuer die Reform congregation, the Cleveland Temple, Weite seiner Bildung und den Umfang " Ich ersticke fast am kollektiven Schuldge­ which he built up into a national institution, seiner Interessen. Dass er binnen weniger fuehl." and through his contributions to Jewish Jahre zur Leitung des politischen Teils Als es nach dem Ende der national- scholarship and his services to Jewish relief ueberging, entsprach seiner staerksten sozialistschen Schreckensherrschaft und movements. As president of the Zionist Neigung, die inn auf den Weg der des von ihr angezettelten WeHkrieges gait, organisation of America and chairman of the poUtischen und parlamentarischen Aktivi­ Deutschland wieder aufzubauen, war eine American Section of the Jewish Agency, in taet draengte. 1947 Rabbi Silver presented the Jewish case politische und parlamentarische Kraft wie at the United Nations. Es dauerte aber noch bis zum Jahre 1924, Heuss nicht zu entbehren. In dem A leading member of the Republican Party, bis er, nun vierzig Jahre alt, in den " Parlamentarischen Rat". welcher die he was born in Neinstadt. Lithuania, and came Reichstag eintreten konnte. Wohl gait er Verfassun? der Bundesrenub'ik auszuar­ to the United States with his parents at the in seiner schwaebischen Heimat als der beiten hatte. fuehrte er die Freie Demo­ age of nine. He was the author of many beste Kopf der juengeren Generation. Aber kratische Partei. aber er gewann auch den important works on Judaism and comparative die Alten, die bisher die wuerttembergische Beifall der Abgeordneten der anderen religion. AJR INFORMATION January, 1964 Page 9

Hans Jaeger 25 YEARS EUROPEAN JEWISH COMMUNITY IN CHILE Twenty-five years have passed since the PROFILES OF GERMAN POUHQANS events of November, 1938, robbed the Jews of Germany of their last hopes and illusions Erich Eyck's New Book and brought home even to the most hesitant Prussian, later submitted to accomplished facts ones among them, that their only salvation Erich Eyck's publisher presents this volume* lay in speedy emigration. During the first on a very suitable occasion, the 85th birthday and eventually became a more or less frus­ five years of the Nazi regime, emigration had of the great historian. The book is a form of trated man. Eyck also describes Eduard been an individual undertaking, carefully anthology, carrying in its first part ten profiles Lasker, who agreed to the second draft of the prepared and sometimes almost leisurely of German parliamentarians and, in the subse­ Bill against Socialists—as a consistent Liberal. executed. Things changed drastically over­ quent chapters, essays on Germany's latest Eyck does not hesitate to call this Lasker's night after the Kriitallnacht: in their history. The publication once more shows gravest mistake—but who finally broke with desperate attempt to leave Germany as quickly Eyck's masterly skill and, even more, it reflects Bismarck on account of his protectionism. as possible, they could no longer go to There are profiles of Ludwig Bamberger, who countries of their choice but had to leave for again all his personal characteristics. He is any place where they were admitted. Many objective and moderate in his assessment; he fell out with Bismarck when the Chancellor emigrated to parts of the world of which does not accept any taboos, prejudices or tumed to the Right, and of Eugen Richter, they had hardly ever heard before, in which cliches; he does not follow the crowd but who courageously fought against the personal they did not know a single person, the language explores for himself. Only few historians can regime but who, according to Eyck, made of which was entirely unknown to them and claim such qualities ; many subconsciously take mistakes which harmed Liberalism. about whose economic and social conditions long-standing formulas for granted and do not However, the author does not restrict his they knew positively nothing. trouble to test their tmth. profiles to Liberals. He also erects a monument It is fascinating to read now, how they Eyck has the passionate sense of justice of to Ludwig Windthorst. This essay is classical managed not only to survive but to integrate a real humanist, and this is refreshing and and pithily assesses the essentials of a certain themselves into their new environment and encouraging at a time full of hatred, and theses period of Germany's history. Windthorst, a how, without losing their identity as Jews man probably unknown to the present young from Central Europe and without hurting the which must not be questioned. He can afford susceptibilities of their new countrymen, they it, because behind his work is a lovable per­ generation, stated in 1887 that he began to became useful citizens in their country of sonality. Besides, one cannot but admire the despair of the future of a nation which allowed adoption. The Jubilee number of the creativeness and strength of a man who at his its best friends to be defamed. " Boletin Informativo "—a paper very similar age re-examines what he had written long ago Later on Eyck deals with personalities who to our own—illustrates this evolution from and, with a sense of duty and responsibility, are more familiar to the present generation. many angles. It is the monthly publication of questions whether it still holds good. There is Wilhelm Kahl, who spoke against fhe " Sociedad Cultural IsraeUta B'ne Jisroel", capital punishment; to this Liberal who was, the organisation of Jews from Europe in Social Changes and Parliament however, an outsider, all non-Liberals paid Chile. From a small " Chewra ", founded by a handful of refugees in 1938, it has grown One might argue about a minor point raised their tribute : he was actually above parties. into a large association supported by 1,400 in his introduction. Referring to the profiles Finally Eyck recalls two of his political families with a head office in Santiago and of the parliamentarians, Eyck maintains that masters : Theodor Barth and Friedrich branches in all major Chilean cities. It is there is a certain difference in the composition Naumann. With regard to Friedrich but natural that in a country so far away Naumann the present writer has, with due and so entirely different from their land of of Parliament in the nineteenth and in the respect, to express his disagreement with birth, these refugees should have formed a twentieth century. In the past century, he Eyck's assessment. It is known that closely-knit community, feeling foremost as says, parliamentarians belonged to the upper Naumann had a large following on account of Jews and taking a burning interest in the and wealthy classes, whilst now the secretaries his courage, his incorruptible democratic building of Israel. However, side by side of organisations prevail. The author certainly with this strong sentiment of Jewish solidarity, does not want to imply by this statement that attitude and his social approach to the cultural these former German Jews have made a sus­ only the affluent section of the nation produces problems. However, we have also to remember tained, and obviously highly successful, effort personalities of high standing. The name of his pan-Germanic concept which is so often to become part of the Chilean society and to Bebel refutes that, and it is also refuted by overlooked or belittled by his admirers. It make their contribution to the industrial and was Naumann who introduced this brand of spiritual advancement of their country of another example given by Eyck himself : adoption. Stresemann, a great personality, was the Nationalism into the ranks of the leftists, into secretary of an orgamsation. There are also the ranks of those who otherwise fought for Readers of the same background cannot social progress, and we must not disregard peruse the jubilee publication