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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library THE GAMES OF THE XVIII OLYMPIAD TOKYO 1964 The Official Report of the Organizing Committee
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library PREFACE
The Official Report of the Games of the XVIIIth Olympiad is now ready for publishing. In order to ensure that all pertinent details and data for this official report, as stipulated in the Olymjnc Charter, would be carefully preserved, this Organizing Committee set up a sub-committee for this purpose in April 1962 some two years before the Games took place. This sub-committee included a representation from each division of the Secretariat and with the Public Relations Division (later the Press and Public In formation Division) outlying the overall plan of collecting and collating the many necessary facts and details as they occurred. This sub-committee was early in 1964 reorganized to a “Report Editing Sub-Committee” to prepare for the final compilation in a form for presentation in a comprehensive report. In the collecting of overall details of the Games preparations, cooperation was required from agencies and organizations other than the actual Organizing Committee itself and in this, we are most grateful for the assistance willingly extended by the various agencies of the National Government, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, and the other Prefectural and City authorities involved with certain aspects or sports facilities used for the Games. The form of this report has been divided into two main sections and these have been embodied in two separate volumes; that relating to the preparation and administration of the Games forming one jtart, while the remaining volume contains the complete statistical records and results of the Games themselves. In the actual arrangement of the report, the reports of past Olympic Games have provided valuable guidance, from the report in the Berlin Games in 1936 to the latest Games. The Tokyo Games however included elements, reflecting the rapid developments in a number of fields in this space age, for which no parallel was to be found in previous Games. Scientific and mechanized apparatus appearing for the first time is given, acco rdingly, rather more space than it would otherwise have warranted in a volume as limited as in this report. Mindful of the historical and practical usefulness that this report will have for those organizing Olympic Games in the future, we have endeavoured to include the complete story—from the very earliest invitation to be named a host city, to the last act of the Committee on completion of the Games. To include a full text of explanation for all these details would involve a much greater number of pages than could be reasonably included. We have to some extent overcome this by including a number of diagrams and tables, and where jDOSsible illustrated the text with actual photographs. A large number of jrhotos in colour have been selected, in spite of the additional cost involved, for not only do they impart a beauty to this volume but they also enable the depicting in exact detail a true impres sion of the Games, from the scale of the National Stadium during the Opening Ceremony, to the faithful reproduction in their actual colours of the various badges and printed materials made use of. The actual records and results of the Games themselves have been collated in great detail and these have been included with only minimum abbreviation or condensation under the relevant headings for each sport. Such an ambitious undertaking could not have been completed without the cooperation and assistance of the many sections and groups concerned. A large number of the photographs here reproduced have been offered for this purpose by newspapers or press organizations in Japan. To all these who assisted us and rendered such wholehearted support, our most sincere thanks.
The Organizing Committee for M ay 1966 the Games of the XVIII Olympiad
Copyright 1964 by the Organizing Committee for the Games of the XVIII Olympiad
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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library In this volume the Organizing Committee for the Games of XVIII Olympiad records the performances of The eyes of the world were focussed on Japan as we carefully prepared all aspects of the Games of the the participants, the accomplishments of the champions, and the story of the preparations which assured the XVIII Olympiad though not without some apprehension on our part that all details could be completed to phenomenal success of this great festival of the youth of the world. It is not from these cold figures and our own satisfaction. The Games were, in fact, brought to a most successful close and were executed with a colourless statistics, however, that you will discover the most important aspects of this wonderful event, smoothness which exceeded perhaps even our own expectations. We are proud of the praise and expressions the features that made it so outstanding. It is impossible for mere numbers to give the reader an adequate of gratification we received from all over the world on that occasion. An undertaking of the complexity of impression of the friendly reception and gracious hospitality given to all contestants, officials and spectators the Olympic Games, however, can not be organized without hardship and difficulty—some obvious and alike, by our Japanese hosts and that means all Japanese, and not only those connected with the event, public—but perhaps a greater part of these took place behind the scenes. The Organizing Committee of since the entire nation from newsboy to industrial tycoon adopted the Games as his own project and went the Tokyo Olympic Games was no exception in this connection. Many difficulties had been surmounted out of his way to jrlease the visitors. The Olympic flame on its way from ancient Olympia was carried within the Organizing Committee before I took over as President. Many more had to be overcome before through every province in Japan and no country has ever been so thoroughly converted to the Olympic the final curtain came down. I am not aware at the time of writing, to what extent this official report will m ovem ent. actually convey to the reader the magnitude of the problems which required to be faced, though it will re This cordial welcome and the true Olympic spirit which prevailed throughout, together with the superior quire but little imagination to envisage details both great and small which were settled “behind-the-scenes” facilities and the meticulous organization, certainly was a stimulation to the competitors and undoubtedly so that Games on these scale were able to be accomplished in such harmony. Though these problems could contributed to their sensational performances. Every operation had been rehearsed repeatedly until it moved not all be enumerated as such, I would like to point out, instead of writing a Preface for the official report, smoothly, effortlessly and with precision. Every difficulty had been anticipated and the result was as near in a general way the nature of the main problems which required to be overcome. perfection as possible. Even the most callous journalists were impressed, to the extent that one veteran The first area of difficulty, I believe, lies in the very nature of an Organizing Committee for an Olympic reporter named them the “Happy” Games. Games. Brought together, as it must necessarily be, of volunteers from a number of fields, all with different This common interest served to submerge political, economic and social differences and to provide an backgrounds and personalities, these persons then, within the space of a comparatively short period of time objective shared by all the people of Japan. In Tokyo everyone united to clean, brighten and improve are required to organize the Games within the strictly stipulated framework which has emerged as the result the city and a vast program of public works involving hundreds of millions of dollars was adopted. It re of a long history and heritage of the Olympic movement. Such a group would normally require a longer mains a much more beautiful and efficient municipality with the handsome sport facilities erected for the period before they could successfully work together as a unified “team”. Games as permanent civic assets. Kenzo Tange’s Gymnasium received a special award from the Interna Secondly, should be envisaged the problems which must be faced in the relationship with the Organizing tional Olympic Committee and is certainly one of the finest sports buildings in all the world. Committee as such with the various sports associations and federations. The best of relations with each of The fine arts program was outstanding. Elaborate exhibitions of the National Treasures of the country these organizations are essential if the Games are to be consummated at all, yet too often the smooth rela were arranged in all museums. Grand Opera with Japanese actors and singers was produced. There were tionship between the interests of the various individual sports organisations and the Organizing Committee outstanding performances in the Kabuki and Noh theatres. Demonstrations of flower arrangement and the are not early attained. traditional tea ceremony were given and visitors had every opportunity to become acquainted with all the The next area of difficulties, I believe, would be in the many problems of a practical nature which have subtle facets of Japanese culture. ito be settled in the course of the organizing. The actual route, for instance, which the torch relay would The success of this enterprise provided a tremendous stimulus to the morale of the entire country. Japan take was bounded on the one hand by the feasibility and expense involved, and on the other by the demands has demonstrated its capacity to all the world through bringing this greatest of all international spectacles to of each area in Japan that their youth be given an opportunity to participate in and witness this first, (and Asia for the first time and staging it with such unsurpassed precision and distinction. It is certainly the possibly last), such event that will be given them in their lifetime. In our case, we to some extent alleviated Number One Olympic Nation today. The International Olympic Committee is indebted to it for this this problem by allowing the torches to travel in several routes within Japan and then fusing the sacred important contribution to the Olympic Movement. flame again in an impressive and appropriate ceremony. The organization of smooth traffic without accidents in an area as congested as Japan, and in particular in Tokyo during the opening and closing ceremonies, was a herculean problem. Problems of this nature in volved of course the perfect coordination and cooperation among the Self Defence Force, Police, Fire depart ments and other auxiliary organizations. Again the efficient application of the latest scientific and technicolog- ical developments has already become a problem of some magnitude. The successful planning of the Exhibitions of Fine Arts usually held during the Olympic Games are a AVERY BRUNDAGE challenge to correctly and efficiently create a display that will give a dignified and correct impression to the President, International Olympic Committee viewer. In our case it was no easy task to correctly portray the spirit of Japan in these Art Exhibitions. Thus it can perhaps be said that, if the Games of the XVIII Olympiad were a success, it was because Japanese in all walks and interests of life worked together in close and harmonious cooperation—all with one basic goal—that these Games might be an unqualified success. This spirit permeated into the Organiz ing Committee, and was to be found also in the sports associations and the many cooperating organizations involved. This surely is the only factor that enabled success in our organization efforts. This report will no doubt set out in great detail with appropriate references under each specific heading how the mechanics and statistics of these Games were accomplished. In all these paragraphs which follow, this fundamental conception of overall cooperation in which each individual worked for the one common goal, should be remembered. In understanding this Olympic Spirit as described in this “Preface” one can understand the whole report.
Daigoro Yasukawa President, The Organizing Committee for the Games of the XVIII Olympiad
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library H.M. The Emperor of Japan Patron of llie Gaines of the XVI11 Olympiad
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Daigoro Yasukawa President, Organizing Committee for the Games of Averv Brimdage P r e sident, I nternational Olympic Committee the XVIII Olympiad, Tokyo 1961
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library I
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Armand Massard Vice-President, I.O.C. The Marquess of Exeter Vice-President, I.O.C, Tsuneyoshi Takeda Vice-President, Organizing Shigeki Tashiro Vi<*e-Presid eiil, Organizi iig Committee for the Games (.oniinittee for th e Gani<‘s o f of the XVIII Olympiad, the XV 111 O lynipiad, Tokyo 1 9 6 4 T ok yo 1 9 6 4
Ryotaro Azuma Member I.O.C. Shingoro Takaishi 1 .0 . 0 , M em ber Shigeru Yosano Secretary-General, Organizing Governor of Tokyo Committee for the Games of the XVIH Olympiad, Tokyo 1 9 6 4
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library The members of the Organizing Committee at the time of the Tokyo Olympic Games
Mitsujiro Ishii Tadashi Adachi Kenji Fukunaga Taizo Ishizaka To Matsunaga H anji A o k i Rinjiro Deguchi Tatsuo Hisatomi
Umekichi Nakamura Shunichi Suzuki Masaji Tabata Juichi Tsushima Shigenao Okubo Tsunetaka Ueda Susumu Sane Keitaro Utsugi • I ^
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Iwataro Uchiyama Shuichi Yanagita Ken Y asui Hiromu Kasuga Yoshinori Maeda Kiichi Aichi Ichiro Kono Soichi Usui
Makoto Tsuji Issaku Nakamura Hiroshi Kurihara Tamiichi Kikuchi Ichiro Shimamura Seiichi Okura Takeshi Sakurada
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library A dvisors
Shojiro Kawashima Nobusuke Kishi Eisaku Sato
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library i
CONTENTS
OFFICIAL ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR COUNTRIES PARTICIPATING IN THE TOKYO OLYMPIC GAMES THE BRINGING OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES TO TOKYO 33 Invitation to stage the Games in Tokyo 8 DIGITS 3 DIGITS 8 DIGITS 3 DIGITS ENGLISH ABBREVI ABBREVI ENGLISH ABBREVI ABBREVI The period prior to the decision to hold the Games of the ATIONATION ATION ATION XII Olympiad in Tokyo 34 The decision to withdraw 1. AFGH.A.NISTAN AFGHAN AFG 62. LIBYA LIBYALYA The second invitation to hold the Games in Tokyo 2. ALB.A.NIA ALBANIA ALB 63. LIECHTENSTEIN LIECHTEN Lie 3. .A.LGERLA A L G E R IA A G R 64. LUXEMBOURG LUXEMBRGLUX 35 The Olympic Flag flies in Tokyo 4. ARGENTINAARGENTINARG 65. MADAGASCAR MADGASCAMAG 5. .A.USTRALIA AUSTRALA AUS 66. MALAYSIA MALAYSIA MAL 6. A U S T R IA A U STRI.A A U T 67. M A LI MALI MLI 7. BAH.\MAS B.A.HAMAS BAH 68. MALTA MALTAMAT OUTLINE OF PREPARATIONS 8. B.A.RBADOS BARBADOS BAD 69. MEXICO MEXICOMEX FOR THE OLYMPIC GAMES 37 Establishment of the Organizing Committee 9. BELGIUMBELGIUMBEL 70. M O N A C O MONACOMON Organization and function of the Organizing Committee 10. B E R M U D A B ER M U D A BER 71. M O N G O L IA M O N G O L IA MGL at the time of Inauguration 11. BOLIVL\BOLIVIABOL 72. M O R O C C O M O R O C C O M R G 39 Reorganization of the Organizing Committee into a legal 12. BRAZILBRAZILBRA 73. NEPAL NEPALNEP 13. BRITISH GUIANA B. GUIANA GUI 74. N E T H E R LA N D S NETHLAND NLD entity 14. BULG.A.RIA BULGARLA. BUL 75. NETHERLANDS H.M. The Emperor as Patron of the Games 15. BURMABURMA BUR ANTILLESNETHANTL NAN Organizational reform of the Organizing Committee 16. CAMBODLA.CAMBODIACAB 76. NEW ZEALAND NZEALAND NZL 40 Olympic Organizing Committee Organizations 17. C A M ER O O N S C A M R O O N S CMR 77. NICARAGUANICARAGA NCG 41 Decision on Games Sites 18. CANAD.A. CANADA CAN 78. NIGER NIGER NGR 43 Olympic Villages 19. CENTRAL .A.FRICA CENTAFCA CAF 79. NIGERIA NIGERIA NGA 20. CEYLON CEYLON CEY 80. NORTHERN Contact with the IOC 21. CHADCHADCHD RHODESIANTHNRHODNRH Decision on number of Sports Events 22. CHILECHILECHI 81. NORTH KORE.\ N. KOREA NKO 44 Decision on the Period of the Games 23. COLOMBI.\COLOMBIACOL 82. NORWAYNORWAY NOR 24.CONGO CONGO CGO 45 Olympic Sports Operation Organizations 83. PAKISTAN PAKISTAN PAK 25. COSTA RICA COSTRICA COS 84. PANAMA PANAMA PAN 26.CUBA CUBA CUB 85. PARAGUAYPARAGUAYPAR 27. CZECHOSLOVAKIACZECHSLVCZS 86. PE R U PERUPER THE ROLE OF THE TOKYO 28. D.A.HOMEY DAHOMEY DAY 87. PHILIPPINESPHILPINSPHI 29. DENMARK DENMARK DEN METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT 46 Preparatory Organization 88. POLAND POLAND POL 30. DOMINICAN Coordination 89. PORTUGAL PORTUGAL FOR REPUBLICDOMINICADOM 90. PUERTO RICO P. RICO PUR Financial assistance to the Organizing Committee 31. ECU.A.DOR ECUADOR ECU 91. RHODESIA RHODESIA RHO Facilities for Visitors from Abroad 32. EL SA LV A D O R SA LV A D O R S.4.L 92. RUMANIA RUMANIARUM 47 Hotel and Housing Service Centre 33. ETHIOPIAETHIOPIAETH 93. SAN MARINO S. MARINO SMA Information Offices 34.FIJI FIJI FIJ 94. SENEGALSENEGALSGL 35. FINL.\NDFINLAND FIN Renovation of the major facilities for the Tokyo Olympic 95. SIERRA LEONE SIELEONE SLE 36. FR,\NCE FRANCEFR.A 96. SOUTH AFRICA S. A FR IC A SAF Games 37. GERMANYGERMANYGER 97. SPA IN SPAIN SPA 48 Additional Services and Facilities 38.GHANA GHANA GHA 98. SU DAN SUDAN SUD 49 Entertainment and Assistance 39. GREAT BRITAIN BRITAIN GBI 99. SURINAM SURINAMSUR 40. GREECEGREECEGRE 100. SWEDEN SWEDEN SWE 41. GUATEMALA GUATEMAL GUT SWITZERLANDSWITZ SWI 42. H.AITIHAITIHAI 101. SYRIASYRIA SYR COOPERATION OF 43. HONDURAS HONDURAS HON 102. TAIWANTWN 44. HONG KONG HONGKONG HOK 103. T A IW A N GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 50 Establishment of a Basis for Cooperation TANGANYIKA TANGYKA TAN 45. HUNGARY HUNGARY HUN 104. Government delegates joining the Organization Coinniittee THAILANDTHAILAND THA 46. ICELANDICELAND ICE 105. Special Legislation and Ordinances for the Olympic 47. INDI.\ INDIAIND 106. T R IN ID A D & TRT Gam es 48. INDONESIA INDONESAINA TOBAGOTRI-TBAG 51 The Grant of Treasury Subsidies and the Free Use of 49.IRAN IRAN IRN 107. TUNISIA TUNISIATUN 50. IRAQ.IRAQIRQ 108. TURKEY TURKEY TUR State Property 51. IRELAND IRELAND IRE 109. U.A.R. U.A.R. UAR Main Government Projects for Preparations for the Tokyo 52. ISRAELISRAEL ISR 110. UGANDA UGANDAUGA O lym pics 53. ITALYITALY ITA 111. URUGUAY URUGUAY URU 54. IVORY COAST IVRCOAST IVC 112. U.S.A. U.S.A.USA 55. JAMAICA JAMAICA JAM 113. U.S.S.R.U.S.S.R.URS 56. JA P A N JAPANJPN 114. V EN E Z U EL A VENEZULA VEN COOPERATION FROM VIET-NAMVIET-NAM VET 57.JORDAN JORDAN JOR 115. PARTICIPATING PREFECTURES 54 Saitama Prefecture 58. KENYA KENYA 116. WEST INDIES W. INDIES WID KEN Kanagawa Prefecture 59. KOREAKOREAKOR 117. YUGOSLAVIAYUGOSLAVYUS 60. LEBANONLEBANON LEB 55 Yokohama City 61. LIBERIALIBERIA LBR Cooperation by Nagano Prefecture
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 56 Chiba Prefecture 117 Komazawa Olympic Park 118 National Stadium 120 Prince Chichibu Memorial Football Field THE OVERALL BEDGET AND Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium ITS FINANCING 61 121 Tokyo Metropolitan Indoor Swimming Pool 62 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure by the Organizing National Gymnasium Committee for the Games of the XVIII Olympiad 124 National Gymnasium Annex 63 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure of the Olympic Shibuya Public Hall Fund Raising Association Komazawa Stadium (Track and Field) 65 Direct expenditures for staging the Olympic Games 125 Komazawa Gymnasium 66 Related expenditures for preparing the Olympic Games 126 Komazawa Volley-ball Court Komazawa First Hockey Field 127 Komazawa Second Hockey Field ITEMS MADE AVAILABLE FOR Komazawa Third Hockey Field USE OF THE ORGANIZING Waseda University Memorial Hall COMMITTEE AND DONATIONS 128 Korakuen Ice Palace IN K IN D 67 Contributions in kind 129 Nippon Budokan Hall 71 Items loaned without compensation 130 Toda Rowing Course 131 Lake Sagami 132 Hachioji Velodrome FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND 133 Hachioji Cycling Road Race Course 77 PROTOCOL Contact with the International Olympic Committee Omiya Football Field Liaison with the National Olympic Committees Mitsuzawa Football Field 78 Contact with the International Sport Federations 134 Asaka-Nezu Park (Modern Pentathlon) 79 The official Invitation to the Games Tokyo University’s Kemigawa Combined Athletic Grounds 80 The Question of GANEFO Equestrian Park 83 Visits by Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress of 136 Karuizawa Equestrian Venue Ja p a n 137 Asaka-Nezu Park (Rifle) 85 Receptions given by President of Organizing Committee 138 Tokorozawa Clay Pigeon Shooting Range Receptions given by President of Japanese Olympic 139 Yokohama Cultural Gymnasium Committee and Governor of Tokyo Metropolitan Fnoshima Yacht Harbour G overnm ent 140 Marathon and Walking Race Courses 86 Table showing numbers of seats reserved at each sports venue A ttachés OVERALL SPORTS 90 Identity Cards PREPARATIONS 165 General Programmes of the Games 91 Number of ID cards issued 168 Entries Validity of ID cards by classification 172 Programming Daily Events 93 Provision for the Officials’ Living Quarters 173 Appointing and Organization of Officials 94 The Haneda Reception Office 174 Number of officials by countries (athlete delegation) 97 The 62nd General Session of the International Olympic 175 Number of Japanese referees and officials during the Tokyo C om m ittee Gam es 99 List of delegates to the 62nd IOC General Session 176 Sport Equipment 102 International Congress of Sport Sciences Preparation of the Sports Time-Pieces 103 International Congress of Sport Sciences Time-Table 177 Operation of the Sports Time-Pieces 104 The General Meetings and Other Conferences of the 181 List of Sports Equipment Used International Sport Federations 186 Basis of Time-Pieces Used in the Sport Administration 105 International Sport Federations—List of Conferences and 187 Score-indicating Apparatus General Meetings 189 Photo-finish apparatus 106 Interpreters 190 Training Venues 107 Allocation of interpreters drawn from general public 192 Table of Record Indicators (including devices connected to gauges) 194 Use of Training Venues GAMES SITES, \ ILLAGES AND 200 Use of Training Grounds OTHER FACILITIES 113 210 National Entries 115 Sports venues used for Tokyo Olympic Games 212 Numbers of competitors by sports by country for the 116 Meiji Olympic Park Tokyo Games
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 216 Countries’ participation in ball-games 320 List of Various Entertainment provided 320 Entertainment provided at the Women’s Village 323 Operation of Detached Villages OLYMPIC CEREMONIES 221 Opening and Closing Ceremonies 223 Order of the Programme of the Opening Ceremony for the Games of the XVIII Olympiad PUBLICITY 353 Publication and Distribution of Official Posters Order of the Programme of the Closing Ceremony for the Printed Matters and Periodicals Games of the XVIII Olympiad 354 Pamphlets and Publicity Material issued 228 Victory Ceremonies 355 Other Public Relations 229 National Anthems Films National Flags Olympic Public Relations at Local Gatherings 231 Detailed Account of the Order of the Opening Ceremony Publication of “Results of the Games of the XVIII for the Games of the XVIII Olympiad Olympiad Tokyo 1964” 232 Detailed Account of the Order of the Closing Ceremony 356 Information Service for the Games of the XVIII Olympiad 233 Musical Scores used during Ceremonies Fanfare of the Tokyo Games PRESS 361 Allocation of ID Cards Tokyo Olympic Hymn (A) 363 Specific Assignment Cards 235 Tokyo Olympic Hymn (B) 364 Provision of Seats for Reporters, Broadcasters, and Olympic Hymn C am eram en 237 Olympic March 367 Use of the Elevating Camera Stand 239 Olympic Overture The Press Centre 240 Score of Electronic Music Sub-Press Centres 368 The Press House THE OLYMPIC TORCH RELAY 245 Activity of Domestic and Foreign Photo Poolers 246 The Actual Ivelay Route Programme 370 Organization of International Photo Pool 247 The Actual Relay 371 Air Photographs 249 The Olympic Torch Relay in Japan Quick Reporting of Records by TV 372 The Application of the IBM Electronic Computing System 374 Service of Press Workroom ART EXHIBITIONS 269 Art Exhibitions on a New Plan Application of Teletype 270 Old Art Treasures 375 Cooperation of Ricoh Printer 272 A Variety of Programmes
RADIO AND TELEVISION OLYMPIC VILLAGE 281 Olympic Village Preparations BROADCASTING 381 Preparations 286 Facilities and billet assignment Broadcasting Rights and Contracts 287 Commodities placed in each Room 383 Programming 288 List of Main Supplies 384 Domestic Private Broadcasting 289 List of Commodities & Services received Gratis in Olympic 385 Foreign Broadcasting Organizations V illage 386 Filming by Foreign Broadcasting Organizations 292 General Condition and Operation of Yoyogi Olympic 387 Film Programmes for Asia V illage Programme for Okinawa 297 Order of Admission to Olympic Village of Teams Other Facilities 304 Admissions to Olympic Villages by Country 388 Broadcasting Facilities 307 Women’s Quarters 389 V enues List of Persons permitted to enter Women’s Quarters Newly Developed Equipment 308 Equestrian Park annex Space Relaying 309 Maintenance of village facilities and service 311 Food service 312 Dining Room Allocation List COMMUNICATIONS 392 Communication Service in Tokyo 314 Menus used at Olympic Village 394 Preparation of Communication Services 315 List of raw materials used Actual Communication Facilities Used 318 Dining Room Utensils used 395 Operation and Use of Communications Kitchen utensils used in Olympic Village Use of Telephones at Olympic Installations 319 Other facilities 397 International Communications used during Tokyo Olym Miscellaneous articles and utensils used in Olympic Village pic Gam es
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library m ÿm rnm m m m
398 Number of subscribed telephones TRANSPORTATION 449 Special Committee Number of terminals equipped for the leased lines 449 Transportation to Games Facilities 399 Location of telephones provided at Games sites 455 Transportation of boats, yachts, canoes and horses 400 Number of cables for the leased lines used for Data- Customs Clearance and Quarantine processing system Terminal equipment used for Data-processing system SECURITY AND TRAFFIC CONTROL 461 O utline Organization of Security and Traffic Control T IC K E T S 405 Preparation 462 Police Control on the roads for the Olympic Torch Relay Outline of “Basic principles for admission tickets” Police and Traffic Control on the Days of Opening and 406 Preparation of Admission Charge Table Closing Ceremonies at the National Stadium 407 Allocation of Number of Seats of Each Class at Each Site 464 Police and Traffic Control in and around the Games Sites 408 Sales Organization of Tickets 465 Police and Traffic Control on Road Games Ticket Allocation 466 Guard and Traffic Control Around the Olympic Village 410 Sale of Admission Tickets Police and Traffic Control at the training venues 411 General admission tickets Transportation of Athletes, Officials and Others 413 Ticket Design and Printing 467 Parking Holding, Delivering and Receiving of Tickets 468 Supplies Materials Used 414 Overall Ticket Control 415 Conclusions 416 Progress plan by years for ticket sales GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE 417 Prices of Tokyo Olympic Games Tickets AFFAIRS 473 Designs used for the Games of the XVIII Olympiad, 418 Sales of Admission Tickets classified by Sports T okyo Sales of Admission Tickets classified by Countries Badges 419 Sales amount classified by each Admission Tickets World Youth Camp 436 Tickets and amounts involved in Six scheduled Games 474 Life Insurance for the Participating Teams in the Tokyo events cancelled G am es 437 Number of Admissions to each sports venue 438 Oversea’s Official Ticket Agencies PERSONNEL 475 Organization of the Secretariat for the Tokyo Olympic Games and Placement of Personnel 475 Recruitment and Discharge of Staff ADMINISTRATION OF THE 476 Posting of Personnel during the Tokyo Olympic Games OLYMPIC GAMES VENUES 441 Planning and Programming for the Administration of the Discharge of Secretariat Personnel Olympic Games Sites 477 Number of personnel assigned to the headquarters and The Background of the Administrative Activities each venue administration offices at the time of the Development in Basic Administration Procedure G ames Fundamental Policy on the Site Administration 478 Number of personnel assigned to each Section and Division Organization of Administration of the Secretariat Headquarters 442 The Decision on Gate-Opening Time 443 Issuance of Free Passes Personnel Programme DOCUMENTARY FILM Work Hours for Ticket Examiners and Field Operators PRODUCTION 479 Tokyo International Sports Week Communication Facilities Increase in Lighting Installation O peratio ns 480 Camera Positions for Indoor Events 446 Leasing Arrangement for Games Sites Olympic Documentary Film Committee Prevention of Accidents Public Subscription for the Title of the Film Numbers of supervisory personnel attached to each sports E quipm ent venue 481 Olympic Torch Relay 447 Establishment of Sales Stands in the Games Sites 482 List of Film Footage Taken C leaning Shooting Staff Exchange Service 483 E diting Special technical or emergency personnel attached to International Edition various sports venues 484 Distribution in Japan 448 Ambulances and emergency equipment vehicles placed at For Educational Institutions each stadium International Distribution
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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library K tt a i i i k iiii
MEDICAL AND SANITATION SERVICES 485 Summary of Activities Organization of Medical and Sanitation Services Medical Services 488 Number of cases treated at Yoyogi Olympic Village H ospital 490 Number of patients treated at first-aid clinics of sports venues Number of patients treated at clinics of Detached Olympic V illages 493 Activities on Sanitation and Prevention of Epidemics Inspections maintained at pools and other facilities
COOPERATION OF THE JAPAN SELF DEFENCE FORCES 495 The Ground Self Defence Force 499 The Maritime Self Defence Force Air Self Defence Force
POLICE ASSISTANCE 509 Organization of the police activities Police activities for the torch relay within Japan Police activities during the Tokyo Olympic Games
AUXILIARY ASSISTANCE BY THE FIRE SERVICES 513 Liaison and Cooperation between Fire Services Fire Prevention 514 Prior Inspection of Related Facilities Guarding Structure Performance of Inspection and Guarding Services 516 Allocation of Fire Detachment Personnel to various sports sites
LOOKING BACK 529
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE TOKYO OLYMPIC GAMES 531
NAME LIST OF ALL PARTICIPATING ATHLETES OF THE TOKYO OLYMPIC GAMES 535
COMPARISON OF AVERAGE HEIGHT AND WEIGHT OF ALL PARTICIPATING ATHLETES FOR EACH SPORT OF THE ROME AND TOKYO OLYMPIC GAMES 631
COMPARISON OF AVERAGE HEIGHT AND WEIGHT OF WINNERS FOR EACH SPORTS OF THE ROME AND TOKYO OLYMPIC GAMES 635
Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library H. M. The Emperor of Japan proclaiming open the Tokyo Olympic Games Playing the fanfare at the Opening Ceremony
Address of welcome by Mr. Daigoro Yasukawa, President of the Organizing Committee Facing the Royal Box, Takashi Ono takes the Olympic Oath on behalf of all participating athletes
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The embroidered satin Olympic commemorative flag presented by the Belgian Olympic Committee, brought into the stadium flanked by a drum band of primary school children, is accepted by the IOC President from the Mayor of Rome and passed to the Governor of Tokyo
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12,000 brightly coloured balloons were released from the stands simultaneously as the third salute sounded
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As the Olympic Oath is taken on behalf of the participating athletes, 8,000 pigeons were released in the stadium and the words Faster, Higher, Stronger (CITIUS-ALTIUS-FORTIUS) appeared on the electronic bulletin board
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(Right) The five jet planes salute over the Main Stadium
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The Japanese team entering the stadium as seen from the back stand
The German team makes its entrance
The team from USA rounds the first corner
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Entrance tickets in hand, people from countries all over ■■■, , 4 ^ ^ , the world at one of the entrances of the Main Stadium
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The four Olympic torches of the Sacred Olympic Fire which had been taken on separate course relays throughout »-w- ..i-i=5!im P!H ^ppiP^lJ Japan were united again on the evening of the 9th October on the Plaza in front of the Imperial Palace :^i-ï===T=î-f=r‘-=r-^-'^^ .11*, . - - ’p - - * M ^ r '^ " 'i . . i ! - « a ^ ' 'ft- '
The Main Stadium and surrounding area during the Opening Ceremony
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The torch passing along Aoyama-Dori approaching the Outer Gardens The torch on its final run beine carried out of the Imperial Palace grounds by the first runner in lokyo
