CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Central Archive at the University of Reading ‘How Many Frenchmen Did You Kill?’ British Bombing Policy Towards France, 1940–1945 Lindsey Dodd (
[email protected]) and Andrew Knapp (
[email protected])* Between 1940 and 1945, Allied air forces dropped nearly 600,000 tons of bombs on France. The death toll, of perhaps 60,000 French civilians, is comparable to that of British victims of German bombing (51,500) plus V-weapon attacks (nearly 9,000).1 Yet the Allied bombing of France occupies a minor place in the literature. De Gaulle’s War Memoirs allow it the briefest of allusions.2 Histories of the Occupation concede it a few pages.3 Studies of bombing focus on Germany, briefly covering attacks on France in Spring 1944.4 Accounts of the Liberation focus on politics and on ground fighting, with bombing as a prelude and an accompaniment.5 The one full-length study of the subject, though comprehensive, is poorly sourced and sometimes unreliable.6 Not an untold story, the bombing of France is certainly an undertold one. This article aims to redress the balance partially, by analysing how the Allies chose to devote almost a quarter of their European bombing effort to France.7 First, it identifies the major stakeholders, and the fora and constraints within which they made policy. Second, it analyses the aims of bombing policy towards France. Finally, it examines how the British handled objections from Vichy and the Free French.