without feelings Personalities among parUamentarians of our this aspect of his activities only because he of pride in what our brethren in distant Chile days, and if their number should be less than has merits in other spheres. He broadened —as in so many other countries of refuge— hefore it may be due to the fact that, as far the basis of nationalism and this later on have been able to achieve and how, against as human standards are concerned, our proud great odds, they have preserved their human twentieth century lags behind the nineteenth encouraged forces which otherwise had nothing dignity. century. However, this has nothing to do with in common with his ideas. the altered position of the upper classes which Another set of essays deals with •nay degenerate too, nor has it anything to do Frederick III, of whom posterity knows little With wealth. The fact that other classes found because he reigned for only 99 days, and their way into Parliament is due to social with his British wife who has always interested changes and to the general franchise. As far Eyck. as the representation of interests (vested or The subsequent chapters are for historical others) is concerned, it also existed in the gourmands. We learn about the intensity nineteenth century. It was only slightly more with which Bismarck manoeuvred William I ^sguised. For some time the industrialists into the Franco-Prussian war of 1870, and themselves took seats in Parliament—Stinnes about Holstein's fight against Bismarck. Eyck |s a case in point. Later they sent their syndici, also pays tribute to Lujo Brentano and to their managers, their directors, who are the Ignaz Jastrow, two of his academic teachers. counterpart of organisation secretaries. Their Brentano turned against Naumann when the fise is the outcome of the managerial society latter agreed to a Bill banning the Polish ^^ which we live. language at meetings. Yet was that only a Yet these are only comments on a question trifle ? It is a point for Brentano and, ••aised in the book in passing, although the time naturally, against Naumann. J^ay come when we may have to investigate The last chapter deals with Kapp, the leader the paradox of a narrowing Liberalism which of the reactionary putsch of 1920, and his ^till retains a function recognised even by ancestors, and here we learn things generally those who do not adhere to the ideas of little known. One of the ancestors was the '-•iberalism in the economic sphere. friend of Ludwig Feuerbach, Gottfried Keller The series of profiles presented by Eyck and Berthold Auerbach, and Kapp's father begins with Bennigsen, who started as an anti- was a Democrat and a Republican, who left Germany after the failure of the 1848 move­ ment and lived in the United States until 1870. t.^rtch Eyck: Aaf Deutschlands politischem ne,, *?• Deutsche Parlamentarier und Studien zur Altogether, this anthology is admirable, and •euesten deutschen Geschichte. Eugen Rentsch its publi'" ation just at this time may be one of 15 ml' ^'enbach-ZOrlch und Stuttgart. 184 pp. the best birthday presents for our old friend. Page 10 AJR INFORMATION January, 1964

Egon Larsen blockade" against Hitler. Another mass meeting took place in the Free Trade Hall, Manchester, and a " Manchester Manifesto" A REFUGEE BEHIND THE POLITICAL SCENE was solemnly adopted, calUng for Britain's leadership in a Europe freed of fear. The Churchill, "Focus", and Eugen Spier Manifesto was also sent to Hitler, who acknow­ ledged its receipt and thanked the senders. In periods of political crises and scandals ridiculed. " Why not make a job of it and But the echo in the British Press was weak or we would all give much if we could only get have Vic OUver too ? " quipped Truth only a even hostile. Focus failed to become a mass some idea of what really goes on behind the few months before the outbreak of the war. movement : it had to go on working behind scenes in those high places where history is It was this kind of attitude which Focus the scenes. Eden praised its aims, but refused made. The older ones among us will remember attempted to break ; the group " recognised in to do anything for it or even sign a telegram only too vividly how we kept our ears pricked Winston Churchill the spearhead of our salva­ to Chamberlain at Munich, which Churchill and our eyes skinned for some hint or portent tion, the voice which could arouse the sleeping suggested sending. in those fateful pre-war days when our own conscience of our people both to their honour In March, 1939, Eugen Spier met Dr. Weiz­ personal destinies depended on Britain's atti­ and their peril. It was our aim to . . . set man, who " was impressed " but did not think tude to Hitler : we were pining for any scrap his light upon a candlestick . . ." ; in short, anything could come of the work of Focus. of information. Now, for a mere guinea, we they wanted to get him back to power. " During our conversation he was called to can buy a whole chunk of revelations, written Eugen Spier had his own special reason the telephone to take a long-distance call," by a man who did his utmost to turn the wheels for working towards this end. Although he writes Spier, " but to my surprise he came of history in the direction in which he felt felt " that it was wrong to concentrate on the back within two minutes in a state of great they ought to roll. sufferings of the Jews " under Hitler, in his indignation. He said that he had refused to "The "book is called " Focus, A Footnote to opinion " antisemitism was being used as a talk on the telephone for the Unes were always the History of the Thirties" (Oswald Wolff Ltd., veil to cover an attack on all God-fearing being tapped. I was shocked and said : ' But 160 pp., 21/-), after the political grouping he people in general and upon democracy in there is no Gestapo in England'. Yet he helped to found, and although our interest in particular." He therefore responded readily insisted and stated that he had reUable pre-war events is, of course, somewhat dimmed, when he was invited to the first meeting of evidence that his conversations were being the story—with Winston Churchill as its what was to be " a loose association of like- monitored by government agents. ... In his centre-piece—is still fascinating enough. It has minded people " in June, 1935. opinion Whitehall was a Central Office for the never been told before. The author, Eugen Sixteen people attended, among them Lady liquidation of the British Empire." Spier, certainly deserves the description Alte- Violet, Churchill, and Wickham Steed. After­ On September 1, 1939, ChurchiU accepted migrant as he has been living in England since wards, Steed reported to the other members : Chamberlain's offer of a seat in the Cabinet, 1922. Besides Churchill, the protagonists of " Mr. Spier made a good impression ... he is and " Focus had won a decisive if belated the Focus group included Lady Violet Bonham very shrewd ... he does not yet think in victory", reports Spier. On the same day, Carter (who has written an introduction to English dimensions ... in talking he needs an he was " arrested as an enemy alien " by two Spier's book). Sir Austen Chamberlain, interpreter to other EngUsh people . . . stmc­ Scotland Yard men. At the internment camp Wickham Steed, Sir Robert Waley-Cohen, Sir ture of his mind is German . . . may be very he was greeted by Hitler's playboy, Putzi Hanf­ Norman Angell, Commander Locker-Lampson, useful in the work to be done and to the staengl : " I became No. 2 prisoner of war, and many other prominent people, and we get government . . . must be shepherded ..." although war had not yet been declared." some reveaUng glimpses of a number of British At that time, Eugen Spier had been in The book, illustrated with a number of and Continental