Forhandlinger I Stortinget Nr. 121 S 2001–2002 2002 1797
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Kunnskapsdepartementets Historie
1814–2014 Kunnskapsdepartementets historie KIM GUNNAR HELSVIG 1811 Det Kgl. Frederiks Universitet etableres i Christiania 1814 1. departement opprettes. 1818 1. departement skifter navn til Kirke- og undervisningsdepartementet. 1821 Stortinget etablerer Oplysningsvæsenets Fond. 1826 Første lærerseminar opprettes. 1827 Lov om allmueskolen på landet. 1845 Skoleavdelingen i Kirke- og undervisningsdepartementet får konsulentstilling. 1848 Lov om allmueskolen i byene. 1851 Hartvig Nissen etablerer Selskabet til Folkeoplysningens Fremme. 1860 Lov om allmueskolen på landet. 1865 Hartvig Nissen utnevnes til den første ekspedisjonssjefen i Kirke- og undervisnings- departementets skoleavdeling. 1869 Lov om offentlige skoler for den høyere almenndannelse innfører inndelingen i 6-årig middelskole og 3-årig gymnas. 1882 Kvinner får rett til å ta examen artium. 1884 Kvinner får adgang til universitetet og dermed rett til å ta embetseksamen. 1889 Folkeskolelovene åpnet muligheten for høyere utdannelse for alle, både i byene og på landet. 1890 Kvinner får adgang til offentlige lærerskoler. Den første normalplanen for folkeskolen. 1896 Gymnaslovene etablerte en allmenn høyere skole med to hovedlinjer, real- og engelsklinjen. 1897 Norges landbrukshøgskole opprettes. 1905 Universitetet får sin egen rektor ved Lov om Det Kgl. Frederiks Universitet. 1910 Norges tekniske høgskole opprettes. 1911 Departementet nedsetter den såkalte enhetsskolekomiteen. 1912 Kristine Bonnevie blir Norges første kvinnelige professor. 1814–1914 1922 Norges lærerhøgskole opprettes. Normalplan for landsfolkeskolen. 1925 Normalplan for byfolkeskolen. 1931 Lærerorganisasjonenes skolenemnd nedsettes. 1936 Lov om folkeskolen på landet og Lov om 1940 april Rektor ved Universitetet i Oslo Didrik Arup Seip blir sjef for Kirke- folkeskolen i kjøpstedene. og undervisningsdepartementet under Administrasjonsrådet. 1940 september Professor ved Norges tekniske høgskole Ragnar Skancke blir Kirke- og undervisningsminister i Reichskommisar Terbovens nye regjering. -
“Norway Is a Peace Nation”
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives “Norway is a Peace Nation” Discursive Preconditions for the Norwegian Peace Engagement Policy Øystein Haga Skånland M.A.Thesis, Peace and Conflict Studies Faculty of Social Science UNIVERSITY OF OSLO 20th June, 2008 ii Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor Halvard Leira for his insightful feedback, suggestions, and encouraging comments. Without him keeping me on track and gently prodding me in the right direction, carrying out the analysis would undoubtedly have been an overwhelming task. I am also grateful to Iver B. Neumann, who has read through and given valuable comments on a draft in the finishing stages of the process. I would also like to thank Prof. Jeffrey T. Checkel for an excellent introduction to social constructivism in International Relations, Prof. Werner Christie Mathisen for his course on textual analysis, and Sunniva Engh for introducing me to Norwegian development aid history. You have all inspired me in the choice of perspective and object of study. Writing this thesis would not be possible without support and encouragement to overcome the many small and big challenges I have encountered. I am indebted to my fellow students, particularly Jonathan Amario and Ruben Røsler; my friends; and my parents. Last, but not least, Synnøve deserves my most heartfelt thanks for her patience and loving support. All the viewpoints presented, and all errors and inconsistencies, are solely my own responsibility. Øystein Haga Skånland Oslo, June 2008 iii Table of Content Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. -
Version 2.8 (Presentert DSS)