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r • ..- •'?.-;:^ *ÎW^-. 4-'r: s mm. ft,',.^ ■ f£c iry:-'?:^ S # ^ i l Yoshinori Sakai turnint; the hrst corner m The torch arrives at the Main Stadium and is relayed to the hnal runner after making his entrance into the Main Stadium mpmim'r Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library j i m i i i >/ ■■■ ' 'W' ■■ \ € 3 * V s H p g ia : - ", 3.3:-- ïM HiX WW' 3 a .a , *t, % COSWRICA!COLOMBIA| CHAD CANpUBODÏÂIBULGARIABiB R A Z IL B ER M U D A I ,1 7 ■; t ! V /’ '7 7 y yi/ a. — $ AUSTRIA ARGENTINA AM>r / / i / t y r y , liiiiiliÉi ith pride and confidence, he mounts the 163 steps to the cauldron Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library -.■■/ ', ■ THE BRINGING OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES TO TOKYO . V - Invitation to stage the Games in Tokyo On the 26th May 1959, at the 55th General Ses sion of the International Olympic Committee, held 1 in Munich, it was decided that the Games of the XVIII Olympiad would be held in Tokyo in 1964. This decision came some 30 years after Tokyo had commenced its preparations to be designated the city to host the Games of the XII Olympiad, this first invitation which Tokyo later found expedient to withdraw in view of the unfavourable internal conditions prevailing in Japan as the time drew near in 1938. A brief historical account of the period prior to the acceptance of Tokyo as the host city of the Games of the XVIII Olympiad 1964 is Hidejiro Nagata Tadaoki Yamamoto given hereunder. The period prior to the decision to hold the Games of the XII candidature for the 1940 Games, withdrew its ap Olympiad in Tokyo plication, thus leaving only two cities, Tokyo and The first page of this history began in June 1930 Helsinki as candidates to host the 1940 Games. On with a suggestion to the mayor (then Hidejiro Na- July 31st, 1936 when the voting took jtlace, Tokyo gata) at the Tokyo Municipal Office as the all received 36 votes to the 27 for Helsinki, and thus Japan Students Team left for the World Students Tokyo attained the honour of being named the host Athletic Championship Meet in Darmstadt, Ger city for the 1940 Games of the XII Olympiad. § . many. It was suggested by Dr. Tadaoki Yamamoto that 1940 would be an opportune time for Tokyo to host the Olympic Games. On 28 October 1931, the Tokyo Municipal Assembly approved a resolu tion to invite the Olympic Games to Tokyo, and an executive committee to make the necessary applica tions was appointed in July 1932 within the Munici pal Assembly. In the autumn of 1933, Dr. Seiichi Kishi, a man 52 days after leaving Olympia on 21st August, the Sacred Olympic Fire is lit in the Main Stadium in Tokyo. who had devoted much effort to have the Olympic As the final runner touched his torch over the cauldron, a flash of golden flame responded to mark the opening of Games brought to Tokyo, passed away. He, and the Games of the XVIII Olympiad,Tokyo 1964 Mr. Jigoro Kano, who was the Japan IOC member, had been the main pillars of the invitation cam paign. Dr. Yotaro Sugimura, who had been in the Japanese Diplomatic Service, and Count Michimasa Soejima were that year elected members of the IOC. At the 35th IOC General Session held in Berlin, Seiichi Kishi .ji.goro Kano London which had earlier that year announced its Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 35 Following the announcement of the cancellation Considerable care was taken in completing the both IOC members, were present at the 53rd IOC of Tokyo’s invitation to host the XII Olympic questionnaire required by the International Olym General Session in Melbourne, the site for the Games, the then Organizing Committee began to pic Committee, and discussions were conducted with Games of the XVI Olympiad. At the same time, finalize all pending matters and on 18th November leaders in Tokyo, the Metropolitan Assembly, the a Japanese delegation for the invitation of the 1938 it was declared dissolved. Japan Amateur Athletic Association, and the Min Olympic Games was in Melbourne, headed by Mr. istry of Education as to how the various questions Seiichiro Yasui, the then Governor of Tokyo. On The second invitation to hold the should be answered. The completed questionnaire 22nd November, the Session declared that the 54th Games in Tokyo was returned to the International Olympic Commit General Session should be opened in Tokyo. This The Games of the XIV Olympiad, the first after tee in English on 23 February 1955 and a French was one important step forward for Tokyo. World War II, were opened in London in 1948. version was completed on 26 February. On his way back from the XVI Olympic Games On that occasion, however, Japan did not par In April 1955, Mr. Avery Brundage, President of in Melbourne, Mr. Erik von Frenckell passed ticipate. the International Olympic Committee visited Japan through Tokyo and offered much constructive ad The Japan Amateur Sports Association and other and made an inspection of the facilities which vice. He had been the President of the Organizing interested parties exerted strenuous efforts for Tokyo could offer for the holding of the Olympic Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad, and Yotaro Sugimura Michimasa Soejima Japan to again be permitted to participate in the Games, and the officials handling the initial pre was a strong supporter in Melbourne for Tokyo’s Olympic Games. Thanks to the kind support ex parations for Tokyo’s selection as a host city were selection for the 54th General Session. Gradually, tended by Mr. Edstrom, the President, and Mr. most grateful to benefit by the advice and opinions as preparations progressed, the concept of Tokyo Avery Brundage, the Vice-President of IOC, the which Mr. Brundage was pleased to express at that as the site of the Olympic Games, gained weight in The decision withdraw acceptance of Japan’s National Olympic Committee time. Japan and the sponsorship locally took on more a in the IOC was confirmed at its General Session On 16th June 1955 in the course of the IOC Gen national character as the population began to give The Organizing Committee for the Games of the held in Copenhagen in 1950. At the same meeting eral Session held in Paris, the city of Rome was active support. XII Olympiad was set up on 19th December 1936 Dr. Ryotaro Azuma, the President of the Japan named the site for the XVII Olympiad. It had A special committee of the Prime Minister’s Of headed by Prince Tokugawa, and preparations be Amateur Sports Association, was appointed a mem previously been unofficially suggested in Tokyo, that fice, submitted a report to the Prime Minister on gan to take shape. In July 1937 Japan became in ber of the IOC replacing Mr. Matsuzo Nagai who in the event that Tokyo was not selected to host the the subject of preparations and coordination for the volved in the Sino-Japanese incident, and on 16th had been Secretary-General of the Organizing Com 1960 Games, that efforts should be made to have Olympic Games. This report recommended that a July 1938 at the 28th Session of the Organizing mittee for the XII Olympiad. the 54th IOC Session held in Tokyo. It was thought committee be formed to specifically handle the pre Committee, it was decided that these conditions In May 1952, Tokyo announced its intention, that if this General Session, which was scheduled liminary arrangements for the proposed Tokyo made it no longer feasible to successfully conclude both at home and abroad, to invite the Olympic for 1958, could be held in Tokyo the year when Olympic Games. any Olympic Games in Tokyo at that time. This Games to Tokyo, and this announcement was given the Third Asian Games were being held in that At the Cabinet meeting of October 4, 1957, it decision followed an official announcement to that the approval of the Tokyo Municipal Assembly, by city, it would be an excellent time to acquaint the was acknowledged that the Japanese Government effect made by the then Vice Minister of Welfare, an unanimous resolution supporting the invitation. members of the IOC with Tokyo’s ability to manage should encourage the invitation of the Games of Mr. Hisatada Hirose on 15th July 1938. In this same year, the Games of the XV Olym an Olympic Games. No decision was made how the XVIII Olympiad to Tokyo, and on October 15, piad were held in Helsinki, the capital of Finland, ever, at the IOC Session in Paris as to where the a round-table conference on arrangements for the and Japanese athletes were included in the events 54th General Session would be held. This decision sponsorship was held under the auspices of Mr. for the first time since the war. On July 2, the was deferred until the next Session to be held in To Matsunaga, the Minister of Education at that official invitation to host the Games in Tokyo was M elbourne. time, and subsequently a member of the Organizing submitted by Tokyo to the secretariat of the Inter Committee. On 22nd January 1958, the Tokyo national Olympic Committee, and active prelimi Olympic Preparatory Committee was established, nary preparations to have Tokyo accepted were The Olympic Flag flies in Tokyo and consisted of representatives of financial circles, com m enced. On 10th October 1955, the Tokyo Metropolitan the press, men of learning and experience, and other On 7th March 1953, Japan’s House of Represen Assembly unanimously passed a resolution again to interested persons, with the Tokyo Metropolitan tatives carried a resolution approving the hosting of invite the Olympic Games, this time the Games of Government and the Japan Amateur Sports As the Games of the Olympiad by Tokyo, and in 1954, the XVIII Olympiad, to Tokyo. sociation forming the nucleus. The main business the Metropolitan Assembly (the re-named Munici In December of that year. Dr. Karl Diem, who of the Preparatory Committee was to prepare a pal Assembly) adopted a resolution to present to was Secretary General of the Organizing Commit reply to the questionnaire sent by the IOC Secre the National Diet and to the Government its opini tee for the Games of the XI Olympiad in Berlin, tariat to Tokyo as one of the candidate cities. The on and petition concerning the construction of na visited Japan, and during his visit gave much useful working group of the Preparatory Committee was tional stadiums to be used as sports venues should advice from his experience in Olympic matters. made up of an executive committee and various the Olympic Games be given in Tokyo. Dr. Ryotaro Azuma and Mr. Shingoro Takaishi, secretariate and technical divisions. Half a year Torataro Ushlzuka Prince Tokugawa Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ï f j ^ ■ > OUTLINE OF PREPARATIONS FOR THE OLYMPIC GAMES (The Function of the Organizing Committee) Establishment of the Organizing Com presentatives Shunichi Suzuki, Vice-Governor of Tokyo mittee Shingoro Takaishi, Member of the IOC Michiharu Uchida, Speaker of the Tokyo Metro With the decision on 26th May 1959 that Tokyo politan Assembly was to be the site of the Games of the XVIII Olym Iwataro Uchiyama, Governor of Kanagawa Prefec piad, (made at the 55th Session of the International ture Olympic Committee (IOC) in Munich, Germany), Shuichi Yanagita, Member of the House of Coun A scene of the rejoicing at the choice Ryotaro Azuma speaking at the 55th IOC General Session cillors of Tokyo for the site of the Games of the Japanese Olympic Committee (JOC) took steps Ken Yasui, Member of the House of Councillors the XVIII Olympiad to form a Tokyo Olympic Organizing Committee in was sjtent for the pre]3aration of the Preparatory accordance with the Olympic Charter. All func The following three persons were appointed audi tions and powers concerning the operation of the tors of the Organizing Committee:— Coimnittee’s reply to the six headings of the ques Olympic Games so entrusted by the IOC were re tionnaire, each of which had been studied, drafted, assigned from that date to this Organizing Com Takeyoshi Hori, President of the Tokyo Bankers Association examined, and corrected by experts. The drafts mittee. Tetsuzo Ohta, President of the Japan Certified were sent to the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, The Tokyo Olympic Games Preparatory Com Public Accountants Association printed in book form, and distributed among the mittee which had performed a most useful function Takeshi Sakurada in preparing the invitation for the Olympic Games members of IOC, ISF, NOG, and others. At this meeting, Juichi Tsushima was unanimous was disbanded on llth June 1959, it having com The long-awaited 54th IOC General Session was ly elected President. The President then nominated pleted the work for which it had been formed. held on 13th May 1958, in the NHK Hall in Tokyo, Seiichiro Yasui and Tsuneyoshi Takeda as Vice- The Inaugural Meeting of the Organizing Com President, and Masaji Tabata as Secretary Gen in the gracious presence of His Majesty the Em mittee was held at the Prince Hotel in Akasaka, eral, and these appointments were unanimously peror of Japan who declared the meeting open. Tokyo, on 30th September of the same year. approved. On the morning of the same day, Mr. Seiichiro The members of the Organizing Committee at The office of the Organizing Committee was Yasui, the Governor of Tokyo and Dr. Ryotaro the time of its inauguration were twenty-five, and established at the Kishi Memorial Hall, whose ad the list appeared as follows:— Azuma, the President of the Japan Amateur Sports President Brundage offers congratulations to Shingoro dress at that time was 5, 4-chome, Surugadai, Kan- Takaishi at Tokyo being chosen to host the Games of the Association, called on Mr. Avery Brundage, the da, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo. XVIII Olympiad Juichi Tsushima, President of the Japan Amateur President of IOC, at his hotel, and handed him Sports Association and President of the Japanese Tokyo’s official invitation to be named the host city Olympic Committee (JOC) Seiichiro Yasui Organization and Function of the of the Games of the XVIII Olympiad in 1964. Tsuneyoshi Takeda, Standing member of the JOC In April 1959, the term of office of Governor Masaji Tabata, Secretary General of the JOC Organizing Committee at the time Tadashi Adachi, President of the Japan Chamber Yasui expired, and Dr. Azuma was elected Gov of Commerce and Industry of Inauguration ernor of Tokyo. Now not only as an IOC member, Inejiro Asanuma Organization As soon as it was officially formed, Ryotaro Azuma, Governor of Tokyo and Member the Organizing Committee established a General but also as the governmental head of the city which of the IOC Affairs Committee to prepare and define the basic desired to host the Games of the XVIII Olympiad, Tokuyasu Fukuda, Director General of the Prime Minister’s Office plan for the Tokyo Olympic Games operation, and the new Governor was in an ideal position to pro Kenji Fukunaga, President of the Saitama Prefec- at the same time created special committees on mote interest in the invitational programming. On tural Amateur Sports Association Sports Technique, Facilities, Press and Public In Chikao Honda, President of the Japan Newspaper 18th May, the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly passed Publishers and Editors Association formation, Transportation and Communications, a renewed resolution to invite the XVIII Olympic Taizo Ishizaka, President of the Federation of Eco each to work out specific plans in concrete terms nomic Organizations Games to Tokyo. covering their own specialized and technical fields. Yoshio Kato, Member of the Tokyo Metropolitan On May 26, at the 55th IOC General Session Assembly Establishment of the Organizing Committee Secre in Munich, West Germany, votes were cast to Ichiro Kitada, Vice Speaker of the Tokyo Metro politan Assembly tariat At the second meeting of the Organizing decide the site for the XVIII Olympiad. Out of Takechiyo Matsuda, Minister of Education Committee held on 19th October 1959, the Organiz To Matsunaga 56 votes Tokyo polled 34, leading Detroit, Vienna, ing Committee adopted regulations to guide the Umekichi Nakamura, Member of the House of Re and Brussels by a wide margin. It was thus that presentatives organization of the Secretariat. The Secretariat Tokyo was given the honour of being named the Hideo Nomura, President of the Japan Broadcasting office established at the Kishi Memorial Hall, 5, Corporation 4-chome, Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, host to the Games of the XVIII Olympiad, and the The arch erected at the Tokyo Headquarters of the Japan Tomejiro Okubo, Member of the House of Repre was composed of five divisions, namely General Amateur Sports Association after the announcement of sentatives '' five-ring Olympic flag flew symbolically over Tokyo Tokyo being chosen as Host City Toshiharu Shigemori, Member of the House of Re Affairs; Finance; Public Relations; Sports Tech- from that day until October 24, 1964. Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 38 111 nique and Facilities, and Disbursements. Appoint mounted a large number of problems of varying ment of personnel was commenced on 1st Novem degrees of complexity, at the same time maintain ber. ing liaison on all relative matters with the IOC, the various International Sports and other related Business of the Organizing Coniinittee T h e ac Organizations. tivities which would be required of the Organizing Committee, were by its nature, very wide, viz:— Establishment of the Olympic Fund Raising Associ • It deliberated on the number of sporting events ation In order to facilitate the gathering of the to be conducted and on the programming of necessary funds for the Tokyo Olympic Games, the the Games, adopting general principles on the Organizing Committee established a Fund Raising Games sites and the Olympic Village, making Committee on 28th April 1960 to first, study ways preparations for the holding of various events and means of procuring funds, and secondly, to act including the ceremonies and the torch relay; as receiver for these moneys. At the 12th meeting • handled the reception of particijsants; held on 14th October 1960, the Organizing Com When the Organizing Committee was officially registered as a juridical person the Headquarters were moved to the former Akasaka Detached Palace • engaged in public information activities and mittee approved the general articles of association press services; of the Tokyo Olympic Fund Raising Association, • made necessary preparations for radio and as a juridical person, and opened the inaugural Reorganization of the Organizing built Kishi Memorial Hall at Yoyogi. The Press television broadcasts, and engaged in the pro meeting of promoters of the fund raising association Division was transferred directly to the Press Cen duction and distribution of a documentary film on 16th December, and made application for the Committee into a legal entity tre, and the Olympic Village Division had already of the Games; approval of the Minister of Education for the offi The most significant change affecting the Organiz moved to the Olympic Village. • issued tickets; and cial sanction of the association and this was received ing Committee during fiscal 1961 was its reorganiza • as well handled matters concerning communi on 28th December. tion from an unregistered organization with no legal cations; traffic; transportation; security; medi The business of the Organizing Committee had by status to a legal entity—a juridical Foundation. H. M. The Emperor as Patron of the cal and hygienic facilities. this time become wider in scope and the organiza On 8th June 1961, a measure (Law No. 138 of Games tion of the Committee and its Secretariat was en 1961) relating to the preparations for the Tokyo On 28th May 1962, the Organizing Committee The details which each activity involved, made the larged to properly handle its increased functions. Olympic Cames was enacted by the 38th session opened its 29th meeting and unanimously resolved overall ojjeration one of considerable size. Several changes were made in the actual Committee of the National Diet. This gave legal support to to enquire if H. M. The Emperor of Japan would The Organizing Committee successfully sur mem bers. the State’s cooperation in the preparations for and be graciously pleased to act as Patron of the Games. the holding of the Tokyo Olympic Cames. At the With His Majesty’s informal sanction on the m at same time regulations relative to the application of ter obtained, the organization of the Organizing the Law were brought into effect on 1st July 1961. Committee found itself on a stronger setting. The original Kishi Memorial Hall which was the first site of the Organizing Committee These regulations authorized the making available of State property such as sports facilities for use in connection with the Cames. Organizational reform of the Organ In order to avail itself of the privileges provided izing Committee by these legal measures, the Organizing committee, On 19th January 1962, Mr. Seiichiro Yasui, Vice- at its 20th meeting held on 19th June, decided to President of the Organizing Committee, passed reorganize itself into a legal Foundation, and ob away. tained the relevant approval of the Minister of From 24th August to 4th September of that year, Education on 1st July. On 1st October, the office the 4th Asian Games were held in Djakarta, capital of the Organizing Committee was moved to the site of Indonesia. This meeting was marred by con of the former Akasaka Detached Palace at 1, 1- siderations of a political nature. chome, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, and the office On 3rd October, Juichi Tsushima and Masaji staff was increased. Tabata, President and Secretary General respective At the 27th meeting of the Organizing Commit ly, of the Organizing Committee, resigned. Mr. tee in March 1962, the structural expansion of the Tsushima, also resigned from his posts of President Secretariat was approved on a wider scale. This of the Japan Amateur Sports Association and Pre I P Secretariat consisting of five divisions (Administra sident of the Japanese Olympic Committee. Mr. tion, Finance, Public Information, Sports Technique Tabata, resigned also from the post of Secretary and Facilities), and a Disbursement Section, was General of the Japanese Olympic Committee but reorganized to have nine divisions and two sections, remained as a member of the Organizing Com adding a Planning Section, and the Foreign Affairs, m ittee. Ticket, Transportation and Communications, and Vice-President Tsuneyoshi Takeda also tendered Olympic Village Divisions. his resignation, but the Organizing Committee, in On 15th July 1964, when the Olympic Cames defering their decision on his resignation, asked him were now very near, the main part of the Secretariat instead to stay on as Acting President and Acting of the Organizing Committee moved to the newly Secretary General. At the same time a subcom- Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library T] 4 / June 1960, the Organizing Committee confirmed mittee was created to study a structural reform of (ii) Mr. Shigeru Yosano was given a seat on the Decision on Games Sites the organization with the object of selecting a Organizing Committee, and his appointment as the use of the Toda Rowing Course on the condition The Organizing Committee, at its second meeting President and a Secretary General and of strength Secretary General was approved unanimously. that no local commercial motor boat races would on 19th October 1959, created a Special Committee enmg the Committee itseli. Selection of new President As its 38th meeting be conducted there. In the meantime Lake Sagami on Sports Facilities to handle matters regarding On 15th October, Vice-President Takeda as held on 7th February 1963, the Organizing Com in Kanagawa Prefecture was suggested as a possible decisions on Games sites, and at its third plenary sumed the Presidency of the Japanese Olympic mittee commissioned Mr. Daigoro Yasukawa to sit site for the rowing events. The decision however, meeting approved the general principles to be fol C om m ittee. on the Committee, and unanimously elected him to use the Toda Rowing Course was upheld. Work lowed. Selection of a new Secretary General At the President of the Committee. on expansion and improvement of the course was Inasmuch however as each Games site and its 34th meeting held on 2nd November 1962, the Selection of three Vice-Presidents At the meet started on 21st December 1962 and completed on construction is described in detail in other sections Organizing Committee approved the following ing of 7th June of that year, the Organizing Com 2nd September 1964. of this report, the subject is treated here in brief m otions: mittee resolved to elect three Vice-Presidents, and With regard to yachting, Japan at the Munich reference only. (i) To assist Acting President Takeda, a Standing on the 18th of the same month elected Messrs. Ryo- session of the IOC in 1959, in answer to a question, When Tokyo submitted its candidacy as the site Committee was to be a])pointed from among mem taro Azuma, Tsimeyoshi Takeda and Shigeki Ta- stated that yachting would take place in the port of the XVIII Olympiad, it had been decided that bers of the Ore'anizinfr Committee. shiro as Vice-Presidents. of Yokohama. Later however, as the inadequacy the opening and closing ceremonies and field and of this port for yachting became apparent, the track events would take place at the National Stadi Organizing Committee, at its 8th meeting, decided OLYMPIC ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ORGANIZATION (as at 1 October 1964) um in the Outer Gardens of the Meiji Shrine, which that yachting events would be held on Sagami Bay, site was to become the main stadium of the Tokyo just off Enoshima Island in Kanagawa Prefecture. Yacht Racing Committee Olympic Games. This stadium at that time had a The construction of a suitable yacht harbour on Torch Relay Committee seating capacity of 55,000, and the construction the island was commenced in May 1961. Sports Technique Committee work to increase the capacity to 75,000 was started For swimming, there had been a plan to build Art Exhibition Committee on 27th February 1962 with a budget of ¥1,200 a new swimming pool with a seating capacity of Medical and Hygienic Committee million (US$3,333,333). The work was completed 40,000. The Special Committee on Sports Facili Public Information Committee on 30th June of the following year. ties reported however, that though the building of Press Committee It had also been decided initially, that rowing such a pool would be feasible, it would be too would take place on the Toda Rowing Course in racihties Committee capacious for economical management. The Or Saitama Prefecture. At its ninth meeting on 29th Transportation Committee ganizing Committee, at its meeting of 10th June Traffic and Security Committee International Congress of Sport The present Kishi Memorial Hall where the Organizing Committee had its offices during the Games themselves Sciences Committee General Affairs Committee Coordinating Division Secretaries Administration Division Coordinator Councillors Foreign Affairs Division General Session of the Organizing Finance Division Committee Disbursements Division President Stadium and Ticket Division Vice Secretary^ General Vice President Security and Traffic Division Secretary-Genera Transportation and Communication Division Facilities Division Press and Public formation Division A uditors Honorary Councillors Foreign Press Division Advisory Consultants Sports Technique Division Detached Offices of O.O.C Director, Olympic Village Division Olympic Village Division Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 42 43 1960, decided then that the swiimning pool would added on 2nd August 1963. Olympic Villages Tokyo as the site for the Games of the XVIII have a seating capacity of 25,000. It was decided Hockey—The auxiliary track of Komazawa Olympiad, to the 6th October when the 62nd Gen also that a National Gynmasiuin and annex should Olympic Park was added on 27th December 1962. The original plan was to build the main Olympic eral Session was opened just before the opening of be built on Washington Heights in Yoyogi, Tokyo, Games sites which were altered: Village for competitors in the area known as the the Tokyo Olympic Games, the IOC held six gen an area which was at that time requisitioned by Cycling—The 21km course in Hachioji City for “US Forces’ Camp Drake” in Asaka, Saitama Pre eral sessions as follows:— the US Forces. At its 13th meeting held on 7th Cycling Road Race was extended to 36km on 28th fecture, and this plan was confirmed at the 13th December of that year, the Organizing Committee March 1963, for the team pursuit race. meeting of the Organizing Committee held on 7th 56th General Session at San Francisco, 12—17 resolved that a request for the return of the con Equestrian Sports—At the 36th plenary meeting December 1960. The basic plan for the Asaka February 1960 struction site should be filed without delay. of the Organizing Committee it was decided that Olympic Village was decided at the plenary meeting 57th General Session in Rome, 20-23 August 1960 This construction site was returned to the Japa the Three-Day Events would be held at Karuizawa of the Organizing Committee held on 8th February 58th General Session in Athens, 19-21 June 1961 59th General Session in Moscow, 5-7 June 1962 nese Government by the US Forces on 30th Novem in Nagano Prefecture. 1961. 60th General Session in Baden-Baden, 17-20 ber 1962, in advance of the return of the adjoining Negotiations for the return of the prospective Boxing—The use of the Korakuen Ice Palace October 1963 site for the Olympic Village, and the construction site for the Olympic Village were conducted be was decided on 2nd August 1963. 61st General Session in Innsbruck, 25-28 January tween the Japanese Government and US Forces of the gymnasium and its annex was commenced Judo—While it had been initially arranged that 1964 on Ist February of the following year and completed the Judo Tournament would take place at the authorities, and the decision from the US Forces To each of these general meetings, the Organizing on 31st August 1964. National Gymnasium after the close of the Swim authorities was reported to the 19th meeting of the Committee sent delegations to report on and ex A t its 15th m eeting, on 8th F eb ru ary 1961 the ming events, the schedule was changed on 2nd Organizing Committee held on 11th May of that plain the progress of the preparations for the Tokyo Organizing Committee selected initially the Games October 1963, and the Judo Tournament was year. The essence of that answer follows: Olympic Games, and submitted the various plans it sites for the follow'ing thirteen events (those marked scheduled in the Nippon Budokan Hall which was As concerns the Asaka area, although temporary had readied. With the apjrroval of the IOC these with one asterisk were subsequently allotted addi now planned to be built. The construction of this use could be permitted during the Tokyo Olympic were put into operation. tional sites, while those marked with two asterisks Budokan Hall was started on 3rd October of the Games, the area would have to be restored to a state Among the wide number of subjects covered by W'ere subsequently either w'holly or materially following year and completed on 3rd October 1964 acceptable to the US Forces within sixty days after these reports to the IOC were important proposals a lte re d ). in time for the opening of the Tokyo Olympic the close of the Games. In addition, in the event concerning the number of sports events to be held Games. of emergency, the use of this area could be with drawn. If, on the other hand, similar housing units and the actual period which the Tokyo Games Games Sites Selected: Other Games Sites: as those at Washington Heights were to be con would cover. Football* National Stadium It was decided at the 29th meeting of the Or structed, at the expense of the Japanese Govern Prince Chichibu Memorial ganizing Committee held on 28th May 1962, that ment, in an area adjacent to the Air Base in Fuchu Football Field the Marathon course would start from the National and Yamato, or in the hydroponic farm in Chofu Decision on number of Sports Events Komazawa Stadium Stadium and run to Tobitakyu (turning point) by City, the whole area of Washington Fleights could Judo as an Olympic sporting event At the 55th Cycling and Road Hachioji Cycling Road way of Shinjuku 3-chome and Koshu Highway and be returned to the Japan. General Session of the IOC, the Japanese delega Race** Race Course return over the same course. This answer raised questions of a nature that tion had affirmed that all of the twenty-one Olynqfic Equestrian Sports On 10th June 1960, a decision was reached that could materially affect the preparations for and sports then in prevalence, would be held during the I'hree-Day Events** Equestrian Park Rifle and Pistol Shooting would take place at the management of the Olympic Games, and the Or Tokyo Games, viz:— Grand Prix Dressage Equestrian Park Asaka Shooting Range, while the site for Clay- ganizing Committee accordingly created a com Athletics; archery; rowing; basket-ball; boxing; Grand Prix Jumping National Stadium Pigeon Shooting was decided on 27th December mittee to study and resolve this matter. cycling; canoeing; fencing; football; gymnastics; Water-Polo* Metropolitan Indoor Swim 1962 to be moved from Asaka Nezu Park to Tokoro- After careful deliberation, the Organizing Com handball; hockey; modern pentathlon; swimming m ing Pool zawa, where a new shooting range was to be con mittee, at its 25th meeting on 23rd October of the and diving; equestrian sports; shooting; volley-ball; Boxing** Meiji Jingu Swimming Pool structed. same year, resolved that the site for the Olympic water-polo; weight-lifting; wrestling; and yachting. Volley-Ball* Komazawa Volleyball Court It was initially decided on 18th August 1962, that Village be moved to Washington Heights, and de At the 57th General Session held in Rome, how G ym nastics Tokyo Metropolitan Canoeing would take place on the Toda Rowing cided that in principle no permanent structures ever, the Japanese delegation strongly supjrorted G ym nasium Course in Saitama Prefecture, but on 12th Novem would be built for the Olympic Village and that the proposal of the International Judo Federation Basket-Ball National Gymnasium Annex ber the site was moved to Lake Sagami in Kana- the existing facilities would be utilized to the extent that Judo be added to the sports events of the W restling Komazawa Gymnasium gawa Prefecture. that this was feasible. XVIII Olympiad. As a result of a vote taken on Weight-Lifting Shibuya Public Hall For the Modern Pentathlon, it had been decided On 10th December 1963, the area known as this proposal. Judo was adopted with the over Judo** National Gymnasium on 12th November 1962, that the Equestrian Sports Washington Heights was formally delivered from whelming majority of 39-2 and thus the number of Fencing Waseda Memorial Hall would take place at Asaka Nezu Park in Saitama the US Forces to the Japanese Government author sports events to be held at the Tokyo Olympic H ockey* Komazawa Hockey Ground Prefecture, the Fencing event at Waseda Memorial ities. Games was increased to twenty-two. and Komazawa Athletic Hall, the Shooting event at the Asaka Shooting In addition to the Main Olympic Village at Yo G round Range in Saitama Prefecture, the Swimming event yogi, detached villages for competitors were estab Sports reduced to Twenty There was however, a at the National Gymnasium and the Cross-Country lished at Hachioji, Lake Sagami, Oiso and Karui move to reduce the overloaded 01ymj)ic Games Games sites which were added later are as follows: Race at the Kinuta Golf Course. Of these five zawa. Opening ceremonies at the main and detached schedule by eliminating some of the events, and Football—Omiya Football Field in Saitama Pre sports events, the site for the Cross-Country Race villages were held on 15th September 1964. this movement was strong even among members of fecture and Mitsuzawa Football Field in Yokohama was moved to Kemigawa Playing Ground in Chiba th e IO C . were added on 18th February 1963. Prefecture on 14th January 1964. After hearing the opinions of various national Water-polo^—Those games after the semi-finals It was decided on 18th February 1963, that a Contact with the IOC Olympic Committees and taking into consideration were to take place in the National Gymnasium. Cycling velodrome would be constructed in the From May 1959 when the 55th General Session of the degrees of popularity of the various sports in Volley-ball—Yokohama Cultural Gymnasium was Ryonan Playing Ground in Hachioji City. the International Olympic Committee decided on Japan and in other Asian countries, it was decided Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 44 Olympic Sports Operations ooc IF 45 Organizations Secretary-General Secretariat by the Organizing Coinniittee on 22nd December May to early June was indeed most favourable of Chief, Athletics Operations Centre I960, that of the twenty-two sports events, the four the three periods proposed for the Olympic Games. Chief, National Stadium sports of archery, canoeing, handball and modern This plan, however, met