statesmen of the 1936-39 Britain for 13 years, maintaining " personal portraits, may not be reading matter for enter­ period. and business ties with Germany", and had tainment, but it contains valuable material " Focus in Defence of Freedom and Peace " not applied for naturalisation. Some time for the historian as it gives many conversa­ was the full name of the group. " We had at later, at lunch, Churchill asked him whether tions, letters, speeches, newspaper articles, the outset no material and little moral back­ he would be proud to be a British subject. book quotations, etc., verbatim. As to the ing," writes Lady Violet. "We were a small " I would be very happy to be one, and I am author's personal Weltanschauung, I found group of like-minded individuals swimming very proud to be breaking bread with you," some attitudes akin to those of the Moral against the tide . . . TranquilUty, Safety First, said Mr. Spier. " Some bread," remarked Rearmament movement, but I may be wrong- Appeasement — these were the watchwords Churchill, glancing at the chicken before him. Churchill, says the author, wanted the behind which the British people marched, or But Mr. Spier applied for naturalisation only material published only after his death, but rather crawled, through the 'Thirties." after the war, and Churchill supported his Spier felt " that I ought not to wait, and that Churchill was in the wilderness, and any appUcation. it was important that this story should be demand for his recall to Westminster was From the meeting in 1935, Focus developed recounted now when similar issues face us"- as an active ginger group. At first the whole thing was secret, and when Mr. Spier told his wife about it he agreed with her that "to avoid leakage of information ... we vowed Ackermans never to mention Churchill's name in this connection, and for added secrecy we agreed to refer to him in conversation as Oscar. Oscar means ' the spear of God'." Chocolates Mass Meeting at Albert Hall De Luxe But code names were not necessary for long. IN BEAUTIFULLY Early in December, 1936, the group organised DESIGNED a mass meeting in the Albert Hall, with many prominent speakers. Sir Walter Citrine made PRESENTATION the opening speech, followed by Lady Violet BOXES Bonham Carter and A. M. Wall, secretary of the London Trades Council, who spoke of MARZIPAN Hitler's victims whom Focus intended to help. Then Churchill got up : he wanted to "stop SPECIALITIES this war, of which we had heard so much talk." Sir Stafford Cripps, however, "wished DIABETIC Britain to be conquered by the Nazis in order CHOCOLATES to urge them into becoming Bolsheviks" reports Spier. " Lastly there were the absolute 43, KENSINGTON CHURCH ST., non-resisters like Canon Sheppard and George Lansbury. They were pious men, but they LONDON, W.8 would lead the country to ruin even more WES. 4359 and surely than all the others." Now Focus pulled out all the stops. 9. GOLDHURST TERRACE, Approaches to the Chamberlain govemment FINCHLEY ROAD, N.W.G were made, pamphlets published and distri­ MAI. 2742 buted ; the creation of a Ministry of Informa­ tion was demanded to carry out a " moral APIOOB AJR INFORMATION January, 1964 Page 11 Bueno y Monreal (Seville), also demanded ECUMENICAL COUNCIL POSTPONES that the question of the Jews should not be treated in this context. Cardinal Joseph Elmer Ritter, of St. Louis, DECISION ON JEWS U.S.A., on the other hand strongly welcomed During its November meetings, the second semitism, particularly in Germany, and after the Chapter. According to him, pronounce­ session of the Vatican Ecumenical Council all the despicable hatred and anti-Jewish pro­ ments by the Council on the Jews were no discussed the Fourth Chapter of the draft paganda—of which Roman Catholics also had reason for friction between Catholic and decree on Ecumenism which deals with the been guilty—it should be made amply clear Mohammedan Arabs. The draft was not attitude of the Roman Catholic Church that antisemitism did not have its roots in the guided by any political considerations but towards the Jews. Whilst the overwhelming teachings of the Church. It had no basis in exclusively by theological motives, and the majority of the Council Fathers was in favour the Gospels which only knew the weapons negative attitude of Oriental heads of the of the ideas underlying the draft, a formal of peace, patience and love. Church was, therefore, unintelligible. vote on it has been postponed to the next As regards the objections raised by Arab session scheduled for September of this year. Pope's Visit to Holy Land States, these States, Cardinal Bea declared, In this connection, the unexpected and The German-bom Cardinal Bea of the Curia, had been informed that the Council was exclu­ exciting news of the forthcoming visit of the in explaining the draft, stressed that it had sively concerned with religious problems and present Pope to the Holy Land, scheduled this been most carefully prepared during the last not with Zionism. The late Pope John XXIII month, is naturally of the greatest importance. two years and had its origin in a personal had seen the draft in September, 1962, and As the Holy places which he proposes to visit wish of the late Pope John XXIII. For certain fully approved of it; but he had wished to are situated partly in Jordan and partly in reasons of policy it had been somehow delayed, leave the decision to the Council. In conclu­ Israel (such as Nazareth), he will sojourn in although it did not deal with any national or sion. Cardinal Bea said that much as all mem­ both countries. Since his is a purely reUgious political questions. Still less was it meant bers of the Council revered the late Pope, pilgrimage, he viill travel as a spiritual leader to pave the way for the recognition of the they should ultimately be guided in their and not as a Head of State, and the controver­ State of Israel by the Vatican. Its objects decision by the forgiving love of Christ—a sial question of diplomatic relations between were entirely religious. sentiment which was greatly applauded by Israel and the Holy See wiU thus not be The decree was meant to bear witness to the the assembly. involved. From the Jewish point of view, the debt which the Church owed to the people of However, several Spanish and Italian Roman CathoUc Church's emphasis on the Israel in view of the Word of God in the Old Cardinals as well as Patriarchs from Arab origin of its faith is of great significance. Testament, the Law and the descent of Jesus. countries criticised the draft very severely In an official statement the Israeli Cabinet The Church had originated from its midst and asked for its complete removal. The welcomed the " unique and memorable event" and in a way was the continuation of the Syrian Patriach, Ignace Gabriel Tappouni, of the forthcoming visit. Arrangements for Chosen People. Christians were Children of declared, in the name of all Syrian bishops, the visit are to be handled by an inter- Israel, not in fiesh but in spirit. This should that it was highly inopportune to deal with ministerial committee headed by the Prime be clearly explained in the proposed decree this matter. In many countries, he continued, Minister. Both Egypt and Jordan have which was meant to express the gratitude of it would only cause confusion in the minds of launched a press campaign " warning" the the Church to the people of Israel. the Faithful and create difficulties for their Pope not to become involved in the Arab- The Jews could not be held responsible for bishops. Even if the objects of the decree Israeli dispute. But the official Vatican news­ the death of Jesus. If Jesus had judged the Jews were purely religious, there was a danger paper, " Osservatore Romano", which has harshly, he had done so with the