Concentration of power in cabinets: Exploring the importance of the political context Kristoffer Kolltveit, PhD Candidate, Department of political science, University of Oslo Abstract. Weakening of the cabinet collective and strengthening of prime ministers in parliamentary democracies have often been explained by the personality of state leaders or long-term changes like increased fragmentation of public sector, internationalisation and mediatisation of politics. This article points to other, more contingent explanations for changes in the executive centre. The argument is that the number of parties in cabinet, the fragility of the coalition, and the cabinet’s parliamentary basis, also affect the need for political coordination and thus the concentration of power in cabinet. The impact of long-term societal changes on the concentration of decision-making power in cabinet thus depends on factors in the domestic political context. The argument is substantiated through a qualitative case study of Norway. Based on semi-structured interviews the study shows that different features of cabinet help explain the concentration of power seen in the last four Norwegian cabinets. ! Note to reader: This is an early draft of the final article in my article-based PhD- thesis. One of the other articles focuses on how presidentialisation tendencies in Norwegian coalitions instead might be described as concentration of power as core ministers, party leaders and parliamentary leaders still are important actors in the decision-making processes in cabinet. In order to avoid overlap, this article has a more explanatory focus. I am therefore particularly interested in and grateful for, feedback on how this present article can be framed to further strengthen the theoretical argument of the importance of short-term explanations and interlinkage with long-term explanations, and perhaps tone down the Norwegian case more. -
Speaker's Bios
An Inclusive, Global Strategy to #LeaveNoOneBehind during and after COVID-19 Speaker’s Biographies Speaker Biography Danilo Türk President of Slovenia Danilo Türk (1952) has a BA in Law from the University of (2007-2012) Ljubljana in 1975, an MA from the University of Belgrade Club de Madrid President (1978), and a PhD from the University of Ljubljana. In 1983 he became Director of the Institute on International Law at the University of Ljubljana. He was member of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, a UN body of independent experts. In that capacity he served, in 1986- 1992, as the UN Special Rapporteur on the realisation of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. In 996-1997 he also served as member of the Human Rights Committee. In 1990-1991 he took part in the drafting of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia by preparing the draft chapter of the Constitution related to human rights and fundamental freedoms. From 1992 to 2000, Mr. Türk was the first Slovene Permanent Representative to the UN in New York and represented Slovenia on the UN Security Council in 1998 - 1999. In 2000 he was invited by Mr. Kofi Annan, the then Secretary –General of the UN, to serve as UN Assistant Secretary-General for Political Affairs (2000 – 20005). In 2005 he returned to Slovenia as Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana. In 2007 he was elected President of the Republic of Slovenia from 2007 to 2012. He became member of the Club de Madrid in 2013. -
Innst. S. Nr. 69 (2005-2006) Innstilling Til Stortinget Fra Utenrikskomiteen
Innst. S. nr. 69 (2005-2006) Innstilling til Stortinget fra utenrikskomiteen Dokument nr. 23 (2004-2005) Innstilling fra utenrikskomiteen om årsrapport fra garanti for kontinuitet og folkelig innflytelse overfor Stortingets delegasjon til Nordisk Råd for 2. halvår de nordiske regjeringer, vil være Nordisk Råd. 2004-1. halvår 2005 En etablert samarbeidsstruktur kan alltid forbedres. Så også med det nordiske samarbeid som gjennom årene har vist stor tilpasningsdyktighet med justeringer Til Stortinget av organisasjon og arbeidsområder. Dette er et kontinu- erlig arbeid om økt konsentrasjon og bedre prioriterin- ger i arbeidet. Nordisk Råds presidium leder dette arbeidet, og som utenrikskomiteen ga sin støtte til i sin SAMMENDRAG innstilling i 2004. Likeledes reises spørsmålet om Nor- Resultatene av det nordiske samarbeidet er etter dele- disk Råd kan utnyttes på en bedre måte for å øke de gasjonens oppfatning mange og gode. Nordisk Råds nordiske lands innflytelse i Nord- Europa og skape fagutvalg arbeider opp mot de forskjellige fagminister- større oppmerksomhet om denne regionen innen EU/ råd, både ved å kommentere og supplere Nordisk EØS-området. Stikkord her er EUs etablerte samar- Ministerråds egne forslag til programmer, prosjekter beidsmønster i Middelhavsområdet som får oppmerk- eller retningslinjer. Utvalgene fremmer dessuten egne somhet, mens EUs nordlige dimensjon kan vise til initiativer som Nordisk Ministerråd må ta stilling til. beskjedne resultater. Nordisk Råds presidium ønsker at Ofte vil de endelige resultatene skyldes en pågående Nordisk Råd skal være en pådriver for samarbeidet i prosess mellom regjeringssiden og parlamentarikersi- Nord-Europa og ha som mål at Rådet skal være en den. Samarbeidet i Nordisk Råd og Nordisk Minister- effektiv organisasjon. -
