MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW JANUARY1936 OCEAN GALES AND STORMS, JANUARY 1936-Continued II Poultion at time of Direc- Direction DW lowest barometer Gale Timeof Low- tlon of and form tlon of lowest 0!3t wind of wind at wlnd Vessel wgan barometer lanu- Janu- yz: ba- when tlmeof when W- gale lowest gale From- To- Latitude Longitudi ary- ary- :g- l- - began barometer ended NORTH PACIFIC l- OCEAN-Continued o, 01 Inehw Rakuyo Maru Jap. S. S. -___. Honolulu ______33 00 N. 179 30 E. 4 4 29.37 SW,8.-.. sw-wsw. Golden Tide, Am. 9. S-- Dairen San Franclaw-. 46 23 N. 162 45 W. 4 5 28.95 SW, 9--- SSE-SSW. Saparoea, Du. M. 6 _____ Manila___--___. Portland, Oreg- 46 00 N. I79 24 E. 5 6 28.52 E 9..-.-. None Golden Dragon, Am. Ban Francisco.. Yokohama--.-- 48 06 N. 184 24 w. 8 9 28.75 WNW, 9- WSW-WNW. 8. 9. General Lee, Am. 8. S... Yokohama __--.San Francisco.. 41 36 N. 134 00 w. 11 12 29.52 SSW, 10.. None. Golden Tide, Am. S. 8.. Dahn----____. .____do______- 39 31 N. 126 25 W. 12 12 29.83 8,lO _____ None. Grays Harbor, Am. 9. 8. Taku Bar--___. , 43 WN. 155 40 E. 13 14 28.74 W, ll---. ESE-WNW-W. I' B. C. Michlgan, Am. 9. S _____ Men128 ___--___.San Fr8ncLsw.- 37 00 N. 149 00 E. 13 1G 29.62 Columbia Maru, Jap. Sen Franclsco.. Seikoshin_____- 42 30 N. 145 12 E. 13 18 29.13 M. S. Ogurn M~N,Jap. M. 6. Ventura ______.Yokohama..--- 31 29 N. 177 47 E. 15 15 B.47 SSE, lo-- SSE-W. President Grant. Am. Yokohama Victoria, B. C-. 48 la N. 173 36 E. 16 17 29.36 8,9------s. 6. Golden Star, Am. 6. S--- Manila___-____. San Francisco-. 35 23 N. 143 45 E. 16 17 29.49 W, 9 _____ None. City of Vancouver, Br. Tsingtao Los Angeles--.. 43 08 N. 140 33 W. 16 17 29.62 8,s-___- - 6-ssw. 8. 8. Nlchlyo Maru, Jap. Yokohama .__-..____do ______45 69 N. 156 55 E. 17 17 29.00 E, 9______None. M. 8. Grays Harbor, Am. 8. 8. Taku Bar Vancouver, 48 40N. 173 45 E. 17 18 29.14 NE, 9..-. None. B. C.

Mlchlmn, Am. 6. 8 _____ Manila____ ~ --.. San Francisco-- 40 00 N. 169 30 E. 19 19 29.03 NW, Q--- WSW-WNW. President Grant, Am. Yokohama..... Victoria, B. C-- 60 00 N. 163 36 W. 19 20 28.92 8.9____-- None. ".QR ". I Texan, Am. €3. 8 ______Balboa ______. Los Angeles-.-. 15 33 N. 95 10 w. 22 22 29.72 NNE,11. N-E. arays Harbor, Am. 6. 8.1 Taku Bar-. ---.Vancouver, iUl 05N. 150 40 W. 24 24 28.78 9.9 ______BE-9. B.C. I E. 24 25 WNW,B- NW-WNW. President Cleveland, Yokohama.--.. Honolulu ______34 25 N. 152 46 29.81 Am. 8. 8. Mlchlgan Am. 9. S _____ Manlla___-____. Ran Francisco-. 44 - N. 149 - W. 24 25 29.18 SSE, 9--- SSE-8. AnnaMdrsk,Dan.M.S. Yokohama. -__.Los Angeles.--- 42 00 N. 163 30 W. 24 26 28.97 w,10 ...- PresidentJefferson, Am. _----do Victoria, B. C.. 44 48 N. 161 30 E. 26 28 28.79 W, ll---- None. 9. 6. Heian Maru, lap. M. 8.. _____do____-- ___. Vancouver, 47 42N. 173 06 E. 28 28 28.88 E ______1 E,8______[ SE____. E, 8_--_-- E-8. I B. C. I NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN, JANUARY 1936 Cyclones and gales.-The weather continued stormy By WILLIS E. HURD during January over much of the North Pacific Ocean north of the thirtieth parallel. The greater part of this Atmospheric prestiure.-As during the preceding De- enormous area was mostly dominated by fluctuating cember atmospheric pressure remained abnormally low cyclonic storms of the Aleutian type, many of which over much, if not most, of the North Pacific Ocean. So carried their influence southward well into middle lati- far as can be judged from the data in table 1, negative tudes. An unusual number of cyclones of Asiatic origin departures were prevalent excepf,within the region lying crossed northern and entered the ocean this month. east of China and south of the pnncipal Japanese Islands, This is well indicated by the low average pressure, 29.66, where small plus departures are indicated for the area recorded for Nemuro, near the northeastern extremity of covered by the oceanic projection of the Asiatic anti- Hokushu Island. cyclone. The center of the Aleutian cyclone this month Although gales of record occurred over some part of the is best indicated by the low average pressure, 29.34 ocean on at least 26 days of the month, there were certain inches, occurring at Dutch Harbor. The departure from definite regions where frequency or energy of storminess normal pressure at this station was -0.24 inch. was most pronounced. One region lay east of Japan, Anticyclonic activity was for the most part sporadic, another within 6' or 8' north and east of Midway Island, and average pressures of 30 inches or higher occurred only and a third to the westward of the Washington and off the coasts of China and California. Oregon coasts. TABLE1.