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Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America Since the Second World War

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Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America Since the Second World War MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE Max Planck Institute for the History of Science 2018 PREPRINT 490 Frank W. Stahnisch (Ed.) Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America since the Second World War Dieses Preprint ist in einer überarbeiteten Form zur Publikation angenommen in: History of Intellectual Culture, Band 12/1 (2017–18): https://www.ucalgary.ca/hic/issues. Accessed 5 July 2018. [Themenheft 2017–18: Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America since the Second World War, Guest Editor: Frank W. Stahnisch]. Der vorliegende Preprint erscheint mit freundlicher Erlaubnis des geschäftsführenden Herausgebers, Herrn Professor Paul J. Stortz an der Universität von Calgary, Alberta, in Kanada. Frank W. Stahnisch e-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America since WWII Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America since the Second World War Frank W. Stahnisch (Guest Editor)1 Abstract: The processes of long-term migration of physicians and scholars affect both the academic migrants and their receiving environments in often dramatic ways. On the one side, their encounter confronts two different knowledge traditions and personal values. On the other side, migrating scientists and academics are also confronted with foreign institutional, political, economic, and cultural frameworks when trying to establish their own ways of professional knowledge and cultural adjustments. The twentieth century has been called the century of war and forced migration: it witnessed two devastating World Wars, which led to an exodus of physicians, scientists, and academics. Nazism and Fascism in the 1930s and 1940s, forced thousands of scientists and physicians away from their home institutions based in Central and Eastern Europe. “Did you ever go half way …” was a central question that all of them had to align with their personal consciousness, their family bonding, and the relationship to their academic peers. No one could leave without finding their individual answers to this existential question that lay at the bottom of their professional and scientific lives. Following this general theme, the current special issue particularly reflects on the personal stories and institutional narratives of German-speaking scientists and physicians to North America since the 1930s, as a relevant case study from twentieth-century history of medicine and science. By drawing on diaries, questionnaires, institutional histories (including those of the Max Planck Society among others), novels, and personal estates, this special issue as a whole intends to emphasize the impact of forced migration from a North-American perspective by describing the general research topic; showing how the personal lives of many of these individuals were intertwined with their careers and choices of scientific topics, projects, and personal destinies. Moreover, this special issue seeks to explore whether new historiographical approaches can provide a deeper understanding of the impact of European émigré psychiatrists, psychologists, and cognitive scientists on emerging fields of medicine and science, including community and geriatric medicine, developmental neuroscience, and psychiatric traumatology 1 Afffiliation: Dr. Frank W. Stahnisch, M.Sc. (Edin.) / AMF/Hannah Professor in the History of Medicine and Health Care / Department of Community Health Sciences & Department of History / TRW Building, Room 3E41 / Universität von Calgary / 3280 Hospital Drive N.W. / Calgary, AB, Kanada T2N 4Z6 / [email protected]. - 3 - Frank W. Stahnisch (Ed.) to which the individuals in the respective cohort have strongly contributed in their new host countries. Keywords [MeSH]: Canada – cognitive science – forced migration – Germany – history of medicine – National Socialism – neuroscience – psychology – psychiatry – twentieth century – United States This Special Issue for History of Intellectual Culture is an initiative resulting from the proceedings of an interdisciplinary Working Group, entitled “Writing the History of German- speaking Émigré Neuroscientists and Biomedical Researchers, 1933–1989.” It was graciously hosted at and supported by the Calgary Institute for the Humanities at the University of Calgary, Alberta, in Canada. Further papers were delivered collectively as “Personal Stories and Institutional Narratives from German-speaking Émigré Physicians, Scientists, and Academics between the 1930s and the 1960s.” This constituted a themed panel held on 30 May 2016 in conjunction with the annual meetings of the Canadian Society for the History