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DESIGN REQUIREMENTS for the EXERCISE AREAS in the INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS) by Aslı Yılmaz May, 2007

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DESIGN REQUIREMENTS for the EXERCISE AREAS in the INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS) by Aslı Yılmaz May, 2007 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR THE EXERCISE AREAS IN THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR ARCITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AND THE INSTITUTE OF FINE ARTS OF BİLKENT UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF FINE ARTS By Aslı Yılmaz May, 2007 I certify that I have read this thesis and that in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Fine Arts. _______________________________________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Halime Demirkan (Principal Advisor) I certify that I have read this thesis and that in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Fine Arts. _______________________________________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Çiğdem Erbuğ I certify that I have read this thesis and that in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Fine Arts. _______________________________________________ Assist. Prof. Dr. Nilgün Olguntürk Approved by the Institute of Fine Arts _______________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Bülent Özgüç, Director of the Institute of Fine Arts ii ABSTRACT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR THE EXERCISE AREAS IN THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION Aslı Yılmaz M.F.A. in Interior Architecture and Environmental Design Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Halime Demirkan May, 2007 This study explores the design requirements of the exercise areas of the International Space Station (ISS) in terms of physical and behavioral requirements. The main focus of the study is to understand the interactions of the crew members with the exercise equipment. Besides, the interior and environmental conditions of the exercise areas in the station as well as interaction of the exercise activities with the other activities are considered. In this study, how well users’ expectations fulfilled by the designers are discussed. It is found that some user needs are disregarded, because of the space, time and power constraints imposed by the station. However, in this study it is determined that design solutions can be generated both regarding the user needs and the constraints imposed by the station. Through out the study, some problems are figured out affecting both the physiological and psychological well being of the crew members. Some guidelines are suggested accordingly that can be useful for designers in designing exercise areas for space for further missions. In addition, this study indicates the lack of in-depth qualitative studies that explores users’ physical and behavioral needs in the exercise areas in the ISS. Keywords: Design requirements, exercise areas, exercise equipment, interior and environmental issues, International Space Station (ISS) iii ÖZET ULUSLARARASI UZAY İSTASYONU EGZERSİZ ALANLARI İÇİN TASARIM GEREKSİNİMLERİ Aslı Yılmaz İç Mimarlık ve Çevre Tasarımı Bölümü, Yüksek Lisans Danışman: Doç. Dr. Halime Demirkan Mayıs, 2007 Bu çalışma, Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonundaki egzersiz alanlarına yönelik tasarım gereksinimlerini fiziksel ve davranışsal açıdan ele alır. Bu çalışmadaki belirgin bakış açısı, mürettebat üyelerinin egzersiz alanlarındaki egzersiz aletleri ile ilişkisini anlamaktır. Ayrıca, istasyondaki egzersiz alanlarının iç mekan ve çevre koşulları ve yanısıra, egzersiz aktivitesiyle aynı mekanda bulunan diğer aktiviteler de göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, tasarımcıların ne derecede kullanıcıların ihtiyaçlarını göz önünde bulundurdukları ve cevap verdikleri tartışılmaktadır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda bazı gereksinimlerin göz ardı edildiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunun başlıca sebebinin istasyonun mekan, zaman ve enerji anlamında getirdiği kısıtlamalar olduğu saptanmıştır. Fakat, bu çalışma, hem bu kısıtlamaları hem de kullanıcı isteklerini göz önünde bulunduracak tasarım önerilerilerinin olabileceğini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Çalışma sırasında, mürettebat elemanlarının fiziksel ve davranışsal sağlığını etkileyen bazı problemler saptanmıştır. Bu problemleri çözmeye yönelik ve sonraki uzay misyonları için egzersiz alanlarının tasarımına da yararlı olabilmesi adına bazı tasarım önerileri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, bu çalışma Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonundaki egzersiz alanlarındaki kullanıcıların fiziksel ve davranışsal gereksinimlerini irdelemeye dönük geniş kapsamlı nitel çalışmaların azlığını ortaya koymuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Egzersiz alanları, egzersiz aletleri, iç mekan ve çevre koşulları, tasarım gereksinimleri, Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my principal advisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Halime Demirkan for her guidance, support and encouragement throughout the preparation of this thesis. It has been a privilege to work with her. I express appreciation to the jury members, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Çiğdem Erbuğ and Assist. Prof. Dr. Nilgün Olguntürk for their invaluable support and interest. In addition, I express my gratitude to my instructors, Serpil Altay and Tijen Sonkan for their encouragement and generous support. I owe special thanks to Özgür Gürtuna for his guidance, interest and encouragement while doing my research. Also, I would like to thank the Canadian astronauts Bob Thirsk and Marc Garneau for their support. I would like to thank my best friend, Selime Gürol for her generous love, support and encouragement. Also, I would like to thank my roommates Elif Helvacıoğlu and Aslı Çebi for being with me in every moment of my master education; İpek Sancaktar, Güliz Mugan,Yasemin Afacan, Fatih Karakaya and Erhan Dikel for their guidance, help and support when I was lost or down, Sabriye Özbaldan, Nazlı Bakht, Ozan Dinçer, Erdem Akagündüz, Onur Akgün for their love and care; Gökçen Çağatay, Segah Sak, Fatma Tekdağ, Kıvanç Kitapçı, Kutay Güler, Seda Konyar for their moral support. I am thankful to my aunts Özden Tutgun and Özay Akdoğan for their sweet care, love and support. I am grateful to my parents Ayşen Yılmaz and Kubilay Yılmaz and my lovely twin sisters, Pelin Yılmaz and Selin Yılmaz for their invaluable support, patience and encouragement throughout this thesis. Nothing could be done without them. I dedicate this thesis to my precious family. v TABLE OF CONTENTS SIGNATURE PAGE................................................................................................. ii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. iii ÖZET......................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xi LIST OF ABBREVIATION ..................................................................................... xii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Aim of the Study ............................................................................................ 2 1.2. Structure of the Thesis ................................................................................... 3 1.3. Introduction to ISS ......................................................................................... 5 1.3.1. Brief History of ISS........................................................................... 6 1.3.2. Purpose, Objectives and Organization of ISS ................................... 8 1.3.3. ISS Elements ..................................................................................... 9 2. CHARACTERISTICS OF EXERCISE AREAS IN INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS) 12 2.1. Human Characteristics in ISS........................................................................ 12 2.1.1. Demographic Characteristics of the Crew Members......................... 13 2.1.1.1. Size........................................................................................ 13 2.1.1.2. Nation.................................................................................... 14 2.1.1.3. Gender................................................................................... 14 2.1.1.4. Age........................................................................................ 15 2.1.2. Anthropometrical Characteristics of the Crew Members.................. 16 2.1.2.1. Body Size.............................................................................. 16 2.1.2.2. Body Volume and Mass........................................................ 17 2.1.2.3. Body Posture......................................................................... 19 vi 2.1.2.4. Body Strength ....................................................................... 19 2.2. Characteristics of the Exercise Modules in ISS ............................................. 21 2.2.1. Destiny Module (US Lab) ................................................................. 21 2.2.2. Unity Module (Node 1) ..................................................................... 23 2.2.3. Zvezda Module.................................................................................. 25 2.3. Characteristics of Exercises in ISS................................................................. 27 2.3.1. Proposed Exercises in ISS................................................................
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