SAVE SAVE THEIR HABITAT

Dr. Ir. Jamartin Sihite CEO BOS Foundation jamartin@.or.id

02/07/2020

CORE 3 CORE 4 CORE 1 ORANGUTAN SUSTAINABLE ORANGUTAN CORE 2 ECOSYSTEM COMMUNITY ABOUT ORANGUTANS WHO WE ARE REINTRODUCTION SANCTUARY CARE CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT HOW YOU CAN HELP CONSERVATION STATUS

Common Name Population Estimates Status

Bornean Orangutan 57,350

Sumatran Orangutan 14,470 Critically Endangered Tapanuli Orangutan <800 Nater et al. 2017

Gunung Leuser Biosphere Reserve, 1981

Betung Kerihun Danau Sentarum Kapuas Hulu Biosphere Reserve, 2018

Tanjung Puting Biosphere Reserve, 1977 THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SUMATRAN, TAPANULI, AND BORNEAN ORANGUTANS

SUMATRAN TAPANULI BORNEAN ▪ Pongo abelii ▪ Pongo tapanuliensis ▪ Pongo pygmaeus ▪ Has a smaller body ▪ Resemble Sumatran ▪ Has a larger body size, with brighter orangutans more than size orange hair Bornean orangutans ▪ Has dark or reddish in body build and fur brown short hair color ▪ They have frizzier hair, smaller heads, and flatter faces SUMATRAN ORANGUTANS Pongo abelii

▪ Pongo abelii has a smaller body size, with brighter orange hair when compared to Bornean orangutans ▪ Has a maximum bodyweight of 90 kgs ▪ Spread from the northern part of to the western part of ▪ In addition, this species is also scattered in the Bukit Tiga Puluh Landscape, which is a population released from the rehabilitation centre ▪ Based on research, the main food of Sumatran orangutans are fruits. The fruit season in Sumatra is indeed longer than in , so the fruit is overflow throughout the year ▪ Arboreal animals TAPANULI ORANGUTANS Pongo tapanuliensis

▪ Pongo tapanuliensis resemble Sumatran orangutans more than Bornean orangutans in body build and fur color. ▪ However, they have frizzier hair, smaller heads, and flatter faces ▪ Based on genetic research, female orangutans in Batang Toru have a closer relationship with Bornean orangutans than Sumatran orangutans ▪ Can only be found in the Batang Toru ecosystem, in North Sumatra ▪ Lives in a very limited habitat, in an area of about 132,000 hectares in the Batang Toru landscape and several other habitats that continue to be studied ▪ The conditions of habitat are also separate, due to natural factors and to the development of the surroundings BORNEAN ORANGUTANS Pongo pygmaeus

▪ Pongo pygmaeus has a larger body size, and has dark or reddish brown short hair ▪ Classified into 3 sub-species: 1. Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus, ranging from northwest Kalimantan (including Betung Kerihun and Danau Sentarum National Parks) north of the Kapuas river, across the east of Sarawak state (Malaysia) 2. Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii, ranging from south of Kapuas river in West Kalimantan to east of the Barito river in 3. Pongo pygmaeus morio, ranging throughout Sabah and south to the Mahakam river ▪ Physically, Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii is the largest orangutan sub-species and Pongo pygmaeus morio is the smallest orangutan sub-species among its relatives in Kalimantan What Causes Human-Orangutan Conflict?

• Forests converted for extractive • Loss of orangutan habitat industries • Loss of orangutan food resources • Forest Fires • Encroachment of human development on orangutan • Forest resource use (namely wildlife habitat and resources hunting) • Orangutans disorientated and searching for food resources on and around human development sites

• Orangutan killed as agricultural pests or perceived threats to human safety • Orangutans killed or captured for the bushmeat or pet trade Long-term effect of the 2015 fires in Tuanan

% trees with fruit

14 12 10 8 6 4 av.

% trees with fruit with trees % 2 1%

0

5-2009 7-2003 5-2004 3-2005 8-2005 1-2006 6-2006 4-2007 9-2007 2-2008 7-2008 3-2010 8-2010 1-2011 6-2011 4-2012 9-2012 2-2013 7-2013 5-2014 3-2015 8-2015 1-2016 6-2016 4-2017 9-2017 2-2018

12-2003 10-2004 11-2006 12-2008 10-2009 11-2011 12-2013 10-2014 11-2016

After extended smoke periods: Trees produce LESS fruit for MANY months

Source: Tuanan Research Team WHY WE MUST SAVE ORANGUTANS

Why are orangutans so important? Why are they so special? …….do the apes simply move into other areas, like this? we share 97% DNA