with considerable op pentathlon would be omitted. This meant that position from nations in Eastern and Northern Chief, Rowing Operations Centre only eighteen events would be held at the Tokyo Europe as well as the United States, on the grounds Chief, Toda Rowing Course Office Games, and a proposal to that effect was put before that that season was so early that it might prove Chief, Basket-Ball Operations Centre Training Centre Liaison — Training Sites the 58th General Session of the IOC in Athens. detrimental to student participants’ academic work. Chief, National Gymnasium Annex The proposed omission of canoeing and modern The Japanese delegation was accordingly asked to pentathlon however, met with strong opposition, and submit a further proposal at the next IOC General Chief, Boxing Operations Centre after discussion it was decided that a vote be taken Session after considering the possibility of moving Chief, Korakuen Ice Palace Office on each of the twenty-two sports events and that the jseriod back about one month. Chief, Canoeing Operations Centre only those which had shown a majority would be October is chosen for the Games The Organiz Chief, Lake Sagami Canoeing Office included. This voting included canoeing and mod ing Committee continued its study of the most suit ern jjentathlon in the programme, so that twenty able period to hold the Tokyo Olympic Games, and Chief, Cycling Operations Centre Director, Olympic Village sports were to appear in the Tokyo Games. it became obvious that if the proposed period was Chief, Hachioji Velodrome Office Y oyogi O ly mpic - Village retarded one month, Japan would be in the midst Oiso Detached Village Chief, Fencing Operations Centre Women’s Volley-ball At the 59th General Ses of the rainy season, making it unlikely that a period Karuizawa Detached Village Chief, Waseda University Memorial Hall Office sion of the IOC which met in Moscow, the Organiz of acceptable matter could be relied upon with Lake Sagami Detached Village ing Committee, with a view to having included a any certainty. The humidity during the period Chief, Football Operations Centre Hachioji Detached Village — Village-Transportation j competition for women’s volley-ball, proposed that would be high, accentuating the unfavourable con Chief, Prince Chichibu Memorial Football Field within the limit of sixteen teams, both men’s and ditions. It appeared then, that this period would Chief, Komazawa Stadium Office women’s volley-ball games be conducted. The IOC not be conductive to a successful Olympic Games. Chief, Mitsuzawa Football Field Office in a ruling which applied to the Tokyo Games only, The Organizing Committee decided therefore, on Chief, Omiya Football Field Office approved the participation of ten men’s teams and the autumn season as an expediency, although it Protocol Chief, Gymnastics Operations Centre six women’s teams. might not be regarded as ideal, and so proposed Interpreters at the 58th General Session of the IOC held in Chief, Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium Office Athens, recommending that the Olympic period be Chief, Weight-Lifting Operations Centre — Information Imperial Hotel Liaison Office Decision on the Period of the Games for fifteen days, from the 11th to 25th of October. Chief, Shibuya Public Hall Office Haneda Office There were a variety of pro]50sals advanced as to Agreement was reached at that session for the - Dai-ichi Hotel Liaison Office Chief, Hockey Operations Centre which dates would be most suitable for the Games. Games to be held on the mid October period. Hotel Liaison Mampei Hotel Liaison Office These included the early summer plan (early May There still remained a decision as to the actual Chief, Komazawa Hockey Field Office to mid-May), the midsummer plan (late July to days. As it had been decided that the day following Chief, Judo Operations Centre Shichirigahama Hotel Liaison Office t early August) and the autumn plan (second half the opening ceremony would have no competitions, Chief, Nippon Budokan Hall Office of October), but at the 57th General Session of the it was feared that the proposed period might be Chief, Wrestling Operations Centre Director, Press &C P u blicity IOC held in Rome, the Organizing Committee pro too short to fit in the programme of Games, having Press Centre posed that the Games be held for sixteen days start regard to the large number of sports events to be Chief, Komazawa Gymnasium Office Press House ing on 23rd May and ending on 7th June. programmed. The Japanese officials requested Chief, Swimming and Water-Polo Operations Centre The reasons advanced for the first proposal was therefore, that they be allowed some latitude in Chief, National Gymnasium that though in midsummer there is more likely to working out a suitable schedule and this request Chief, Tokyo Metropolitan Indoor Swimming Pool Office be a comparatively long period of fine weather, was approved. both the temperature and humidity are extremely At the 59th General Session of the IOC held in Chief, Modern Pentathlon Operations Centre high—conditions which are not ideal for partici Moscow, the Organizing Committee proposed a six Chief, Asaka Shooting Range Office ^ Hotel T ransportation Chief, Kemigawa Athletics Office pants. In view of the necessity of accommodating teen-day period, that is, to hold the opening cere - Arrival Transportation large numbers of spectators in indoor gymnasiums mony on 9th October, with no games on 10th Oc Chief, Equestrian Operations Centre Transportation Hqs. - Detached Villages Transportation under those conditions, it was concluded that the tober, and the closing ceremony on 24th October. Chief, Karuizawa Office jreriod suggested was most inadequate. After some deliberation, the resolution which had Chief, Equestrian Park Office - Press Transportation The latter jrart of October is considered to be passed the Athens session calling for a holiday the best sporting season in Jajran, but statistical after the opening ceremonies was rescinded, and it Chief, Rifle Shooting Operations Centre data on this subject suggested that long periods of was formally decided that the period of the Tokyo Chief, Asaka Shooting Range Office fine weather could not be counted on, and in addi Olympic Games be fifteen days. The choice still Chief, Clay Shooting Operations Centre Director, Opening & Closing Ceremonies tion to shorter daylight hours, there would be a to be decided was specifically which period (9-23 Chief, Tokorozawa Shooting Range Office risk of typhoons. There was thus, strong opposi October or 10-24 October) to adopt, and at the tion to the acceptance of this period for the Olympic 30th meeting of the Organizing Committee, the final Chief, Volley-Ball Operations Centre Games. decision on this point was reached, and the Games Chief, Komazawa Volley-Ball Courts Office After considerations of the meteorological data as were officially scheduled to take place from 10th Chief, Yokohama Cultural Gymnasium Office well as those of sports medicine and environmental to 24th of October. Chief, Yachting Operations Centre factors, it was concluded that the period from late Chief, Enoshima Yachting Office Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library THE ROLE OF THE TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT 47 were advanced in 45 cases, and the converted Table showing enquiries for and acceptance of accom facilities resulted in the provision of an additional modation in private housing facilities 1,560 bed capacity. Num ber Actual N um ber Actual Owners of private homes were encouraged to Nationality of accep Nationality of accep applicants tances applicants tai! ces make rooms available to visitors from abroad. Under It became apparent in the early stages of plan of Education, the Japan Amateur Sports Association this heading some 1,445 beds in 588 private homes U.S.A. 251 140 Taiwan 5 5 ning, that the efficient conclusion of an undertaking and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government met to were made available in Tokyo city and suburbs. Great Britain 103 71 Iran 4 0 of the scale of the Olynijjic Games would require consolidate the planning for the Tokyo Olympic Ichigaya Youth Hostel was made available, pro Austraria 76 54 Portugal 3 1 not only adequate sports and accommodation ar Games. Decisions on the timing and formation and viding a further 108 beds. Canada 59 26 Sweden 2 1 rangements, but ecjually acceptable standards of budgeting considerations of the Organizing Com Facilities for handling passenger ships from New Zealand 47 30 Mexico 3 1 roads, transportation facilities and environmental mittee were reached and the name of the Tokyo abroad were enlarged at the Harumi Pier in Tokyo. Germany 34 30 Argentina 2 2 conditions in and around those installations. Games were officially designated as:— Philippines 54 18 Israel 2 Tokyo as a city presented a number of complex During the Games period, five passenger ships were 2 Venezuera 17 8 Libya 1 0 ]3roblems in this connection, problems which were ‘The Games of the XVIII Olympiad, Tokyo 1964’ berthed as this pier and their cabins provided addi France 14 10 Hungary 1 1 accentuated by concentrations of jropidation and tional accommodations as follows:— Oriental Queen (capacity 400 persons) Pakistan 22 1 Brazil 1 0 industrial complexes. The necessity to prejjare for From the formation of the Organizing Committee Baikal ( " 300 persons) Greece 11 4 Iraq 1 0 the Games of the XVIII Olympiad gave an imjjetus in September 1959, the Tokyo Metropolitan Gov Ulitsky ( " 300 persons) South Africa 14 4 Yugoslavia 1 1 to Tokyo’s already proposed 10 year development ernment continued in close liaison and cooperation Vladivostok ( " 300 persons) Khabarovsk ( " 300 persons) Netherlands 12 4 Chile 1 1 plan, and those constructions which would have a with this Committee on all matters relating to the In addition to the above facilities, school and Italy 10 4 Denmark 1 0 direct usefulness to the staging of the Games were successful conclusion of the Games. company owned employee dormitories and other Rhodesia 9 6 Austria 1 1 considered first, and these included not only actual similar accommodation were made available. These Switzerland 4 4 recreational or sports venues but involved also road, India 1 1 facilities included the following:— Belgium 4 4 1 harbour, waterworks development on a considerable Financial assistance to the West Indies 0 Showa Women’s College, Korea 9 2 scale over a significant area of the city and its Organizing Committee 29 Gokokuji Temple, Total 35 countries coun environs. The successful conclusion of these pro The overall funds of the Organizing Committee Tenrikyo Church, tries Oiso Academy House, jects can be attributed also to the unqualified sup were supplied from monies contributed by the Y.W.C.A.’s Kokuryo House, port and cooperation which the city authorities Tokyo Metropolitan Government and grants from Y.M.C.A. Hostel, Hotel and Housing Service Centre were afforded by the members of the ]3ublic and the National Treasury as well as from private dona Asia Kaikan, Women’s Fusen Kaikan, In May 1961, the Tokyo Olympic Housing Office ])rivate organizations involved. tions and income from activities of the Organizing Yumeno Hotel. was organized within the Tokyo Metropolitan Gov The sections which follow, outline the projects Committee. The actual amount paid to the OOC ernment and its services included the supplying of which were undertaken by the city authorities in by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government is given Outsiders accommodation (school, company dormitories, associations) information on local housing conditions to overseas their preparations for the Tokyo Olympic Games. below, expressed in totals for each year:— Additional accommodation table enquirers, and the actual selection and reservation 1959 10 million yen (US$27,778) (period 9th-25th October 1964) of suitable accommodation for applicants from over // 1960 37 " (US$102,778) Highest utiliza seas who requested it. Preparatory Organization // // Accommodation Average Total for 1961 63 (US$175,000) daily period tion with dates involved Sj3ecific sections were set up within the Tokyo 1962 119 // // (US$330,555) Metropolitan Government to handle matters di // // Japanese inns 270 4,582 331 (10. 18) Information Offices 1963 173 (US$480,555) (within Tokyo area) rectly involving preparations for the Tokyo Olympic 1964 1,149 // y/ (US$3,191,667 During the Olympic Games, information offices Private homes 310 5,266 361 (10. 14) Games. These sections were later brought together, were established at Tokyo Central Station, Haneda 1,551 million yen (US$4,308,333) Youth hostels 90 1,535 98 (10. 11) on 10th October 1959, under the name of the and Shinjuku (three previously in operation were Outsiders 318 5,412 406 (10. 12) ‘Bureau of Olympic Prejrarations, Tokyo Metro expanded), Meiji Olympic Park, Komazawa Sports On board ships 1,106 18,802 1,106 (10. 22) politan Government,’ and comprised sections for: Facilities for Visitors from Abroad Park and Harumi Pier. Liaison; Publicity; and Facilities. A reorganization The existing accommodations for the expected 30,- Total 2,094 35,597 Personnel were stationed at the Tokyo Interna on 2nd July 1960 expanded the scope of this Bureau 000 visitors from abroad even with those facilities tional Airport to assist the guests who were to be Estimated accommodation requirements and provided facilities to handle tourist, hotel and under construction were considered to be inade- accommodated in Japanese homes. other accommodations. i Provisions cjuate. To alleviate this condition, emphasis was Accommoaation requirements Tokyo The Metropolitan Police Board in March 1960 given to the preparation of additional housing and O ther M et .Gov’t Renovation of the major facilities organized a Committee to handle matters which accommodation projects and these were arranged as Designated hotels 12,800 12,200 for the Tokyo Olympic Games would fall under its jurisdiction and which would follows:— Designated inns 3,500 3,500 be required during the Games. The Fire Defense Amounts of 200 million yen (US$555,555) from Construction of sports facilities and preparations of Private homes 1,500 1,445 Agency, similarly, in January 1961 began pre the Tokyo Metropolitan Government and an addi the surrounding areas Work under this heading Inns with western 3,000 1,560 1,463 liminary preparations to ensure that adequate emer tional 400 million yen (US$1,111,111) from The facilities covered the Meiji Olympic Park where the National gency facilities and protection against the hazards Shôkô Chükin Bank were advanced as special loan Youth hostels 1,000 128 534 Stadium is located, Yoyogi Park and Komazawa of fire would be available during the Games. funds to qualified applicants for the purpose of On board ships 7,000 1,600 7,416 Sports Park, in addition to facilities in Kanagawa, remodelling Japanese type inns (ryokan) to make Outsiders 200 500 Saitama, Chiba and Nagano Prefectures. Although them acceptable to foreign visitors. These funds Gov’t apartment 1,000 1,000 the prime object in the construction or conversion Coordination of these facilities were the requirements for the Total 30,000 5,233 26,113 On 3rd July 1959, representatives of the Ministry Olympic Games, due consideration was also given Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ##uS<*ii«id*kiW*fi<>tiW*tww*n»««tti«M*«i'rt» 48 49 1 to problems of their future maintenance for public faced with an undertaking of this magnitude were was averted however, by appropriate Government handling food in the Olympic Village, and to this those of land acquisition and considerations of com action and by assistance with water piped from sports centers and restaurants, souvenir shops and pensation or provision of alternate sites for persons Kanagawa and other surrounding prefectures, and sales outlets in the areas servicing visitors where Koiiiazawa Olympic Park The Komazawa ath involved, and these problems were not easily over as a result of the willing cooperation of the city required to conform. letic ground area was formerly a professional base come. Of the total expenditure, required to the population. Similar measures were also applied to ensure ef ball ground. This area was rebuilt and extended in twenty-two highways and roads, of 72.1 billion yen The general city planning involved considerable fective control of those engaged in the handling of its entirety, and on completion comprised a Stadium, (US$200,277,777), some 50 billion yen (US$138,- expanding of existing water and sewerage piping milk, dairy foods and meats. Gymnasium, Indoor Court, Hockey Grounds, a 888.888) was consumed in land acquisition pay facilities. Three sewage disposal plants were con Control Tower, Central Plaza, parking areas, trees m ents. structed and some 360,000 meters of sewer pipes Medical and First Aid Services The entire city and flower gardens. were completed in connection with redevelopment facilities of medical and first aid were made availa Facilities in this Park were used as sites for cer Expressway Construction The expressway build or Highway projects. ble for the services undertaken by the Organizing tain of the Hockey, Wrestling, Volley-Ball, Football ing plan incorporated in the overall road building Committee. Medical squards were dispatched to and other events. long term planning was aimed at facilitating the Refuse and Garbage Collection of refuse and all sports facilities for treatment of participants and smooth flow of vehicles to and from the perimeter garbage at regular hours was enforced and inciner five city hospitals were designated to render medical Meiji Olympic Park Reconstruction and ex to Central Tokyo, and providing also connections ating plant capacities were increased. Some renova aid if required. Any visitors who needed hospital pansion work in this area included the Tokyo with the radial and loop routes. The expressways tion of public toilet facilities, cleaning of streets, treatment were cared for in certain specified hos Metropolitan Gymnasium, with its annexed Indoor themselves were built of both over-head and tunnel rivers and streams was undertaken where considered pitals. This provision was made known to all Swimming Pool; Recreation Grounds and parking system sections, and where feasible the land below necessary. Hotels, Japanese inns, private homes and other lots. the overhead sections was included as auxiliary The disposal of refuse and garbage from the organizations concerned. Olympic Village and congested areas was handled Ryonan Athletic Ground and Hachioji Road Race roads in the city network. The cost of this network most effectively once a day either in the early morn Course A cycling road race course was prepared in the original planning was 105.8 billion yen (US$ ing hours, or at night depending on the conditions Entertainment and Assistance in Hachioji City. The land required for this pur- 293.888.888) to construct eight routes covering a and requirements in that particular area. jrose was leased by the city of Tokyo, and the distance of 69.6 kilometers of 16 meters, and were Olympic Eve On the eve before the opening of Organizing Committee assumed responsibility for designed to allow 60,000 vehicles travelling at 60 km the Tokyo Games, a public reception was held in a per hour to pass on the same route daily. Health and Hygiene Great care was exercised the building of the necessary facilities. The Metro local baseball ground. The attendance was some during the Games to ensure complete control of politan Government also either added new roads or 40,000 including Prince & Princess Mikasa, IOC food hygiene and sanitation. This was especially widened old roads leading to Hachioji to afford a Underground Railways A long term plan for the President Avery Brundage, members of the Diplo aimed at hotels, Japanese-style inns and public eat more convenient access. construction of five extension subway lines extend matic Corps in Japan, foreign officials and athletes. ing establishments, sanitation officers being dispatch More specific details of the actual sites used for ing a distance of 108.6 kilometers was approved by An appropriate programme had been arranged ed to assist where necessary, and rigid measures to the Games are described in the sections dealing with the city authorities in 1946. In 1962 this plan was and this was followed by a display of fireworks. exterminate rats and vermin were adopted. Games facilities. enlarged to provide for eight lines over 177.5 kilo meters. Two lines of 12.5 kilometers and 9.4 kilo Specific measures under this heading included:— Reception for Visitors from Abroad A reception Highways and Roads By far the greatest project meters were specifically completed in time for the was given by the Governor of Tokyo for IOC mem which the Tokyo Metropolitan Government was Tokyo Olympics and were connected to the existing Food Sanitation In and about the stadiums and bers and IE and NOC representatives of participat required to handle was under the heading of roads subway network. other sports centers, special guidance on matters ing nations and athletic groujrs. Commemorative and highways. concerning sanitation of food and drinks was given souvenirs were presented to those attending. To meet the anticipated traffic congestion at the Port of Tokyo Enlargement and extension of to those engaged in this business and a strict con time of the Olympic Games, and in view of the facilities to handle passenger ships in the Port of trol over their activities was applied. Other Assistance and Cooperation A Japanese continued rate of population increase in Tokyo, a Tokyo were undertaken, and in addition to the For those whose homes were opened for visitors Dance performance was designated as one of the comprehensive plan for highway and road construc more adequate landing and pier facilities provided, from abroad, special classes were conducted and Art Exhibits of the Olympiad presented on October tion was projected. The completion date for the some land reclamation was undertaken in connec pamphlets dealing with food sanitation problems 1 as part of the Tokyo Arts Festival. twenty-two main highways designated as Olympic tion with the building of the Expressway system. were distributed. The same measures were taken The City of Tokyo had the honour of being roads was set as August 1964. Under the plan of at Hotels and Japanese style inns and bacteriological awarded an Olympic Cup presented by the Inter the Tokyo Expressway Corporation (a joint cor examinations were conducted on foods. national Olympic Committee for its part in the poration with the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Additional Services and Facilities A stricter control and effective guidance was Tokyo Olympic Games. The only other occasion in which capital investment was supplied on a Water Supply and Sewerage The rapid growth maintained in all matters of food sanitation to those in which this honour had been conferred upon the 50-50 basis), of the eight main expressways ap of Tokyo’s population had made necessary a com host city \vas to the City of Helsinki in 1952. proved in 1959, No. 1, No. 4 and a portion of No. 2 prehensive plan for extending the fresh water re and No. 3 were to be completed in time for the sources for Tokyo’s water supply. The second stage Tokyo Olympic Games. of this project had already been completed by Under contract with the Tokyo Expressway Cor March 1964 and partial completion of the further poration, four city roads to link the Expressways stages was arrived at by the time the Games took Nos. 1 to 4 were constructed as were also some place. A drought of the unusually long duration of twenty-two other main highways. All of these were three months however, had resulted in a serious completed on schedule by August 1964 in ample depletion of the water reserves and considerable time for the opening of Tokyo Olympic Games. anxiety was expressed as to the conditions which Not the least of the difficulties which had to be would prevail during the Olympic period. A crisis Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library COOPERATION OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 51 i e. A ministerial ordinance concerning a tem wide field, including the construction and expansion porary dispensation to the regulations re of sports facilities and the construction of related lative to the application of the Horserace highways. The major projects carried out under Law, in connection with the Tokyo Olym the immediate supervision of the Government could pic Games. be listed as follows: From its inception, the Organizing Committee Committee included the Permanent Vice-Ministers The Grant of Treasury Subsidies Construction maintenance and repair of sport facili received full coo|reration and assistance both from and Bureau and Section Chiefs of the Ministries ties Under this heading the Education and the Government itself and the various Govern concerned. A number of Government officials were and the Free Use of State Property Construction Ministries jointly undertook the Con mental agencies. A number of sjrecific laws and also second or transferred temporarily to the Secre As the part of the overall funds for the preparations struction and/or repair of the National Stadium, ordinances to clarify the basic ]trinci]des of the tariat of the Organizing Committee to work directly for and management of the Tokyo Olympic Games, the National Gymnasium, the Toda Rowing Course State’s cooperation with the Games were enacted in various sections. the Government granted annual subsidies which and the Asaka Shooting Range. to enable adequate financial and manpower sujr- totalled in all some ¥1,510 million (US$4,194,444). port for the Games to be obtained. A]rproval was Special Legislation and Ordinances The Organizing Committee was, in addition, National Stadium: given for Government officials to be seconded on permitted to use certain State property without The National Stadium was built in 1958, prior temporary duties to the Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games charge or compensation where this was found ex to the Third Asian Games, on the site of the Secretariat. 71ie Government itself was directly Laws whicli provided special measures for the pedient in the preparation for and management of athletic ground in the outer garden of the Meiji involved in a number of construction projects, in Tokyo Olympic Games could be listed as follows: the Tokyo Olympic Games. The areas of State Shrine, at a cost of some ¥1,400 million (US$3,888,- cluding the construction and exjransion of certain • I ’he law concerning special measures necessary property made available for free use of the Or 889). This stadium was enlarged to accommodate of the s]torts facilities, and assisted greatly in for pre]tarations for the Tokyo Olympic ganizing Committee are listed on Page 52. some 72,000 spectators. The enlargement work was encouraging a nation-wide canqtaign to enlist Games (Law No. 138 of 1961). commenced in March 1962 and completed in interest in the Tokyo Olympic Games. • The law concerning the sale of cigarettes with Manpower assistance by seconding Government Of August 1964. This construction work involved a surcharges to be donated to the preparation ficials to the Organizing Committee Secretariat more practical system of entrances and exits con Establishment of a Basis for funds for the Tokyo Olympic Games (Law In order to facilitate the smooth operation of the venient to the transportation facilities, and in par Cooperation No. 27 of 1963). Organizing Committee, it was deemed expedient ticular the enlarging of the back stand in the shape • The law concerning the temporary special dis to make available a number of well qualified per of a crescent, thereby increasing the seating capac Preparatory Council for the Tokyo Olympic (James pensation to the Japan Central Horserace sons from Government agencies and local public ity of the stadium by about 25,000. The establishment of a Preparatory Council for Association’s payments to the national treasury, bodies to the Organizing Committee Secretariat. In addition, the track and field of the stadium the Tokyo Olympic Games was approved at the to allow the raising of necessary funds for the To make this possible a special measure was enacted were improved, as the result of specific research Cabinet meeting held on 18th October 1960. This construction of facilities for the equestrian by which the period of service of the officials trans on the composition of ideal track, and the provision was established within the Prime Minister’s Office s]torts of the Tokyo Olympic Games (Law No. ferred to the Organizing Committee Secretariat of adequate lawns using grass types most suitable under the direction of the Director General of 185 of 1961). would be regarded as service in their own organiza for the various uses to which the area would be put. Administrative Affairs, and its purpose was to • The law concerning the temporary issuing of tions or agencies. The costs of improvements totalled some ¥1,200 coordinate the activities of various Government coins in denominations of 1,000 yen (US$2.77) The number of Government officials transferred million (US$3,333,333). agencies for the Tokyo Olympic Games. in commemoration of the Tokyo Olympic to the Organizing Committee Secretariat under this Games (Law No. 62 of 1964). measure is shown in the table in this section. National Indoor Gymnasium: Nomination of the State Minister in charge of the • In addition to those specific laws, partial The National Indoor Gymnasium and its annex Olympic affairs and establishment of a conference amendments to the Self Defense Force Law, Special measures for raising funds The establish was built at this area which had been known as of Cabinet Ministers to as.sist in deliberations. the Tariff Law, the Bicycle Race Law and ment of a special Tokyo Olympic Fund Raising Washington Heights, and adjacent to the Olympic The nomination of the State Minister and a confer laws concerning other racing events under pub Association was decided at the 12th session of the Village. The plan of the National Indoor Gym ence of Cabinet Ministers to assist with the Olymjric lic management were enacted. Organizing Committee held on 14th October 1963, nasium was discussed at the National Gymnasium Games was approved at a Cabinet meeting held on and the Association was inaugurated on 28th De 1st Ju n e 1962. • Regulations relative to the enforcement of the Construction Council of the Education Ministry, above-mentioned laws were promulgated in the cember of the same year. and its design was commissioned to the research The Cabinet Ministers conference, under the form of Cabinet orders and ministerial ordi Funds raised from this source formed only a part facilities of Professor Kenzo Tange of Tokyo Uni chairmanship the State Minister in charge, delib nances, and in addition the following addi of the overall monies made available to the Organiz versity. The construction of the gymnasium was erated on and disposed of a number of important tional measures were provided to ensure the ing Committee. Through the enactment of the commenced in March 1963 under the design and matters involving the necessary decisions of Cabi smooth operation of the Games and to afford Special Measures Law and amendments to various supervision of Professor Tange. net Ministers. benefits to the participants and visitors. laws and ordinances, additional income was made The main gymnasium is of a high-tension sus Government delegates joining the a. A jrartial amendment to the regulations possible from such sources as the issuance of com pended roof structure, with a floor space of 25,396 relative to the enforcement of the Firearms memorative postal stamps bearing a surcharge as square meters in all with two stories below and Organization Committee and Swords Control Law. a donation to the Olympic funds. two stories above the ground. The structure is The State Minister in charge of the Tokyo Olympic b. A partial amendment to the Education oval and seating is provided for some 15,000 spec Games, the Minister of Education and the Director Ministry Organization Ordinance. Main Government Projects for Pre tators. It houses a 50-meter-long and 22 meters General of Administrative Affairs were apjjointed c. A partial amendment to the Import Trade wide, and a complete practice pool. members of the Organization Committee as repre Control Ordinance. parations for the Tokyo Olympics The annex has an area of 5,591 square meters, sentatives of the Government. In addition, certain d. A partial amendment to the regulations re The projects carried out by the Government for housing a basket-ball court 40 meters long and 22 of the subsidiary committees of the Organizing lative to Commodity Taxes. the benefit of the Tokyo Olympic Games covered a meters wide. Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library •H : 52 53 I he construction of the ,a;yninasiuni and its annex granted to assist in the construction of the Nippon Government officers transferred to the Organizing construction of the New Tokaido Line and a num Committee Secretariat cost some ¥3 l)illioti (US$8,333,333). Hudokan Hall for the Judo tournaments, while Judo ber of major improvements to other railw'ay and training facilities for Olympic participants were Status of personnel involved subway facilities. At the same time a plan to in Toda Rowing Course: inqjroved at State expense at the Judo halls at Full time crease hotel capacity to accommodate an expected employees Part Tfie d’oda rowing course is located on the left Attach Total 30,000 foreign visitors during the Olytnpic Games Tokyo University, Tokyo University of Education, time ed bank of the Arakawa River in Toda-inachi Saitama lokyo Gakugei University and Kokumin Gymna Executive Staff was worked out and executed. The substance of Prefecture. It was formerly been used as a rowing sium. Prime Minister’s 1 1 the programme is showm in the relevant table in course, but would not in its original form, have The operation facilities provided by the State Secretariate this section. The construction of new hotels, was been wide enough for the Olymjtic rowing events. included work on the Olymjric Village, the Press Defence Agency 2 1 8 11 made possible with loans of ¥12,200 million (US$ Its w'idth was extended to 90 meters, enlarging it Centre and the Press House: Police Agency 3 2 5 33,888,889) from the Japan Development Bank. by 2.5 meters on the south bank and 17.5 meters a. For the Olympic Village, the existing facilities Ministry of Education 1 4 38 43 Security on highw'ays and traffic police activities on the north bank, and suitable bank protection at Washington Heights released from the U.S. Ministry of Finance 2 2 2 6 in the periphery of the various grounds and on work carried out. A boathouse, a headquarters Forces were improved. Ministry of Construction 1 1 roads where the marathon and other road races building, a judges room, observation ]tosts, starting b. It being desirable to have the records of the Ministry of 2 2 would take place were the responsibility of the Transportation lacilities and course marks were also ]jrovided. Olympic Games made available in accurate various Police Agencies, and these details will be Ministry of Health and 1 The expediture for the improvement of the row form in as short a time as possible, the adop Welfare found under the specific headings in the relevant ing course amounted to some ¥330 million (US$ tion of an IBM system for the public informa Ministry of Justice 1 1 sections of this report. 