of Medicine (CSHM) and the Canadian Historical Association (CHA). It was organized under the overall aegis of the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences through the generous support of an Interdisciplinary Session Award to the Guest Editor as Chair of the Local Arrangements Committee. Moreover, on behalf of all authors contributing to this volume, the guest editor wishes to express his gratitude to the group of external peer reviewers, who provided many constructive criticisms and helpful suggestions throughout the writing and publication process for all articles assembled in this special issue. - 4 - Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America since WWII Table of Contents Articles Preface Jim Ellis ...................................................................................................................... - 11 - Introduction to Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America since the Second World War Frank W. Stahnisch ..................................................................................................... - 17 - From German Youth To British Soldier To Canadian Psychologist: The Journey Of German Émigré Dr. Hugh Lytton (1921–2002) Erna Kurbegović ......................................................................................................... - 39 - Dust and Fog, Fire and Salt: German-Canadian Psychiatrist Karl Stern’s (1906– 1975) Émigré Experience Daniel Burston ............................................................................................................ - 61 - Inter-National Suffering and Local Medical Counselling: Dr. William G. Niederland (1904–1993) and the Psychiatric Contours of ‘Empathy’ Frank W. Stahnisch & Christopher G. Kemp ............................................................... - 85 - On the Influence of German-Speaking Émigrés on the Emergence of Cognitive Science as a New Interdisciplinary Field Vincent von Hoeckendorf .......................................................................................... - 115 - “Reason For Dismissal? – Jewish Faith:” Analysis of in the SPSL Immigration Applications by German-Speaking Neurologists Aleksandra Loewenau ............................................................................................... - 155 - “The Role of Serendipity in the Forced Migration of Felix Haurowitz (1896– 1987): Prague–Istanbul–Bloomington Guel A. Russell ......................................................................................................... - 177 - - 5 - Frank W. Stahnisch (Ed.) Reviews William Feindel and Richard Leblanc, The Wounded Brain Healed: The Golden Age of the Montreal Neurological Institute, 1934–1984. Montreal: McGill- Queen’s University Press, 2016. Pp. 632 pp. CDN$100.00 (Cloth). ISBN: 978-0-7735-9816-0. Reviewed by James L. Bernat .................................................................................... - 207 - Nikolas Rose and Joelle M. Abi-Rached, Neuro: The New Brain Sciences and the Management of the Mind. Princeton, NJ, and Oxford, Eng.: Princeton University Press, 2013. Pp. 325. USD$29.95 (paperback). ISBN 978-1-4008-4633-7. Reviewed by Anna von Villiez .................................................................................. - 211 - Volker Roelcke, Paul J. Weindling, and Louise Westwood, eds., International Relations in Psychiatry: Britain, Germany, and the United States to World War II. Rochester Studies in Medical History. Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press, 2010. Pp. vi + 254 + Ill. USD$90.00 (cloth). ISBN 978-1-58046-339-3. Reviewed by Paula Larsson ....................................................................................... - 215 - Delia Gavrus and Stephen T. Casper, eds., The History of the Brain and Mind Sciences: Technique, Technology, Therapy. Rochester Studies in Medical History. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2017. Pp. vii + 299, illustrated. USD$125.00 (cloth). ISBN 978-1-58046-595-3. Reviewed by Paul Foley ............................................................................................ - 219 - Shula Marks, Paul Weindling, and Laura Wintour, eds., In Defence of Learning– ––The Plight, Persecution, and Placement of Academic Refugees, 1933–1980. New York: Oxford University Press for The British Academy, 2011. Pp. xx + 320, tables. USD$110.00 (cloth). ISBN 978-0-19-726481-2. Reviewed by Frank W. Stahnisch .............................................................................. - 225 - Christian Fleck, Etablierung in der Fremde. Vertriebene Wissenschaftler in den USA nach 1933. Frankfurt am Main, New York City: Campus Verlag, 2015. Pp. 475, € 39,90/CAD$ (carton). ISBN: 978-3-593-50173-4. Reviewed by Paul J. Weindling ................................................................................
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