Academic Affairs in Review Spring 2015
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Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America Since the Second World War
MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE Max Planck Institute for the History of Science 2018 PREPRINT 490 Frank W. Stahnisch (Ed.) Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America since the Second World War Dieses Preprint ist in einer überarbeiteten Form zur Publikation angenommen in: History of Intellectual Culture, Band 12/1 (2017–18): https://www.ucalgary.ca/hic/issues. Accessed 5 July 2018. [Themenheft 2017–18: Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America since the Second World War, Guest Editor: Frank W. Stahnisch]. Der vorliegende Preprint erscheint mit freundlicher Erlaubnis des geschäftsführenden Herausgebers, Herrn Professor Paul J. Stortz an der Universität von Calgary, Alberta, in Kanada. Frank W. Stahnisch e-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America since WWII Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America since the Second World War Frank W. Stahnisch (Guest Editor)1 Abstract: The processes of long-term migration of physicians and scholars affect both the academic migrants and their receiving environments in often dramatic ways. On the one side, their encounter confronts two different knowledge traditions and personal values. On the other side, migrating scientists and academics are also confronted with foreign institutional, political, economic, and cultural frameworks when trying to establish their own ways of professional knowledge and cultural adjustments. The twentieth century has been called the century of war and forced migration: it witnessed two devastating World Wars, which led to an exodus of physicians, scientists, and academics. Nazism and Fascism in the 1930s and 1940s, forced thousands of scientists and physicians away from their home institutions based in Central and Eastern Europe. -
German-Speaking Émigré Neuroscientists in North America After 1933: Critical Reflections on Emigration-Induced Scientific Change
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Cumming School of Medicine Cumming School of Medicine Research & Publications 2010 German-speaking Émigré neuroscientists in north america after 1933: critical reflections on emigration-Induced scientific change Stahnisch, Frank W. Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Frank W. Stahnisch: "German-Speaking Émigré Neuroscientists in North America after 1933: Critical Reflections on Emigration-Induced Scientific Change". Preprint No. 403, Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, Germany, 2010, 46 pp. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/48034 journal article Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE Max Planck Institute for the History of Science 2010 PREPRINT 403 Frank W. Stahnisch German-Speaking Émigré Neuroscientists in North America after 1933: Critical Reflections on Emigration-Induced Scientific Change Dieser Text ist in einer überarbeiteten Form zur Publikation angenommen in: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Band 21 (2010) [Themenheft 2010/3: Vertreibung von Wissenschaft, Hrsg.: Christian Fleck]. Der vorliegende Preprint erscheint mit freundlicher Erlaubnis der Journal-Herausgeberschaft und des StudienVerlags Innsbruck. Frank W. Stahnisch e-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Frank W. Stahnisch Abstract: This paper endeavors to document and analyze -
German Canadian Psychiatrist Karl Stern's
http://www.ucalgary.ca/hic • ISSN 1492-7810 2017-19 • Vol. 12, No. 1 Dust and Fog, Fire and Salt: German Canadian Psychiatrist Karl Stern’s (1906–1975) Émigré Experience Daniel Burston Abstract Karl Stern (1906–1975) was a German-Jewish psychiatrist, who studied and worked alongside the neuropathologists Kurt Goldstein (1878–1965), Walther Spielmeyer (1879–1935), and Wilder Penfield (1891–1976). After fleeing Nazi Germany for London in 1935, he married and moved to Montreal in Canada in 1939, where he converted to Roman Catholicism in 1943. This article offers a close reading of pertinent passages and explores his memoir, The Pillar of Fire (1951), and his novel, Through Dooms of Love (1960), as well as In and Out (1989), a “confessional poem” by the Canadian classicist Daryl Hine (1936–2012), to demonstrate the feelings of powerlessness, isolation, and anonymity which Stern experienced after leaving Germany. These feelings had been complicated (on arrival in Canada) by ethnic antagonisms between Jews and Catholics at that time. It also explores and addresses Hine’s disparaging attitude toward Stern’s identification with his European heritage and his Catholic faith, offering an alternative interpretation of their presence. Introduction1 Although largely forgotten today, Karl Stern (1906–1975) was a well-known German Canadian, a psychiatrist and public intellectual, whose memoir, The Pillar of Fire (1951), chronicled his conversion to Catholicism and became an international bestseller, winning praise from well-known authors C.S. Lewis -
Democracy Within: Religion, Politics, and the Americanization of Psychoanalysis During and After World War Ii
