SAVE ORANGUTANS SAVE THEIR HABITAT Dr. Ir. Jamartin Sihite CEO BOS Foundation [email protected] 02/07/2020 CORE 3 CORE 4 CORE 1 ORANGUTAN SUSTAINABLE ORANGUTAN CORE 2 ECOSYSTEM COMMUNITY ABOUT ORANGUTANS WHO WE ARE REINTRODUCTION SANCTUARY CARE CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT HOW YOU CAN HELP CONSERVATION STATUS Common Name Population Estimates Status Bornean Orangutan 57,350 Sumatran Orangutan 14,470 Critically Endangered Tapanuli Orangutan <800 Nater et al. 2017 Gunung Leuser Biosphere Reserve, 1981 Betung Kerihun Danau Sentarum Kapuas Hulu Biosphere Reserve, 2018 Tanjung Puting Biosphere Reserve, 1977 THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SUMATRAN, TAPANULI, AND BORNEAN ORANGUTANS SUMATRAN TAPANULI BORNEAN ▪ Pongo abelii ▪ Pongo tapanuliensis ▪ Pongo pygmaeus ▪ Has a smaller body ▪ Resemble Sumatran ▪ Has a larger body size, with brighter orangutans more than size orange hair Bornean orangutans ▪ Has dark or reddish in body build and fur brown short hair color ▪ They have frizzier hair, smaller heads, and flatter faces SUMATRAN ORANGUTANS Pongo abelii ▪ Pongo abelii has a smaller body size, with brighter orange hair when compared to Bornean orangutans ▪ Has a maximum bodyweight of 90 kgs ▪ Spread from the northern part of Sumatra to the western part of Lake Toba ▪ In addition, this species is also scattered in the Bukit Tiga Puluh Landscape, which is a population released from the rehabilitation centre ▪ Based on research, the main food of Sumatran orangutans are fruits. The fruit season in Sumatra is indeed longer than in Kalimantan, so the fruit is overflow throughout the year ▪ Arboreal animals TAPANULI ORANGUTANS Pongo tapanuliensis ▪ Pongo tapanuliensis resemble Sumatran orangutans more than Bornean orangutans in body build and fur color. ▪ However, they have frizzier hair, smaller heads, and flatter faces ▪ Based on genetic research, female orangutans in Batang Toru have a closer relationship with Bornean orangutans than Sumatran orangutans ▪ Can only be found in the Batang Toru ecosystem, in North Sumatra ▪ Lives in a very limited habitat, in an area of about 132,000 hectares in the Batang Toru landscape and several other habitats that continue to be studied ▪ The conditions of habitat are also separate, due to natural factors and to the development of the surroundings BORNEAN ORANGUTANS Pongo pygmaeus ▪ Pongo pygmaeus has a larger body size, and has dark or reddish brown short hair ▪ Classified into 3 sub-species: 1. Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus, ranging from northwest Kalimantan (including Betung Kerihun and Danau Sentarum National Parks) north of the Kapuas river, across the east of Sarawak state (Malaysia) 2. Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii, ranging from south of Kapuas river in West Kalimantan to east of the Barito river in Central Kalimantan 3. Pongo pygmaeus morio, ranging throughout Sabah and East Kalimantan south to the Mahakam river ▪ Physically, Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii is the largest orangutan sub-species and Pongo pygmaeus morio is the smallest orangutan sub-species among its relatives in Kalimantan What Causes Human-Orangutan Conflict? • Forests converted for extractive • Loss of orangutan habitat industries • Loss of orangutan food resources • Forest Fires • Encroachment of human development on orangutan • Forest resource use (namely wildlife habitat and resources hunting) • Orangutans disorientated and searching for food resources on and around human development sites • Orangutan killed as agricultural pests or perceived threats to human safety • Orangutans killed or captured for the bushmeat or pet trade % trees with fruit 10 12 14 0 2 4 6 8 Long 7-2003 12-2003 5-2004 10-2004 - 3-2005 in the2015fires of effect term 8-2005 1-2006 6-2006 11-2006 4-2007 Trees produce LESS fruit for MANY months MANY for fruit LESS produce Trees periods: smoke extended After 9-2007 2-2008 7-2008 fruit with % trees 12-2008 5-2009 10-2009 3-2010 8-2010 1-2011 6-2011 11-2011 4-2012 9-2012 2-2013 Source: Source: 7-2013 12-2013 5-2014 Tuanan 10-2014 3-2015 8-2015 Tuanan Research Team Research 1-2016 6-2016 11-2016 4-2017 9-2017 2-2018 1% av. WHY WE MUST SAVE ORANGUTANS Why are orangutans so important? Why are they so special? …….do the apes simply move into other areas, like this? we share 97% DNA We have destroyed 80% of their home we [humans] needFOREST clean AIR fresh WATER SOIL