Forhandlinger I Stortinget Nr. 55 S 2004–2005 2004 791 Møte
Forhandlinger i Stortinget nr. 55 2004 6. des. – Forslag fra repr. Hedstrøm og Solholm om å oppheve 791 markedsreguleringen av egg og fjørfe Møte mandag den 6. desember kl. 12 8. Referat President: J ø r g e n K o s m o Presidenten: Fra Arbeiderpartiets stortingsgruppe foreligger søknad om sykepermisjon for representanten Dagsorden (nr. 24): Sylvia Brustad fra og med 6. desember og inntil videre. 1. Innstilling fra næringskomiteen om forslag fra stor- tingsrepresentantene Øystein Hedstrøm og Lodve Etter forslag fra presidenten ble enstemmig besluttet: Solholm om å oppheve markedsreguleringen av egg 1. Søknaden behandles straks og innvilges. og fjørfe 2. Vararepresentanten for Hedmark fylke, Grethe G. Fos- (Innst. S. nr. 29 (2004-2005), jf. Dokument nr. 8:3 sum, innkalles for å møte i permisjonstiden. (2004-2005)) 2. Interpellasjon fra representanten Ivar Kristiansen til Presidenten: Grethe G. Fossum er til stede og vil ta moderniseringsministeren: sete. «Etter at Samarbeidsregjeringen fjernet flypassasjer- avgiften og inngikk en toårig storkundeavtale med flyselskapet Norwegian, og konkurransemyndighete- Valg av settepresident ne forbød opptjening av bonuspoeng innenlands, er Presidenten: Presidenten vil foreslå at det velges en det etablert konkurranse i luftfarten innenriks. Dette settepresident for Stortingets møter i inneværende uke – har ført til lavere priser og større fleksibilitet til glede og anser det som vedtatt. for innbyggerne og næringslivet. Utfordringen blir nå Presidenten vil foreslå Kjell Engebretsen. – Andre å sikre likeverdige konkurransevilkår, hindre mis- forslag foreligger ikke, og Kjell Engebretsen anses en- bruk av dominerende markedsstilling og hindre kon- stemmig valgt som settepresident for Stortingets møter i kurranseskadelig prisdumping på enkeltstrekninger. inneværende uke. -
Taxonomy of Minority Governments
Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design Volume 3 Article 1 10-17-2018 Taxonomy of Minority Governments Lisa La Fornara [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijcd Part of the Administrative Law Commons, American Politics Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Comparative Politics Commons, Constitutional Law Commons, International Law Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Legislation Commons, Public Law and Legal Theory Commons, Rule of Law Commons, and the State and Local Government Law Commons Recommended Citation La Fornara, Lisa (2018) "Taxonomy of Minority Governments," Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design: Vol. 3 , Article 1. Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijcd/vol3/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design by an authorized editor of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Taxonomy of Minority Governments LISA LA FORNARA INTRODUCTION A minority government in its most basic form is a government in which the party holding the most parliamentary seats still has fewer than half the seats in parliament and therefore cannot pass legislation or advance policy without support from unaffiliated parties.1 Because seats in minority parliaments are more evenly distributed amongst multiple parties, opposition parties have greater opportunity to block legislation. A minority government must therefore negotiate with external parties and adjust its policies to garner the majority of votes required to advance its initiatives.2 This paper serves as a taxonomy of minority governments in recent history and proceeds in three parts. -
The Centre for European and Asian Studies