purpose of that it might be misinterpreted for political Quoted statements welcoming the Pope's changing them; he had prayed for them and, purposes. Moreover, many Mohammedans decision, pointedly abstains from mentioning on the Cross, pleaded that they might be for­ would not be able to understand why the the anti-Israel comments in the Arab press given. After the terrible orgies of anti- Council had concerned itself with this which, in the word of one Vatican source, question. created a " painful surprise ". Another opponent of the decree was the Coptic Patriarch, Stephanos Sidarouss, who resides in Cairo. According to him, the state­ ments about the Jews were out of place and AJR could only do harm to the Faithful in many countries. Care should be taken not to com­ plicate their situation any further as they would have to suffer the consequences of such a decree. CHARITABLE TRUST The Latin Patriarch, Alberto Gori, Jeru­ salem, pleaded for the elimination of the Chapter on the Jews as it constituted a danger These ore tke ways in which you con help : for Christian minorities in several nations. He was supported by the Armenian Patriarch, CONTRIBUTIONS UNDER Ignace Pierre Batanian who, while approving of the contents of the draft, was of the opinion that it fitted ill into this particular scheme. COVENANT Patriarch Maximos IV, the spiritual head of BLOSSOM the Melkites, also objected: if anything had to (in lieu of your membership subscription be said about the Jews, it should be done in the Chapter " On the Fruitful Presence of the to the AJR). Church in the World of Today " and reference should then be made also to Islam. Moreover, A Covenant commits the covenanter not only antisemitism but any racial persecu­ for a period of seven years or during tion should be condemned. his life, which ever period is shorter. Cardinal Ernesto Ruffini, of Palermo, LTD. pointed out that the Fourth Chapter contained CIFTS IN YOUR LIFETIME a whole page on relations to the Jews but only a few lines on those to other non-Chris­ tians. The Spanish Cardinals, Benjamin de A BEQUEST IN YOUR WILL Arriba y Castro (Tarragona) and Jose Maria

^sk for particulars from : The Secretary, AJR Charitable Trust, 8 Fairfax Mansions, London, N.W.3. Wir kaufen Einzelwerke, Bibliotheken, Autographen und moderne Graphik Direktor : Dr. Joseph Suschitzky LONDON, N.W. S'ACE DONATED BY AN ANONYMOUS DONOR 38a BOUNDARY RD., LONDON, N.W.8 Telephone : MAI. 3030 Page 12 AJR INFORMATION January, 1964

bemecksichtigt werden, sodass unter Um­ PROBLEME DER DEUTSCHEN staenden ein Rentenanspruch besteht. In alien Faellen, in denen die Versicherungs- plus Ersatzzeiten die Zeit von 180 Monaten SOZIALVERSICHERUNG insgesamt nicht erreichen, kann dies von Das Bundessozialgericht in Kassel hat in Erwerbsunfaehigkeit sich herausstellte, dass ausschlaggebender Bedeutung sein. Weiterhin seiner Rechtsprechung stets die Fuersorge- Berufs—oder Erwerbsunfaehigkeit schon besteht dann immer noch die Moeglichkeit, pflicht der Behoerden in den Vordergrund lange Zeit vor Antragstellung vorlag. Grund- Antrag auf Gewaehrung der Ersatzzeiten zu gerueckt und insbesondere fuer die beson­ saetzlich wird Rente erst von dem Ersten des stellen und freiwillige Weiterversicherung zu deren Verhaeltnisse der Verfolgten ein Monats an gewaehrt, in dem Rentenantrag bei beantragen. Die Zweckmaessigkeit eines grosses Verstaendnis gezeigt. der Behoerde gestellt worden ist. Der Grosse solchen Antrags ist in jedem Falle zu pruefen Erst allmaehUch setzen sich diese vom Senat des Bundessozialgerichts hat aber in und dieses Recht muss gegebenenfalls im Bundessozialgericht entwickelten Grundsaetze seiner die Deutsche Kriegsopferversorgung Prozesswege geltend gemacht werden. Auch in der Praxis der Landesversicherungsan­ betreffenden Entscheidung vom 9.6.61 (GS hier ist zu hoffen, dass sich allmaehUch der stalten und der Bundesversichemngsanstalt 2/60) ausgefuehrt, dass die Anmeldung eines hier eingenommene rechtliche Standpunkt fuer Angestellte durch. Doch ist diese Praxis Versorgungsanspruches binnen einer bestimm­ allgemein in der Verwaltungspraxis durchsetzt, leider noch keineswegs einheitlich, und bei ten Frist zwar der Verwaltung einen Ueber­ so dass die Durchfuehrung von Prozessen sich manchen Problemen wird eine voellige blick ueber den Umfang der Versorgungslast dann in Zukunft eruebrigen duerfte. (Ob fuer Klaerung zugunsten der Verfolgten erst durch ermoegliche, vor allem aber die Verwaltung fruhere Bedienstete Juedischer Gemeinden kuenftige Entscheidungen des Bundessozial- davor schuetzen sollte, dass Anspmeche gegen eine freiwillige Weiterversicherung sinnvoU gerichts herbeigefuehrt werden koennen. sie zu einer Zeit erhoben werden, zu welcher ist, muss in jedem Einzelfall gesondert der Sachverhalt nur unter groessten Schwierig­ untersucht werden.) L HOEHE DER VERSICHERTENRENTEN keiten aufzuklaeren sei. Das Urteil faehrt dann fort: IV. GEWAEHRUNG VON ALTERSRUHE­ Bis zum Inkrafttreten des Arbeiterrenten- GELD AN FRAUEN BEI VOLLENDUNG Neuregelungsgesetzes (ArVNG) vom 1.3.57 " Ist dieses Ziel der Vorschrift aber nicht DES 60. LEBENSJAHRES und des Angestelltenversicherungs-Neurege- gefaehrdet, weil die Voraussetzungen des lungsgesetzes (AnVNG) vom 23.2.57 waren verspaetet angemeldeten Anspruchs zweifels­ Im Gegensatz zur britischen Sozialyer- die massgeblichen Faktoren fuer die frei gegeben sind, dann laesst die Funktion sicherung die normalerweise old age pension Berechnung von Renten und Altersmhegeld der Fristvorschriften es nicht zu, sie an Frauen bei Vollendung des 60. Lebens­ die Dauer der Versicherungszeit und die hier­ anzuwenden ". jahres gewaehrt, wenn sie nicht mehr berufs- fuer gewaehrten Steigerungsbetraege. Auch Wenn auch diese Entscheidung sich nicht taetig sind, setzt das deutsche Altersruhegeld fuer Ersatzzeiten wurden Steigerungsbetraege auf Ansprueche aus der Sozialversorgung erst mit der Vollendung des 65. Lebensjahres gewaehrt. Nach den neuen Gesetzen sind die bezieht, so sind doch die in ihr entwickelten ein. Die Ausnahme, dass Altersruhegeld Faktoren fuer die Rentenberechnung Ver­ Grundsaetze von so allgemeiner Bedeutung, schon bei Vollendung des 60. Lebensjahres sicherungszeit und Werteinheiten. Ersatzzeiten dass auch fuer verspaetet angemeldete gewaehrt werden kann, wenn sich die dienen der Ausdehnung der Versichemngszeit. Rentenansprueche aus der deutschen Sozial­ Versicherte in den letzten 20 Jahren davor Doch werden grundsaetzlich fuer sie keine versicherung der Einwand des Fristablaufs ueberwiegend—d.h. mehr als 10 Jahre—in Werteinheiten bewilligt. meines Erachtens von der Behoerde nicht versicherungspflichtiger Beschaeftigung be­ erhoben werden kann, wenn der "-verspaetet funden hat, nuetzt selbst den vor dem In seiner Entscheidung 1 RA 38/60 vom 31.12.1936 augewanderten Verfolgten nichts, 16.9.1960 hatte das Bundessozialgericht u.a. angemeldete Anspruch zweifelsfrei gegeben ist". weil ihre Verfolgungsersatzzeiten am 31.12- ausgefuehrt: 1949 geendet haben. "Aus dem erkennbaren Sinn und Zweck III. FREIWILLIGE V. WAISENRENTEN UND KINDER- des Verfolgtengesetzes muss gefolgert WEITERVERSICHERUNG werden, dass der Gesetzgeber die Verfolgten ZUSCHUESSE NACH EHEFRAUEN in versicherungsrechtlicher Hinsicht denen In zahlreichen Faellen reichen die Ver­ Nach den deutschen Sozialversichemngsge- gleichstellen wollte, die—anstatt eine Ver­ sicherungszeiten und die Ersatzzeiten zusam­ setzen waren fuer Kinder von Ehefrauen, die folgung zu erleiden—eine rentenver­ men nicht aus, um den vom Gesetz geforderten Renten bezogen oder verstorben waren, sicherungspflichtige Beschaeftigung oder Zeitraum von 180 Monaten zu erfuellen, der Waisenrenten und Kinderzuschuesse nur Taetigkeit ausgeuebt haben ". fuer die Gewaehrung von Altersruhegeld zahlbar, wenn die Mutter ueberwiegend