916,667). tion facilities was planned, and a Press Centre National Universities 1 3 4 In addition, the Saitama Prefectural Government was set up at the Nihon Seinenkan Hall Improvement to broadcasting and communication spent .some ¥300 m illion (US$833,333) for the (Japan Youth Hall). In the remodelling and facilities and simplification of entry and exit for beautification of the surrounding area. repair of the Youth Hall, the Government malities The task of improving broadcasting and defrayed some ¥53 million (US$147,222) by the provision of recreational improvement pro communication facilities W'as undertaken by the Prince Chichibu Memorial Football Field: way of a subsidying grant. grammes undertaken. Postal Services Ministry. Both domestic and inter d'he building and facilities had been built in In order to provide accommodation for national communication facilities were either newly 1949, and the ownershi]3 was transferred from the foreign correspondents, a Press House was Tran.sportation and hotel accommodation O th er constructed or improved (at a total cost of ¥18,300 Ja]3an Rugby Association to the State in 1962 and constructed near the Press Centre by the sections of this report cover in detail the problems million (US$50,833,333), and to provide facilities subsequently regarded as a part of the National Japan Housing Corporation. This was in the of providing adequate transportation facilities at for television of the Olympic Games by means of a Stadium . form which could later be let as housing the time of the Games. This responsibility was to communication satellite, a space communication The improvements on this field included the in apartments. a large extent the responsibility of this Ministry station w^as constructed in Ibaraki Prefecture (at a stallation ol an illumination tower, the improvement of Transportation. The programme included the total cost of ¥800 million (US$2,222,222). In addi of the stand and its roof, and jdanting of new turf. Construction, maintenance and repair of roads and tion, NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) es related public facilities I’he work of stream tablished a Broadcasting Centre near the Olympic Asaka Shooting Range: lining related public facilities was mainly the task Accommodation Programme for the Tokyo Games Village at Yoyogi concentrating all its necessary The Asaka Shooting Range is located at the of the Construction Ministry, and the various road i Estimated :, , . facilities in a newJy-constructed five-story building No. of /\aaitional southern end of Nezu Park in Asaka Machi, Sai improvements and constructions can be found de Type Capacity (at a total cost of ¥12,000 million (US$33,333,333) . rooms Available require tama Prefecture; and was jointly used by the U.S. tailed under other specific sections of this report, required ments Measures aimed at simplifying and expediting Army and the Japanese Ground Self Defense and particularly under the section in the role of Hotel 13,200 9,800 6,000 3,800 the paper-work for entry and exit of personnel in Forces. 'Phe extension project of the shooting the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Inns 3,500 3,300 2,950 350 connection wJth the Olympic Games were approved range began in October 1962, and included the In the same section will be found also details of Youth hostels 1,000 1,000 350 650 by the Justice Ministry. Participating athletes, enlargement of the area to 280,500 square meters, Sub Total 17,700 13,100 8,950 4,150 officials and newsmen were permitted to use their the installation of a 300-meter and other shooting State Property Offered for Free Use under Inns with western 3,000 1,000 350 650 ID Cards (issued by the Organizing Committee ranges and seating, and the provision of roofing to the Olympic Games Special Measures Law facilities and with the approval of the Government of this alleviate damage from ricochets and accidental dis Private homes 1,500 country concerned), in lieu of passports. Area Period involved charges. A 50-meter shootitig range, with 96 shoot Hotel ships 6,500 ing positions and three shooting gates, was also Yoyogi Olympic Village 10 Dec. 1963- 30 M ar. 1965 Press house 1,000 Campaign to promote Olympic Games and to enlist Asaka Modern Pentathlon constructed. Gourse 15 Sept. 1964- -15 Oct. 1964 Others 300 national support The Education Ministry em For the clay shooting events, a 25-meter range Asaka Rifle Range 29 Sept. 1964- -30 Jan . 1965 Sub Total 12,300 barked upon a campaign to promote interest in the Nihon Budokan Hall Area was constructed, while a main building, an annex, 1 Oct. 1963—:31 Oct. 1964 Olympic Games by distributing various pamphlets Toda Rowing Course 15 Sept. 1964 27 Oct. 1964 Total 30,000 warehouses and latrines were added, and wnth Tokyo University and the holding of exhibitions. drainage, a ]tarking lot and a plaza for each shoot Kemigawa Ground 1 Oct. 1964—16 Oct. 1964 Tokyo University Ground, ing range was also jmovided. Gymnasium 15 Sept. 1964- -21 Oct. 1964 I'he expenditure for this remodelling and expan Tokyo University of Educa 15 Sept. 1964- -23 Oct. 1964 sion amounted to ¥320 million (US$888,889), which tion Ground, Gymnasium Kokumin Gymnasium 15 Sept. 1964- -23 Oct. 1964 was defrayed by the Education Ministry, though Tokyo University of Liberal 15 Sept. 1964- the work was in fact executed by the Defense Arts Ground, Gymnasium -23 Oct. 1964 Tokyo Universify of Educa Agency. tion Judo Hall 15 Sept. 1964 —22 Oct. 1964 In addition. Government financial assistance was Tokyo University Pool 1 Oct. 1964 18 Oct. 1964 Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library COOPERATION FROM PARTICIPATiNG PREFECTURES 55 on 12th November 1962, and an Executive Com in 1959, the Prefectural Government expending mittee was organized to facilitate the preparations an amount of 9,000 million yen in total (US of the required installations. The Prefectural Gov $25,000,000). ernment undertook the work for Yachting and Canoeing and the Yokohama municipality for Vol Yokohama City Saitama Prefecture Publicity. leyball and Football. The City of Yokohama provided venues for two of I'o afford close coordination with the Organizing The main works undertaken by the Kanagawa the Olympic sports: football at Mitsuzawa Football With the decision that the site of the XVIII Committee in Tokyo, a Branch Office of the Secre Prefectural Government include the following:— Field, and volley-ball at Yokohama Cultural Gym Olympiad would be l’okyo, the necessity of inclu tariat was later opened in Saitama (1st August nasium, where also one elimination basket-ball sion of certain sports facilities in Saitama Prefec 1964). Sports facilities Shonan Port (Enoshima Yacht contest was held prior to the actual Olympic Games. ture became apparent. These included the Toda Harbour) ; the work on the Port commenced in May The Yokohama City Olympic Preparation Bu Rowing Course, which was in fact prej)ared for Toda Rowing Course: The cost of rebuilding 1961 and was completed in July 1964. This work reau was created in March 1963 to prepare the the 12th Tokyo Olymjjics, the Asaka Shooting of the course was included in an appropriation of was hampered how'cver, by continuous high waves sports facilities for the Games. This Bureau was Range and the original ]jroposal for conversion of the national treasury while the construction work from the ocean. Breakwater on the shore—638 reorganized into the Olympic Office in August and the southern section of the U.S. Camp Drake in of the surrounding areas was undertaken by the metres, breakwater extension—392 metres, three the Yokohama City Executive Committee headed Asaka-machi for use as an Olymjjic Village. Prefectural Office. piers and auxiliary facilities at a cost of 2,170 mil by Mayor Asukada was organized. This Com Governor Kurihara of Saitama Prefecture was In addition, an area of 4,000 tsubo (1,322 square lion yen (US$6,027,778). mittee consisted of 35 members representing the appointed a member of the Tokyo Olympic Or metres) was purchased and converted to the “Toda The designing of the Yacht Harbour was pre Yokohama City, the City Assembly, City Sports ganizing Committee. Chairman Fukunaga of Sai- Park” and a temporary seating stand was built by pared by Professor Yoshiro Taniguchi of Tokyo Associations and civilian groups. This body as the tama-ken Sports Association and Mr. Toll Matsu- the Organizing Committee. Institute of Technology and the work was com official organ for the city’s population of 1,700,000, naga, a member of the House of Representatives menced on 27th May 1963, and completed on 21st undertook the task of construction of sports facili elected from Saitama Prefecture were also members Omiya Football Field: The old football field July 1964. ties and improvements of city environs and of en of the Organizing Committee. was remodelled into a standard international turf hancing the public interest in the Olympic events. Saitama Prefecture, in order to strengthen its field; 130mX80m; and a reinforced concrete main Lake Sagami Rowing Course: Main building, The construction work of the Mitsuzawa Football preparedness, organized the Saitarna-ken Prepara stand seating some 14,000 was provided. boat house and judges tower, all were designed to Field was commenced on 21st November 1963 and tory Council for the Tokyo Olympic Games, from blend with the scenic beauty of the surrounding completed on 15th August 1964. representatives of the Olympic movement and Busi Asaka Shooting Range: With the intention of area. It was in 1955 that the Kanagawa National ness Liaison Association for the Tokyo 01ym]iics later adaptation to its own use, the Self-Defence Sports Meet was first organized at the Mitsuzawa (which included officials from the jirefectural gov Force agreed to assist in the construction of a 500 Other facilities To effect smooth operation of Park though considerable improvement had been ernment office). metre range, 96 targets; 300 metre range, 48 targets; the Games, measures were adopted to improve the added for the Olympic Games specifically and for Later the following decisions relating to sports 25 metre range, 12 targets; capacity for 1,500. following roads and environs of the sports centres. use later as a recreation centre for citizens. venues were reached by the Organizing Com More specific detail of the overall highway con Close to the volley-ball court, an auxiliary gym m ittee;— Asaka Nezu Park: The Organizing Committee struction programmes however, will be found in nasium was constructed with a rest house. This The Clay Shooting venue was changed to Toko- built a temporary ground for Equestrian Sports of other chapters of this report. was a two-story building covering a floor space of rozawa; Omiya Football Field was added together Modern Pentathlon. 989 square metres with conference rooms and spaci with Mitsuzawa Football Field. The decision to Aside from the building of the above-mentioned National Highway: A section of the proposed ous lounges. situate the Olympic Village at Yoyogi instead of facilities for the Games themselves, road building Tokyo-Numazu line; was completed to afford relief In October 1964 Yokohama City completed the Asaka; and the Modern Pentathlon was approved and renovation of other facilities in the surround to the expected traffic pressure on the main na work of expansive remodelling of the main pier of for Asaka Nezu Park. ing areas of these sports centres was undertaken. tional highway south. This section completed joined the port in anticipation of receiving visitors who To execute the necessary construction projects The cost of this work was borne by the Prefecture, Atsugi and Matsuda city. would arrive and remain on the “Hotel” ships dur for these sports centres and improve the surround the Ministry of Education, Self-Defence Agency and ing the Games, and this included improvements to ing environs, and at the same time to conduct ap the Organizing Committee. A highway from Yugawara, Hakone and Sen- customs, immigration control, bank and postal facili propriate public relations activities, the existing gokubara to afford adequate facilities for tourist ties on the pier itself. association was on 27th April 1963 expanded into Kanagawa Prefecture traffic. The expenditures for these works totalled some the Saitama-ken Tokyo Olympics Promotion Coun It was on 10th June 1960 that a decision was 1,000 million yen (US$2,777,778); 500 million yen cil with its headquartres situated at the Sports Sec reached for the Sagami Bay area, centering on The Sagamihara-Yose line leading to Lake Saga (US$1,388,889) for the renovation of the main pier; tion of the Education Board of the Prefectural Of Enoshima, as the site for the Yachting events. On mi where Canoeing was scheduled was improved. 262.8 million yen (US$730,000) for football field. fice. With the Governor as its Chairman, it was 1st May, in the following year 1961, a Room for 39 million yen (US$108,333) for rest house and divided into five sections, namely, Sports, Facilities, Olympic Preparation was created in the Education Koshigoe Fishing Port: Located close to the sub-gymnasium and 39 million yen (US$108,333) Communication and Security, Hygiene and Sanita Board. On 30th November of the same year, the Enoshima Yacht Harbour, this was selected as an for administration office expenses. tion, Public Affairs and Publicity. Kanagawa-ken Tokyo Olympic Preparatory Com auxiliary harbour for mooring spare yachts. A Secretariat was created officially to the Prefec mittee was established to render full support of the Cooperation by Nagano Prefecture tural Hall on 1st April 1964. The Secretariat was prefecture to the Games preparation. Manase Fishing Port: This area was convert An extremely wide expanse of ground was required headed by Vice-Governor Sato and consisted of The Canoeing was originally set to be held at ed into moorings for fishing boats to be transferred for the Three-day Event of the Tokyo Olympic seven sections, namely, General Affairs, Planning, Toda boat course but it was later deemed more from Hayarna Harbour which was to be used ex Games in view of the special characteristics of the Sports, Facilities, Communication and Security, appropriate to use Lake Sagami in Kanagawa-ken clusively for boats connected with Yachting events. events, and for this reason the decision on the site Hygiene and Sanitation and Public Relations and for these events, and this was formally approved The work on these projects was commenced was delayed. However, the Organizing Committee Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 56 on 27th Deccuibcr decided to hold this event in decision were made in principal concerning the Karuizawa. Ujton receiving the request for as respective courses for the event. Actual construc sistance and cooperation from the Organizing Com tion of the courses, temporary drainage works, mittee, Nagano Prefecture immediately agreed and building of bridges, installation of hurdles etc. were established the Nagano-ken Pre|taratory Committee carried out in the same year and were continued for the Three-day Event on 25th January 1963. in 1964. The plan was changed frequently during A Secretariat was established for this Committee the continuation of the construction works and and the Physical Education Section was made some difficulties were experienced as the result of resjtonsible. The Vice-Governor was appointed the long jteriod of rain in September. However, Director of this Secretariat which was composed of thanks to the efforts of all concerned, the work was five Departments, General Adairs, Facilities, Tour completed by the day preceding the start of the ism and Lodging, Medical Ad'airs-EIygiene, and event. Expenses required for these works amounted Security. to ¥6,160,000 (US$17,111) in 1963 and about On 27th December 1963 the the Organizing Com ¥89,230,000 (US$247,861) in 1964. This work mittee formally requested the Governor of the Pre involved some 52 projects and these were handled fecture for cooperation in executing specific matters by some eleven contractors. calling for assistance from the local authorities at S' ■ . X' 1. ^ U 'i" ’ ■ the Three-day Event site. In response to this re Cooperation by the Town of Karuizawa All fl'ikizr: j - V j . quest, the sjjecific duties of departments and sec residents in the Town of Karuizawa were most en tions in the Prefectural Government were defined thusiastic at the honour of holding the Three-day and preparation programmes were also established. Event of the Games of the XVIII Olympiad, in On 1st July 1964, the Nagano office of the Secre Karuizawa. A cooperation group of local citizens tariat of the Organizing Committee was established was organized and this including government offices, in the Prefectural Government Building. On 1st schools, various groups etc. to render positive co August, the same year, the Director of the Educa operation to the Organizing Committee, the Pre tion Board of the Prefecture was made director of paratory Committee of Nagano Prefecture and the that office and seventeen assistants for this office Olymjric Torch Relay Executive Committee. were officially a]tpointed. There were some difficulties faced concerning the The Organizing Committee established also an lease negotiations with the land owners in connec office for the I'hree-day Event in Karuizawa, and tion with the site and courses. These however were in 20th June 1964 the director of this office who all amicably settled without any undue incidents. was the chief of the Physical Education Section Town roads were repaired and bridges were con and a supporting staff of 146 persons began their structed and reinforced. Hygiene measures included work for the preparation of the site. special measures for protecting horses from horse- flies, and antiseptic and insect sprays were provided Preparation of Karuizawa Village and its operation where considered necessary. The Organizing Committee concluded that the Sei- Constant patrol by guards was required in order zan Elotel would be the most suitable for the Vil to keep B and D courses for the Endurance Test lage. On 15th July 1964 the Organizing Committee secret as required by the regulations. For the long recjuested the Prefecture to arrange for approjsriate period from the middle of August to the day pre staff, and accordingly the assistant chief of the ceding the start of the event, members of the fire Physical Education Section was named as the village fighting group of the Town were mobilized to take chief. On 12th Sejttember, the 19 jrrincipal staff up this duty. These personnel also took charge of employees started the prejtaration for the opening of the guard duty at the course as assistants to the the village. police on the day of the Endurance Test. Upon departure of the jiarticipants on 21st Oc tober, the village was closed and the staff were Chiba Prefecture returned to their original jrositions the following A cross country race was held at Kemigawa Play day. ing Ground of Tokyo University. Since this was an event for only one day, no specific office of the Adjustment of the facilities For the purpose of Organizing Committee was established in Chiba materializing the overall jjrogramme of the Organ Prefecture. The Prefectural Government took steps izing Committee, the whole location of the site was to encourage the interest of the citizens in this surveyed during 1963 with the cooperation of the area in the forthcoming Olympic Games and ren Civil Engineering Department of the Prefecture, dered its full cooperation to the support of the in particular, the land adjustment office in Karui Games. zawa and the Iwamurata Construction Office, and A night view of the overhead road complex as Akasaka-Mitsuke in Tokyo Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 5?T’‘ ."i jseifi' P i • -rtf «_ 1 ^ . J-. ^ *» r.-i I» ^ . é * » li -• I;-,’ !*’»!! tiiaM-*W 'wi ’ «tti»im ; p: ’ • I'tti} It jHi w *r«« ■J ‘J »*•» r li; ■ m 'ft. * ■ W ■ * ,. ■ L*V>* »?wr%■>^ " s I The Hamamatsu-cho overpass Edobashi interchange The New Tokaido railway line— (at right) the train passes over Fujigawa bridge in Shizuoka Prefecture (below) passing Shimbashi station Y ^ A J ip r^ ^ V ' • » <«h.\ " » ,«k\' 'm I S H M P l j '» " 4 - VJ " ^ Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ''v"':tf>>L THE OVERALL BUDGET AND ITS FINANCING One of the first problems which the Organizing daily charges for athletes and officials at the Olym Committee for the Games of the XVIII Olympiad pic Villages, at the rate of six dollars per day per considered after its formation on 30th September head, and five dollars for grooms. 1959, was the overall budgeting and financing re “Other Enterprise Incomes” was the proceeds of quirements of an undertaking of this magnitude. Press House lodging charges, sale of horse fodder, On 28th April 1960, the Financing Programme and the sale of admission tickets for the Interna Committee was set up within the Organizing Com tional Sports Week held in 1963. mittee, and by July 1960, estimates totalling some “Miscellaneous Income” accrued from the dis 8,800 million yen (US$24,444,444) were listed. The posal of sundry property, viz; appliances, furniture, principle adopted for raising funds was that the sports equipment and temporary buildings. total expenditures, less the income, admission Under the heading of expenditures, the item; charges, etc. of the Organizing Committee, should “Administration” refers to general administrative be met by contributions evenly shared by the Na expenses, viz; personnel expenses, office maintenance tional Government, the Tokyo Metropolitan Gov expenses, uniforms and clothing, and travelling ex ernment and private sources. This principle was penses, and this item includes some compensation maintained and assistance was in fact received from payments to fishing right owners for their coopera the Government, the Tokyo Metropolitan Govern tion in the yachting events, and payments to the ment and from the Olympic Fund Raising Associa prefectural governments of the Committee’s share tion, a foundation established later specifically to of expenses for the Torch relay. Tokyo’s International Airport at Haneda handle the raising of private subscriptions. The “Transportation” refers to expenses of traffic re Ministry of Education, for the National Govern gulation and policing during the Olympic Games. ment, disbursed subsidies each year, the Tokyo This includes traffic signals, equipment and supplies Metropolitan Government in turn contributing an for regulating traffic, and expenses for transporting equal amount, and the Olympic Fund Raising As athletes; officers; yachts; canoes; boats; horses; etc. sociation also providing sums from its accumulated as well as expenses for managing game sites, viz; private donations. Sufficient funds were thus ob rent, wages and salaries to personnel working at tained to enable the Organizing Committee to the game sites. adequately carry out the duties required of it. “Eoreign Affairs” includes expenses for the hold The initial programme, amounting to 8,800 mil ing of international conferences (including the Gen lion yen (US$24,444,444) prepared by the Organiz eral Session of the International Olympic Commit ing Committee underwent a series of amendments tee, and the conferences of the International Sport as the requirements were more specifically analysed, Federations); hospitality to members of the IOC and finally the outlays reached an amount of 9,946 and ISF officials and heads of Delegations; expenses million yen (US$27,627,778). The actual revenues for interpretation activities, including payments to and expenditures can be seen from the table in this language instructors to train interpreters; the cleri section. The overall budget outlined on the basis cal work involved in issuing ID cards, viz; printing, of this table requires comments as follows:— register-book keeping, wages to personnel responsi ble for compiling and adjusting ID cards. -ftcarrr. In the revenues; “Others” under the heading of “Olympic Villages” includes all those expenses Donations refers to the royalty on the use of the for the management of the Olympic Villages, and Olympic emblem on the “Lottery” tickets issued specified expenses for equipment and supplies; light; before the formation of the Olympic Fund Raising heat; water; and charges for lodging athletes and Association. officials, and wages to employees. “Sales of Programmes” are the proceeds from the “Publicity” covers the expenses for the publica sale of programmes for the Opening Ceremony, the tion of the Official Bulletin both in Japanese and Closing Ceremony and daily events. English/French editions, the distribution of posters, “Royalty Income” accrued from the sale of televi management of the Press Centre, the cost of dis sion broadcasting rights. semination of game results by the medium of the “Olympic Film” refers to the income from the electronic computer system, maintaining dwelling distribution of the Olympic film. facilities for pressmen, preparing the official report “Payments of Participating Delegations” indicates of Olympic Games, making the Olympic film, etc. Airport terminal Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 62 63 “Admission Ticket Administration” are those ex tion. ties of the Olympic Villages and game sites. Under including however salaries and allowances of Force penses for printing tickets, and cost of sales. “Ceremonial” includes the expenses for the open that heading, the Organizing Committee, where pos members (though travelling expenses were paid) ; “Sports Eqin]mient and Apparatus” are the ex ing, closing and other ceremonies; and the torch sible, made arrangements for the loan of existing expenses for provisions; repairs of vehicles; planes; penses for printing daily programmes; entry forms; relay. facilities or those newly constructed by the National vessels; machinery; and appliances. This was in recording pajjers; leasing and control of training “Medical Treatment Services” are expenses for Government and local Governments, and provided accordance with Article 126, Paragraph 14 of the venues; feeding and training of horses for Modern medical care and relief, viz; hospital services and additional temporary facilities as required. The Detailed 1-legulation for the Enforcement of the Pentathlon; training and emijloyment of game of maintaining first aid relief squads at each game only exception to this principle was the velodrome, Self Defense Force Law (1954 Ordinance No. 179). ficials; preparation of game equipment; entrusting site; sanitation including disinfecting of stadiums which was built by the Organizing Committee on The consideration for raising private subscrip certain sports organizations with certain of the pre and villages. a temporary basis. tions was that expenditures for the Olympic Games parations for the Olympic Games; the Art Exhibi “Facilities” covers expenses for improving facili- “Expenses for Supporting Forces” were those for should be met not only from public funds, but as the Self Defense Force who assisted with the Olym far as possible by donations from interested persons Statement of Receipts and Expenditure by the Organizing Committee for the Games of the XVIII Olympiad pic Games. The Organizing Committee assumed and collected through designated organizations. In Receipts Unit: in millions yen (US$1=Y360) all the actual expenses of the Self Defense Force this way, it was thought, the true Olympic spirit directly involved with the Olympic Games, but not could be enhanced in this country. To implement Fiscal year 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 TO TA L Subsidies 17 77 126 238 346 2,298 — 3,102 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure of Olympic Fund Raising Association National Government 7 40 63 119 173 1,149 — 1,551 Receipts Unit: in millions yen (US$1—Y360) Tokyo Metropolitan Government 10 37 63 119 173 1,149 — 1,551 Fiscal year 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 T O T A L Donations 4 46 63 189 394 2,159 — 2,855 Olympic Fund Raising Association —— 63 189 394 2,159 — 2,805 Postage stamps carrying a surcharge — 52.9 125.9 355.0 429.9 963.7 Others 4 4(i —— —— — 50 The telephone book advertisement — 53.0 214.5 278.0 414.4 959.9 Enterprise Incomes ———— 691 2,345 720 3,656 Advertisement by selling cigarettes — 11.3 — — — 11.3 I'icket sales ———— 680 1,191 — 1,871 “Olympias” Cigarettes selling —— — 217.8 104.8 322.6 Sales of programmes ——— —— 35 — 35 Advertisements in national railroad cars — 2.8 22.7 42.4 18.7 86.6 Royalty incomes — — — — — 600 — 600 Advertisements in subway cars — 1.1 9.5 9.5 2.3 22.4 Olympic film — — — — — 30 707 737 Revenues from horse-racing under government —— — 100.0 — 100.0 control Payments of participating delegations — ——— — 372 — 372 Revenues from horse-racing under control of local — 129.9 145.3 158.0 108.1 541.3 Other enterprise income — — — — 11 17 13 41 authority 0 0 1 2 5 226 86 320 Miscellaneous Income Premium time deposits — 7.1 183.9 232.9 176.1 600.0 Interest -- 0 1 1 3 26 4 35 Lottery tickets 96.1 100.6 26.4 362.3 III 44.1 95.1 0 0 0 1 2 200 82 285 Others Service tickets — 10.0 19.0 21.5 17.6 68.1 Balance carried forward 1 59 637 182 II ——— — Ten-yen contributions — 51.3 109.9 88.1 33.9 283.2 Refund from Special Reserve — 13 13 — ———— Golf tournaments — 10.4 23.1 42.0 34.6 110.1 Total 21 123 190 430 1,495 7,565 1,001 9,946 Grand sumo wrestling — 3.2 6.5 2.6 0.2 12.5 Professional wrestling ——— 10.0 — 10.0 Expenditure Baseball events —— 5.0 18.5 7.6 31.1 Commemorative medals ———— 140.8 140.8 F'iscal year 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 TOTAL Donation by corporations, organizations and — 30.6 56.2 146.6 143.7 377.1 individuals Administration 21 123 138 248 409 1,084 43 2,066 Revenues from bicycle racing ——— 503.2 296.9 800.1 Personnel expenses 4 27 63 135 276 482 25 1,012 Revenues from motorboat racing —— 14.8 60.0 30.0 104.8 Others 17 96 75 113 133 602 18 1,054 Revenues from motorcycle raring — — — 55.0 35.0 90.0 Enterprise Expenses —— 51 123 449 6,299 149 7,071 Other income — 1.7 6.5 21.4 61.6 91.2 Transportation — — 0 1 22 730 — 753 Special donations for initial expenses 6.0 — — — — 6.0 Foreign affairs — — 5 4 11 204 — 224 Olympic villages — — 0 0 0 967 — 967 Total 50.1 461.4 1,037.9 2,463.1 2,082.6 6,095.1 Publicity — — 24 28 42 510 139 733 m Admission tickets administration — — 0 7 47 110 — 164 Expenditure i w Sports equipment and apparatus — — 3 74 134 969 — 1,180 Fiscal year 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 T G TA L I i Ceremonial — — 1 1 17 159 — 178 Medical treatment services —— 0 0 0 39 — 39 G.G.C. — 63.1 189.3 394.0 2,159.0 2,805.4 Facilities — — 18 8 120 2,441 20 2,607 Distribution for Japan Amateur Sports Assn. — 118.2 346.2 449.3 235.4 1,149.1 Expenses for sitpporting forces — —— — — 170 — 170 Distribution for Nippon Budokan Hall — — — 100.0 180.0 280.0 Tokyo International Sports Week — —— — 56 — — 56 Special enterprise expenses — 39.5 134.7 168.1 200.9 543.2 Liquidation Expenses —— ———— 59 59 Association expenses 5.9 28.7 42.6 51.2 64.5 192.9 Balance 0 0 1 59 637 182 750 750 Remaining assets ——— — 1,124.5 1,124.5 Total 21 123 190 430 1,495 7,565 1,001 9,946 Total 5.9 249.5 712.8 1,162.6 3,964.3 6,095.1 Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library I ' i ' 4 ; 64 65 this, the Olympic Fund Raising Association was set ment, and offered them to the Association. The part of the public utility grants allocated to them. up in December 1960 to be one of the three equal Association then invited advertisements of those Shown above are the direct expenditures made by contributors, as already outlined. The officers of who cooperated with the Association and received the Organizing Committee for preparing and stag this Association were drawn from a number of the net revenues. ing the Olympic Games. It has been said that the sources, and the President Mr. Taizo Ishizaka was “Olympia” was a new brand of cigarettes, which Olympic Games cost the stupendous sum of 1,000 the President of the Federation of F.conomic Or was sold by the Japan Monopoly Corporation billion yen (US$2,777,777,778). This amount how ganizations. The Association, in addition to being (which controls all cigarette sales in Japan) under ever would include the broad area of spending not responsible for the raising of funds for the Organiz the special provision allowing for financial assistance directly connected with the preparation and staging ing Committee, was requested, from the outset, to to the Fund Raising Association (1963 Law No. 27 of the Olympic Games. Included in it are expendi allocate sufficient funds to the Japan Amateur and the amendments thereto). tures for various sports facilities built from Govern Sports Associations to enable the elevation of the “Revenues from horse-racing, under Government ment funds, the Komazawa Sports Park built by the athletic level of Japan’s athletes. Later, the Associ i control” were arranged to allow a ten-day period Tokyo Metropolitan Government, as host city, the ation was asked also to contribute funds for the of the annual programme at the Oi Race Course Olympic Villages with various sports facilities, the building of the Ni])]3on Hudokan Mall. H.H. Princess Chichibu receiving a sheet of 10-yen Olym to be declared as an Olympic contribution period construction and improvement of the highways and The initial goal for raising funds was set at pic Seals used to raise funds for the Tokyo Olympic Games and the revenues were so donated. This was ini expressway linking the Olympic Villages, sports 3,600 inillioi3 yen (US$10,000,000). 