Nick Sitter, PSA 2004, p.1 The Centre for European and Asian Studies REPORT 2/2004 ISSN 1500-2683 Beyond Government and Opposition? The European Question, Party Strategy and Coalition Politics in Norway Nick Sitter A publication from: Centre for European and Asian Studies at Norwegian School of Management Elias Smiths vei 15 PO Box 580 N-1302 Sandvika Norway Paper prepared for the UK Political Studies Association conference, 2004 BEYOND GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION? THE EUROPEAN QUESTION, PARTY STRATEGY AND COALITION POLITICS IN NORWAY Nick Sitter Department of Public Governance, The Norwegian School of Management BI The British application for membership of the European Economic Community in July 1961 came less than two months before the election that cost the Labour party its parliamentary majority and inaugurated four decades of minority and coalition government. Not only did the British application place the controversial question of whether to apply for EEC membership on the Norwegian Labour (and now minority) administration’s agenda, it introduced a question that has cast a shadow over coalition politics ever since. Participation in European integration has long divided both the centre-right and centre-left wings of the party system, and with the 2005 election a year and a half away it continues to do so more than ever. With the leaders of the two mainstream centre-left and -right parties both declaring that application for membership of the European Union is more important than coalition politics, and their respective potential coalition partners prioritising opposition to EU membership, the scene is set for intense coalition games and negotiations in the run-up to the 2005 elections and in all likelihood yet another minority government that builds alliances in different directions on economic and foreign policy questions. -
Annual Report 2015 / 10-Year Anniversary Booklet
DEMOCRACY BUILDING IN A TURBULENT WORLD THE OSLO CENTER 10 YEAR ANNIVERSARY 2006 – 2016 Peace Democracy Human Rights CONTENT FOREWORD PAGE 5 INTRODUCTION PAGE 6 THE VISION BEHIND THE OSLO CENTER PAGE 6 MAKING IDEAS FLY PAGE 7 THE WAY FORWARD PAGE 9 DEMOCRACY ASSISTANCE PAGE 10 THE OSLO CENTER APPROACH PAGE 17 ARTICLES PAGE 19 HUMAN RIGHTS IN NORWAY’S FOREIGN AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY PAGE 19 INTER-RELIGIOUS DIALOGUE PAGE 24 CURRENT PROJECTS PAGE 31 SOMALIA – Small but important steps towards democracy PAGE 31 KENYA – Strengthening democratic processes PAGE 33 SOUTH SUDAN – Youth dialogue as a way to inclusive participation PAGE 36 BURMA/MYANMAR – Youth engagement: a prerequisite for democracy PAGE 38 NEPAL – Strengthening democracy through effective implementation of the new Constitution PAGE 41 UKRAINE – Cross party cooperation and coalition building PAGE 42 THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Strengthening democratic processes and human rights PAGE 45 SUSTAINABLE MANGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES - Underpinning democracy and economic growth PAGE 46 THE UNIVERSAL CODE OF CONDUCT ON HOLY SITES – Inter-religious efforts to protect holy sites PAGE 48 CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT – Oslo Center publications, handbooks and guides PAGE 50 FORMER PROJECTS PAGE 54 UN MISSION TO THE HORN OF AFRICA - Special Humanitarian Envoy to the region PAGE 54 DIALOGUE FOR RESPECT AND UNDERSTANDING – The islamic world and the west PAGE 56 RELIGION AND DEVELOPMENT - Greater expertize needed on how religion influences societal development PAGE 58 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT ON ERITREA - Report on -
FORMAL COMPLAINT VS the KINGDOM of NORWAY 1 by Wilh
United Nations petition — incomplete report Date: April ……. , 2009 Plaintiff: Surname: Winther First names: Wilhelm Werner Gender: Male Birthplace/-date: NO-Ålesund — May 17, 1963 Nationality: Norwegian Present address: Åsen 4, NO-6270 Brattvåg, Norway Contact information: Norwegian authorities should send their communications/representatives etc to my counsellor in NO-Ålesund, Mr Johs. A ASPEHAUG (P.O Box 837, 6001 Ålesund [PRV: Kipervikg. 