fuer gefordert wird. Es besteht aber ein Anspruch Auf Grund dieses Rechtsprinzips ist eine den Unterhalt der Kinder gesorgt hatte. Das auf freiwillige Weiterversicherung, wenn Bundesverfassungsgericht hat durch Urteil Gleichstellung nur moeglich, wenn fuer die innerhalb eines Zeitabschnittes von 10 auf Ersatzzeiten bei Gewaehrung von Rente oder vom 24.7.1963—1 Bv L 11/61 u. 30/57—diese einander folgenden Jahren wenigstens fuer Bestimmungen als mit dem Grundsatz Altersruhegeld auch Werteinheiten bewilligt 60 Monate Beitraege entrichtet worden sind. werden. Dies geschieht heute durch die unvereinbar erklaert. Ab 31.3.1953 sind daher Wenn man die zu I) entwickelten Grundsaetze solche Waisenrenten und Kinderzuschuesse Bundesversicherungsanstalt fuer Angestellte, beruecksichtigt, muessten die Verfolgtenersatz- die Landesversicherungsanstalt Berlin und die auf Grund dieses Urteils von den Sozial- zeiten (die bei alien vor Kriegsausbruch versicherungsbehoerden zu gewaehren. Landesversichemngsanstalt Freie und Hanse- ausgewanderten Verfolgten mehr als 120 stadt Hamburg. Die LVA Rheinprovinz und Monate betragen) fuer den Anspmch auf VI. EINE RENTE ODER ZWEI RENTEN? LVA Muenchen lehnen die Gewaehrung von freiwillige Weiterversicherung bemecksichtigt Werteinheiten nach wie vor ab. Die Praxis werden. Alle LVAs und die BfA haben, Nach dem deutsch-britischen Gegenseiti^ der uebrigen LVAs ist mir nicht bekannt. Es soweit mir bekannt, diesbezuegliche Antraege keitsabkommen zur Sozialversicherung wird ist zu hoffen, dass sich allmaehlich eine abgelehnt. (Sie berufen sich fuer ihren beim Vorliegen von deutschen und britischen einheitliche Praxis durchsetzt, die den Standpunkt teilweise auf eine Entscheidung Versicherungszeiten grundsaetzlich eine Belangen der Verfolgten gerecht wird. des Landessozialgerichts Berlin.) Die LVA gemeinsame Rente gewaehrt. Der Versicherte Die Gewaehrung von Werteinheiten durch Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg hat aber in hat aber das Recht, anstelle der gemeinsamen die BfA, LVA Berlin und LVA Hamburg der Sache GB J 9265/62 WOLFF seinen Rente die Zahlung von 2 getrennten Renten erfolgt etwa seit der 2. Haelfte April 62. bisherigen Standpunkt aufgegeben und das zu waehlen, wenn er nach dem Recht eines Soweit Bescheide in der Zeit zwischen dem Recht zur freiwilligen Weiterversichemng auf jeden Landes zum Bezug einer selbstaendigen 1.3.57 und 30.4.62 ergangen sind, beduerfen sie Grund von Verfolgtenersatzzeiten anerkannt. Rente des einzelnen Landes berechtigt waere der Ueberpruefung, da den vorstehenden Dies ist von besonderer Bedeutung, da die und sich bei Zahlung getrennter Renten Grundsaetzen entsprechende Aendemngs- LVA Hamburg auf Grand des deutsch- guenstiger stehen wuerde. bescheide nicht automatisch. sondem nur auf britischen Gegenseitigkeitsabkommens die Nach den zwischen der BundesrepubUk Antrag erlassen werden. (Dies gilt auch fuer Verbindungsstelle fuer Grossbritannien fuer Deutschland und Grossbritannien getroffenen die Bescheide, durch die eine Umstellung von alle Faelle der Arbeiterrentenversicherung Vereinbarungen soil den Versicherten eine Rente oder Altersmhegeld vom alten Recht (frueher Invalidenversichemng) geworden ist. gesonderte Berechnung zugehen, wieviel die auf die Bestimmungen der neuen Gesetze vom Das LVA Hamburg hat vor wenieen Wochen gemeinschaftliche Rente und wieviel die 1.3.57 und 23.2.57 vorgenommen oder abgelehnt mitgeteilt, dass auf Anraten des Bundes­ Einzelrenten betragen wuerden. Bei den wurde.) ministers fuer Arbeit und Soziales die Verfolgten wird in der Regel die Warn n. VERSPAETETE ANTRAGSTELLUNG Verwaltungpraxis geaendert worden ist: die getrennter Renten zweckmaessig sein, da sich britischen Versicherungszeiten koennen jetzt die britischen Versicherungszeiten und die bis Es ist haeufig vorgekommen, dass Antraege bei Pruefung eines Anspruchs auf Gewaehrung zum 31.121949 gehenden Verfolgtenersatz­ auf Altersruhegeld verspaetet gestellt wurden eines vorgezogenen Altersmhegeldes nach zeiten in der Regel ueberschneiden werden. Oder bei Rentenantraegen wegen Bemfs—oder § 1248 Abs. 3 Reichsversichemngsordnung mit DR. L. G. T. KING. AJR INFORMATION January, 1964 Page 13

A. Rosenberg and the Prussian Order of the Red Eagle (Third Class). If I mention that one of the brothers was to become a " Freiherr", we JOURNEY INTO THE PAST must (reluctantly?) admit the baptism was, for them, worthwhile. . . . Everybody has his dream land. Once it was Rector Magnificus. The artist himself was Italy, but how can one maintain a dream land appointed a member of the Royal Academy, a So were the sitters: Graf Arnim, Graf von which can be reached in a couple of hours. professor and a Senator of the Academy. He Bismarck-Bohlen, Anna von Borsig, Felix Thus in our small world we have to replace a received the Bavarian Order of St. Michael Mendelssohn - Bartholdy, Paul Heyse, Franz dream land with a dream past. The book Krueger and Adolph von Menzel. under review* wiU give many of its readers All the above-named portraits and many much food for thought back into the Germany others are illustrated. The bibliography is of the first half of the nineteenth century, to excellent. A Uttle book to be recommended BerUn especially and in particular to the first to those who love to muse and dream. generation of emancipated German Jews. 75th BIRTHDAY OF WALTER DUX Eduard Magnus (1799-1872) was a famous Portrait painter in the Prussian capital. But On January 8, the chairman of the Otto unUke many other painters he was very well Hirsch House Committee, Dr. Walter Dux, will celebrate his 75th birthday. This is a family off and he could choose his sitters. These event not only for his relatives but also for ranged from Prussian royalty to the upper the House Committee members, the staff and cmst of the bourgeoisie and a sprinkling of the residents of Otto Hirsch House who too famous artists and writers. This monograph consider him as the head of their, rather large, —the first of its kind—has grown out of a family. Expressing our affection to him on thesis for a doctorate. It is prepared with this happy occasion we seem to know that the infinite care and, I am sure, it is thoroughly Home and all it involves is also very near to reUable. Dr. Glaeser has earned the gratitude his heart. He inspires and guides the work of the Committee, and he understands the hopes of all who are interested in the history of and wishes of the residents. No sacrifice of Painting in Berlin, in the history of its Jews time is too great for him, and he never loses (and non-Jews) as well as in the genealogies his sense of proportion and his humour, when ef the leading Jewish families and their diflSculties have to be smoothed over. relations with the Pmssian aristocracy. Much as he is involved in the day-to-day The painter's father, a wealthy Jewish cloth work of the Home, his interests do by no ^erchant, moved from Schwedt a.O. to BerUn. means end there. He is a well-known scientist In 1807 he had his whole family (5 sons) who, as several of his lectures reveal, has baptised, clearing the way of his sons' rise to also given much thought to the impact of fame, honours and brilliant careers. science on the reUgious, cultural and political trends of our times. He is equally at home in Eduard's brother, Gustav, held a chair for the world of the Greek classics. Thus, Physics at the Berlin University and was its endowed with widespread knowledge and * Eduard Masnas. Ein Beitrag zur Berliner Bild- practical experience, his is a full Ufe. May nismalerei des 19. Jahrhunderts von Ludwig Glaeser. he be granted strength and health for many ^anl Verlags-GMBH. Berlin-Grunewald 1963, pp. 141, Eduard Magnus: The Artist's Mother »7 Abbildungen. DM. 22. Marianne Magnus, nie Fraenkel (1770-1848) years to come.