-Averages, departures, and mlremes of atmospheric pres- Within the first region, lying roughly between 30' and sure at sea level, North Pacijic Ocean, January 1936, at selected 45' N., to the westward of 160' E., gales were reported stations on 10 days, the stormiest of which were the 12th to 17th. the 13th and 14th a deep and intense cyclone lay over I Aver- Depar- On age ture this section. The American steamer Grays Harbor, near Station from Elghest Date Lowest Date I YE- normal 43' N., 156' E., reported a barometer of 28.74, accom------panied by a west wind of force 11, on the 13th. On the Inch In&# Inchw Point Barrow ______30.09 +o. 01 30.70 31 following day, near the south coast of Hokushu, the Dutch Harhor ______.______~ - 29.34 -. 24 30.06 31 Japanese motorship Columbia Maru reported a west St. Paul ______.------29.49 -. 14 30.12 15 Kodlak ______29.45 -. 14 30.44 31 wind of hurricane force, accompanied by rising pressure. Juneau-----.--.----.-.------.--I 29.85 -. 03 30.46 30 Tatoosh Island_____.______.---- 29.89 -.OB 30.44 28 During the 27th and 28th strong cyclomc conditions Ban Francisco______.______.__-.---- 30.09 -. 02 30.35 1 29. Bo -. 05 30.02 15 prevailed in the neighborhood, with the American steamer President Jeflerson, near 45' N., 162O E., reporting the -. 05 30.08 10 I_ - - -. 11 30.20 9 29.69 14 highest wind, W. 11, and the lowest pressure, 28.79 -. oa 29.94 !23,31 29.76 I 1 -. 01 29.96 29,30 29.72 1 inches. .------. 30.25 17,18 In the Midway Island area-30' to 36' N., 178' E. to +. 04 30.30 20 +. oa 30.20 23 170' W.-pressures fell nearly to 29 inches, which was Nemuro______I 29.66 -.------. 30.28 24 unusually low for the latitude, near the first and middle NoTL-Data based on 1 daily observation only, except those for Juneau, Tatoosh of the month; and gales of force 10 to 11 were experienced Island San Francisco and Honolulu which are based on 2 observatlons. Departures 818 computed from bdt avallable normals related to theof observation. by ships on the 1st and 15th. On the 25th, near 34' N., Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/01/21 07:04 PM UTC JANUARY1936 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW 178' W., winds as high as force 11 were again encountered. but so far as reported, despite the prevailing low pres- The neighborhood was stormy on several other dates, sures accompanying them, did not exceed 9 in force. but no winds exceeding force 9 were reported. Tropical cyc1on.es.-The subjoined report by the Rever- Exceptionally heavy weather occurred off the Oregon end Bernard F. Doucette, s. J., of the Manila Observa- and Washington coasts, and thence for several hundred tory, indicates that two tropical clisturbances, one of miles seaward, during several days of January from the ininor nature, occurred in the Far East during- January 1st to the 12th. On the lst, south to southwest gales of 1936. force 9-10 were reported by the steamships Afericnn and Tehu.antepecers.-Ships traversing the Gulf of Tehuan- Stanley Hiller close in along the coast between 43' and tepec reporbed northers of force 7 on the 7th and 20th, 45' N. The maximum wind velocity at the North Head and of force 11, on the 22d. Weather Bureau Station on that dat,e was 56 miles from Fog.-Fog was reported on 4 days off t'he Washington the south. On the 3d and 4th the highest velocities and Oregon coasts; on 10 days off the California coast, reported at North Head were 57 and 56 miles, respec- and on 2 days off the coast of Lower Ca.lifornia. Farther tively, and during these days a long stretch of coast line at sea the occurrence of fog was rare and scattered. was battered by high winds and seas which caused heavy damage to communication systems and other property. TYPHOON AND DEPRESSION OVER THE FAR EAST, At sea, strong gales to hurncane velocities were experi- JANUARY 1936 enced within the locality 43'46' N., 130°-145' TV., on By BERN.4RD F. DOUCETTE,s. J. the 3d, while on the 4th scattered westerly gales within much the same area were encountered of force up to 10. [Weather Bureau, hianila, P. I.] Low pressure persisted over the northeastern part of Two disturbances, one a typhoon, the other a depres- the ocean between the 4th and llth, but the weather sion, appeared during the first few days of the month. meanwhile appears to have been only moderately stormy, The depression affected the weather of the Philippines; with no gales at sea reported in excess of force 8, and the typhoon, however, remained at a distance in the those far from the coast. On the 12th, however, stornli- Pacific Ocean. ness increased locally along the Oregon coast and in the Typhoon, December 31, 1935, to Junuary 3, lSSG.