1 his however, tially to apply during 1961, 1962 and 1963, but was venues, as well as the cost of expansion work at the was finally raised to 6,095 million yen (US$16,930,- in fact held once more in the spring of 1964. Tokyo International Airport, and also subsidies for whelming success in raising the necessary monies, 555) to meet the increased demands ol the budget The “premium time-deposit” was an opportunity increasing the hotel accommodation for foreign visi the share of private donations was in fact greater ary programme. to obtain admission tickets to the Olympic Games tors, and the expenditures for constructing the New than originally envisaged in the financing pro I’he activity of the Fund Raising Association offered as part of the existing premiums for time- Tokaido Trunk Line. gramme and in which the three contributors shared began by receiving all royalties, covering the aj3- deposits, and whereby 1.2 yen (US$ 0.003) per It is true that with the construction of the New evenly, as will be seen in the table. proved use of tlie Olympic emblem on the Lottery 1.000 yen (US$2.78) deposit was donated by both TokaidoTrunk Line, improvement of highways and Details of the subscriptions are given in a separate tickets. These amounts had been handled directly depositors and financial institutions. building of sports facilities, the city of Tokyo has table below. These can be summarized as:— by the Organizing Committee before the Fund Under “Lottery,” the use of the Olympic emblem acquired a new appearance. Not all these invest Twenty different postage stamps carrying a sur Raising Association had been set up. h rom the was permitted on Lottery tickets sold by each local ments however, were specifically for the Olympic charge and put on sale by the Ministry of Postal time of its inception the Association planned and authority, and a royalty equivalent to two percent Games. To analyse these expenditures in more de Services under Article 4 of the Special Measures carried out a number of fund-raising activities. The of the amount sold was donated to the Fund Raising tail, it would seem appropriate to classify them in Law. These stamps featured the designs of twenty accumulation of funds of this enormity could not Association. three categories:— different Olympic events, and were made available however be accomplished without hardship, and “Ten-yen contribution” sprang from the concept and enthusiastically received during the period Oc there were periods as the time passed in which some that the Olympic Games should be on a national tober 1961 to August 1964, each in denominations doubts were expressed that the Association could scale, and to this end it was desirable for each A. Direct expenditures for staging of five yen (US$0.014) plus five yen in donation to in fact successfully adequately jrerform all the func citizen to contribute something no m atter how small. the Fund Raising Committee. the Olympic Games tions required of it. The Government and other The drive based on this consideration started in “The telephone book advertisement” was arrang ( 1 ) Expenditures for the Organizing Commit organizations concerned cooperated in a number October 1961, and donations in amounts of ten yen ed through the cooperation of the Nippon Tele tee:— (stated above) of ways, and this resulted in the “Law Concerning (US$0.03) or more were accepted in exchange for graph and Tele]rhone Corporation under Article 5, (2) Construction and expansion of sports facili Special Measures for Preparing the Tokyo Olympic a sheet of attractive letter seals. At first some Paragrajjh 3 of the Special Measures Law. In this ties used during the Olympic Games:— Games, etc.” (1961 Law No. 138) [hereinafter refer difficulty was experienced in raising funds in this case, the N T l’ saved pages available for advertise- way in that Olympic enthusiasm was not at that red to as the “Special Measures Law,”]. Under a. Government Expenditures: these provisions, the Association was able to obtain time high, but as the Olympic Games drew closer, the cooperation of the Ministry of Postal Services, The Oi Race Course during the period when revenues were donations increased, and the results eventually donated for the Tokyo Olympic Games (¥ million) (US$) achieved were beyond original expectations. the Nip]3on Telegraph and Telephone Public Cor- Expansion and improve “The commemorative medal project” of “the ]3oration, the Japanese National Railways, and the ment of the National Japan Mono]joly Corporation. Fund raising began donation by corporations, organizations and indi Stadium 1,178 3,272,222 in earnest with a special commemorative postage viduals” was arranged to secure donations in the National Gymnasium 3,111 8,641,667 stamp sale; advertisements in railroad cars and in form of proceeds from the sales of three types of Improvement of the Toda telephone directories; and with special cigarette medals (gold, silver and bronze), cast in commemo Rowing Course 328 911.111 ration of the Olympic Games, and these proceeds packagings, etc. From that time on, the fund rais Improvement of training ing activities made more steady progress, making it amounted to some 100 million yen (US$277,778). venues 120 333,333 possible not only to allocate the pro]josed funds for The donations from racing under public manage Improvement of Prince ment were seen to be falling short of the budgeted the Organizing Committee, the Japan Amateur Chichibu Memorial Football Sports Association and the Nippon Budokan Hall, goal set by the Fund Raising Association by some Field 73 202,778 but also to eventually register a surplus of some 1.000 million yen (US$2,777,778), and accordingly Improvement of the Asaka 1,125 million yen (US$3,125,000). This must in the cooperation was enlisted of the Japan Cycling Shooting Range 310 861.111 turn be attributed also to the cooperative plans Promotion Association, the Japan Small Car Promo throughout the country, the National Diet, Govern tion Association and the Japan Yachting Promotion a. Sub-Total 5,120 14,222,222 ment affiliated organizations, various private or Association to assist in making up this amount. ganizations and the press. Because of the over- These associations each donated, on a priority basis. b. Tokyo Metropolitan Government Expenditures: Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library T <56' ITEMS MADE AVAILABLE FOR USE OF THE ORGANIZING 67 COMMITTEE AND DONATIONS IN KIND Construction of the Koinazawa Sports Park 4,673 12,980,555 B. Related expenditures for prepar Iiujtrovenicnt of the Ryonan ing the Olympic Games Sports Ground 23 63,889 Although not under the heading of direct expendi b. Sub-Total 4,696 13,044,444 ture for the Olympic Games, inasmuch as they in clude a broad range of spending, they could be c. Kanagawa Prefectural Government Expendi included as related expenditures, and classified as The Organizing Committee was fortunate in being tables.) tures; follows:— able to borrow or receive as donations, quantities These articles in donations or borrowed gratis of the equipment necessary for the Games. That contributed greatly to the saving of expenditures Imjrrovement of the Shonan Expenditures for: equipment, therefore, which was neither hired or for preparing and staging the Olympic Games. Yachting Harbour 2,482 6,894,444 purchased by the Organizing Committee comes The articles so received were put to effective and Provision of facilities at (¥ billion) (US$) under this heading. appropriate use in all sections concerned with the Lake Sagami 380 1,055,556 a. Highway improvement 175.3 486,944,444 Offers to cooperate were received as early as 1961 management of the Olympic Games. For the actual Improvement of the Hayama b. Park improvement 3.3 9.166.667 when the Organizing Committee was first formed Games, there were various types of athletic equip Yachting Flarbour 17 47,222 c. Sewage improvement 34.4 95,555,555 and this took the form of offers to contribute, or ment including clocks and watches, and various ap c. Sub-T otal 2,879 7,997,222 d. Water works improve lend gratis, various articles from domestic and for pliances, vessels and fuel for relaying the torch; for m ent 38.1 105,833,333 eign sources. This cooperation was freely offered reporting purposes, various equipment including d. Yokohama City Expenditures: e. Sumida River cleaning 1.0 2,777,778 by the contributors and did not stem from any the electronic computer system that afforded ac f. Im]trovement of requests from the Organizing Committee. curate recording and rapid dissemination of infor Expansion and iin]jrove- incinerating plants 9.6 26,666,667 In screening and accepting these offers, the Prop mation, typewriters for the use of visiting reporters ment of the Mitsuzawa Construction of facilities erty Control Section of the Disbursements Division at the Press Centre, and high-speed printing ma Football Field 263 730,556 for US departments’ of the secretariat was charged with the overall chines for preparing game records and releases for Repair of the Yokohama housing estate 10.3 28,611,111 management of this business, and each offer was press media. Important items that contributed to Cultural Gymnasium and h. Ini])rovement of the carefully considered and a decision made as to the operation of the Olympic Villages and the Press construction of accessory Yokohama Harbour 0.6 1.666.667 whether that particular offer could be accepted. House were bicycles used in the Villages, electrical facilities 107 297,222 Construction of the A special committee was set up to deal with this equipment of various types, furniture, cosmetics and Improvement of facilities Tokaido Trunk Line 380.0 1,055,555,555 screening, and care was exercised to maintain the various beverages. There were also numbers of adjacent to the game sites 19 52,778 Construction of a stipulations in the Olympic Charters regarding pre donations of appliances used in the athletic stadiums grade separation at a vention of any commercialism from these donations, and venues, and items of consumption. For trans d. Sub-Total 389 1,080,556 point of Ring Road and to limit donations to those articles which would porting athletes, officials and press personnel, the No. 7 crossing the in fact be useful for the Tokyo Games, due consider making available of cars and drivers’ services con Saitaina Prefectural Government Exjrenditures: Ghuo Railway Line 8.6 23,888,889 ation being given to the intention and enthusiasm tributed greatly. k. Improvements of of the contributors. This general cooperation, so cheerfully given, was Construction of the Omiya Underground Railways 189.5 526,388,889 Offers were received until immediately before the a material factor in the successful arranging and Football Field 230 638,889 Extension of commuter opening of the Olympic Games. Those that were operation of the Games. The scale of this cost-free Construction of the Tokoro- trains of private rail formerly accepted were; in donations: 126 items material made available, exceeded the original ex zawa Clay Shooting Range 142 394,444 ways into Central (112 articles) by 114 individuals or corporations; pectations, and thus afforded significant savings in e. S ub-T otal 372 ,033,333 T okyo 28.5 79,166,667 in articles borrowed gratis: 85 items (73 articles) the cost of providing these goods and services. Improvements to the by 72 firms. (Details are shown in the appended f. Other Sources: Tokyo International Contributions in kind Airport 8.6 23,888,889 Jajtan Horse Race Association— Subsidies for increas Classi Contributor Item Standard Q uantity Place to be Construction and iinjirove- ing hotel accommo fication used or Use ment, of the Ecjuestrian dation 31.4 87,222,222 Sport Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. Fuel for the 150 cc. 800 cans for the Olympic torch Park 922 2,561,111 Improvements of adminis Olympic Torch relay tration Nippon Budokan Hall— broadcasting and commu Toyo Rayon Co., Ltd. Running shirts 8,000 for the Olympic Construction of the nications facilities 31.1 86,388,889 torch relay runners Ni]tpon Budokan Hall 2,210 6,138,889 O thers 10.5 29,166,667 Nippon Rubber Co., Ltd. Sport shoes .5,000 pairs ' // Iw atani & Co., Ltd. Propane gas 19 t Fuel for Olympic f. Sub-T otal 3,132 8,700,000 T o tal (a- 960.8 2,668,888,889 Flame Stand at -P) Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. Propane gas 25.3 t ^ National Stadium, Shell Sekiyu Co., Ltd. Propane gas 5 t Komazawa, Fmoshima, Grand Total 16,588 46,077,777 By adding the expenditures in A. and B. an ex- Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. Propane gas 11.5 t Toda, Karuizawa City gas 124,790 and Kemigawa Venues (a + b + c + d + e + f ) jrenditure of one thousand billion yen (US$2,777,- Seiko Watch-K. Hattori & Wrist watches Seiko crown 50 Commemorative 777,778) is arrived at. However, it is more proper Co., Ltd. chronograph presentations for torch relay to express the total expenditures specifically for the Nihon Seiro Co., Ltd. Solid fuel for 300 for Olympic torch Tokyo Olympic Games as 26 billion yen (US$72,- Crystal Candle Mfg. Co. Olympic Torch relay 222,222), as indicated in A. ((l) + (2)) above. Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 68 69 Classi Place to be Contributor Item Standard Q iiantity Classi Place to be fication used or Use Contributor Item Standard Q uantity fication used or Use Sanyodo Co., Ltd. T runk 3 kinds for Olympic torch Dainippon Printing Ink Mfg. Rubbish Polyethylene 250 Village relay equipment containers Seki-Shotcn Co., Ltd. Co., Ltd. White gloves 60 pairs for torch relay Matsushita Electric Roof for 1 Mansci Kogyo Co., Ltd. Torch Vessels 15 Industrial Co., Ltd. chrysanthemum Igniters 15 garden Propane gas 300 cc. 10 doz. Aso Seiyaku Co., Ltd. Adhesive plaster 1,800 boxes Village medical office Hitachi Co., Ltd. Electric with electronic I National Gymnasium Mikasa Seiyaku Co., Ltd. O intm ent 560 score-boards computing Sankyo Co., Ltd. Biotamin, 40.000 apparatus Digestive Auto-Jhill Pens Kogyo Co. Ball pens 3 kinds 43,000 forjudges, juries etc. medicine Feather Safety Razor Co. Safety boxes 4,500 Village and Press House Yamayo Measures Mfg. Co. Band tape steel 21 for athletics measures Flashlights 24 Nihon CCL Co., Ltd. for recording L)etergent 155 cc. 2,000 bottles for officials Press & Fuji Kagakushi Kogyo Co. Recording Cinekerbon 57,720 sheet Rokka Shoji Co., Ltd. Public Oku Ln-tout-cas Co., Ltd. Augusta turf 11,034 m^ Village training field Infor (and laying) m ation Dentsu Advertising, Ltd. Official hand English, French 20,000 copies Athletes, officials and Sanyo Kleclric Co., Ltd. Hair driers Hb-10 6 sets swimming book and Japanese pressmen Official souvenir // 20,000 // Village Ck>ca-Cola (Japan) Co., Ltd. Coca-Cola, 615,700 bottles Village cafeteria, guide-book adminis- Fanta orange waiting rooms for Pepsi-Cola (Japan), Ltd. Pepsi-Cola Orange, Grape 115,000 bottles Press Centre, each site Iration and others athletes and officials and waiting room at venues M ilinder // 50,300 // // Kikkoman Soy Sauce Mfg. Shoyu 2 lt./6 hot. 58 cases Village cafeteria Minolta Camera Co., Ltd. Picture frames 800 Press House guest C!o., Ltd. rooms Table/2 doz. 200 / / Yamasa Shoyu Co., Ltd. Shoyu 2 lt./6 bots. 37 boxes Press House cafeteria. Sauce Table/6 doz. 24 // employee’ cafeteria in Indian Tea Board Indian tea 3 t Village and Press village House cafeterias // 150 ml/2 doz. 115 // Ceylon Tea Board Ceylon tea 1.36 t // Im port 130 ml/ 50 ff // Nakano Su-Tcn Ck)., Ltd. Wine vinegar 900 ml/20 b. 255 cases 40 bottles Kagonie Co., Ltd. Tom ato juice 1,400 g. can/12 bot. 232 cases Village cafeteria Nihon Shoseki Shuppan Sport record Kasugai fine 1,102,000 sheets for manufacturing Nikka Lemon Ck>., Ltd. l^okka lemon 720 cc. 1,160 bottles // Kyokai complete collec quality sport record complete Aji-no-moto Co., Ltd. Aji-no-moto for table use 6.920 bottles Village cafeteria tion paper collection Aji-shio 6.920 // // Kino 13,000 // // Ashitakc l^oultry Co., Ltd. Eggs 50,000 // Kishu colour fine 33,000 // // Brazilian Government Brazil coffee 4,800 kgs. Village and Press quality Colfee Institute House cafeterias // continuous paper 3,000 // // Asahi Breweries Co., Ltd. Bireleys orange 250 cc. 120,400 cans \411age cafeteria and elsewhere Venues Ltd. tickets reception windows Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. F.Iectric washing SW-403 14 Village lodgings information machines posters Calpis Shokuhin Eiogyo Co. Calpis drink 633 cc./l doz. 50 boxes ] International Club Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. Admission tickets 6,000 sheets 750 cc./l doz. 270 // / and elsewhere information A. Wander Co. (England) Ovaltine 180 cc. 445,500 servings International Club, posters each waiting room Kyowa, Kobe, Saitama, at sites Sanwa, Sumitomo, Dai-Ichi, Nippon Tecpol Company Liquid detergent 181. Village and Press 100 cans Daiwa, Tokai, Tokyo, Envelopes for 1,110,000 Ticket selling windows House cafeterias Nihon-Kangyo, Fuji, tickets Shiscido Co., Ltd. Detergent 16,000 Village cafeteria Hokkaido-Takushoku, Cleaner 8,000 Press House Mitsui and Mitsubishi Banks Cosmetic sets for men & women 10,450 distributed to athletes Nippon Columbia Co., Ltd. Records Tokyo Five-Ring 250 sheets distributed by lottery and officials Ondo to participants for International Dairy Assn. Milk 67,203 bottles Opening and Closing American Dairy Assn. Icecream 200 cc. 73,100 cartons supplied in Ceremonies International Club Victor Co. of Japan, Ltd. Records Tokyo Olympic 250 sheets // National Dairy Assn. of Japan Icecream 90 cc. 44,050 // Prince Motor Sales Co., Ltd. Etiquette bag Vinyl 2,000,000 sheets distributed at each Tea Match Mfg. Co., Ltd. M atch Table medium type 60.000 pcs. Village and elsewhere ground Zenkoku Beika Kogyo KumiaiRice crackers 2.000 kgs. Athletes, officials and Fuiisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Etiquette bag Vinyl 200,000 // Press Centre Ltd. Feather Safety Razor Co., Safety blade sets with holder 10.000 sets distributed to athletes, Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd Furoshiki Vinyl 200,000 Ltd. 15 blades set officials and pressmen International Lions’ Club Mobile toilet 2 Sports sites Mikimoto, Inc., K. // Slide mailers 15.000 copies 302 Districts Olympic cars Japan Race Silk Assn. Silk wall 8.500 distributed to athletes Cooperation Committee Flag poles 12 m. 110 National Stadium tapestry and officials Showa Denko Co., Ltd. Victory poles 12 m. 1 National Cymansium C. Itoh & Co., Ltd. Calendars 5,400 Village and Press 10 m. 2 Annex House 7 m. 1 National Gymnasium Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Table ash trays Nanbu-iron 7.500 Annex Karjalon Sahko Co., Ltd. Sauna boiler Finland type 1 set Village 6 m. 2 (Finland) Osaka Kinzoku Kogyo Co., Drinking water 10 sets National Gymnasium Matsushita Electric Industrial Drop curtain 1 set Village theatre Office coolers and Annex Co., Ltd. T ea coolers 4 // Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Photographs of 15 to a set 11.000 copies Athletes, officials and Plastic tape and 3,300 rolls for indicating Opening pressmen Nitto Denki Kogyo Co., Ltd. (Osaka office) etc. divisions on group Ceremony seating at each site Photograph Introduction to 11,000 / / distributed to athletes, Minolta Camera Co., Ltd. Plant automatic Plastic 100 pieces Nippon Budokan Hall, album Jap an officials, pressmen and cultivator Shibuya Public Hall, others concerned Press House, Village Federation of Flower Flower 2,340 vases common facilities in and etc. Arrangements of Japan arrangements village Morishita Jintan Co., Ltd. Plant automatic 170 pieces Volunteers and head master cultivator of 58 schools Tsumura Juntendo Co., Ltd. Plant automatic 170 pieces Mitsukoshi Co., Ltd. Towels regular size 8,000 Athletes and officials cultivator Canon Camera Co., Inc. Cap openers ' 5,000 Village, Press House Daishowa Paper Mfg. Co., Toilet paper 9,200 rolls Each site Kamino-Moto Co., Ltd. Hand towels 40,000 Village and elsewhere Ltd. Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library IImfÿ 71 Classi Classi Place to be Contributor Item Standard Q uantity Place to be Lender Item Standard Quantity fication used or Use fication used or Use Matsushita Electric Identification Vinyl 20,300 // Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. Autocycles YGI-D75 cc 67 Flachioji Industrial Co., Ltd. cases Hand rowing boats 12 Enoshima, Toda Olympic National Movement Rubbish baskets large size 960 Each site Nihon Koki Seisakusho Co., Electric score-boards for Volley 1 Yokohama Cultural Promoting Liaison Council medium size 485 // Ltd. ball Gymnasium Kcntoku Shinscikai Co., Ltd. Special paint Komazawa Volley- Nikken Shoji Co., Ltd. Shooting auxiliary 500 Asaka Shooting Range for floor Ball Court equipm ent and elsewhere Yamato-nori Kogyo Co., Ltd. Seat cushions Polyethylene 11,500 sheets National Stadium Nippon Typewriter Co., Ltd. Desk for Japanese wooden International Lions’ Club Portable ash trays 200,000 19 Various oflfices distributed to typewriters 302 District Tokyo Lions’ spectators at National Kawai Musical Instruments Pianos Clubs G rand 5 for Gymnastics Stadium and elsewhere Mfg. Co., Ltd. mm Tokyo Shashin Zairyo Shogyo Portable ash 190,000 „ Nippon Musical Instruments Pianos ,/ Kyodo Kumiai G rand 2 trays Mfg. Co., Ltd. C. I toll & Co., Ltd. Site guide maps for Japanese use 50,000 distributed to ticket Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Automobiles medium size 14 for attendants purchasers following Olympic Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Site guide maps // 100,000 // Fuji Sash Hanbai Co., Ltd. Site guide maps // 5,000 // torch relay Prince Motor Sales Co., Ltd. Automobiles // 7 Fuji Sash Kogyo Co., Ltd. Site guide map // 5,000 // Obunsha Co., Ltd. Site guide maps // 10,000 // Mitsubishi Motor Sales Co., Automobiles // 7 // Canon Camera Co., Inc. Site guide maps for overseas visitors 100,000 // Ltd. Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. Automobiles // 7 Others Mitsubishi Pencil Mfg. Co., Pencils HB red and blue 5,640 doz. Athletes, officials, Ltd. pressmen, others Village Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Picture frames 3,500 Each room in village concerned adminis Citizen Trading Co., Ltd. Wall clocks electric type 877 Bridgestone Tire Co., Ltd. Synthetic guide // tration Time towers // 14 Outdoors in village maps 35,000 Brother Sewing Machine Sewing machine domestic type 19 for athletes Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Japanese phrase 15,000 copies // Sales Co., Ltd. book Hitachi Co., Ltd. Sewing machine domestic type 2 // Nihon Yosho Shuppan Co., Japanese phrase 100 copies // Marukin Bicycle Mfg. Co., Bicycles for men and 667 Each site and villages Ltd. book Ltd. woven Toyo Rayon Co., Ltd. Raincoats Nylon 4,000 for use at games site Matsushita Electric Industrial Bicycles // 450 // Mufliers W hite 1,000 for police Co., Ltd. Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. Raincoats Polyethylene 10,000 for use at games sites Shochiku Co., Ltd. Projector 1 Village theatre 'Fhe Dai-lchi Mutual Life Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. 9 10,000 // Simple offset printer Village administration Insurance Co., Ltd. office d'okyo Cias Co., Ltd. 5,000 // Bench seating 3 persons 500 Village, Press House Tokyo Electric Power Co., 5,000 // Nippon Musical Instruments Pianos 3 International Club Ltd. Mfg. Co., Ltd. Business Committee for 4 Olympic 5,000 Electone and other 28 " Major Taxi Co. in Tokyo handbook " instruments Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. // 5,000 Nichirin Typewriter Japanese typeweritr 1205 type 8 Village, National Nippon Fire & Marine // Stadium Insurance Co., Ltd. 10,000 Dainihon Screen Mfg. Co., Vacuum printer for Hitachi, Ltd. 5,000 // 1 Village administration Ltd. simple printing Fiijita-gumi Co., Ltd. 10,000 // office Nihon SS Kan Kogyo Co., Easy chairs 220 Village, Press House, ÊÊ Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd. Chlorella yakult 30 cc. 76,630 bottles OOC Secretariat Ltd. // 65 cc. 248,000 // Press Centre and Rengo Shiki Co., Ltd. Corrugated 2,000 pieces for packing and elsewhere carbdoard boxes transportation Kubota Iron & Machinery Supersonic wave 1 Village medical office Fuji Shiko Co., Ltd. Rubber tape for corrugated 20 rolls Works, Ltd. therapeutic machine carboard boxes j Colour television sets 21 Japan Pearl Association Pearls 5 pearls each set 1,850 sets as souvenir \ presentations Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. Pamphlets 130,000 Information on torch Television sets 288 relay R adio sets 143 Shiko Shodokai Japanese fan 500 Villages Matsushita Electric Stereo sets 6 Village, Press House, KATO, Suzuo Japanese green tea 100 kgs. Each office Indutsrial Go., Ltd.; Refrigerators 124 Press Centre and SAIJO, Makino Floorcloths 1,000 Villages Hitachi Co., Ltd.; Washing machines 15 elsewhere Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Posters 20,000 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Electric stoves 250 Disabled persons’ Masks Iwahata-yaki 10 Villages Cleaners 65 “Saiwai-no-le” Irons 25 Water coolers 40 Drying apparatus 8 Items loaned without compensation Electric shavers 10 I Electric megaphones 347 Classi Place to be Lender Item Standard Quantity Matsushita Electric Electric wireless PJ fication used or Use Industrial Co., Ltd.; microphones Village, Press House, Hitachi Co., Ltd.; Fluorescent lamp stove 2,790 Press Centre and II Sport Seiko Watch-K. Hattori & Sport watches 40 kinds 1,280 Each site Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Shoulder megaphones 7 elsewhere Adminis Co., Ltd. Tape recorders RQ-705 35 r i // fi!» tration Wall clocks battery type 370 Brother Sewing Machine Irons 27 Nihon Denchi Mfg. Co., Ltd. G.S. batteries with quick 80 Fencing, Wrestling and Sales Co., Ltd. chargers Clay Shooting Sakai Iryo Denki K. K.; Bubble bath apparatus 2 sets Village medical oflice Singer Sewing Machine Co., Machines industrial type 4 Yachting and Judo Sakai Iryo Hanbai K.K. Mineral mud stupe stove set Ltd\ Electric bath apparatus Mitsubishi Heavy-Industries, Hydrofoil boat 15 seater 2 for supporting (body) Ltd. Yachting events Electric bath apparatus Helicopters Mitsubishi 1 for conveying Olympic (shoulder) Sicolski flame Ultra-short wave S-61N type therapeutic apparatus Ohtsuka (Optical Co., Ltd. Binoculars 12X50ZCF 66 for officials at National Toshiba X-Ray Co., Ltd. X-ray apparatus Stadium, Hachioji Ozawa Shoten Co., Ltd. Rubbish baskets large size 200 Cycling sites and Village area Sanpo Co., Ltd. elsewhere Rubbish baskets Prince Motor Sales Co., Ltd. 000 in villages 8X 30ZC F 23 // Rubbish baskets w ith vinyl bag Yamato Motor Co., Ltd. Motor boats FRF Yamato 9 Lake Sagami Showa Sangyo Co., Ltd. Plant automatic Plastic 100 Village flower bed mm 350 type cultivators Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Classi Place to be Lender Item Standard Q uantity fication used or Use Tokyo Shomei Co., Ltd. Automatic colour 10 Village cafeteria area adjusting type water spout Radio Tokyo Service Co., Ltd. Back-ground music 1 set Village cafeteria apparatus with music tape Cornes and Company, Ltd. Rotary copying press 34 Village, each office (Electric) Rotary copying press 171 // (Hand-type) Infor IBM Co. of Japan Electronic computing 1 set Press Centre mation system 'Pokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Constant frequency 1 // IBM computing Ltd. voltage apparatus apparatus auxiliary equipm ent Ricoh Co., Ltd. Offset printing machine 80 sets // Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. Air cooler 1 set // A Aluminium Shoji Co., Ltd. Free access floor 250 m2 in Press Centre Brother Sewing Machine Typewriters ' 300 Press Centre, Sales Co., Ltd. Portable Sub-Press Centre, Sankyosha Co., Ltd. Typewriters • Hand type 30 Village, each site and Kusuda Jirnuki Co., Ltd. Typewriters Standard 264 International Olivetti, Corp. of Japan Typewriters 848 Conference Pokvo Shibaura Electric Co., I' luorescent lamp stands 1,015 Press House Guest Ltd.' rooms Kayaba Kogyo Co., Ltd. Oil pressure type crane 4 used for documentary bench film at Opening and Closing Ceremonies Olivetti Corp. of Japan Typewriter desks 181 Press Centre, Delegation Typewriter stools 330 Mitsubishi Electric Mfg. Co., Closed circuit television Image- 4 sets Record quick Ltd. apparatus transmitting information relay cam era Closed circuit television Receiving 447 // // apparatus micro 6 TV Tokyo Aster Co., Ltd. Registers 7AR11 type 10 // Press House, Sub-Press Centre. W ork-room Seiko Watch-K. Hattori & W orld clocks 9 Press Centre, Co., Ltd. Press House Venues Tensho Dcnki Kogyo Co., Rubbish baskets O utdoor 200 pcs. Each site and training Ltd. large size sites l*ioneer Co., Ltd. Music amplifying 80 cm speaker 2 sets Opening and Closing speakers Ceremonies music band Plus Co., Ltd. Duplo printing machine 350-HT Junior 24 sets Office at each site Taiyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. Steel frame tents 2.5 ken X 4 ken 2 Each games site Toshiba Seiko Co., Ltd. 1 Mitsui Kensetsu Co., Ltd. 4 Shimafuji Kensetsu Kogyo 3 Co., Ltd. Koniatsubara Koinuten Co., Ltd. Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. 15 Mitamura Kensetsu Kogyo 1 Co., Ltd. Dainihon Doboku Co., Ltd. Tokyo Office C. Itoh & Co., Ltd. 10 Kurashiki Rayon Co., Ltd. 10 Asanuma-gumi Co., Ltd. 3 Tokyo Office Haiiama-gumi Co., Ltd. 5 Jseki Agricultural Machinery 10 Mfg. Co., Ltd. Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. 260 Tokyo Kciki Seizosho, Ltd. 1 Kawasaki Steel Corp. 1 Tokyo Office Suntory Limited 50 Mitsubishi Motor Sales 10 Co., J.,td. 2.5 kenX 2 ken 30 Seals bearing 10-yen revenue for the Tokyo Olympic Games T rans Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Automobiles, Microbuses 123 for transportation of portation foreign officials, Prince Motor Sales Co., Ltd. M edium 178 95 athletes officials, Mitsubishi Motor Sales Co., Ltd. Small 192 32 pressmen Hino Motors Ltd. Microbus 60 Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. Isuzu Motor Co., Ltd. Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ' ' , y r s s i y o i i x i i i 0 5 ^ rOKYO I9M TOKYO not ^‘iSEwytyOM^xmi n. r'9 f t (top) Commemorative postage stamps for the Games of the 18th Olympiad, Tokyo Various issues of revenue surcharge stamps. From left top: First issue on 11 Oct. 1961, 2nd issue 23 June 1962, 3rd issue 11 Oct. 1962, 4th issue 23 June 1963, 5th issue 11 Nov. 1963, 6th issue 23 June 1964 (lower) Sets of commemorative stamps issued for the Games of the 18th Olympiad Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND PROTOCOL Commemorative medals of the Tokyo Olympic Games The Gaines of the XVIII Olympiad being the first preparation for the Tokyo Games. occasion for the Olympic Games to be held in Asia, presented a number of difficulties of a linguistic nature which had to be taken into account in the Liaison with the National Olympic arranging. The Foreign Affairs Division was set Committees up to act as a window for liaison and contact with Contact with the National Olympic Committees of foreign countries, and to handle those matters in 115 countries were almost invariably carried out Japan which were directly related to this liaison. by the medium of written correspondence. In the The main business of this Division can be ex course of the preparation of the Olympic Games, plained as:— therefore, many circulars and inquiries had, of ( 1 ) Liaison and correspondence with the Inter necessity, to be sent to each National Olymjhc national Olympic Committee, the National Olympic Committee. Although many NOC secretaries Committees of each country, the International handled this correspondence promptly, considerable Sport Federations, and other recognized organiza inconveniences was felt by this Organizing Com tions related to the Olympic Games. mittee by the delay in receiving replies from many (2) Handling and translation of all correspond of the NOC’s. Less than half of the Organizing ence with foreign countries. Committee’s correspondence abroad was favoured (3) All matters concerning Identity Cards and with answers within one month, and nearly one entry into Japan. third was left unanswered on each occasion. I’liis (4) Reception of distinguished guests and officials, inconvenience was most acutely felt in the de and the protocol related thereto. linquency of replies from NOC’s concerning the (5) Recruitment and training of interpreters. estimated number of their partici|3ants and in (6) All matters concerning international confer collecting information about the times and method Commemorative coin issue ences related to the Olympic Games. of their arrival. Contact with the International Preliminary inquiries It was of paramount im portance for the organizers to have information Olympic Committee as early as possible on the number of the com From May 1959, when the 55th General Session of petitors and officials who were to enter the Olympic the International Olympic Committee held in Village. According to the Olympic Charter, na Munich conferred the honour and responsibility for tional entries are to be received by the Organizing the Games of the XVIII Olympiad to Tokyo, the Committee eight weeks before the date of the Organizing Committee despatched representatives opening of the Games. Tliese entries cover the lists to the IOC General Sessions. Reports were sub of sports and the events in which a nation intends mitted to these Sessions, and explanations added, to participate. Entries of individual competitors, where expedient, on the state of the preparations by which their actual numbers can be finally as for the Tokyo Games. Proposals were advanced certained, are to be received ten days before the to the International Olympic Committee on a first event in each sport. In practice it is not number of important questions which had arisen expedient to be without some indication of these ‘Olympias’ brand Tobacco bearing a revenue in the course of this preparation. After the ap details until that late date. surcharge for the Tokyo Olympic Games proval of the International Olympic Committee In order to ascertain some estimate of the number I had been obtained, these proposals were then of the participating competitors and officials, which implemented. information w'as fundamental to the preparation The number of matters actually reported or pro of the Games, the Organizing Committee sent its posed to the International Olympic Committee first preliminary inquiry in December 1963 to each covered a considerable range of subjects. Those of the 115 National Olympic Committees. By the questions which would greatly affect the manage end of February 1964, replies from only 55 coun ment of the Olympic Games in Tokyo were, in tries had been received (the estimated number of particular, the specific number of the events and the participants totalling 4,120). For the countries the actual dates for the holding of the Games, as from which no reply was received, an estimate was can be seen on pages 43, 44 in the section covering the made for each country by a careful consideration of Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 78 79 the number of its jrarticipants in the past Games, the tinued to be issued once or twice a month up to and Cycling. In the case of those International paper of the ancient Nara Era, covered with a blue geogra])hical distance from Tokyo, and other rele No. 15 (dated 10th April 1964), and at the rate Sport Federations whose technical delegate’s visits cloth, also by Tatsumura. The finished invitation vant factors. It was thus roughly estimated in of three times a month thereafter up to No. 30, under the heading had not been realized, two was a splendidly and finely executed masterpiece, March that 104 countries would take part, and the last issue (on 31st August 1964). The publica delegates were invited immediately before the and bore the following text:— the total coni])etitors and officials would be aj)- tion appeared to have been greatly appreciated by Games in October 1964, and for those International In accordance with the instructions given by the proximately 7,500 (including in this calculation the National Olympic Committees of the participat- Sport Federations whose delegates had already International Olympic Committee, the Organiz only those who would enter the Olympic Village). made their inspection, one delegate was invited at ing Committee for the Games of the XVIII As the time for the despatch of the Identity Cards the time of the Games. For the reason that some Olympiad has the honour to invite you to par to each National Olympic Committee, 1st May, games were played at separate fields, the total ticipate in the competitions and celebrations drew near, a second preliminary inquiry was sent Contact with the International Sport Federations number of technical delegates of the International which will take place at Tokyo from 10 October out and with it a request for cooperation in fur Sport Federations invited by the Organizing Com to 24 October, 1964. nishing d’okyo with an early reply. The inquiry Delegates of the Organizing Committee who at mittee totalled 46 persons and the expenses involved The invitation was forwarded under date of 1st requested information not only concerning the tended the IOC General Sessions, made it a prac in their visit amounted to approximately 