AJR CLUB ZION HOUSE LECTURES THEODOR HERZL SOCIETY 57 Efon Avenue, N.W.S In conjunction with the UNIVERSITY OF LONDON YOU'LL GO SUNDAY, JANUARY 19 (Extra-Mural Department) HEAD-OVER-HEELS at 4.30 p.m. JEWISH WRITERS FOR THE NEW CONCERT OF MODERN TIMES given by TUESDA^t. JANUARY 7 GEORGE MIKES: KATINKA SEINER " The Author on his own Work " (soprano) TUESDAY, JANUARY 21 BERNARD KOPS : Accompanied by " The Writer and his ADELA KOTOWSKA Responsibility " (Piano) TUESDAY. FEBRUARY 4 and RABBI JAKOB KOKOTEK: LASLOW EASTON " From the World of Yiddish Classics " (Violin) Lectures at Zion House. 57 Eton Avenue. N.W.3, at B.15 p.m. Space donated by Fees: Course 17/6. single lecture 3/6; TRADE CUTTERS LIMITED Britannia Works. 25 St. Pancras Wav. reductions for members of the Theodor N.W.1 Herzl Society and for students.

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Yes, all round. Across the tummy, hips and seat. Lycra links with BARON TRAVEL COMPANY Bri,-Nylon to slim you, trim you, 15, EDGWAREBURY GARDENS, smooth away extra inches—yet it never restricts your freedom. EDGWARE, MIDDLESEX little X with Lycra is lighter, smoother, cooler, Tel.: STOnegrove 5019-8626 longer-lasting than ever. Machine-washes in Cables : TRANSBARON, EDGWARE a wink. White or black. Extra small to large. PROPRIETOR : i. G. J. BARON, M.T.A.l. Try it on today. -45/- ALWAYS AT YOUR PERSONAL SERVICE MEMBER OF TRAVEL TRADE ASSOCIATION & BRITISH TRAVEL A HOLIDAYS ASSOCIATION Page 14 AJR INFORMATION January, 1964

Paul Winter the resettlement of the Bene Chaibar from around Yatrib (Medina) on the banks of the river Jordan, the number of Jews in the country increased under Arab rule. Deci­ THE JEWISH DIASPORA mated under Seldjuks and Crusaders, their numbers grew again after the expulsion of In the correspondence columns of the before the time of Jesus of Nazareth. More Jews from Spain, when the Ottoman Sultan Observer there has recently been a discussion Jews were living outside Palestine's boundaries granted them refuge. The Jewish population about the beginning of the Jewish Diaspora. in Jesus' days than within. fluctuated in subsequent centuries and Mr. Patrick O'Donovan, replying to an earlier The national catastrophe of the year 70 dwindled until, about 80 years ago, the B.I.L.U. letter, expressed the view that the beginning brought about changes in the political movement set in. At certain times Jews of the Diaspora was " anyone's guess, ranging administration of the country, but no change formed a minute part of the population, but from the Babylonian captivity to the second in the ethnographic composition of its popu­ there never was a time in history for the last revolt". He himself, however, preferred to lation. Jews continued after the year 70 to 3,500 years in which what we call " Palestine " think that the fall of Jerusalem in the year inhabit all those towns and rural districts was entirely without any Hebrew, or Israelite, 70 C.E. was " the really traumatic and essential which they had inhabited before. After the or Jewish inhabitants. crisis ". (Observer, October 27, 1963.) suppression of Bar Kochba's revolt, in 135. This view is often held by Christians and, Jews were prohibited from living in Jerusalem DEATH OF DR. RICHARD ENGEL of course, by Jews in this country, who (A elia Capitolina) and its immediate surround­ It is learned with regret that Dr. Richard normally repeat 50 years later what they have ings. They continued to live in numbers in Engel passed away at the age of 73. As a heard Christians say. Yet it is wrong, southern Judaea (Darom) and east of the member of the K.C. fraternity he was actively Neither the Babylonian captivity nor the river Jordan, and they constituted the majority associated with Jewish organisations both in defeat of Bar Kochba after the "second of the inhabitants of Galilee. At least from his home town of Breslau and, later on, in this Septimius Severus (193-211 C.E.) onward, they country. When, after the events of November revolt" against Rome (in reality it was the 1938, many of his fellow K.C.ers came to third) marks the beginning of the Jewish again enjoyed a semi-autonomous status in England, they enjoyed the hospitality he Diaspora. The word " diaspora " denotes the the country under officials and patriarchs off^ered them in his house. It was in the same establishment bf Jewish communities outside (ethnarchs) of their own. Under Christian spirit that Richard Engel identified himself the land of Israel, regardless of the causes rule around the year 425, the patriarchal with the work of the AJR already at a time that produced such settlements. The meaning office was abolished, and the infliction of civil when many other earlier immigrants still of the word is not identical with a supposed, disabilities and various acts of persecution stood aloof. He helped to build up this but unhistorical, expulsion of the Jews from caused the number of Jews in Palestine to organisation and was an interested Board Palestine. There is Uterary and archaeological diminish. Around the year 614 they rebelled, member since its inception. He was also one of the founders of the Continental Dentists evidence for the existence of Jewish com­ and reoccupied Jerusalem. Their revolt was Association which made him an Honorary munities in Egypt from a time before the crushed. Yet 24 years later Caliph Omar took Member. We extend our sincerest sympathy Babylonians sacked Jerusalem. Hence the Jerusalem from the Byzantinians, and Jews to his wife and the other members of his Diaspora dates back at least six centuries were again admitted to the city. Owing to family.