DEMOCRACY WITHIN: RELIGION, POLITICS, AND THE AMERICANIZATION OF PSYCHOANALYSIS DURING AND AFTER WORLD WAR II A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Mary C. Miles May 2008 © 2008 Mary C. Miles DEMOCRACY WITHIN: RELIGION, POLITICS, AND THE AMERICANIZATION OF PSYCHOANALYSIS DURING AND AFTER WORLD WAR II Mary C. Miles, Ph. D. Cornell University 2008 This dissertation is about the ways in which discussions of religion and those of psychoanalysis intersected and shaped each other in post-war America. Anyone who believed in either a salvation-based religion or a rational psychology found his or her beliefs challenged by the momentous developments of the mid-twentieth century – World War II, genocide, atomic destruction, and the cold war. Psychologists, psychiatrists, and religious leaders with interests in those fields found mental and emotional causes for these catastrophes and blamed repression, fear, and neurotic projection. In their views, just as Nazism and Stalinism had been fueled by psychological drives, democracy and liberty, to be maintained, had to be projected from deeply within the souls and psyches of Americans. The project of developing psychologies and models of the brain that reflected external commitments to freedom and democracy moved to the forefront of both popular and professional psychotherapy. My thesis aruges that discussions of psychoanalysis in the middle decades of the twentieth century offered American religious thinkers from diverse backgrounds an opportunity to introduce the values that they associated with their religion into the worlds of psychology – both professional and popular. -
A Leap of Faith. What Is Conversion? a Psychologist's Perspective Daniel Burston
Spiritan Horizons Volume 13 | Issue 13 Article 12 Fall 2018 A Leap of Faith. What is Conversion? A Psychologist's Perspective Daniel Burston Follow this and additional works at: https://dsc.duq.edu/spiritan-horizons Part of the Catholic Studies Commons Recommended Citation Burston, D. (2018). A Leap of Faith. What is Conversion? A Psychologist's Perspective. Spiritan Horizons, 13 (13). Retrieved from https://dsc.duq.edu/spiritan-horizons/vol13/iss13/12 This Soundings is brought to you for free and open access by Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in Spiritan Horizons by an authorized editor of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. Dr. Daniel Burston A Leap of Faith. What is Conversion? A Psychologist’s Perspective Introduction What is religious conversion? What are the motives that prompt people to convert? And what impact does the process of conversion have on people’s mental health? I have spent Dr. Daniel Burston Dr. Burton is an Associate many hours reading and reflecting on these questions for the Professor of Psychology at last two decades. Like other people interested in the varieties Duquesne University where he of religious experience and identity, I had pondered these has taught for 25 years. Born questions from time to time, but my interest in this issue was in Israel, he was educated in really piqued by some of the controversies surrounding the Canada. He has doctorates in canonization of Edith Stein in October of 1998. That same Social and Political Thought year, Stephen Dubner published a memoir entitled, Turbulent (1985) and in Psychology (1989), both from York Souls: A Catholic Son’s Return to His Jewish Family (New University, Toronto, Canada. -
German-Speaking Émigré Neuroscientists in North America After 1933: Critical Reflections on Emigration-Induced Scientific Change1
Frank W. Stahnisch German-Speaking Émigré Neuroscientists in North America after 1933: Critical Reflections on Emigration-Induced Scientific Change1 Abstract: This paper endeavors to document and analyze the impact of forced-migration of German-speaking neuroscientists to Canada and the United States during the National-Socialist era, while specifically focusing on concepts and scientific applications of interdisciplinarity in 20th century neuroscientific research. The objectives of this paper are firstly, to describe the general research topic; secondly, to introduce a new model for the his- toriography and social studies of forced-migration in the neurosciences and thirdly, to explore, in a preliminary way, the impact that particular Central- European émigré-researchers had on this emerging postwar biomedical field in North America. Key Words: forced-migration, neuroscientists, Canada, USA, scientific change 1. Introduction The general question of health care in the National Socialist Era,2 and specifically that of the expulsion and fortunate (re-) integration of a significant number of Ger- man-speaking neuroscientists3 into the scientific spheres of Canada and the United States are of particular relevance to international discussions of brain drain in mod- ern biomedical science.4 Following this perception, the group of neuroscientists has been chosen in this article, seeing that they were at the forefront of interdiscipli nary advances in an emerging scientific and clinical field that encompassed neuro logy, psy- Frank W. Stahnisch, Department of History & Department of Community Health Sciences, Social Scien- ces Building, Room 656, 2500 University Drive N.W., University of Calgary, T2N 1N4 Calgary, AB, Kanada; [email protected] 36 ÖZG 21.2010.3 chiatry, neurosurgery, neuropathology and also psychoanalysis.