protection the forest needs ORANGUTAN we [humans] need ORANGUTAN That’s why we must PROTECT orangutans & their habitat WHO WE ARE BOS FOUNDATION AN INDONESIAN NGO Founded in 1991 BORNEO ORANGUTAN Survival Foundation dedicated to the conservation of BORNEAN ORANGUTANS and their habitat WHAT WE DO BOS FOUNDATION WHAT WE DO ORANGUTAN SANCTUARY CARE ORANGUTAN SUSTAINABLE REINTRODUCTION ECOSYSTEM COMMUNITY CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT BOS Foundation WORKING AREA RHOI I, release site since 2012 - now Beratus Protection Forest Release site between 1999-2002 now Sungai Wain Protection Forest Release site between 1991-1998 Samboja Lestari SAMBOJA LESTARI EAST KALIMANTAN BOS Foundation WORKING AREA Bukit Batikap Protection Forest release site since 2012 Bukit Baka Bukit Raya NP, release site since 2016 Nyaru Menteng Mawas Salat Islands BOS Foundation WORKING AREA RHOI I 121 OUs, 22 staff Juq Kehje Swen Island 1 OU, 3 staff Muara Wahau - 6 Comdev staff 1 staff Samarinda 183 OUs 10 staff 122 OUs (75M, 47F) 167 OUs 71 Sun Bears (25M, 46F) 25 staff 158 staff 307 OUs (183F, 124M) 1M Sun Bears, 158 staff 2,550 wild OUs, 45 staff Total OUs in the centers 429 and 72 sun bears. Total staff 440, including 42 staff at HQ in Bogor, West Java. 1991 to number of… 2020 Released Orangutans Post-Release Monitoring Between 2012 and 2018, the percentage based on only known outcomes: ▪ successful (known alive 1 year post–release) is 75% (n=138) ▪ unsuccessful (confirmed dead, translocated, or received medical intervention) is 25% (n=47) 20 wild–born babies in the forest GUIDELINES AS GUIDANCE IN THE FIELD BOSF’S PROTOCOLS AND MANUALS BOSF’S PROTOCOLS AND MANUALS COORDINATION AND COLLABORATION OVAG OVAID Other rescue centers Managing Orangutans in Their Habitat Release Monitor Release Monitor Restoration of orangutan habitat Protecting and managing orangutan habitat (Mawas Conservation Program) FOREST FOREST MAWAS conservation program CENTRAL KALIMANTAN 309,000 hectares peat swamp forest ±2,550 WILD orangutans live here ORANGUTAN HABITAT RESTORATION (RHOI) ecosystem RESTORATION CONCESSION RELEASE site 86,450 hectares Working with local stakeholders IS THERE ANY SOLUTION For Orangutans and Its Habitat? PARTNERSHIP Beyond HCVF Area PARTNERSHIP Best Management Practices for Orangutan Conservation How Private Sector Companies Can Help Private sector companies can ii. Raising awareness at least make a significant from their customer and client contribution towards saving base orangutans such as: iii. Partnerships between the i. The private sector role is private sector and non–profit preserving biodiversity and organizations. Private habitat through corporate companies should take the social responsibility responsibility to protect programs biodiversity such as orangutan conservation as a part of their business plan SALAT island CENTRAL KALIMANTAN meet indonesian orangutan conservation strategy and action plan 2007-2017 ▪ Purchased 2,000+ hectares ▪ Purpose: 1. Orangutan “university” 2. Long-term sanctuary JUG KEHJE SWEN EAST KALIMANTAN Share Development of Conservation Area • Partnership creates a better landscape • It creates awareness to provide more HCVF area from neighbouring concession projects F U N D R A I S I N G • Official Partner organizations (BOS Australia, BOS Switzerland, BOS UK, BOS Germany, and Save the Orangutan) • Institutional donors (e.g. foundations, aid agencies, etc.) • Corporations • Individual donations CONCLUSIONS • BOS Foundations will always support and open for more sustainable collaborations • Respect the choice of other institutions in striving for environmental sustainability, and community rights • Working together with other stakeholders (government and private sectors) as part of the solutions is key for saving the orangutans and their habitats • By saving forest for orangutans, we are also saving the lives of millions of other creatures – from the tiniest in the leaf litter to the largest in the canopy Let’s work together! Together we can bring down obstacles This beautiful world belongs to us all – which is why we all need to act now to preserve it! Protecting forest habitats is just as important to humans as it is to wildlife If we work on orangutan conservation, it means we work for orangutan and their home, one package orangutan and habitats. If we work only orangutan, it will be ended in zoo. Why? Orangutan belongs to forest, not cages THEIR FUTURE is in our Thank You! ☺.