FAMILY EVENTS Situations Wanted Women Personal HOMEWORK WANTED by woman Entries in the column Family Men of 39, specialised in sewing buttons WIDOWER, aged 54, one son of 14, Events are free of charge. Texts BOOK^EEPING for small busi­ on coats. Other unskilled work in good position, own house, wishes should be sent in by the 18th of nesses, dealing with all sorts of considered. Box 352. to meet lady of about 40-50. Object the month. books up to Trial Balance and GENERAL CLERK, experienced in matrimony. Box 342. beyond, also wages and P.A.Y.E. Birthday filing, postal work, records, some YOUNG SWISS LADY, very good Preparing accounts for taxation. typing, no figure work, seeks full- Seidler.—Mr. David Seidler (for­ V. Z. Palmer, 15 Mandeville Court, looking, divorced, 32, independent, time position. Box 353. polyglot, wishes to meet well- merly Brno. CSR) celebrated his Finchley Rd., N.W.3, HAMpstead PART-TIME OR HOMEWORK 70th birthday on December 21.—5 5769. situated and educated gentleman, wanted by German/English typist, aged between 35 and 50, view Yorath Road. Whitchurch, Cardiff. FORMER GERMAN LAWYER, 57, experienced in filing and records. Steindorff.—Mr. E. J. Steindorff, matrimony. Box 343. seeks post in compensation or Translator for German/English/ WELL - EDUCATED PROFES­ 44 Ebrington Road, Kenton, Har­ other legal matters. Box 341. Czech/French. Box 354. SIONAL LADY, 35, very good row, Middlesex, will celebrate his HANDYMAN / PACKER, experi­ For Sale family background, wishes to meet 78th birthday on January 31. enced in maintenance work, 51, ELECTRIC MINCER, hardly used, cultured, tall gentleman up to Deaths versatile, seeks suitable work. Box £10 or nearest offer. SPE. 8101. about 45. View marriage. Box 346. FEATHER BED, £6. 'Phone 344. Einstein.—Mrs. Rose Einstein (nee Kunreuther), of 155 Edgwarebury VERSATILE, INTELLIGENT man, MAIda Vale 4701. LADY. Continental origin, 56, own Lane, passed away suddenly on 37, experienced in general clerical Accommodation Vacant home, would like to remarry. Non- November 22. Deeply mourned by work, storekeeping (electrical or ROOM TO LET, nominal rent, in Orthodox gentleman with indepen­ her family and friends. telephone appUances), commercial exchange for two or three nights dent means up to 60 preferred. Freund (Frew). —Mrs. Clara artist, hotel receptionist, seeks per week baby-sitting. 'Phone: Box 348. suitable, partly sedentary position. ARNold 3568. Freund, of Vienna, passed away Box 347. MISSING PERSONS on November 12, aged 93 years. WIDOW (55) wishes to share her Deeply moumed and sadly missed MAN with scientific background, nice house with one or two ladies Enquiries by AJR by her sorrowing sons and daugh­ formerly own woollen export/ or married couple; 2 furnished ter, son-in-law, daughters-in-law, import business in Hungary, later rooms, own kitchen ; near Golders Bilinki (or Billinki).—Mrs. Selma grandchildren, great-grandchildren, an official with the American Green. Box 345. Bilinki (nee Dziobak), daughter of relatives and friends, at home and Embassy in Vienna, seeks respon­ N.W.2. Furnished bed - sitting - Elias and Rifka (nee Schirr) Dzio­ abroad.—11 Pilmuir Ave., Glas­ sible position, preferably as room, h. & c. built-in kitchenette. bak, and her son, Maurice Bilinki. gow. S.4. German/Hungarian correspondent, 'Phone; GLAdstone 5771. wanted in connection with a resti­ interpreter, writer. Good refer­ NICE, COTE D'AZUR. Modern tution claim. Schlesinger.—Mr. Fred Schles­ ences. Box 350. inger, beloved husband of Wally studio flat to let; 2 persons ; all Sebba.—Mr. Leo Sebba, born Sep­ Schlesinger and brother of Erika GENERAL CLERK, some typing, found ; off Promenade des Anglais: tember 15, 1888, in Wentspili, Lat­ Werber passed away on December versatile, 54, seeks part-time work, monthly or weekly. Box 355. via, pharmacist, owner of drugstore 14._6 Heathway Court, West preferably with publicity firm or CAMBRIDGE. Super, modem pied- in Aizpute, Latvia and in Berlin- Heath Road, N.W.S. similar. Box 351. a-terre to let, week-ends; meals if Last-known address : c/o Dulberg- desired ; nr. station. Box 356. Geisbergstr. 34, Berlin W.30, until CLASSIFIED Fuer die Leitung unserer neuen und Miscellaneous May, 1945. Sought by his daugh­ Situations Vacant modern ausgestatteten koscheren SUPERFLUOUS HAIR safely and ter, Mrs. Ekis, U.S.A. Metzgerei suchen wir einen permanently removed by qualified Women Physiotherapist and Electrolysist. Personal Enquiries COMPANION-HELP for invalid tuechtigen juedischen Metzger, Facials. Body Massage. Visits Drum.—Mrs. Lotte Drum (nee lady, resident or otherwise, modern der auch die Wurstherstellung arranged. Mrs. Dutch, D.R.E.. 239 Stein), daughter of Justizrat Stein, flat. St. John's Wood, driving beherrschen muss. Willesden Lane, N.W.2. Tel.: WIL­ formerly Berlin, Wilhelmstr. Emi­ licence advantage. Box 349. Interessenten wollen sich direkt lesden 1849. grated in 1939 together with her CITY FIRM requires shorthand- mlt uns in Verbindung setzen. GERMAN BOOKS purchased. Con­ husband. Dr. jur. Drum from typist/secretary. Knowledge of Israelitische Kultusvereinigung tinental Book Supply, 42 Com­ Zoppot. to Central America. German and/or French desirable. Wuerttemberg und Hohenzollern, mercial Road, London, E.l. Nur Wanted by Dr. Annemarie Krille Five-day week. Good salary. Per­ Stuttgart-N., Hospitalstr. 36. schriftl. Angeb. od. Telephone: (2262). Leek, Schleswig-Holstein. manent position. Box 357. MAI. 6892. W. Germany. AJR INFORMATION January, 1964 Page 15 THE JEWISH SEMINARY IN BRESLAU DIAMOND INDUSTRY IN ISRAEL Israel's diamond industry has steadily increased over recent years and become one On August 10th. 1854, the Breslau Jewish Geiger (1848-1919), Ismar Elbogen (1874- of the main industries of the country. In Theological Seminary, the first Jewish Train­ 1943). Hermann Cohen (1842-1918), Max Grun­ 1962 the export of cut diamonds had reached ing College ior rabbis and Jewish teachers, wald (1871-1953), Moritz Guedemann (1835- the impressive total of 81 million dollars; was inaugurated. It was an endowment of the 1918). One of the contemporary contributors. it is expected that exports in the last year §reat philanthropist Fraenckel. Eighty-four Rabbi Dr. Lothar Rothschild (St. Gallen), will reach the 100 milhon dollar mark. This years later, by the end of 1938, it had to close records the history of the Seminary during means that diamonds are now the country's biggest export item, putting the exports of its doors under the Nazi regime. the last thirty-five years of its existence. citrus fruit in second place; exports of Professor Guido Kisch (New York), the Altogether, this period forms the background these are expected to total 70 million dollars of many of the articles ; on the other hand, in 1963. famous historian of law, who, for some time, the glorious history of the preceding fifty years had taught at the Seminary as a guest profes­ About 60 per cent of the raw diamonds are sor, intended to mark the centenary of the is not neglected either. Professor E. J. Cohn, supplied to Israel by the International Dia­ Institute in 1954 by the publication of a com­ London, himself born in Breslau, writes on mond Syndicate in London; the remaining memorative work ; he was supported in his Heinrich Graetz; Dr. Solomon Grayzel, Phila­ 40 per cent