5 — ―Grimmergården‖ — Ålesund]). Due to persistent, dangerous and totally illegal harassment and interference from Norwegian authorities, representatives from foreign governments, human rights organizations and tribunals etc should apply couriers satisfyingly identifying themselves as authentic messengers — no letters should be forwarded through, e.g, the official postal services of Norway (i.e ―Posten Norge BA‖) or DHL, and no confidential information should be transferred by telecommunication or direct consultation with aforesaid counsellor (Mr Aspehaug is trustworthy enough, but his office etc ‘ve been unlawfully surveilled by Norwegian author- ities for years). Norwegian authorities are much likely to v.g; obstruct phone calls, steal telefac- similes/letters, erase e-mails and to bug/surveil/eavesdrop clothes, luggage, PCs, calculators, cellular phones, hotel rooms, restaurants, shops, public health facili- ties, libraries, closed sessions, cars/taxicabs, parks and — pet animals etc. 1 FORMAL COMPLAINT VS THE KINGDOM OF NORWAY 1 by Wilh. Werner WINTHER, Norway United Nations petition — incomplete -
Annual Report 2006 for Peace and Human Rights
ANNUAL REPORT 2006 For Peace and Human Rights CONTENTS A dream has come true Page 5 Board of Director`s report Page 6 For Peace and Human Rights Agreements on cooporation Page 9 Human Rights Page 9 Peace Page 17 Club of Madrid Page 19 Health and human rights programme Page 21 Working environment and gender equality Page 25 Staff of the Oslo Center Page 25 Members of the Board of Trustees Page 27 Funding Page 27 Profit & loss Page 28 Balance sheet Page 29 A drEam haS COME TruE On 1. August 006 a dream came true. The offices of The Oslo Center for Peace and Human Rights (OC) at Gange Rolvsgate were officially opened. The idea behind The Oslo Center for Peace and Human Rights was to establish a small and flexible center using dialogue and bridge building to promote peace and human rights. We will strive to promote peace with initiatives to prevent conflicts. The Oslo Center will make use of contacts and networks established throughout many years in international politics, especially by the Chairman of the Board, the Executive Director and myself. We also have a staff with long experience from government, civil service, multinational organisations and NGOs. We will strive to promote peace with initiatives to prevent conflicts, through intercultural and interreligious dialogues, and by sharing best practices from well-functioning democracies and coalition governments. The Oslo Center is committed to projects to protect the most fundamental of human rights, the right to live. Our humanitarian assignments for the United Nations on the Horn of Africa and for the Partnership for Newborn and Maternal Health have key priority in this regard. -
Forhandlinger I Stortinget Nr. 20 S 2003–2004 2003
Forhandlinger i Stortinget nr. 20 2003 4. nov. – Forslag fra repr. Reikvam, Lena Jensen og Holmås om å fornye dagens eksamensordning 289 og vurderingsformer i grunnskolen og den videregående opplæringen Møte tirsdag den 4. november kl. 10 2. Følgende vararepresentanter innkalles for å møte i permisjonstiden: President: K a r i L i s e Ho l m b e r g For Aust-Agder fylke: Liv Marit Moland For Buskerud fylke: John-Ragnar Aarset Dagsorden (nr. 10): For Hedmark fylke: Johnny Hult 1. Innstilling fra kirke-, utdannings- og forsknings- For Hordaland fylke: Rita Tveiten komiteen om forslag fra stortingsrepresentantene For Oppland fylke: Tove Lehre Rolf Reikvam, Lena Jensen og Heikki Holmås om å For Sogn og Fjordane fylke: Liv Signe Navarsete fornye dagens eksamensordning og vurderingsfor- For Vestfold fylke: Vidar Andersen mer i grunnskolen og den videregående opplærin- 3. Johnny Hult, Tove Lehre og Vidar Andersen innvel- gen ges i Lagtinget for den tid de møter for henholdsvis (Innst. S. nr. 12 (2003-2004), jf. Dokument nr. 8:103 representantene Per Roar Bredvold, Kjetil Bjørklund (2002-2003)) og Per Ove Width. 2. Innstilling fra kirke-, utdannings- og forskningsko- miteen om forslag fra stortingsrepresentantene Rune Presidenten: Liv Signe Navarsete er til stede og vil ta J. Skjælaaen, Åslaug Haga og Magnhild Meltveit sete. Kleppa om å gi alle elever i grunn- og videregående skole en individuell rett til systematisk veiledning gjennom utdanningsløpet, blant annet gjennom å Endring av ukeprogrammet etablere en delt rådgivningstjeneste (Innst. S. nr. 13 (2003-2004), jf. Dokument nr. 8:113 Med hjemmel i forretningsordenens § 26 fjerde ledd (2002-2003)) vil presidenten foreslå at det oppsatte ukeprogram for 3.