We have destroyed 80% of their home we [humans] needFOREST

clean AIR

fresh WATER

SOIL protection

the forest needs ORANGUTAN we [humans] need ORANGUTAN

That’s why we must PROTECT orangutans & their habitat WHO WE ARE

BOS FOUNDATION AN INDONESIAN NGO Founded in 1991

BORNEO ORANGUTAN Survival Foundation dedicated to the conservation of BORNEAN ORANGUTANS and their habitat WHAT WE DO

BOS FOUNDATION

WHAT WE DO

ORANGUTAN SANCTUARY CARE ORANGUTAN SUSTAINABLE REINTRODUCTION ECOSYSTEM COMMUNITY CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT BOS Foundation WORKING AREA

RHOI I, release site since 2012 - now Beratus Protection Forest Release site between 1999-2002 now Sungai Wain Protection Forest Release site between 1991-1998 SAMBOJA LESTARI EAST KALIMANTAN BOS Foundation WORKING AREA

Bukit Batikap Protection Forest release site since 2012 Bukit Baka Bukit Raya NP, release site since 2016 Nyaru Menteng Mawas

Salat Islands BOS Foundation WORKING AREA

RHOI I 121 OUs, 22 staff

Juq Kehje Swen Island 1 OU, 3 staff Muara Wahau - 6 Comdev staff 1 staff Samarinda 183 OUs 10 staff 122 OUs (75M, 47F) 167 OUs 71 Sun Bears (25M, 46F) 25 staff 158 staff

307 OUs (183F, 124M) 1M Sun Bears, 158 staff 2,550 wild OUs, 45 staff

Total OUs in the centers 429 and 72 sun bears. Total staff 440, including 42 staff at HQ in Bogor, West . 1991 to number of… 2020 Released Orangutans Post-Release Monitoring

Between 2012 and 2018, the percentage based on only known outcomes: ▪ successful (known alive 1 year post–release) is 75% (n=138) ▪ unsuccessful (confirmed dead, translocated, or received medical intervention) is 25% (n=47) 20 wild–born babies in the forest GUIDELINES AS GUIDANCE IN THE FIELD BOSF’S PROTOCOLS AND MANUALS BOSF’S PROTOCOLS AND MANUALS COORDINATION AND COLLABORATION

OVAG

OVAID

Other rescue centers Managing Orangutans in Their Habitat

Release Monitor Release Monitor

Restoration of orangutan habitat

Protecting and managing orangutan habitat (Mawas Conservation Program) FOREST FOREST MAWAS conservation program CENTRAL KALIMANTAN

309,000 hectares ±2,550 WILD orangutans live here ORANGUTAN HABITAT RESTORATION (RHOI)

ecosystem RESTORATION CONCESSION RELEASE site 86,450 hectares Working with local stakeholders IS THERE ANY SOLUTION

For Orangutans and Its Habitat? PARTNERSHIP Beyond HCVF Area PARTNERSHIP Best Management Practices for Orangutan Conservation How Private Sector Companies Can Help

Private sector companies can ii. Raising awareness at least make a significant from their customer and client contribution towards saving base orangutans such as: iii. Partnerships between the i. The private sector role is private sector and non–profit preserving and organizations. Private habitat through corporate companies should take the social responsibility responsibility to protect programs biodiversity such as orangutan conservation as a part of their business plan SALAT island CENTRAL KALIMANTAN meet indonesian orangutan conservation strategy and action plan 2007-2017

▪ Purchased 2,000+ hectares ▪ Purpose: 1. Orangutan “university” 2. Long-term sanctuary JUG KEHJE SWEN EAST KALIMANTAN

Share Development of Conservation Area • Partnership creates a better landscape • It creates awareness to provide more HCVF area from neighbouring concession projects F U N D R A I S I N G

• Official Partner organizations (BOS Australia, BOS Switzerland, BOS UK, BOS Germany, and Save the Orangutan) • Institutional donors (e.g. foundations, aid agencies, etc.) • Corporations • Individual donations CONCLUSIONS

• BOS Foundations will always support and open for more sustainable collaborations • Respect the choice of other institutions in striving for environmental sustainability, and community rights • Working together with other stakeholders (government and private sectors) as part of the solutions is key for saving the orangutans and their habitats • By saving forest for orangutans, we are also saving the lives of millions of other creatures – from the tiniest in the leaf litter to the largest in the canopy Let’s work together! Together we can bring down obstacles This beautiful world belongs to us all – which is why we all need to act now to preserve it! Protecting forest habitats is just as important to humans as it is to wildlife

If we work on orangutan conservation, it means we work for orangutan and their home, one package orangutan and habitats. If we work only orangutan, it will be ended in zoo. Why? Orangutan belongs to forest, not cages THEIR FUTURE is in our

Thank You! ☺