come mainly from various delphia, the director of the well-known Jewish diamond-producing African countries. Of efforts by Professor Isaak Heinemann, Dr. Publication Society of America, examines Dr. these, the Central African Republic is one Albert Lewkowitz and Dr. Adolf Kober, all of Graetz's " History of the Jewish People " from of the main suppliers on the basis of a treaty whom have passed away meanwhile. Unfor­ the American point of view. Dr. Israel Rabin according to which Israel looks after the tunately the plan did not materialise, mainly (who died in Haifa in 1951). once a lecturer development and exploitation of its diamond because the former students of the Seminary at the Seminary, is represented by an essay, production. did not display sufficient interest in the ven­ " Stoff und Idee in der Juedischen Geschichts­ During recent years Israel has not only ture. To make up for this failure, at least to schreibung ". Rabbi Dr. Kurt Wilhelm, Stock­ occupied a leading position amongst the a certain extent, Professor Kisch devoted world's diamond cutting industries but has almost the entire October, 1954, issue of his holm, surveys the Seminary's monthly, " His­ also become an important centre of the dia­ periodical, " Historia Judaica," to the Breslau tory and Science of Judaism." mond trade. The transactions of the Diamond Seminary. "These brief notes can only give an incom­ Exchange in Tel Aviv have reached such a plete idea of the rich contents of the book. volume that the present premises proved He felt, however, that a more permanent Sub-divided into four sections : " History of totally inadequate. A 23-storey building is niemorial was due to this famous institution the Seminary ; The Seminary and its Teachers under construction in Ramat Gan, near Tel Aviv, which will become one of the most 3nd he has now published a book comprising in the Memory of Prominent Pupils; The modern diamond centres in the world. It monographs by various authors.* Kisch him­ Monthly ; The Seminary's Teachers and Pupils will contain 850 safes and the offices of all self has contributed the introduction, "In and Their Publications from 1904 to 1938," it important diamond cutters and traders. Memoriam". and the three deceased Jewish collects a vast amount of information which scholars mentioned above are represented in is both of historical and of personal interest the volume. Other famous Jewish scholars who The belated Jubilee tribute will serve to keep NEW HANOVER SYNAGOGUE ^nce belonged to the Breslau circle, come to the achievements of this great institution alive A new synagogue and community centre hfe again through reprints of papers written by and to secure for it the place in the history of was opened in Hanover for the 440-member them, e.g., Markus Brann (1849-1920), Ludwig Jewish teaching which it has so richly congregation. Before the Nazis came to power deserved. _ * Das Breslauer Seminar. J. C. B. Mohr (Paul the community in this city was among the ten oiebeck), Tuebingen. E. G. LOEWENTHAL. largest in Germany.

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Circle of Neopositivists such as Otto Neurath THE JEWISH CONTRIBUTION TO and Friedrich Waisman; on Ernst Cassirer; the partly Jewish Max Scheier and on Georg GERMAN PHILOSOPHY Simmel. In all these Jewish thinkers the German and Leo Baeck Institute Lecture the Jewish elements were fused to such an extent and their contributions had so deeply On November 14 Professor F. H. Heine­ His interpretation of society may be radically penetrated the cultural life of Germany, that mann (Oxford) gave a lecture, under the dismissed or regarded as biased or insufiBcient, no act of force or book-burning hooliganism auspices of the Leo Baeck Institute, on "Der but his influence on the world of today could sever these links and cause a lasting juedische Beitrag zur deutschen Philosophie ". remains all-pervading and crucial for our separation. Indeed, the inherent danger of Dr. Erwin Rosenthal (Cambridge), was in the future. While Mendelssohn opened the gates total identification with Deutschtum was chair. of JewisTi emancipation and was the first Jew later recognised by many Jewish thinkers. A As Professor Heinemann pointed out at the to penetrate the realm of German philo­ reaction demanding a return to Judaism set beginning of his address, the Jewish con­ sophical writing, Marx regarded Jewish in during this century. Martin Buber ana tribution to German philosophy is so complex emancipation as fulfilled and wished to bring Franz Rosenzweig were predominant in this and varied that a survey of it may easily lead about the emancipation of the German and conception. On the other hand, their own to the temptation of compiling a catalogue. the emancipation of mankind. work testifies how fruitful the German-Jewish He therefore restricted himself to three symbiosis has been, not only for German and Compared with these two, Hermann Cohen world philosophy but likewise for Judaism- men who highlighted the German-Jewish is a professional philosopher and, morever, symbiosis and whose thoughts became idees- In this fruitfulness the achievements of these the first German Jew to be appointed to a few generations of creative Jewish thinking in forces: Moses Mendelssohn, Karl Marx and chair of philosophy. His reinterpretation of Hermann Cohen. Germany are only comparable with those of Kantian philosophy and of classical idealism the much longer period of Spanish-Jewish Mendelssohn paved the way of the Jews in too are considerable contributions to modern civilisation. Germany from the ghetto to German and thought. Together with Paul Natorp, he European culture. His greatest contribution, founded the important Marburg School, which Professor Heinemann's lecture was much as a result of religious intolerance in the age played an important role in the development enlivened by his personal recollections as a of tolerance and reason, is, paradoxically, not of German and European philosophy. student and as a professor of philosophy the writings he dedicated to pure philosophy It is significant that much of the lasting in Germany. and Schoene Wissenschaften, but his "Jeru­ effect of these three German-Jewish philo­ A.P. salem ", which belongs to a series of lasting sophers was in each case due to a close rationalist interpretations of religion in the friendship with a remarkable German : FORTHCOMING L.B,I. LECTURE spirit of enlightenment. Mendelssohn and Lessing, Marx and Engels, Marx towers above the German-Jewish Cohen and Natorp; a phenomenon which The next lecture under the auspices of the certainly deserves further analysis. Society of Friends of the Leo Baeck Institute philosophers because of his decisive influence will be held on January 9 at 8 p.m. in the on the course of world history. His greatest In his concluding remarks. Professor Heine­ Reading Room of the Wiener Library, 3 feat was the rousing of the class consciousness mann touched upon the Edmund Husserl Devonshire Street, W.l. Dr. S. M. Auerbach of the proletariat and he became the prophet School of Phenomenology; the Neufries'sche will speak on " Dokumente zur Geschichte der of a messianic future for the labouring masses. School of Leonard Nelson and the Viennese Frankfurter Juden."

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