43 million August 1963, or fourteen months before the number of participants, but also details of method tice also to each time attend the Joint Meeting of yen (US$119,444). Olympic Games, to 105 National 01ymi)ic Com of transportation to Tokyo, and the proposed the International Sport Federations, when held, or mittees, which were members of the International length of their stay. Replies from about one half to arrange individual talks with the Federations’ The Official Invitation to Olympic Committee at that time. Careful prepara of the countries were collected by the end of June, representatives to discuss matters of a technical tion was made to ensure the delivery of these the date by which rei)lies had been rc((ucsted. nature concerning the management of the Tokyo the Games invitations. For the 67 National Olymjric Com Urgent circulars or telegrams were sent to those Olympic Games. The Organizing Committee des The first official act to attract particular attention mittees in countries where Japan maintained fi'oin whom rejrlies had not yet been received in patched representatives of the National Sport in the preparation of the Tokyo Olympic Games diplomatic or consular missions these invitations order to calculate as accurate an estimate as pos Federations to the various meetings of the Inter was the despatching of the official invitation in were delivered through that channel. To each of sible. Final figures were calculated on 15th national Sport Federations, their Executive Boards, accordance with Article 55 of the Olympic the other National Olympic Committees, the August, at which time no less than thirty National Technical Committees, and others, to ensure that C harter. Organizing Committee sent the invitation directly Olynqjic Committees had still failed to reply. Their the International Sport Federations were informed The Olympic Games are held under the auspices by registered return-receipt airmail. figures, therefore, had to be estimated on the basis of the progress of the preparation made for the of the International Olympic Committee. The At a subsequent date, after these initial invitations of the available data. At that time, the number respective sports, and to obtain their approval of invitation however, is sent, under instructions of had been despatched, and on the instructions of of the ])articipating countries was estimated at these technical arrangements. Between May 1962 the International Olympic Committee, by the the International Olympic Committee, invitations between 99 to 102, and the number ol jjarticipants and the Tokyo Olympic Games, 62 persons were Organizing Committee to the National Olympic were sent on 1st November 1963, to the seven at 8,400. It was on the basis of these figures despatched to 54 meetings at a cost of some 32,- Committees. The Organizing Committee was care National Olympic Committees of Cameroun, Ivory therefore that the necessary local coordination was 000,000 yen (US$88,888). ful in the designing of the invitation to give it a Coast, Jordan, Mali, Nepal, Northern Rhodesia, m ade. Japanese motif, and a dignified and attractive and Senegal, whose recognition by the International The number of the countries which actually par- Invitations of technical delegates Regarding the invitation form was prepared. The design and Olympic Committee was approved at its General ticijrated in the Cames was 94, and that of the invitations of technical delegates of the Interna finish of this invitation was the subject of most Session in Baden-Baden, and on 1st March 1964 competitors and officials was 7,900. It was indeed tional Sport Federations in accordance with Article favourable comments by many of the recipients. to the four National Olympic Committees of Alge fortunate thus this actual figures did not widely 37 of the Olympic Charters, the Organizing Com It was considered desirable to maintain some uni ria, Congo, Niger, and Sierra Leone, which were dill'er from the estimates, for had there been much mittee was enabled by an amendment of the IOC formity in all official printed matter used during recognized at the General Session in Innsbruck. discrejjancy, the efficiency in Games management rules to invite before the outset of the Games one the Tokyo Olympic Games, and accordingly the On 1st May 1964, to the National Olympic Com may have been significantly im])aired. delegate of each International Sport Federation. Organizing Committee enlisted the assistance of mittee of Chad, whose recognition was jrrovi- By consultation with the respective National Sport Mr. Hiromu Kara, a member of a designers group, sionally approved by the International Olympic The News Letter Progress reports of the prepa Federations, the Organizing Committee requested to design the invitation form. The chosen design Committee, and under date of 10th July to the ration for the Olymjjic Games were supjjlied by the these technical delegates to visit Japan as early as is as illustrated in this section, hand-made Japa National Olympic Committees of Central Africa Organizing Committee to the National Olympic possible, in order that their advice or approval nese paper was used for the text which was printed and Madagascar. The invitation which had ini Committee of each participating country in the might be obtained in those matters concerning the vertically in Japanese over the fascimile of the tially been despatched to the South African Olym form of the XVIII Olympiad Official Bulletin, and Games which in Japan were as yet relatively un signature of Mr. Daigoro Yasukawa, President of pic Committee was withdrawn on 28th January Circular Letters which were issued from time to familiar, and particularly in those cases where the the Organizing Committee. A translation into 1964, by a decision of the International Olympic time as occasion arose. I'he Official Bulletin was Organizing Committee was experiencing some dif French of the text was printed on the left, and Committee, which notified that National Olympic ])ubllslied at internals of two to three months. As ficulty in deciding on the relative merits of certain the English translation on the right at the lower Committee to this effect. Separate invitations had the time for the Olympic Games a]3proached, it sites, or where new facilities required to be con half of the page. This form was affixed on a two initially been sent to the National Olymjnc Com was deemed advisable to circulate more up-to-date structed. General Thofelt, President of the Inter fold mount made in the shape of a small folding mittees of Malaya and Singapore. As a result of and detailed information. The printing of a news national Union for Modern Pentathlon, who screen. The upper and lower borders of the mount the formation of one Committee of Malaysia by flash in a sini])ler form was planned, and No. 1 visited Japan in July 1961, was the first technical was bordered with a cloth with stripes of the five merger of the two National Olympic Committees, of the News Letter series was issued on 5th June delegate to arrive. From that time until August Olympic colours. The outside of the mount was a new invitation dated 1st April 1964, was ad 1963. 400 copies in English and 200 in French 1964, technical delegates of thirteen International covered with a red cloth having a design of undu dressed to the Malaysian National Olympic Com were printed and sent to the National Olympic Sport Federations were invited to Japan. These lated lines in gold and silver. The cloth was mittee. The despatch of the invitation to the Committees, the International Sport Federations, were from the Federations for Equestrian Sports, specially woven by Tatsumura, a celebrated classical Indonesian National Olympic Committee was de the International Olympic Committee chancellery, Water-Polo, Rowing, Canoeing, Athletics, Boxing, weaver of Kyoto. The completed invitation was ferred under instructions from the International and to 01yni])ic “attachés.” I ’he News Letter con Shooting, Volley-Ball, Yachting, Hockey, Football, contained in a folder made of a typical Japanese Olympic Committee. The suspension of the Indo- Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library no JA £iM ? A iiesiaii (k)iiiiiiittec’s ciualification was removed in mittee declared its withdrawal from the Interna :R ur June 1964 by a decision of the Executive 15oard tional Olympic Committee, and in November 1963, ilcoii w 10 oi tlie Internationa] Olympic Oommittce, and the Indonesia proposed to the Asian and African coun despatcii of this invitation was one of the last tries that a GANEFO (The Games of the New for these I ’okyo Oames. Emerging Forces) be held in Djakarta. Among the 4’hus the final effective number of the National participants were included athletes from Communist Olympic Oonimittees in receipt of official invitations China who was not a member of the International was 118. As sc])arate invitations were addresseci to Olympic Committee. Before the ‘GANEFO’ the Oonimittees of East and West Germany, the Games, several International Sport Federations, inaxinium of the National Olymjiic Committees including the International Amateur Athletic Fed eligible for |iarticipation in the Tokyo Olympic eration and the International Swimming Federation Gaines was 117. issued a warning to their affiliated National Sport Federations that a participation in Games which included nonmembers of the respective Interna The Question of GANEFO tional Sport Federations would be a violation of the 'I'he Organizing Committee was faced with a ]trob- rules of the Federation, and that any athletes who lem ol some difficulty up to the o]iening of the participated in the GANEFO would consequently Games. 'I’his was the matter of GANEFO (the be subjected to suspension of their membership Games of the New Emerging Forces). At the time eligibility. The International Olympic Committee ol the Fourth Asian Games held in Djakarta in notified the National Olympic Committees that the August 1962, there had been some complications GANEFO had no connection whatever with the caused by Indonesia, the host country of the Games, International Olympic Committee, but that the f!l regarding the admission of athletes from Formosa IOC was in full accordance with the steps taken The team from Indonesia which withdrew from the Tokyo Games before the Opening Ceremony leaving Tokyo Inter national Airport for home (Taiwan) and Israel. For this reason the National by the International Amateur Athletic Federation Olympic Committee of Indonesia was subsequently and other International Sport Federations. suspended by the International Olynijhc Commit The GANEFO Games however, did take place, tee, and its [rartici|iation in the 'I’okyo Olynqhc and those competitors who took part in the games either with a specific time limit or qualification petitors had also been affected by this ban, and in Games appeared impossible. In opposition to this were subjected to suspension of their qualification suspension of indefinite duration. Indonesia had the case of Indonesia. decision, the Indonesian National Olymjric Com by those International Sport Federations concerned. withdrawn its membership of the International The Organizing Committee had continued its ef Swimming Federation before the GANEFO Games. forts to have as many athletes as possible particijjate Subsequently, in June 1964, the Executive Board in the Tokyo Games. As the Tokyo Olymjtic I he team from North Korea leaving Ueno Station for the boat to take them home after their withdrawal from the of the IOC observing that the Indonesian National Games were to be the first such occasion for Asia, Game.s prior to the Opening Ceremony Olympic Committee was earnestly desirous of par it was most regrettable that athletes of excellence ticipating in the Tokyo Games, ruled that if the should not be permitted to join. On the other Indonesian NOG would conform to the rules of the hand, the rules of the International Sport Federa International Olympic Committee it would be able tions are required to be observed. This jtroblem to participate in the Games at Tokyo. The Execu was an embarrassment to the Organizing Commit tive Board thus removed the suspension of the tee at this late stage as the time limit for national Indonesian Committee. The International Sport entries was approaching, and blank Identity Cards Federations, except for the International Amateur had already been forwarded to the National Olym Athletic Federation and the International Swim pic Committees. ming Federation, had by August 1964 either This matter was purely a problem of the Inter removed their specific suspension of the athletes national Sport Federations, and the Organizing who participated in GANEFO or had refrained Committee was well aware that it was unable to from passing any penalty on those athletes. intervene. In view, however, of the many com Thus, no National Olympic Committee were in plications which it appeared, might develop to seri fact disqualified from taking part in the Olympic ously interfere with the effective management of Games in Tokyo. However, as far as the Athletic the Olymitic Games, the Organizing Committee and Swimming events were concerned individual discussed the matter with the FINA (Mr. Abe, athletes who participated in the GANEFO were the Secretary General was resident in T’okyo), and not released from their qualifications suspension by despatched the Director of the Foreign AlTairs the respective International Federations, and were Division to London in August 1964, to talk over thus unable to make their entries into the Tokyo the problem with the lAAF with a request that Olympic Games. It was reasonable therefore, that some amicable solution be found. Careful con resentment of the action of those two International sideration of the problem by both of these Inter Sport Federations would be particularly strong in national Sport Federations, how'ever, did not result I \ the case of North Korea, whose first rate com in any removal of the suspension of the athletes’ Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library T 82 83 does not recognize those individuals who participated in qualification. the Games because of the few disqualified athletes In the middle of August, the International Ama who were in the teams. However, the Organizing the Track and Field events during the Games of the Visits by Their Majesties the teur Athletic Federation reaffirmed its decision on Committee as being responsible for the management New Emerging Forces (GANEFO). The International Emperor and Empress of Japan the discjualification of athletes who participated in of the Games was gratified that both the National Swimming Federation (FINA) has also taken a similar GANEFO, and this ruling was conveyed by the H. M. the Emperor, as patron for the Gaines of Olyjnpic Committees involved showed an under stand concerning those athletes who participated in the Chancellor of the International 01yni])ic Commit standing of the unenviable position of the Or the XVIII Olympiad proclaimed the Games open G.'kNEFO. Furthermore, Indonesia will not be eligible tee to the National Olymjjic Committees concerned. ganizing Committee, and especially for their NOC’s at the Opening Ceremony, and during the actual for participation in the swimming events of the Tokyo The National 01yni|)ic Committees of botli Indo attitude to avoid unnecessary confusion and for Games Their Majesties were pleased to make fre nesia and North Korea had hy this time, however, withdrawing their teams without incident immedi Olympic Games inasmuch as she has withdrawn from the quent visits to the Games sites and viewed with comjrleted their national entries for the Tokyo ately before the commencement of the Games. FINA. evident interest the various events. Olympic Games. Indonesia declared that, in spite A number of requests for a more lenient stand have The Grown Prince and Princess, the Prince and Princess Hitachi also made observation visits to a of the decision of the International Sport Federa been made to the lAAF and the FINA both directly and tions, it was proceeding with its jmejrarations to number of the Games events. Informal Statement by the Secretary-General indirectly, but to this date none of these petitions have send a team. This team included some competitors The following list enumerates those events wit resulted in any change in the attitude of either of these lor swimming. North Korea in turn made an im Considerable publicity has been circulated concerning nessed by Their Majesties the Emperor and Em Federations on their ruling concerning these matters. press, the Crown Prince and Princess during the portant declaration that it would boycott the Tokyo the participation of North Korea and Indonesia in the 01yni]jic Games unless the International Amateur It has been from the inception, the desire of this period of the Games. Tokyo Olympic Games. I would like to make a state Athletic Federation rescinded its decision. Organizing Committee to have as many countries and ment in this connection clarifying the position and opin Inasmuch as the lAAF and the FINA, had made athletes as possible participate in the Tokyo Olympic their final decision, the Organizing Committee con ion of the Organizing Committee for the Tokyo Olympic Games, and we have exerted our utmost efforts to this sidered that it would not be jrossible to admit into Games. date in finding a satisfactory solution to this problem. the Olyjiipic Village any diseiualified athletes who The Organizing Committee for the Tokyo Olympic Their Majesties the Date Emperor and 'Fhe Crown J^rince The basic rule in the World of Sport is, however, that and Princess might enter Ja])an with their Identity Cards. The Games has been specifically entrusted by the International Empress Committee was also of the opinion that it would not all rulings and regulations shall be respected. We thus Olympic Committee with the duties of preparation and 10 October Opening Ceremony Opening Ceremony be jrroper to allow a small number of disqualified are required to comply with all decisions duly made hy (Saturday) National Stadium National Stadium arrangements of the Tokyo Games. All invitations to 12 October athletes at the ex|)ense of many well-c|ualified coin- these International Sports Federations. Football Weight-Lifting (Monday) ]JCtitors. On 1 Ith September, the Organizing Com those games sent to National Olympic Committees were Komazawa Stadium Shibuya Public Hall In the case of the lifting of Indonesia’s suspension from 13 October Wrestling mittee made its stand known both at home and despatched therefore in accordance with directions re (Tuesday) Komazawa abroad in the form of an informal statement by participation in the Tokyo Games, or the entry of athletes (jymnasium ceived from the International Olympic Committee. 14 October Fencing from North Korea with whom .Japan has no diplomatic the Secretary General (see below), and in par (Wednes- Waseda Memorial Indonesia, which had been suspended from participation day) ticular urged the National Olymjnc Committees relations, and the various other problems that arose, this Hall in the Tokyo Olympic Games, was sent an invitation by Modern Pentathlon of Indonesia and North Korea to send teams con Committee was sincere in its endeavours and these resulted 15 October Volley-Ball Kemigawa Playing sisting of qualified com])etitors only. this Committee upon our receipt of notice from the (Thurs- Komazawa Volley- in the finding of a solution to these difficulties. In this day) Ball Court Grounds (Visited by On 28th September, the Indonesian athletes ar International Olympic Committee of their lifting of this Crown Prince only) case however it is regretfully not within our jurisdiction 16 October Swimming rived in Japan. On 4th October, a team of 200 suspension. South Africa who had received an invitation (Friday) National Gymnasium to make decisions on the participation of individuals who North Koreans arrived in spite of their stated for the Tokyo Olympic Games from this Committee has 18 October Shooting (Rifle) intention to boycott the Tokyo Games. Both of are not regarded as qualified and recognized by the (Sunday) Asaka Shooting since been notified hy the I.O.C. that the invitation is no Range (Visited by these teams included a few disqualified athletes. respective International Sports Federations. Crown Prince only) longer valid. The Organizing Committee offered the disqualified We sincerely sympathize with the National Olympic 19 October Athletics Yachting athletes living quarters outside the Olympic Village, The technical arrangements of the various sports during (M onday) National Stadium Sagami Bay Committees of these countries affected. This ban on par Volley-Ball the Olympic Games are the responsibility of the Inter but both teams would not agree to divide them Yokohama Cultural ticipation in the Tokyo Olympic Games, however, applies selves, and stayed in living quarters of their own national Sports Federations concerned, by definition of the 20 October Gymnastics Gymnasium choosing and did not enter the Olympic Village. only to these athletes who have participated in the (Tuesday) Tokyo Metropolitan International Olympic Committee. It is therefore the Gymnasium Meanwhile on the question of the qualification, dis Track and Field events and the Swimming events of respective International Sports Federations which have the 21 October Athletics (Marathon) cussions were conducted between the Organizing GANEFO, and this leaves unaffected a considerable num (Wednes- National Stadium final authority in deciding the qualifications of the athletes day) (Accompanying Committee, the delegates of International Sport ber of other sports, and does not of course apply to Prince Hironomiya) Federations who had come to Tokyo, and with to participate in the Olympic Games, and neither the participants in Athletics or Swimming events who did 22 October Judo Basket-Ball Organizing Committee nor any of the National Sports others. (Thurs- Nippon Budokan Flail National Gymnasium not participate in GANEFO. It is much more important day) All these efforts however, were brought to no Federations has any authority to make or alter such however to join in the participation of the Olympic 23 October Judo avail, and the affair was brought to a conclusion decisions. Without the authority from the International (Friday) Nippon Budokan Hall on the eve of the Opening Ceremony by the decla Spirit, and it would be our fervent wish that this con Sports Federation concerned, no participant can be recog Volley-Ball ration of the two National Olympic Committees sideration should be foremost, and as such we trust we Komazawa Volley-Ball nized as qualifying, and his or her participation in the Court (Visited by to withdraw their entire teams. The athletes of will have the privilege of having with us the maximum Crown Princess only) Olympic Games without such permission is not possible. both these National Olympic Committees left Tokyo number of eligible participants from these countries at 24 October Equestrian Sports Closing Ceremony the same day. The present problems concerning the qualification of (Thurs- (in the morning) National Stadium the Tokyo Olympic Games. day) National Stadium It is to be most regretted that the two large Asian participants for the Tokyo Olympic Games are because Closing Ceremony National Stadium teams of Indonesia and North Korea did not join the International Amateur Athletic Federation (lAAF) Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ■' "I < < , J. , ,|, ,, -, iT II II 84 85 October. Their duties were to receive visitors, to evening of the last day, after the Closing Ceremony, given before the commencement of the Games. see them ofT at Tokyo International Airport, ar Reception of Foreign Officials to which party all officials, competitors, and all The receptions given in the name of President range their schedules, marshall cars, accompany and Special Guests those involved directly with the Games were in Yasukawa, as President of the Organizing Com them to the venues, and to act as assistants to the vited, it was planned that receptions should be mittee were as follows: Companions ‘Cioinpanions’ was the name given hostess at receptions. The number of visitors at to tlie young Japanese ladies of culture with lin tended by these companions totalled 101 persons, guistic talent and international ex])erience, selected and although the companions were kept to a very Receptions given by President of Organizing Committee on the basis of reconiniendation of jrersons con busy schedule, they performed their duties in an nected with the inanagenient of the 01yni]3ic Games. most commendable manner. Date Place Present No. 'I’hirty-lour of these young ladies were selected to Present assist the members of tfie International Olympic Reserved seats in the Stadium In view of the Committee, their family members, and the twenty- 3 Oct. 1966 Reception for officials of all Tokyo Prince Hotel IOC members and family; NOC 850 fact that some confusion had occurred at certain 18:00-20:00 National Olympic Committees Presidents, General-Secretaries three specially invited guests (as listed below), and jrast Olympic Games, the Organizing Committee and family members; JOC and JO G officials to act as interpreters during their stay in Tokyo. was requested by the International Olympic Com mittee to make sure that free seats were in fact 4 Oct. 1966 Reception for International Tokyo Hilton Hotel Delegates to TCSS 700 List of specially invited guests (27) 18:00-20:00 Congress of Sport Sciences securely reserved as provided for in the Olympic Mr. & Mrs. Isaimi Wada (U.S.A.) Honorary .Mrmbei, ,1.0.C. Charter. This matter proved to be one of consider 8 Oct. 1966 Reception for officials of Dai-Ichi Hotel IOC members and family; 1,200 18:30-20:30 International Sports Federations President and Secretary General Dr. & Mrs. Katsumi Kornetani (U.S.A.) A.ssistod .greatly in able difficulty to carry out efficiently, partly be promotion of sport in Japan of each IF and family members; cause of the delay in completing the construction International Juries, Judges and Referees Mrs. Lisclott Diein & Companion (Cierrnany) Widow of Sec- of some stadiums (especially the erection of tem rotary (Joiioial of Borlin O lym pic CJainos porary stands) but more particularly, because it 9 Oct. 1966 Reception for Press personnel Chinzanso Restaurant Domestic and Overseas Press 1,300 Mr. In il. Brown (U.S.A.) Y.M.C.A. promoter of spoit in Jap an 18:30-20:30 personnel was not possible to ascertain at an early date the Mr. & Mrs. Duke Kahananioku (U.S.A.) Assisted materially in actual number of officials under the various status 10 Oct. 1966 Party to celebrate the 70th Plaza in front of IOC members; Diplomatic 1,300 O lym pic sport [)r<)motioii 16:15-17:45 anniversary of the founding of National Stadium corps; President and Secretary headings. A point worthy of note in the reserva the IO C General of each NOC and *Dr. & Mrs. M. Messerli (Switzerland) International Olympic C om m ittee tion of seats for the Tokyo Olympic Games was family members; Attachés; JOC that, the Royal Box and that part of Stand A which and O O C officials Mr. W. Kringeber.g ((îennany) was exclusively for members of the International 24 Oct. 1966 Sayonara Party Shinjuku Gyoen All participants and those 12,300 Mr. Amerigo Petrucci (Italy) Mayo, of Rome 18:20-20:00 concerned with Tokyo Olympic Olympic Committee was strictly reserved for the Games Mr. & Mrs. (uulio Andreotti (Italy) Comitato Olympico Na- use of those so entitled, special seats were reserved zionale Italiano in Stand G of each stadium for the representatives M r. & Mrs. C i u l i o O nesti (Italy ) Comitato Olirnpico Nazionale of the Dijrlomatic Corps in Tokyo, and for special Italiano Of all these events, one worthy of special men National Stadium. The year 1964 coincided exact guests, both Japanese and foreign, whom the Or Dr. & Mrs. Marcello Uarroni (Italy) Comitato Olimpico Na- tion was the reception in celebration of the 70th ly with the 70th anniversary of the foundation of zionale Italiano ganizing Committee had invited. By this means Anniversary of the International Olympic Com the International Olympic Committee by the late Mr. & Mrs. W. S. Kent Hughes (Australia) A ustralian CJlym- the confusion between these people and those for pic Federation {Ciiairman of Organizing Committee for Melbourne mittee, which was held in the plaza in front of the Baron Pierre de Goubertin. The occasion was (Jam es) Stands A and B was successfully avoided. The free seats reserved in the stadia in accord *Mr. Hans Baumann (Switzerland) President, Fédération Inter- nationale de Handball ance with the Olympic Charter are shown in table Receptions given by President of Japanese Olympic Committee and Governor of Tokyo Metropolis II Mrs. Inger K. Frith (En.gland) President. Fédération Interna- form. The reserved seats in the Opening Cere lionale de I'ir à FArc mony are illustrated in diagram form. No. of i l Date Place Present Given by Mr. Torsten Tegner (Sweden) For the Royal Box and Stands A, B, and G in Present Mr. Robert J. II. Kiphuth (U.S.A.) OHidal, USA Olympic Com- the Main Stadium, where the principal arena for 7 Oct. 1966 m ittee sports, in the National Gymnasium, the Tokyo Reception for delegates to Imperial Hotel The Crown Prince and 300 Governor of T'okyo 62nd IOC General Session Princess; IOC members and and ,JOC President *Mrs. Russel L. Durgin (U.S.A.) Widow of loirner Y.M.C.A. Metropolitan Gymnasium, and the Komazawa family members; O O C officials Secretary in Japan Stadium, twelve to thirteen female interpreters * Did not attend 8 Oct. 1966 Party for delegates to Tokyo Kaikan ICSS delegates 250 Governor of 'Fokyo ÊÊ were specifically stationed to attend, under the International Congress of llf i 'I’lieir final selection wa.s made early August 1964, leadership of the head interpreter of each stadium, Sport Sciences lîfa and these comjianions were then instructed in the to the special guests and officials. 12 Oct. 1966 Olympian International Ueno Seiyoken Members of Olympian Inter 250 Governor of Tokyo details ])ertaining to the 01yni]jic Games by means Reception national; Japanese Olympic medalists of courses, several conferences, and inspection of Attention to Officials and the venues and other s]iort facilities. Tliey were Competitors; Various Parties 13 Oct. 1966 Reception for NOC officials Kishi Memorial President and Secretary General 200 JOG President divided into three groups ( two English groups and H all of each NOC and family one French), with a senior lady with Olympic ex- and Receptions members; N O C officials jierience abroad in charge of each group. Special It was the intention of the Organizing Committee 18 Oct. 1966 IOC Commemorative Party Imperial Hotel IOC members and family 150 Governor of Tokyo uniforms were su]5plied by the Organizing Commit to hold as few receptions as possible before and members tee, and these ‘comjianions’ were required to attend after the Games, and to this end invitations to the Committee’s Reception Office in the Imperial officials and competitors were kept to a minimum. 20 Oct. 1966 Reception for World Youth Ueno Park Participants in World Youth 309 Governor of Tokyo Camp Camp Hotel every day between the 1st and the 30th of Except for the ‘Sayonara’ Party given on the Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 86 87 Arrangements of Royal Box at Opcuiing Ceremony celebrated on a large scale, together with the un tions were declined. The only entertainments to veiling ceremony of a relief of Baron de Coubertin which the competitors and officials were invited in the ]tlaza of the National Stadium by the Or were a bus trip to Mt. Fuji directly planned by the a |. 1 a F B 1 b | ganizing Committee to commemorate this occasion c 1 cj Organizing Committee and the ‘Kabuki’ night D Stand D2 (476) D and the opening of the Tokyo Olympic Games in shows organized by the Matsushita Electric Indus E 1 B | F 1 c b 1 that significant year. trial Co., Ltd. G r III G| Besides the receptions given by Mr. Daigoro The trip to Mt. Fuji (up to the 5th station) by Main SiKHdal Stand Yasukawa, parties were held by Mr. Tsuneyoshi bus, for which 50 large buses were mobilized, was d’akeda, President of the Jai)anese Olympic Com carried out smoothly and successfully, thanks to mittee, and Dr. Ryotaro Azuma, Governor of the patrol detachments of the Metropolitan Police a 111 A Tokyo Metropolis. (See page 85) and the police headquarters of Kanagawa, Shizuoka, Enterlaininents A number of invitations to vari and Yamanashi Prefectures, which provided patrol ous entertainments were received for the competi and guard services on the route. Approximately tors and officials. For fear, however, of disturbing twenty thousand people of Yamanashi Prefecture the conditions of the competitors, all such invita Royal Bo> welcomed the parties along the way. 142) Stand A (79) S tandA (79) Tabic showing numbers of seats reserved at each sports venue Stand Venue Event Total A B 1 C D G Lower National Stadium Opening Ceremony 588 2,084 " «i 111 lij Closing Ceremony 634 2.051 Stand Gl. (43) Equestrian Events 634 2.051 sTd Bi: ^ ( j !” Football (League) 269 796 I’ootball (Final) 456 994 Athletics - 269 796 Toda Rowing Course Rowing 217 346 Stand C l (85) Elevate National Ciymnasiurn Annex Basket-ball Korakuen Ice Palace Boxing - 106 Lake Sagami Canoeing Hachioji Velodrome Cycling Waseda Memorial Hall Fencing Prince (diichibu Memorial I ’ootball k’ootball Field Mitsuzawa Football Field Football Opening Closing Omiya Football Field Football 283 — Total Total Ceremony Ceremony Komazawa Stadium Football Royal Box T.M. The Emperor and Empress, The 42 42 Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium Gymnastics Grown Prince and Princess, Members of Shibuya Public Hall Weight-lifting the Royal Family, lOO President and Family Komazawa No. 1 Hockey Hockey (Tround Stand A lOG Members and Secretary General 158 200 171 213 Komazawa No. 2 Hockey Hockey together with each one family member (iround Stand B Bl President, Secretary General of each In 79 70 Komazawa No. 3 Hockey Hockey ternational Federation together with each Ground one family member Nippon Budokan Hall Judo, Kendo B2 President and Secretary General of each 335 414 276 346 Komazawa Gymnasium Wrestling National Olympic Committee together National Gymnasium Swimming, Diving with each one family member Kcmigawa Course Modern Pentathlon Stand C Cl Members of the GOG with one each 85 85 Asaka Shooting Range Rifle family member and their guests Asaka Nezu Park Modern Pentathlon 02 Olympic Attachés 169 164 Karuizawa Equestrian Events 03 Chiefs of Mission of each participating 40 97 Tokorozawa Clay Shooting Clay Shooting country Range Komazawa Volley-ball Court Volley-ball 0 4 Members of each NOG and their guests 377 671 373 719 Yokohama Cultural Gymnasium Volley-ball Stand D D1 Juries 237 216 Tokyo Metropolitan Indoor W ater-polo Swimming Pool D2 Judges and Referees 476 713 462 678 Meiji Baseball Ground Demonstration 1.317 Stand G Gl Special invited overseas guests 43 43 Equestrian Park (Turf) Equestrian Events G2 Diplomatic Corps 139 182 140 183 (Ground) Total 2180 2139 Note: The 12 seats for members of the International Federation as stipulated in the Olympic Charter in Stand D were in each case situated close to Stand B, Init are included in tlie totals of C and D stands above. No special stand was provided for yachting events, but instead a special vessel of the Self Defence Forces provided this accommodation. Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Attachés Olympic Attaches (Total 92) 32 Panama Prof. Napoleon Franco, Consulado- 12 Neth. Antilles Mr. H. Burghard, General Manager General de Panama for Japan, K.L.M. At a coiii]jarativeIy early stage, the Organizing (1) Members of Embassies or Consulates in Japan (49) 33 Peru Mr. Pablo Moran Val, Third Sec 13 New Zealand Mr. Shigcru Koniio, Sanshin Enter Coniinittee asked ail the National Olyiiipic Com 1 Afghanistan Mr. Armed Zia Yussuf, Second retary, Peruvian Embassy prises Co. Secretary, Royal Afghan Embassy mittees to appoint Attachés as jjrovided for in the 34 Philippines Miss Consuelo Arranz, Embassy of 14 Rhodesia Mr. Kei Nishimura, Komatsu Ma Olympic Charter. In fact, however, six months be 2 Argentina Mr. Ruben Dereo Boiero, Embassy the Philippines nufacturing Co. of the Argentine Republic fore the Olympic Games, less than half the number 35 Poland Mr. Andrzej Jedynak, Second Sec 15 Sweden Mr. Jiro Gadelius, Gadclius Co., Ltd ol the National Olympic Committees had been so 3 Austria Dr. Klaus R. Ziegler, Second Secre retary, Embassy of the Polish People’s tary, Austrian Embassy Republic 16 Uganda Mr. T. Komuro, Toyoda Tsusho a|)])ointed by agreement with the Organizing Com Kaisha, Ltd. 4 Belgium Mr. Takahiko Hirata, Belgian Em 36 Portugal Mr. J. Takahiro Midorikawa, m ittee. bassy Vice-Consul, Portuguese Embassy 17 Uruguay Dr. Mozart Varclla, Varig Airlines Attachés were appointed comparatively early by 5 Brazil Mr. Marcos de Souza Dantas Ro 37 Taiwan Mr. Chiu Thang Sou, Assistant 18 U. S. A. Mr. Joseph S. Sykes, Sales Manager, the countries having di|jlomatic or considar mis mero, Secretary, Brazilian Embassy Cultural Attaché, Embassy of the Northwest Orient Airlines sions, or commercial firms in Ja])an. On the other Republic of China 6 Burma Mr. U Kyaw Shein, Third Secretary, (3) Members of Junior Chamber of Commerce hand, some National Olymjiic Committees of the Embassy of the Union of Burma 38 Rumania Mr. Nicolae Ion, Third Secretary, Legation of the Rumanian People’s (10, three holding two-positions) countries having no missions in Japan, or those 7 Cambodia Mr. Chea Boun Roeung, Royal Republic 1 Algeria Mr. Kinichi Inoue, Inoue Kaban-ten which had newly joined the International Olympic Cambodin Embassy 39 South Africa Mr. W. Pretorius, Consul General 2 British Guiana Mr. Fung Yu-Shing, Fung Yu-Shing Committee, appeared not to understand the import 8 Ceylon Mr. Thomas A. Kreltzshein, Secre of Republic of South Africa tary, Embassy of Ceylon Trade Co. ol the a|jpointing of Attachés. Great inconvenience 40 Spain Mr. Rafael Zaera, First Secretary, 3 Bermuda Mr. Shoichi Atarashi, Atarashi Ko- was experienced in maintaining close contact par 9 Colombia Mr. Fernando Gaitan, Minister Spanish Embassy Counsellor, Colombian Embassy muten Co. ticularly with the National 01ym]iic Committees of 41 Switzerland Mr. Claude van Muyden, First Sec 10 Costa Rica Mr. German Gago Perez, Charge 4 Cameroons Mr. Toshio Ohya, Electronics Digest Alrican and Ijatin American countries. In the retary, Swiss Embassy d’Affaires ad interim of Costa Rica 5 Chile Mr. Sadanobu Ogawa, Japan Pearls absence of contacts with their National Olympic 42 Tanganyika Mr. John Field, British Embassy 11 Cuba Mr. Eduardo Otero, Embassy of Cuba Export Co, Coninhttees, not a few countries with their mis 43 Thailand Mr. Ananda Bhoocha-oom, Commer 6 Ivory Coast Mr. Takashi Hasegawa, Hasegawa 12 Czechoslovakia Mr. Milan Vokurka, Second Secre cial Attaché, Royal Thai Embassy sions in Japan appointed their Attachés uni tary, Embassy of Czechoslovakia Pipe Co., Ltd. laterally, thus causing irregularities in the procedure 44 Trinidad & Mr. Derek Bleakley, British Embassy 7 Lebanon Mr. Takeshi Kimura, Ikari Sauce 13 Dominican Dr. Freddy Reyes Perez, First Sec Tobago of the a]j|)ointment. Republic retary, Embassy of Dominican Re Co. As the appointment of Attachés was making no public 45 Tunisia Mr. Chrif Soubra, Honorary Con 8 Libya Mr. Fung Yu-Shing, Fung Yu-Shing sulate of Tunisi particular progress even three months before the 14 Ethiopia Mr. Tesfaye Tekelehaimanot, Third Trading Co. Secretary, Imperial Ethiopian Em 46 Turkey 'I’okyo Games, the Organizing Committee jiressed Mr. Orhan Tureli, First Secretary, 9 Luxemburg Mr. Matsuto Hayakawa, Tokyo Air bassy Turkish Embassy Terminal Hotel the National Olyrujiic Committees concerned for 15 France Mr. Roger de Groote, Vice Secre 47 U.A.R. Naguib Salem, Counsellor, Embassy replies, and simultaneously issued a circular to such 10 Mali Mr. Eizo Tanabe, Director of Busi tary, PVench Embassy of U.A.R. ness Dept., Korakucn Stadium Co. countries as were thought that suitable Attachés 16 Great Britain Mr. R.H. Ellingworth, First Secre 48 Venezuela Mr. Alfredo Enrique Vargas, Consul 11 Monaco Mr. Toshio Ohya, Electronics Digest would likely to be difficult to obtain, suggesting that tary, British Embassy General (lualified Japanese might be recommended in their 12 Puerto Rico Mr. Takashi Miyamoto, Ginza 17 Greece Mr. Constantin Migliaressis, First 49 Yugoslavia Mr. Jakic Svetomir, Press and Bakery Co. ]jlaces. As a result, official recjuests to find such Secretary, Royal Greek Embassy Culture Attaché, Embassy of Yugo slavia 13 Chad Mr. Kinichi Inoue, Inoue Kaban-ten Ja])anese were received from Monaco, Libya, Leba 18 G hana Mr. Alberto Quainoo, Embassy of Ghana non, Algeria, Chile, Cameroun, Chad, British Those despatched from the country concerned (10) Guiana, Bermuda, Ivory Coast, Mali, Luxemburg, 19 H ungary Mr. Mihaly Jozsa, Second Secretary, (2) Members of Commercial or Air Lines Companies Hungarian Legation 1 Bolivia Mr. Jorge Jauregui and others. Cooperation of the Tokyo Junior (17, one holding two-positions) 20 Iceland Mr. Syuseki Tai, Iceland Consul 2 Bulgaria Mrs. Nadia Lekarska Chambers was sought, and ten youthful business 1 Australia Mr. John D. Alderson, Qantas Em 3 Finland Mr. Martti Lintulahti (in Finland) men well versed in foreign languages were recom 21 India Col. C.S. Mehta, Military Naval and pire Airways Air Attaché, Embassy of India Mr. Pentti Karikoski mended. The Organizing Committee completed 2 Bahamas Mr. James Hoffman, Welty & Hoffman Go. 4 Germany (East) Mr. Gerhard Kleinlein their ap])ointnient as Attachés, and instructed them 22 Indonesia Mr. Hen Surianegara, Counsellor, Indonesian Embassy 5 Italy Gen. Guiseppe Fabre propeily as to the function recjuircd of them. The 3 Canada Mr. Mike Spencer, Asahi Evening News 23 Iran Mr. M. Hassan Etessam, Iranian 6 Mongolia Mr. Lombyn Zenemeder self-sacrificing efforts of these Attachés, selected Imperial Embassy 4 Denmark Mr. Kaj Wolhardt, Wolhardt Bro from the members of the Junior Chambers to assist 7 Morocco Mr. Fatani Charles 24 Jam aica Mr. Tom Preston, British Embassy thers, Ltd. (Japan) with the teams of those comparatively young or 8 North Korea Mr. Ri Hyun 25 Korea Mr. Houn Pyun, First Secretary, 5 Hong Kong Mr. Reijiro Hattori, c/o WAKO small countries, and not well acquainted with the Korean Mission 9 Senegal 6 Ii’aq Mr. Kimio Yada, Asahi Shimbun Mr. Abdoulaye Sar conditions of Japan, were very deeply appreciated 26 Liberia Mr. Kikuo Kuroda, Honoray Consul 10 U. S. S. R. Mr. Nikolai Vassiliev by those teams. 7 Ireland Mr. Eiji Nanri, Nanri Trading Co., 27 Malaysia Mr. Ismail Budin, Third Secretary, Ltd. The number of the Attachés at the time of the Embassy of Malaysia (g) Others (6) 8 Israel Mr. Shoul N. Eisenberg, Eisenberg Games was 92, and these are listed in the table 1 Congo Mrs. Reiko Yamamoto 28 Mexico Mr. Sarabia Eduardo Navarrete, & Co., Inc. which follows: Embassy of Mexico 9 Kenya Mr. Shigeo Masuyama, Nippon 2 Germany (West) Prof. Takayuki Fukuoka 29 Nigeria Mr. A.S. Hohler, British Embassy Rayon Co., Ltd. 3 Japan Mr. Kan Shiozawa 30 Norway Mr. Thorleif Monsen, Honorary 10 Liechtenstein Mr. H. Bloechliger, Manager, Lieber- 4 Nepal Mr. Ram Krishna Verma Consul of Norway m ann Waelchli & Co. 5 Viet Nam Mr. Le Van Qiiy 31 Pakistan Mr. Arshad-uz-Zaman, Press Atta 11 Netherlands Mr. H. Burghard, General Manager ché, Pakistan Embassy for Japan, K.L.M. 6 Zambia Mr. Baker Bates Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Identity Cards the Games was not realized, however the necessity of appearance in person for visa was dispensed with, Completion of the Identity Cards by the Organiz to stamp the names of the sites for which the ing Committee and the Protocol of the Olympic The issuance of Identity Cards and control of entry and collective application by a representative to any Cards would be effective, and to return the Card Games The Identity Cards proved uniformly into Japan In accordance with the established Japanese Consulate was made possible. Applicants to the bearer in a card-case bearing the same num effective as far as the bearers’ entrance and depar practice ol past Olympic Games, Identity Cards were exempted from visa fees. Identity Card bers as the Cards, together with badges corresjjond- ture were concerned. Inasmuch, however, as the were issued to the comiJctitors, officials, journalists, bearers were received at the point of entry in Japan, ing to their status. Many of these ID Cards were Cards had been sent in blank to the NOC’s and etc., for the jrurposes of simplifying the entry pro with a minimum of formality, requiring only a submitted, however, in groups in the days immedi ISF’s concerned, it was necessary to have them cedures, to clarify the ciualifications of the bearers, brief inspection by the Immigration Control Of ately before the opening of the Games, and this presented to the Organizing Committee for final was complicated by the fact that there were only a and to aflord them various facilities during the ficers. It was gratifying to note that no incidents completion after entry to Japan. This was neces Games. Great care was taken in jjreparing this whatsoever occurred in connection with entrance very small number of National Olympic Commit sary also to establish the status of the bearer and card to ensure that no discrimination whatsoever and departure of ]tarticipants from any country. tees which had complied with the earnest requests to ensure that the correct Protocol of the Olympic would be made to any Olympic jtarticipants. The The term of validity of the Identity Card was of the Organizing Committee to submit the lists Games was maintained. The actual procedure was Japanese Government had made a definite promise the 90 days between 15th August and 14th Novem of the persons to whom ID Cards had been issued to the 1 ntertiational Olympic Committee at the ber 1964. This term was in fact a very appropriate beginning, that participants would be admitted into one to facilitate the activities of those concerned this country without any discrimination. However, with the Games. dillcrent legal cotitrol procedures apply to jjersons Number of ID cards issued from abroad entering Japan, and this made the Forms of the Identity Cards The form of the preparation of a uniform Identity Card a matter of Identity Cards will be found on these pages. By Classification AB C D EF G Total some difficulty. Entrance procedures for persons reason of the difference in signatories, two general NOC (including IOC) arriving in Japan from foreign countries can be kinds of Cards were prepared, one for the National 83 247 399 7,459 8,188 IF classified as follows: Olympic Committees and the other for the Inter 58 981 1,039 national Sport Federations. Specially manufactured Press (including photographers) 1,332 1,332 {1 ) Countries with which agreements have been waterproof texture paper was used for both so that Resident International Press Corps 175 175 made by which visas are not required. the Cards would not be defaced or spoiled by Radio, Television 384 384 (G included (2) Countries whose citizens, in the absence of Organizing Committee 37 171 208 moisture. The paper was watermarked to prevent Diplomatic Corps) any visa agreement, are required to obtain an en s I forgery. A serial number was printed on the Iden Total 83 342 399 981 1,891 7,459 171 11,326 trance visa at a Japanese Consular Office abroad. tity Card, and this number was used during the (3) Countries having diplomatic relations with jjeriod of the Games for the bearers identification. Ja])an whose citizens are required, in addition to the Upon arrival in Japan, the data concerning the necessary visa, to also have a guarantor. bearer on his ID Card, including the number, was (4) Citizens of countries with whom Japan does fed into the IBM computor system. This system not enjoy diplomatic relations, are not admitted in Validity of ID cards by classification enabled the checking with individual entries, principle to enter Japan (e.g. East Germany, North prompt reporting of the records, and other routine Korea, and Albania). Cate Serial matters to be greatly facilitated. Colour Bearer gory No. Aceessible Scat Particular efforts were taken to enable the Iden The Organizing Committee prepared also vinyl tity Cards to be used by the jsarticipants of the cases with the same serial number as that of the A White 1-199 Members of IOC Stand A in all stadiums; the Olympic Village countries under (3) and (4) to enter Japan for the Identity Cards. These cases were classified by Tokyo Olympic Games. colour into the following seven different categories B Green 200 Presidents and Secretary Generals of NOC Stand B of main stadium and each stadium; - 8 9 9 and ISF, and one member of their family the Olympic Village With the cooperation of the various Govern to signify the status of the ID Card bearers. This mental sections involved (the Ministry of Foreign card-case was handed to each bearer on completion C Brown 1000 Member of Organizing Committee, Chiefs Stand C of main stadium and each stadium. -1 9 9 9 of Mission, Olympic Attachés, and guest of The Olympic Village is accessible for the Chiefs Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, and the Cabinet of the ID Card after arrival in this country. NOC of Mission and Olympic Attachés. Council Room), the Identity Card issued by the D Y ellow 5000 International Juries Stand D of main stadium and each stadium Organizing Committee was officially recognized in -6 9 9 9 of the respective game Stand E May 1964 as a document to be used in lieu of an E Red 20000 Journalists Stand E of all stadia official passport. The Organizing Committee -2 2 9 9 9 proni]jtly sent samples of the Identity Cards and F Blue 10000 Competitors and Team officials Stand F of main stadium and the stadium of — 19999 the respective game. Team doctors, masseurs, regulations for their use to the National Olympic and one official per 80 competitors were permit Committees, with the request that they approach ted to enter the stadia. their res]rective Governments to obtain their ap G Purple 2000 Guests of the Organizing Committee The designated seats of Stand G of all the stadia proval. Subsequently, on the basis of the data from —3100 the ]rreliniinary inquiries concerning the number of Note: 1. In order to facilitate checking at the entrances to venues, red stamps were imprinted on the Identity Cards with the wording “All the ]rartici]3ants, the Organizing Committee towards Venues” for a person permitted to enter all the stadia, “O.V.” for one authorized to enter the Olympic Village, and the name of the sport the end of July began to forward the actual Identi for persons permitted to enter one particular sport. ty Cards for their Governments approval. 2. For the provision that “one transferable ticket to be allotted for every twenty competitors” applicable to members of the National Apart from those countries not requiring visas, Olympic Committees and their guests, provided for in Art. 48 of the Olympic Charter, ID Card C with the words TRANSFERABLE imprinted on general abolition of visas for entrance to Japan for it were in principle handed to the Chief of Mission after the arrival of the team and after ascertaining the number of ID Cards issued to com petitors of that particular Committee. Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 92 93 before the actual arrival of the delegations. Inas There were however, more than ten countries, in ID cards issued to each NOC much as the Cards had of necessity to be forwarded cluding the United States of America, Canada, the NOC A BG D E F Total to the National Olympic Committees and the Inter Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, which did not re national Sport Federations, etc., in blank, the final cognize the substitution of the Identity Cards for Afghanistan 1 1 1 9 ( 3) 15 review was recognized as being important for passports for reasons of their internal legislation. Algeria 2 2 Protocol purposes of the Olympic Games provided Participants from those countries used the Identity Argentina 4 2 12 95 (39) 152 for in the Olymjjic Charter, and for control of access Cards as well as their regular passports for their Australia 4 4 7 28 265 (21) 329 to the Olympic Village and the stadia and venues. entrance to Japan. Austria 2 1 15 59(24) 101 On 10th Se])teniber, therefore, a registration centre In addition to the privileges of access to desig British Guiana 1 1 1 ( 1) 4 was set up in the hall on the ground floor of the nated stadia as outlined above, the facilities af Bahamas 1 2 10 ( 2) 15 Organizing Committee headquarters. With a staff forded to the bearers of the Identity Cards upon Barbados 1 1 of 45 ])ersons (including 25 interpreters mainly for their arrival in Tokyo were as follows: Belgium 1 1 7 8 62 (14) 93 English, Frencli, Spanish, German, and Russian), ( 1 ) Summary customs clearance at the time of Bermuda 4 1 9 ( 1) 15 this section Iiandled the completion of Identity entrance or departure. Bolivia 1 1 2 3 7 Cards, matters concerning entrance and departure, (2) Free passage on all transport facilities pro Brazil 2 4 5 17 70 (17) 115 arrival of teams, collection of information on the vided by the Organizing Committee. Great Britain 4 2 14 54 222 (57) 353 partici]jants’ departure, registration of individual (3) Free admission into parks, zoological gar Bulgaria 1 3 6 2 59 (14) 85 entries, and related matters. Though as stated dens, museums, art galleries, etc. Birma 2 11 ( 4) 17 above, some |)ressure was ex];erienced in efficiently (4) Free passage on public and private railway, Cambodia 2 1 5 ( 4) 12 dealing with the rush of II) Cards submitted during tranicar, bus, underground railway, etc., transpor Cameroons 1 1 1 1 4 the few days before the Games, the overall matters tation facilities in Tokyo. Canada 1 4 6 10 119 (30) 170 were otherwise disposed of without incident. From Public enterprises were quick to grant this per Ceylon 2 1 1 6 ( 1) 11 the period 14th September to 17th October, a daily mission for the privilege of the free use of the Chad 1 1 2 4 average of 310 Cards were completed. The peak transport facilities. With more than ten private Chile 4 3 1 16 ( 5) 29 was reached on 4th October with 1,037 Cards. conqtanies managing the complicated network of Colombia 4 2 2 21 (11) 40 The total of the submitted Identity Cards was transport facilities around Tokyo, the negotiation Congo 3 2 5 11,326, the details of which are given in appendix was more complicated and agreement was not Costa Rica 2 3 ( 1) 6 tables. reached until much later. Cooperation was finally Cuba 2 1 2 42 (15) 62 In completing the Identity Cards, the bearers’ obtained from all private companies concerned, and Czechoslovakia 1 4 8 10 110 (27) 160 entrance to the Olympic Village, stadia, etc., was the free passage for the Olympic participants was Denmark 1 4 2 20 66 (20) 113 regulated in accordance with their status as fol realized. Dominican Republic 1 1 1 1 ( 1) 5 lows: Ecuador 1 1 Ethiopia 2 2 12 ( 5) 21 Breakdown of ID cards allocated to International Fiji 1 1 Note 1. In order to facilitate checking at the en Sports Federations trances to venues, red stamps were im- Finland 2 2 26 92 (28) 150 ])rinted on the Identity Cards with the IF A B C )) E F G Total France 4 4 16 48 154 (34) 260 Germany (East) 4 19 12 194 (66) 295 wording “All Venues” for a person ])er- MBA 2 66 68 Germany (West) 1 4 17 68 182 (78) 350 niitted to enter all the stadia, “O.V.” for FEI 3 8 11 Ghana 4 2 1 42 ( 5) 54 one authorized to enter the 01ym|3ic Vil FI BA 4 46 50 Greece 2 1 2 6 22 ( 7) 40 lage, and the name of the sjrort for persons FIE 4 83 87 Haiti 1 1 l)ermitted to enter one particular S]3ort. FIFA 4 83 87 Hong Kong 2 1 9 42 ( 0) 60 Note 2. For the provision that “one transferable FIG 3 90 93 Hungary 1 2 2 12 201 (62) 280 ticket to be allotted for every twenty com- FIHC 10 10 Iceland 2 1 1 4 8 ]3etitors” applicable to members of the Na FILA 3 106 109 India 2 3 1 16 61 (19) 102 tional Olympic Committees and their FINA 4 146 150 Indonesia 1 12 13 guests, jrrovided for in Art. 48 of the FISA 2 34 36 Iran 1 4 2 4 64 (21) 96 01yni])ic Charter, II) Card C with the FIVE 4 89 93 Iraq 4 4 17 (10) 35 words TRANSFERABLE imprinted on it lAAF 4 23 27 Ireland 1 1 2 4 27 (13) 48 were in principle handed to the Chief of IGF 3 33 36 Israel 4 2 4 10 22 Mission after the arrival of the team and IHF 3 49 52 ( 2) after ascertaining the number of ID Cards Italy 2 3 17 53 189 (54) 318 IJF 4 35 39 Ivory Coast 3 1 9 16 issued to competitors of that particular lY R U 1 19 20 ( 3) Jam aica 3 3 1 18 29 C om m ittee. U C l 2 8 10 ( 4) .Japan 4 4 27 420 360 (79) 894 Facilities afforded on the Identity Cards The UIPM 4 13 17 Kenya 2 2 2 2 41 61 Identity Cards issued by the Organizing Committee UIT 4 40 44 (12) were recognized by most of the countries as sub Korea 4 1 31 171 (58) 265 stitutes for “official” passports of that country. Total 58 981 1,039 Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 94 95 International Sport Federations. NOC 1 B CD E F Total Provision for the Officials’ Since that time the Organizing Committee had Libya 1 1 2 taken every opportunity to more specifically ascer Living Quarters Lebanon 1 1 3 1 7 tain the numbers coming from each of the National Liberia 3 2 1 2) B Apart from the competitors and team officials who Olympic Committees and the International S]rort Liechtenstein 1 2 2 5 lived in the Olympic Village, and the journalists Federations. Replies W'ere not easily obtained in Jaixeinburg 2 2 10 3) 17 and others who were billeted in the Press House, many cases. In particular, the number of the M adagascar 1 3 4 the Organizing Committee, under the Olympic juries of the International Sport Federations was M alaysia 4 2 6 67 26) 105 Charter, was required to secure accommodation in very hard to ascertain. Towards the end of 1963, M ali 3 2 2 7 Tokyo for certain other officials, viz.; members of estimates formed on the basis of the collected in Morocco 2 4 5 1 25 11) 48 the International Olympic Committee and their formation tended to exceed expectation. 'Fhe exist Mexico 2 4 (i 17 101 32) 162 family members, the Presidents and Secretary Gen ing hotels in Tokyo were by that time, however, M onaco 1 1 1) 3 erals of the National Olympic Committees and their already reserved to capacity by general tourists Mongolia 2 1 1 21 11) 36 family members, the Presidents and Secretary Gen from abroad, and the situation a]rpeared indeed North Korea 2 13 15 erals of the International Sport Federations and serious. Thanks to some assistance gratefully re Northern Rhodesia 3 1 13 17 their family members, as well as international juries ceived from Governmental sources, the Organizing Nepal 1 5 3) 9 and others who were appointed by the International Committee was allotted approximately 600 beds Neth. Antilles 4 2 4 2) 12 Sport Federations. The problem of accommodation in the hotels newly constructed with advances from Netherlands 2 4 10 19 133 35) 203 was in fact a major problem for the Organizing the Japan Development Bank. Formal contracts Niger 3 1 2) 6 Committee, in view of the shortage of hotel beds in were concluded in August 1964 with all the hotels Nigeria 1 2 3 3 17 7) 33 Tokyo and the difficulty, even immediately before concerned. Norway 2 4 4 17 30 12) 69 the commencement of the Games, to accurately Except for the Imperial Flotel, the number of New Zealand 4 5 7 68 19) 103 ascertain the actual number of those officials who the officials who actually came to Japan was on an Puerto Rico 3 3 2 33 16) 57 were in fact coming to Tokyo. Such circumstances average 30% fewer than this final accommodation Pakistan 2 4 4 3 62 14) 89 were envisaged in advance, and preparations for provided. As the Organizing Committee had given Panama 4 1 2 14 8) 29 the accommodations for officials were started at an the hotels a minimum guarantee of payment for a Peru 1 1 1 2 3) 8 early date. With the knowledge of the actual situ certain period, the loss sustained on this account Philippines 2 4 7 12 67 25) 117 ations that prevailed at the time of the past Olym was approximately 15 million yen (US$41,666). Poland 1 3 2 15 167 54) 242 pic Games, the required number was estimated at In order to avoid any omission in the Organizing Portugal 2 2 5 20 13) 42 approximately 1,000 beds. In 1962, preliminary Committee’s attention to the Olymjric officials dur Rhodesia 4 2 1 30 4) 41 allocation was kindly given by the Imperial Hotel, ing the Games in Tokyo, a liaison office was set up Rum ania 1 4 8 5 211 38) 267 which had been closely connected with Japan’s in each hotel involved, between 25th September South Africa 1 2 3 sport circles, for 250 beds for the International and 30th October, w4th a competent staff including Senegal 2 2 12 5) 21 Olympic Committee and the National Olympic interpreters, to supply information concerning the Spain 4 (i 10 62 30) 112 Committees, and by the Daiichi Hotel for 750 beds Games, handle the marshalling or cars, and other Sweden 2 1 5 38 117 33) 196 being its entire newly constructed Annex, for the purposes as required. A includes 5 Switzerland Ij^ 5 4 2 15 71 30) 127 IOC chancel Taiw an 4 3 12 51 25) 95 lery members i m 'I'anganyika 4 1 4 4) 13 Table showing accommodation officials from overseas Thailand 4 (i 9 75 25) 119 Beds Total beds Total used Trinidad & Tobago 1 2 2 13 4) 22 Hotel Title Period Unused reserved reserved beds beds % of use d’unisia 4 3 1 9 7) 24 'Purkey I 3 3 3 27 5) 42 Imperial Hotel IOC Member, 260 Sept./12~O ct./21 5,801 5,393 408 93% U . A. R. 4 4 4 (i 123 33) 174 ISF President U . S. A. m 4 4 27 10(1 360 126) 627 Dai-ichi Hotel ISF Officials 763 Oct./ l~ O c t./1 9 12,692 9,284 3,408 73% U. S. s. R. 4 4 23 59 382 106) 578 Hotel New Otani N O C, Press 204 !sept./25~Oct./25 5,124 4,355 760 85% Uganda 2 15 3) 20 Tokyo Prince Hotel NOC 112 Sept./25~O ct./25 3,156 2,121 1,035 68% U ruguay .3 4 2 23 12) 46 Fairmont Hotel NOC 5 Sept./30~ Oct./25 122 31 91 26% Venezuela 2 1 2 1 20 9) 35 Haneda Tokyu Hotel NOC 54 .Sept./25~Oct./25 1,340 336 1,004 26% Viet Nam 4 2 4 17 19) 46 Air Terminal Hotel NOC 20 Oct./ 2~Oct./25 468 79 389 17% \higoslavia I 2 6 11 76 16) 112 Tokyo Kanko Hotel NOG 17 Sept./25~Oct./25 442 162 280 37% Kawasaki Nikko Hotel NOC 5,748(1 _^11) 24 |Sept./25~Oct./25 620 93 527 15% Hayama Marina Hotel ISF 33 S ept./24~O ct./24 721 533 188 74% 'Potal 83 247 399 1,332 7,4 9,520 Karuizawa Mampei Hotel ISF, Press 99 O ct./ 5~ O ct./20 1,044 378 6(i6 36% I'igurcs in parentheses under F represent team oflicial Total 1,591 31,530 22,765 8,765 72% Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library t, *-n R p / i ^ î If 1 ; » » f 1 V f* f t f f , ^ -,(jj j ., ^ - 9(i 9 7 m 1'he iuini[)er of the stafT iiieinbers stationed at arrival, a close network of contacts was established Kiyoshi Takashima the liaison offices was as follows: among the Foreign Affairs Division of the Organiz The 62nd General Session of Masaji Iguro Shigeru Yosano i>»i ing Committee, the Olympic Village, the hotels, the International Olympic Committee liiS? and the aviation companies concerned. Participants Tomoo Sato It is an established custom for the International Hotel No. of (Inter arriving by regular air services were received mostly Yukiaki Iwata Staff preters) at the Committee’s Information Counter set up in Olympic Committee to open its General Session in Mitsuaki Maeda (Ministry of Education) the lobby for arrivals, with cooperation from air the host city immediately before the Olympic Haruka Seki (Tokyo Metropolitan Govern Im perial 17 (11) port hostesses. A ribbon was put on each visitor Games. The 62nd General Session, therefore, was m ent) Dai-ichi 27 (18) so as to distinguish him from general passengers, held by 59 members of the International Olympic The members of the Executive Committee met Committee, for the main part in the International ten times before the end of September, and pro New Otaiii 21 (16) and he was led to the special Olympic gateway. The formalities of quarantine, immigration, cus Conference Room of the Nissei Theatre in Tokyo. ceeded with concrete preparations, subject to the Tokyo Prince 15 (12) toms clearance, and the like, were summarily com- Usually the National Olympic Committee of the approval of the International Olympic Committee, Haneda Tokyu 7 (4) jjleted, and the visitors were conducted immedi host country is in charge of preparations for the and arranged the schedule of the General Session ately to their accommodation either by buses or General Session. The 62nd General Session, how as follows: Air Terminal 4 (3) jtassenger cars. For chartered airplanes, an ar ever, was prepared principally by the Foreign Af Tokyo Kanko 5 Joint Conference of the IOC Executive Board and (4) rival gateway different from that for scheduled fairs Division of the Organizing Committee as an NOC Representatives On 3rd October, between Kawasaki Nikko 4 (3) airlines was used, and special facilities for quaran integral part of the Tokyo Olympic Games. In 9:30 a.m. and 5:30 p.m. in the international con tine, immigration, and customs was provided. The May 1964, the following Executive Committee was Karuizawa Mainpei 2 (1) ference room of the Akasaka Prince Hotel, a joint foreign visitors were then transported from that inaugurated for the preparation of the General Hayama Mariner 2 conference was held between the International (1) [3oint directly to the Olympic Village, without being Session, in cooperation with the Japanese Olympic Olympic Committee, with President Brundage and required to enter the Airport building. All these C om m ittee: eight members of the Executive Board, and 150 procedures were accomplished without any delay President representatives of 71 National Olympic Committees. The Haneda Reception Office or confusion whatsoever. Tsuneyoshi Takeda The proceedings were translated into English and In view of the geographical position of I’okyo, The same ajjplied at the Airport to the visitors Members of the Committee French by simultaneous translators brought from 95% of the competitors, officials, and jouritalists at the time of their departure. Shingoro Takaishi Europe by the Organizing Committee. That even arrived at or departed from the Tokyo International The vessels connected with the Olympic Games Ryotaro Azuma ing President Yasukawa of the Organizing Com Airport cither by chartered air]tlanes or by regular that entered and left Yokohama Port numbered Hanji Aoki mittee gave a reception at the Tokyo Prince Hotel air services. S]jecial care was taken for their recep more than fifty. Almost all of these vessels car Tatsuo Hisatomi for those who attended the conference. tion at the Airport, to conduct the arriving visitors, ried bulky cargoes, such as boats, yachts, horses, Hitoshi Kihara to facilitate such formalities as immigration, quar etc., but only very few passengers. No personnel Tetsuo Ohba The Executive Board Meeting of the IOC On antine, and customs clearance, and to transport were therefore, stationed at the wharf all times, Ichiro Sawada 4th and 5th October and on the forenoon of 6th them from the Airj)ort to the Olympic Village or but staff in charge of transportation were sent from Hironoshin Furuhashi October, the Executive Board of the International other quarters. The Ministry of Transportation, the Haneda Office as necessity arose. Kan Shiozawa Olympic Committee held a meeting at the Imjjerial the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of I lealtli and Welfare, as well as THE 62ND SESSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE the Police and the Airport Building officials were most generous in the cooperation they extended. Date M O R N IN G AFTERNOON (9.30— 12.30) (14.30— 17.30) EVENING Beginning in August 1963, several joint conferences were held with the Airport agents of these Minis 3rd Oct. (Sat.) MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE tries. In this way, the Organizing Cotnmittee en I.O.C. WITH THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE N.O.C. (Akasaka Prince Hotel) deavoured to ensure that maximum jjreparation 4th Oct. (Sun.) MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD was completed to secure promjjt and orderly con (Imperial Hotel) duct ol procedures at the time of the arrival or 5th Oct. (Mon.) MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD DINNER PARTY FOR THE EXECU departure of the ]mrticipants in the Games. On (Imperial Hotel) TIVE MEMBERS OF I.O.C. Given by Dr. Azuma lOth September 1964, the Haneda Recejjtion Office (Mitsui Club) ol the Organizing Committee was set up with as 6th Oct. (Tue.) —Reserved— OPENING CEREMONY OF TEA PARTY FOR THE MEMBERS OF many as 90 members from the foreign affairs, pro (Imperial Hotel) THE 62ND SESSION OF I.O.C. THE I.O.C. (Nissei Theatre) Patron: H.M. The Emperor of Japan tocol, transportation and communication, jtress, and (Imperial Palace) other divisions or sections of the Committee. 7th Oct. (Wed.) THE 62ND SESSION OF THE I.O.C. DINNER PARTY The greatest number of Olympic Identity Card (Nissei International Congress Hall) Given by the President of J.O.C. bearers |3assing through the Tokyo International (Imperial Hotel) 8th Oct. (Thu.) THE 62ND SESSION OF THE I.O.C. Airport arrived in Japan between 29th Seistember (Ni.ssei International Congress Hall) and 3rd October, and left the country between the 9th Oct. (Fri.) THE 62ND SESSION OF THE I.O.C. 24th and 28th of October. Arrangements had (Nissei International Congress Hall) 10th Oct. (Sat.) been made in the Haneda Office, es]3ecially for OPENING CEREMONY OF PARTY IN COMMEMORATION OF these periods, to |3io\ ide a 24 hour service. To THE OLYMPIC GAMES 70TH YEAR OF I.O.C. ensure correct collation of infomation on times of Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library '"'Ssgsaisg?'”