Olympics and new urban infrastructure

At the International Olympic Committee Session in Munich in was implemented, transforming the city. In order to receive 1959, Tokyo was selected as the host city for the Games of the athletes, officials, and spectators from within and outside , XVIII Olympiad. In preparation for the Games to be held in infrastructure was built, including development of roads and Construction of grade separated roads (the latter half of the 1960s) Launching ceremony of the Hikari No. 1 bullet train October 1964, in the some five years from the decision, large- other transportation networks, construction of competition Construction of the Metropolitan Expressway through grade separation was at (1964) scale development of urban infrastructure, especially in Tokyo, venues, and development of the and harbor. widely advanced in locations through the city in order to put an end to the The super-express Tokaido Shinkansen bullet train, which covered the 515 severe congestion on Tokyo’s roads and make traffic smoother. kilometers between Tokyo Station and Shin-Osaka Station in about 4 hours Source: Kajima Corporation. began operations in time for the 1964 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games. It was able to transport passengers safely and quickly. Source: Kajima Corporation.

TodaToda Rowing Rowing Course Course

Radial Route No.8 Radial Route No.9 Radial Route No.8 Radial Route No.9 Chapter

Asaka Shooting Range Asaka Shooting Range 3

Radial National Stadium (1964) RadialRoute No.7 The National Stadium was built to accommodate Route No.7 what could be called the prelude to the Olympics, the Third Asian Games in 1958. Following this, it underwent expansion work to serve as the main Ikebukuro Ikebukuro venue for the Tokyo Olympics. Sources: Japan Sport Council, Taisei Corpora- Waseda University Ueno tion. Ring Road No.6 Memorial Hall Ueno kichijoji Ring Road No.6 Memorial Hall Korakuen kichijoji KorakuenIce Palace Ice Palace Subway Hibiya Line starts operations

Shinjuku Nippon Budokan The Hibiya line, which was partially operating from 1961, fully opened for The Tokyo Monorail linking Hamamatsucho and (13.1km)

Ring Road No.7 No.7 Road Road Ring Ring Ring Road No.7 Road Ring Ring Road No.7 Road Ring Metropolitan Expressway service between Naka-meguro and Kita-senju (20.3 km) in time for the 1964 was opened for service. Along with providing access to the airport, today it MetropolitanRoute No.4 Expressway Tokyo Radial Route No.5 Route No.4 Tokyo Games. also contributes to development of the area along the line. Radial Route No.5 National Stadium National Stadium Source: Museum. Source: Tokyo Monorail Co., Ltd. 1 1 . . o o N N e Yoyogi t te u National Gymnasium u o National Gymnasium o R R Shibuya y y a a w Equestrian Park s w Equestrian Park Komazawa s s s e r

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Route M ◉ The Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 served as the opportunity to Radial Route No.3 M No.154Radial Route No.3 pletion (1964) No.154 T

Olympic competition venues T Olympic competition venues o The district of Yoyogi Park was Washington earnestly begin construction of piers in the Port of Tokyo, such as Hinode, o k k y Heights, where the family quarters of the US Main Olympic venues y o o , and Takeshiba, but the port was not opened for a long time Main Olympic venues M forces after the war was located. After Tokyo won Yoyogi/Sendagaya district M Yoyogi/Sendagaya district Tokaido Shinkansen o Tokaido Shinkansen o n the bid for the Olympics, the US forces derequisi- because foreign trade was still restricted. Komazawa district n o o r Komazawa district a Drawing of the r tioned this land and it was used as a venue in the ◉ a Following this, with increasing military demand, trade with the il City planned roads i revised Tokyo City planned roads l city center. Sources: Japan Sport Council, Obayashi Corpo- Chinese continent flourished, and voices calling for the opening of the Port and Harbor Metropolitan Expressway Metropolitan Expressway Plan (1961) Radial Route No.1 ration. Port of Tokyo as an international trade port gradually grew louder. The Expressway routes built Radial Route No.1 Expressway routes built Haneda Airport Source: Tokyo wan after the Olympics Haneda Airport port was finally opened on May 21, 1941. after the Olympics shi Dai 1 kan tsushi Tokaido Shinkansen ◉ Following the end of WWII, volume at the Port of Tokyo kakuron (History of Tokaido Shinkansen bullet train the Port of Tokyo, bullet train increased yearly, but it was somewhat behind in its facilities. To address Vol. 1, Overview of that situation, the conventional port plan was radically changed, and the history). Bureau of Tokyo Port and Harbor Plan was newly formulated under the Port and Port and Harbor, The Olympic venues and development of urban infrastructure Tokyo Metropolitan In preparation for the Olympics, Tokyo began construction with priority placed on roads related to the Harbor Act. In 1961, based on the increase in cargo volume, the Revised Government. Games. As streets related to the Games, 22 routes with a total length of 54.6 kilometers were construct- Tokyo Port and Harbor Plan was formulated. This plan formed the ed. For the Metropolitan Expressway, four lines totaling 31.8 kilometers, centering on Metropolitan Ex- pressway Route 1, which linked Haneda, central Tokyo, and Yoyogi (Olympic Village), were built. At foundation for the features of the Port of Tokyo which will develop as an Haneda Airport, developments included expansion of the passenger terminal, construction of runways, urban and commercial port. and the building of a hotel on the airport grounds. ◉ When the global revolution of container transport created waves in the Prepared from Miru, yomu, aruku Tokyo no rekishi 3 (See, read, walk through Tokyo’s history, Vol. 3) Komazawa Olympic Park (1964) by Susumu Ike, et al., Yoshikawa Kobunkan. Because Komazawa Olympic Park would be used late 60s to early 70s, the Port of Tokyo took the lead in addressing this as the venue for six sports and gather about style. The first full in Japan arrived in Shinagawa Container 40,000 spectators, a bus center was established in the park to transport the spectators. Terminal, with the port making great advancements as a port of Source: Tokyo Metropolitan Park Association. international trade.

070 【Chapter3】Urban Sprawl and Improvement of Urban Infrastructure 03-Tokyo Olympics and new urban infrastructure 071 High economic growth and the Olympic Games (1950s-1980s)