-A neighboring portions of the sea. The wind became vio- typhoon formed over the Eastern , inten- lent during the night of the 11-12th near the mouth 01 sifying on the last day of the year near latitude 8.20' N., the Columbia River, and the American steamer Iozuu, longitude 150' E. It moved WNW. about 1,150 miles caught in the early morning in a heavy gale, was wrecked and filled up January 3, 1936, in the regions around on Peacock Spit, the so-called graveyard of ships, about 3 latitude 14' N., longitude 136' E. miles southwest of North Head Station, where she mas Depression, December 69, 1935, to January 3, 1936.- lost with her entire crew of 34 men. This is reported as Forming about 120 miles S. of Yap, this mild depression having been the first major marine disaster at that point moved WNW. toward the Philippines. It passed over since 1913. At North Head the maximum wind velocity Surigao Strait, then across Leyte, Cebu, and Panay registered that day was 73 miles from the south. At sea Islands on its way to Mindoro Island, where it recurved southerly gales of force 10 were reported on the 12th by to the NE. It passed over the Camarines Provinces on the American steamers Generd Lee and Gold&% Tide, the its way to the Pacific Ocean, where it filled up, about first at 7 a. m., in 41'36' N., 134' W., the second at 11 120 miles away from the coast. This depression was of a. m., in 39'31' N., 126'25' W. little importance with respect to resulting damage, Along the middle stretches of the northern steamship though considerable rain fell over the Visnyan Islands routes gales were moderately frequent during the month, and shipping was delayed slightly. CLIMATOLOGICAL TABLES DESCRIPTION OF TABLES AND CHARTS CHARTI.-Tenipertrture departures.-This chart pre- sents the departures of the monthly mean surface temper- (R. J. Martin) atures from the monthly normals. The shaded portions Table 1 gives the data ordinarily needed for clinmto- of t'he chart indicate areas of positive departures and logical studies for about 180 Weather Bureau stations unshaded portions indicate areas of negative departures. making simultaneous observations at 8 a. m. and 8 p. m. Generalized lines connect places having approsimately daily, seventy-fifth meridian time, and for about 20 others equal departures of like sign. This chart of monthly maliing only one observation. The altitudes of the in- surface temperature departures in the United States was struments above ground are also given. first published in the MONTHLYWEATHER REVIEW for Beginning with January 1, 1932, all wind movements July 1909, but smaller charts appear in W. B. Bulletin and velocities published herein are corrected to true values U for 1873 to June 1909, inclusive. by applying to the anemometer readings corrections deter- CHART11.-Trucks of centers of ANTICYCLONES; and mined by actual tests in wind tunnels and elsewhere. CHART111.-Tracks of centers qf CYCLONES. The Table 2 gives, for about 37 stations of the Canadian roman numerals shorn the chronological order of tlic Meteorological Service, the means of pressure and tern- centers, The figures within the circles show the clays perature, total precipitation, depth of snowfall, and the of the month, t,he location indicated being that tit 5 a. m., respective departures from normal values escept in the seventy-fifth meridian time. Within each circle is also case of snowfall. The sea-level pressures have been an entry of the last three figures of the highest barometric computed according to the method described by Prof. reading (chart 11), or (chart 111) the lowest reading F. H. Bigelow in the REVIEWof January 1902,30: 13-16. reported at or near the center at that time, in both cases Table 3 lists the severe local storms reported in the as reduced to sea level and standard gravity. The inter- United States during the month. It is compiled from mediate 8 p. m. locations are indicnted by dots. The reports furnished mostly by officials of the Weather inset map on chart I1 shows the departure of monthly Bureau. mean pressure from normal and the inset on chart I11 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/01/21 07:04 PM UTC