*’ ■VA ' ' President Brundage addresses the 62nd Session of IOC H. M. The Eiriperor of Japan proclaims open the G2nd (Jeneral Session of the IOC The General Session of the International Olympic members had the s])ecial honour of being invited Motel, attcnclcc! ity eio;lu inenihcrs of the Executive • Orchestra—“Olympic Hymn” Committee The 62nd General Session was held to the tea party given in the Imperial Palace by Hoard, the Secretary General and other nietiibers Composer: Spiro Samara (translated by for three days between 7th and 9th of October in Their Majesties the Emperor and the Empress. of tlie Ghanceiiery only. No simultaneous transla Akira Nogami) the international conference room of the Nissei Hall On the evening of 7th October, with the presence tion was used. Gn the evening of 5th October, Orchestral Music: the NHK Symphony near the Imperial Hotel, where the members of of ’Ehe Crown Prince and Princess, the official a dinner party was given at the Mitsui Club by O rchestra the International Olympic Committee were staying. dinner of the International Olympic Committee was Dr. Azunia, a nieniber of the International Olyngric Chorus: the Tokyo Broadcasting Chorus English and French simultaneous translation was given at the Imjrerial Hotel jointly by President Coininittee, and Mrs. Azunia to the members of the Group & the Tokyo Philharmonic provided. The new international conference room Takeda of the Japanese Olymjnc Committee and Executive Board ol the International Olyin|jic Chorus Group was very well appointed with lounges, anterooms, Governor Azuma of Tokyo. On 10th October, the Committee and their family members. • Address by the President of the Japanese and offices, and the Session was conducted smoothly 70th Anniversary of the International Olympic Olympic Committee and to the satisfaction of the participants. The Committee was celebrated in the plaza in front of Opening Ceremony of the 62nd General Session • Greetings by the Governor of Tokyo members of the International Olympic Committee the National Stadium under the ausjrices of Presi In May 1958, the 54th General Session of the • Speech by the President of the International who took part in the General Session are named in dent Yasukawa of the Organizing Committee. International Olympic Committee was held in Olympic Committee the table which follows: During the meetings of the General Sessions, 4’okyo. With this ex])erience, the Executive Com • “Impromptu with Ryuteki (flute) and Odai- sightseeing trips in the city and to Nikko were or mittee for the irrejiaration of the 62nd General ko (d ru m )” Events related to the General Session Towards ganized with the cooperation of the Tokyo Metro Session wanted ])articularly to give the Opening Composer: Matsuhiro Ito the evening of 6th October, after the Opening politan Government, for the families of the mem Ceremony a cfiaracteristic Japanese flavour. The Flute: Sukeyasu Shiba Ceremony of the General Session of the Interna bers of the International Olymjnc Committee. Ceremony Section, therefore, was set up in the Large Drum: Kisaku Katada tional Olympic Committee, the members of the Companions from the Organizing Committee ac Executive Committee, with Mr. Ikkaku Matsuzawa • Piano Concerto—“Coronation” International Olympic Committee and their family companied the families during the tri]rs. as its Chief and with experts as its members who Composer: Mozart worked hard to prepare the programme for the Orchestral Music: the NHK Symphony occasion. O rchestra List of delegates to the 62nd IOC General Session As it had been arranged that His Majesty the Piano Soloist: Kazuko Yasukawa Name Country Emperor of Japan would honour the General Ses The “Impromptu with Ryuteki and Odaiko” was Familv‘ Member sion by His presence at the Session and jtroclaim music with purely Japanese flavour, set by the its opening, faultless preparations were made by young composer and played with a combination of Mr. Avery Brundage U. S. A. Mrs. Avery Brundage mobilizing the Divisions of the Organizing Com flute and drum only. Very significantly, the piano mittee in charge not only for the smooth per solo of Mozart’s “Coronation” was played by Mrs. Mr. Armand Massard France formance of the ceremony, but also for orderly Kazuko Yasukawa, wife of the third son of President The Marquess of Exeter Great Britain The Marchioness of Exeter, Lady Vicloria traffic, trans]30rtation, and jjolicing around the Yasukawa of the Organizing Committee, and a C’ecil building for the ceremony, and for ])ress matters. pianist of international note. Mr. G. D. Sondhi I ’he 0])ening Ceremony was held for one and a Those who were invited to the Opening Cere India half hours from 3:00 p.m. on 6th October in the mony of the General Session of the International Mr. Marte R. Gomez Mexico Mrs. Marie R. Gomez Nissei 'I'hcatre. It was performed with dignified Olympic Committee totalled 1,380. They were, in Sir Arthur Porritt New Zealand ceremony to the ex|tressed satisfaction of all the addition to the members of the International Olym- Hon. Jorge B. Vargas ])artici])ants. ]tic Committee and their family members, represen Philippines Mrs. Jorge B. Vargas The programme of the Opening Ceremony of the tatives of the National Olympic Committees, of Mr. J. W. Rangell Finland General Session was as follows: ficials of the International Sport Federations, Mr. Shingoro Takaishi Ja p an • Orchestra—“Etenraku” leaders of the competitors’ teams. Attachés, Ambas Dr. Joseph G. A. Gruss Coni]toser: Hidemaro Konoe sadors and Ministers, members of the Japanese Czechoslovakia Orchestral Music: the NHK Sym]thony Olympic Committee, officials of the Organizing Mr. Reginald Honey South Africa O rchestra Committee, Japanese of distinguished service to the Mr. Jean Ketseas Greece Mrs. Jean Ketseas Conductor: Hiroyuki Iwaki Olympic movement, representatives of the Japanese Gen. C. F. Pahud de Mortanges • Proclamation of the ojrening by His Majesty governmental organs and cooperating organizations Netherlands the Emperor of Jajran concerned. Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 100 0 © 0 © fis D > 2-. o ^ S P Name Country Family Member 0 n O 3 D“ . OQ > P 3 > p a' Mr. Bcncdikt Cî. Waage Iceland 0 CTQ 0 n “ Mr. Hugh Weir Australia Mrs. Hugh Weir CO o T3 3 n Mr. Sidney Dawes Canada 2.3 S3 Raja Bhalindra Singh India S 3. Rani Bhalindra Singh n M r. Bo Kkehind Sweden a 3 Mr. Erik von Frcnckell Finland Mrs. Erik von Frenckell 0 @ @ c M r. John Jew ett G arland U .S . A. Mrs. John Jewett Garland 0 > P 2 r ~0 O v> p r+ p 0 Mr. O. Ditlev Sirnonsen, Jr. Norway Mrs. O. Ditlev Simonsen, Jr. 0 3 0 p ' ’TJ n ’ 0 Dr. Ryotaro Azuma > ~-a Jap an D o' CTQ 3 o 3 p P 3 Mr. Constantin Andrianow U. S. S. R. n p 0 2 c 0 3 Comte de Beaumont France Viscountess of Ribes, Princess D’Aremberg, 3 0 0 3 c r 0 3_ (T) 0 r+ p ’ n5 Princess Furtenberg ro w w Lord Luke Great Britain Lady Luke Mr. Wlodzimierz Reczek Poland Mr. Hadj Mohammed Benjelloun Morocco Mrs. Hadj Mohammed Benjelloun © © @ Sir A. Ademola Nigeria Gen. Raoul Pereira de Castro Portugal Mrs. Raoul Pereira de Castro o 0 p Mr. Jean Havelangc 3 Brazil Mrs. Jean Havelange 0 ~ap TO p Mr. Marc Holder Switzerland D n 0 Mr. Arpad Csanadi H ungary 3 'ïiÿMr. Giulio Onesti Italy Mrs. Giulio Onesti •^•H.R.H. Prince Alexander of Merodo Belgium ■^VMr. Silvio Magalhaes Padilha Brazil tVMr. Jonkheer Herman A. van Karnebcek Netherlands Mrs. Jonkheer Herman A. van Karnebeek © © © Sang Beck I.ec Korea z K ? O -Tl g (Honorary Member) n ^ “ o X* H.E. Alfredo Benavidès C. Peru Miss. I. BenavidèSj Miss B. Benavidès X (IOC Secretariats) 3 V Mr. Eric Jonas (General Secretary) Switzerland n o Mrs. L. Zanchi Switzerland 0 3 Miss Myriarn Meuwly Switzerland 3 tV indicates new members o p s Q rt> 3 3 ~a 3 ^ ro o O r t f *-i OQ O p n 7T 3 o s; aq3 Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Time-Table International Congress of Sport Sciences Oct. 3 Sat. 9: 00 a.m. Opening Ceremony 10: 30 a.m. 10: 40 a.m. Special Lecture 0: 30 p.m. “Traditional Sports in Japan” 2 :0 0 p.m. Executive Committee Meetings of FIMS, FIEP Oct. 4 Sun. 6: 00 p.m. Reception: 8 :0 0 p.m. Jointly sponsored by the Olympic Organizing Committee and the Japanese Union of Sport Sciences SPORTS MEDICINE (XV FIMS) COMMON FIELD PHYSICAL EDUCATION Oct. 5 Mon. 9: 00 a.m. Free Free Communication Symposium: Personality Traits 10: 30 a.m. Communication of Sportsman 10: 30 a.m. Symposium: Free Communication Free Communication 12: 00 noon Prevention of Sports Injury 1: 30 p.m. 15 th General Assembly of FIMS Free Communication Symposium : Olympic 5: 00 p.m. Movement and its Influence on Physical Education 7 :00 p.m. Special Meetings: The Crown l’rince of Japan delivers an address to the International Congress of Sport Sciences during the Opening 9 :0 0 p.m. “Doping” Clercmony “Standardization of Physical Fitness Test” Oct. 6 Tue. 9: 00 a.m. Symposium: The Role of Free Communication Free Communication International Congress Olympic Committee, proposed in June 1962 at the 12: 00 noon Sports Activities in Prevention of Committee’s General Session in Moscow to hold the Cardiovascular Malfunction of Sport Sciences first “International Congress of Sport Sciences” in 1: 30 p.m. Free Communication Symposium :Post-war Free Communication Scientific study of matters related to sports has in I ’okyo as a specific task to be added to the work of 5: 00 p.m. Trends of Growth and Development of Boys and recent years been carried on actively in many coun the Organizing Committee for the Tokyo Olympic Girls in Each Country tries throufrliout the world, and the results have Games. The plan was approved and warmly en 7 :00 p.m. Special Meetings: not only contributed significantly to the training couraged by the International Olympic Committee. 9 :0 0 p.m. “Doping” and jjhysical management of the athletes of prowess For the preparation of such a joint conference, “Standardization of Physical Fitness Test” Oct. 7 Wed. such as the competitors in the Olympic Games, but two sport scientific societies in Japan, namely, the 9: 00 a.m. Free Communication Symposium: Training for Free Communication also greatly im]jroved the physical condition and Japanese Society of Sport Medicine and the Japa 12: 00 noon Endurance in Sports the formation of character of the general ]rublic. nese Society of Physical Education, formed the 1: 30 p.m. Free Communication Free Communication Symposium: Basic Bodily On the occasion of past Olympic Games, for the Japanese Union of Sport Sciences in July 1963. 5: 00 p.m. Exercises at School Oct. 8 Thu. pur|)osc of exchange of knowledge and experience This Union and the Organizing Committee decided 10: 00 a.m. Joint Meeting: or matters |)ertaining to s]tort sciences and exchange to cooperate in holding the International Congress 12: 00 noon Reports by the Special Committee on: Doping of the results of research, sejiarate conferences were under their joint auspices. “The Preparation Com Standardization of Physical Fitness held by such scientific societies as the FI MS for mittee for the International Congress of Sport Sci Test 2 :0 0 p.m. Joint Meeting and Closing s]X)rt medicine, and the F IE F , the IC SPE wfiich ences” was formed, with its members from both sides 4 :0 0 p.m. Ceremony is connected with the UNESCO, and the ICHPER under the chairmanship of Dr. Toshiro Azuma, 6 :00 p.m. /Reception: Sponsored by the for jrhysical education. There are many common President of the Japanese Union of Sport Sciences, 8 :0 0 p.m. (Governor of Tokyo fields of interest in these conferences, which, how to make concrete preparations for the Congress. ever, have been in the past called at the same time Representatives were sent to the general meeting and the same city, without any mutual connection or the executive board of the FIMS, the FIEP, and or co-operation, and accordingly at some incon other international organizations for necessary liai the schedule in these pages. The official invita Avdth the subsequent accompaniment of Japanese venience to the intere.sted delegates. As a result, an son over the question of cooperative relationship. tion was sent in November 1963, not only to the music. During the time until the Closing Ceremony international conference unifying all these meetings As a result, the FIEP, with cooperation from the members of the FIMS, the FIEP, the ICSPE, and on 8th October, seven symposia were held, two on had been a pending cjuestion since the Olympic ICSPE and the ICHPER, represented the interna the ICHPER, but also to all the National Olympic sports medicine, three on physical education, and Games in Rome among those who were concerned tional physical education organizations, and together Committees. two on common fields. In addition, special joint with s]3ort medicine, physical education, sport sci with the FIMS which represented international The Opening Ceremony on 3rd October was meetings were held for discussions under the heading ences, and similar matters all over the world. sport medicine, elected to give their whole-hearted honoured by the presence of The Crown Prince of “doping” and “the standardization of jjhysical In view of the opening of the XVIII Olympic support to the International Congress. Thus it and the Princess. Addresses were given by Mr. fitness test.” Approximately 200 scientists from Games in Tokyo in 1964, Japanese scientists in these became possible to hold for the first time a world Brundage, President of the International Olym abroad and approximately 560 Japanese scholars fields and members of the Organizing Committee in congress of Sport Sciences at the time of the Olym pic Committee, Dr. Azuma, Governor of Tokyo, joined the Congress, and earnest discussions were charge had given careful consideration to the reali pic Games in Tokyo. Mr. Yasukawa, President of the Organizing Com conducted at each session. The International Con zation of such a conference for the first time in the The first “International Congress of Sport Sci mittee, and also the presidents of the four above- gress of Sport Sciences was brought to a most world. A definite jrlan having been formed. Dr. ences” was opened at the Toshi Center Hall in named international organizations for sport sciences. successful conclusion, opening u]j a new direction Ryotaro Azuma, a member of the International Tokyo, between 3rd and 8th of October 1964, with The Opening Ceremony was a most colourful one. for the Olympic studies under this heading in the Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ^ / « ‘«W «HLtn'c 'fToÉrato"'® ’'''' ' -t gs is; sg ^ 105 S: " -r^ ^ ; LIST OF CONFERENCES INTERNATIONAL SPORT FEDERATIONS—AND GENERAL MEETINGS o Mr: N U M B ER O F NU M BER O F [i: Oct. NAME OF CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS Oct. NAME OF CONFERENCE PAR'l'l Cl PANTS 4 Football: Olympic committee etc. 21 Swimming and Diving: Technical 20 JLJ: Committee .0 Wrestling: Technical Committee 10 12 Gymnastics: General Meeting t 1 Athletics: Technical Committee 100 200 Football: Finance Committee etc. 36 Swimming and Diving: Technical 20 : - Committee 6 Wrestling: Technical Committee 10 13 Gymnastics: General Meeting 200 Athletics : Cross-Country Race 70 M P i Shooting: General Meeting Committee etc. 83 Swimming and Diving: Technical Swimming and Diving: Executive Board 18 20 M eeting Committee 14 Swimming and Diving: Technical Modern Pentathlon : Referee’s 85 20 Conference etc. Committee 15 Basket-Ball: General Meeting 81 H. H. Princess Clhichibu at the 24th Congress of the International Amateur Athletic Federation 7 Rowing: General Meeting 54 Wrestling: Executive Board Meeting Boxing: Executive Board Meeting 60 35 Weight-Lifting: General Meeting Wrestling: Technical Committee 35 108 future. Shooting: General Meeting place simultaneously. The Organizing Committee Modern Pentathlon : General Meeting 42 83 'I’lie Congre.ss was attended by 194 sport science for the Tokyo Olympic Games proceeded with Football: Referee’s Conference 40 Judo: Referee’s Planning Conference 35 specialists of 46 countries as follows : Swimming and Diving : Technical preparations to this end, maintaining close contact Swimming and Diving: Technical 20 20 Committee with the various National Sport Federations. The Committee Volley-Ball: General Meeting 66 task of securing adequate and suitable meeting 8 Boxing: General Meeting 183 Judo: Manager’s Meeting U. s. A. 36 Argentina 4 places was by no means an easy one for the reasons Boxing: Referee and Judge Committee etc. 240 50 Equestrian : Executive Board Meeting Germany (West) 41 Belgium 4 that the Organizing Committee, which had no Athletics : Executive Board Meeting 20 Swimming and Diving: General Meeting 20 Germany (East) 10 France 4 conference halls of its own required to rent private Swimming and Diving: General Meeting 91 17 Canoeing: Executive Board and 116 Brazil 6 Korea 4 Football: General Meeting 168 facilities, inasmuch as the dates of the General Committee Meetings R um ania 6 Taiw an 4 Meetings were not decided in ample time, or con Basket-Ball: Drawing Meeting 20 Shooting: Executive Board Meeting 70 Great Britain Peru 4 versely the fixed dates were often altered. It was Hockey: Managers Meeting 50 Equestrian: Executive Board Meeting -Spain 4 Kenya 2 the desire of many of the International Sport Fed Modern Pentathlon: General Meeting 42 Swimming and Diving: Technical 20 U. S. .S. R. 4 M alaysia 2 erations to call their General Meetings immediately Rowing: Committee on Umpire’s 50 Committee Qualifications Australia 3 Bulgaria 2 before the Olympic Games, and much labour had Judo: General Meeting 61 Weight-lifting: Executive Board Meeting 25 U. A. R. 3 U ruguay 2 to be expended on the coordination of the time Hockey: Technical Committee 15 Swimming and Diving: Technical 20 Chile 3 Yugoslavia and the place of the General Meetings. In all, Equestrian: Executive Board Meeting 2 Committee ■Czechoslovakia 3 Slencgal sixteen International Sport Federations out of the Swimming and Diving: Technical 2 Wrestling: Referee’s Orientation 150 20 Mexico 3 Fhailand twenty sports (excluding the Federations for eques Committee 2 9 Wrestling: General Meeting 76 19 Basket-Ball : General Meeting Philippines 2 Cthana 1 trian sports, yachting, water-polo, and gymnastics) 81 Athletics : Executive Board Meeting 20 Swimming and Diving: General Meeting 91 Finland 2 Denmark 1 held their general meetings for one or two days. Shooting: Executive Board Meeting 30 Shooting: General Meeting 83 Hungary 2 India 1 On 8th October, six international conferences, in Football: General Meeting 168 Hockey: Executive Board Meeting 25 Indonesia 2 Nepal 1 cluding the General Session of the International Basket-Ball: Committee Meeting 40 Equestrian: Executive Board Meeting Iran Israel I Olympic Committee, were held. It being necessary 2 Rowing: Committee on Umpire’s 50 Swimming and Diving: Technical New Zealand 2 Netherlands 1 to organize simultaneous translations, the Organizing Qualifications Committee Austria 2 Portugal 1 Committee had engaged eight members of the Inter Hockey: Referee’s Meeting 35 20 Hockey: General Meeting 79 Canada 2 Sweden 1 national Association of Conference Interpreters in Volley-Ball: Executive Committee 75 M eeting Volley-Ball: General Meeting 66 Cuba Ceylon 1 Europe for English-French simultaneous transla 2 Swimming and Diving: Technical Weight-Lifting: Committee Meeting etc. 175 20 Italy 2 Colombia 1 tions, and ten interpreters from the International Committee Christian University in Tokyo were used for Japa- Swimming and Diving: Technical 20 Committee 21 Shooting: General Meeting 83 nese-English simultaneous translations. Basket-Ball: Executive Meeting Wrestling: Referee’s Orientation etc. 250 20 22 Athletics: General Meeting The General Meetings and 10 Athletics : General Meeting 197 197 Apart from the General Meetings, a number of Athletics: Committees Other Conferences of the Cycling: General Meeting and 222 20 executive board meetings, technical committees, and international Sport Federations Executive Board Hockey: Executive Board Meeting 25 sport committees were called by the International Football: Team Manager Meeting 30 Equestrian : Executive Board Meeting 'The (leneral Meetings and other conferences of the Sport Federations, and the Organizing Committee Swimming and Diving: Technical 20 23 Athletics: General Meeting 197 Committee International Sport Federations are held at the was made responsible for the preparation of their Athletics : Committees 20 11 Fencing: General Meeting 63 time of the Olyinjtic (lames under the auspices of places of meeting. Details of all such meetings Canoeing: General Meeting 70 the Federations themselves. It is the custom, how will be found in the time-table below. Shooting: Executive Board Meeting 30 Equestrian : Executive Board Meeting ever, that the Organizing Committee for the Olym- Judo: General Drawing 60 24 Judo: General Meeting 61 ]ric Games prepare the places of meeting for many Volley-Ball: Committee on Execution of 75 Volley-Ball: Asia Area Committees 60 Games such conferences and meetings, which often take Equestrian: Executive Board Meeting Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library n SpHH 1 BlBHnn 1 106 Interpreters to select fifteen to twenty undergraduates each who Allocation of interpreters drawn from general public were proficient at either English or French, and English French Allocated to Germ an Spanish Russian Others Total l'undamen(al principles for the recruitment and wfio were considered suitable for interpreter work M " F M F M F M F M F I!% : M F M F training of intcqjreters A ])robIem of some mag during the Olympic Games. From eighteen uni nitude in the prc]jaration of tlie d’okyo Olympic versities 298 students were recommended. Taking Total 549 130 92 80 50 3 904 282 267 48 82 55 37 37 43 24 26 3 — 449 455 (iaines was that of language, and this was a cause the characteristics of the respective universities and lor anxiety hoth at home and abroad. In the past, tfieir connection with sport organizations into con Sports Operation 39 36 27 18 19 1 140 (Sports Federations) 18 21 12 24 19 8 8 10 9 10 1 — 67 73 01yni])ic (lames have been held in countries where sideration, and making not a few readjustments, one of the official languages of the Olyngtics, the students were allotted in June 1963, to the Sports Operation Headquarters 12 5 5 2 —— 24 (Sport Technique Div.) 3 9 1 4 2 3 1 1 7 17 namely, Kngiisli and French, were used. The sport organizations for the twenty sports. At the anxiety was natural, now that the Olympic (lames same time, tfie Organizing Committee commissioned Press Centre 45 10 8 6 7 — 76 (Press & Public Information Div.) 13 32 1 9 4 4 1 5 — 7 19 57 were to take place for the first time in a country resjionsible persons, mainly professors, of those uni where the jjeople were in general not fluent in versities to secure tlie continual service of the stu Olympic Village 188 34 17 30 12 — 281 (Olympic Village Div.) 98 90 15 19 13 4 14 16 7 5 147 134 foreign languages, and where the official language dents and to provide guidance for them, and also of the country did not conform to the pattern of to effect liaison with sport organizations and the Transportation (Transportation & 38 7 — 3 3 ~ 51 Furojjean languages. 30 8 Organizing Committee. As the students had to Communication Div.) 2 5 2 1 2 1 36 15 The holding of Olyminc (lames in clifTerent areas undergo long training and also it was necessary to of the world in the future will undoubtedly also Security 6 2 — 2 — 10 be assured of some continuity of service, it was (Security & Traffic Div.) 6 — 2 2 10 — jtresent language problems. From the decision on jilanned at first to allot one university to one specific the holding of the Olymjjic (lames in Tokyo, there Games Sites 56 5 3 3 — — 67 sport. In a few cases, however, two sports were (Stadium & Ticket Div.) 10 46 — 5 1 2 — 3 11 56 fore, the Organizing Committee had given weiglit allotted to one university or one sport to two uni to their study of this jjroblem as being of basic Reception 91 18 21 7 5 — 142 versities, according to the requirements of the sport, (Foreign Affairs Div.) 30 61 2 16 5 16 — 7 2 3 39 103 importance, and the Committee was mindful that a the language ability, sex of the interpreters re successful solution of this problem in Tokyo woidcl Chiefs of Mission 74 13 11 9 4 2 113 quired by the sport organizations, and to the avail (Foreign .Affairs Div.) 74 — 13 11 — 9 4 — 2 — 113 have its counterpart in the ]3ossibility of its solution able numbers of students from each university. The elsewhere, d’he fundamental princijjles concerning initial fundamental principles were adhered to, and inter])reters at the Tokyo (lames were decided after the interpreting network was effectively prepared, joint course given in the National Youth Hostel German, and Russian had to be allotted to the careful study and due reflection on actual conditions each had a specialized knowledge of the sport and away from Tokyo at the foot of Mt. Fuji and this Olympic Village and posts for transportation, recej)- of the use of foreign languages in Japan, as well its technical terms for which they would be requested proved a most effective occasion to raise the spirit tion, and other duties. It was decided, therefore, as the particular nature of the Olympic (lames. to interpret. ual morale of the young Olympic interpreters. The to recruit these interpreters from the general ]3uhlic, ( I ) d’o recruit intcr])reters at the rate of one to The training of the student-interpreters was car course aimed mainly at the training of the student- by competitive examination, so that the desire of approximately ten competitors and officials. ried on, for one and a half years until the Olympic interpreters, through collective action, for specific as many people as possible to serve the Olympic (2) I ’he main language should be English, and Games, under the responsibility of the sport organi activities at the time of the Olympic Games, and Games might be satisfied, and as many talented other languages be limited to French, Ger zations to which they were allotted. The Organiz man, Spanisli, and Russian. almost all the trainees took part in it. persons as possible might be attracted. 'Fhe condi (,'5) To recridt young and active jjersons as far ing Committee paid the entire expenses of training At the time of the Tokyo International Sports tions for the recruitment were made public in as ]3ossible. under the responsible persons of the universities. Week in October 1963, student-interpreters, who March 1964. Applications which were accepted on (4) To appoint interpreters as early as possible, It further assured the cost of the education of all had only recently been recruited and had under and after 10th April amounted in ten days to I I n so that they might receive adec|uate training the student-interpreters in the general knowledge of gone no particular training for separate sports, were 7,500, or eight times as many as the number the in Olympic matters. the Olympics, and the development of their mental allotted to all the games for practice. Only a few Organizing Committee needed. After examinations An essential condition, ]:>articularly for inter- aptitude as Olympic interpreters. For this purpose, foreign athletes took part in the Games in 1963, of their career papers, and two successive examina ]treters coming directly in toucfi witfi the manage the Organizing Committee gave five to ten day and these Games were different in character from tions and interviews, 904 successful applicants were ment of various sports, was the acquisition of tecli- overall courses for the student-interpreters on three the Olympic Games. The activities of the inter selected in the middle of June. Almost an equal nical terms. For this purjtose, it was planned to occasions during the university vacations in July to preters on that occasion were not satisfactory and numbers of men and women were successful in each train university students as they were likely to ada])t August 1963, and March and August in 1964. many useful lessons were learned from this experi language. From the posts where the successful aj3- themselves more c|uickly to tlie foreign language A comprehensive programme was drawn up for ence. The Organizing Committee made some revi plicants were to be sent, there was a greater re and have tnore s]jare time to devote to their duties. these courses. Besides lectures by authorities on sions in its interpreter control organization, and the quirement for men than for women, partly owing Interjjreters to be allotted to otlier posts were pub the subject of the Olympic Games, joint classes or Sport Federations made a reappraisal of the more to the question of working hours. A sufficient num licly recruited mainly for tlieir linguistic ability, seminars in small groups were conducted each time effective utilization of interpreters. ber of English interpreters was secured, but not d'he initial group were called student-interpreters, by foreign lecturers for the improvement of the for other languages, particularly for French where and the latter general interpreters. Tfie wliole plan student-interpreters’ linguistic ability. In addition, Recruitment of general interpreters and their train the linguistic capacity of many ap]3licants for lor interpreters was drawn up and implemented in laboratory language study was utilized, Olympic ing The student-interpreters, who were allotted French was regarded as inadequate. The un December 1962. films were shown, and inspection tours of the stadia to various sport organizations in June 1963 for the availability of a sufficient number of French sjjeak- arranged. These courses proved very popular with management of the Games, were specialists in Eng ing interpreters made it necessary to readjust the Ado]ttion and training of .student-interpreters the trainees who were inspired with the conviction lish or French. A further 140 interpreters in Span overall plan and this was not an easy matter to On the basis of the above fundamental decisions and enthusiasm of cooperating directly in the great ish, German, and Russian were required to be re adjust. In some cases, two or more women had regarding interpreters, the Organizing Committee wm undertaking of the Olympic Games. Very gratify cruited. In addition, approximately 750 interpreters to substitute for one man, and in others, interpreters asked approximately twenty universities in Tokyo, ing results were obtained, especially from the final of the five languages of English, Erench, Spanish, of English were substituted for those of other lan- Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 108 guages. It was on 10th July that interpreters were interpreters. In view of the state of the diffusion finally allotted as indicated in the Table. For of foreign languages in Japan at the time, an in French interpreters, cooperation was subsequently crease in the number of the interpreters was no obtained from the ])ostgraduate courses of the In guarantee of a better quality. It was in addition stitut Franco-Japonais, the Athénée Français, and difficult to find an adequate source of interpreters, two or three universities, and thirty interjrreters in point of either quantity or quality, for languages were added to the list. other than the five named above. As the age limit set for the general interpreters On the other hand, the teams of several countries was 35, some 70% of the successful candidates were expressed a desire to use interpreters of their own in fact students of universities. The total number language for their teams. Thus auxiliary inter- reached 1,000 from all over Japan, d’heir collective [jreters were the idea of the Organizing Committee training was a difficult task, especially with only for this purpose, and these interpreters who were «Mm three months before the 01yni|tic Games. A ]tlan recruited by the teams themselves from qualified for two all-participating courses was announced for [tersonnel resident in Tokyo. The Organizing Com the end of July and August, each for hve days. mittee recognized one auxiliary interpreter for each 'Fhe programme of the cour.ses was almost the same 30 conqjetitors in the Olympic Games. A special as that of the student-intcrpretcr.s’ counses. A sec [sass was furnished to the in terp reter to facilitate ond course consisted mainly of short courses at each his entrance to the Olympic Village and the stadia post where the inteipreters were allotted. with the team of competitors. In June 1964, all National Olympic Committees were notified of this Foreign interpreters I’he student-interpreters new system by means of the News Letter. At the and the general interpreters totalled 1,200. They time of the Olympic Games, 214 auxiliary inter- were interpreters between one of the English, [jreters, were registered from 65 National Olympic French, Spanish, German, and Russian languages Committees. The auxiliary interpreters were and the Ja|janesc. It was rarely possible to find any mostly members of the diplomatic or consular mis Jajranese interpreter who was ca]table of translat sions, or employees of the commercial firms in ing between two or more foreign languages. There Jajjan of the countries concerned. All of them were were not a few jtosts, however, where interpreters versed in things Japanese, and this system was well versed in several foreign languages were recjuired. received by the teams participating in the Games. For such interpreters, coo]jeration from foreigners was anticijjated from the outset. Though the Or Interpreters’ extensive service The preparation ganizing Committee had not given any particular ol the interpreters was completed early September, The seven types of ID cards used publicity abroad to this matter, apjjlications began one month before the commencement of the Games. Interpreters arriving for work (left) and their distinctive badges to show the to arrive after the Olympic Games in Rome, and Beginning on 15th September, the day of the open languages in which they were proficient (right) this number had exceeded 300 at the end of 1963 ing of the Olympic Village, 1,230 interpreters began from ahnost all over the world. their activities at their designated posts, whenever After several exchanges of letters with those a]t- they were needed. Both men and women were plicants and inquiries made about them, 13 for uniformed differently from other personnel, in eigners were selected as interpreters on condition distinctive black doeskin blazer with white hem that they were well versed in three or more foreign ming, so that they might be easily recognized. languages, including English, and that they bear There were perhaps occasions when the original the cost of travelling expenses to and from Japan. plans and the practical results did not precisely From among foreign residents in Japan fourteen coincide. As a whole, however, the young amateur a[)])licants who were well versed in two or more interpreters recognized well the significance of the foreign languages were accepted. All the foreigners Olympic Games as a festival of youth, and was were allotted first and foremost to the Olympic convinced that each one of them was in fact an Village, the Press Centre, and other [daces where ‘ambassador of goodwill’. With this conviction they they would he most useful. made up for any linguistic efficiency. They laboured Most oi the foreign interjrreters were neither long hours day and night, they performed their familiar with things Japanese, nor able to speak the duties well, without any incident worthy of men language. In a few cases at first, there was lack tion. 4’heirs was a significant role in the success of of understanding with Japanese eni|jloyees, but as the Olympic Games in Tokyo. they became accustomed to their work, those for The expenses defrayed by the Organizing Com eigners proved their worth, and then linguistic mittee for the recruitment, training, and manage ability was most useful. ment of the services of the interpreters amounted Auxiliary interpreters The Organizing Commit to 150 million yen (US$416,666). tee indeed succeeded in recruiting more than 1,200 Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library I# W a «S i> è « tf i fi 9 1 + L C, ? + ® m A ^ I\ ± n ft 0 + à ® i If i i B X à M i I i a t i ¥ 0) à V i\ t I« T? + II u V * t è # fl SI LÎ f !f Î ® Â K + i: m S' i . a 9 i: a L it 9 I è i te A' i t; a t Uysuyvm ) 1 i ? c I' 'i V tt II t ffl $ T + f k ... — It i;»M lTlt untlANIHATSUR DSS m AixxiRDAM* w rrH rwK [NsnuiiirwNH JKÜX l)E LA XVIU Ul¥MI>iA1)& UIVEW IlY m INIlllNAimNAL OIYMM: SH tDMHMMAM' AIIX INSrHllin-HWH IX lM M im t, THE ttlHJANIÎIM! tX lM M iîlit Kill THK UAMIS tit 1K I XŸI1I UlYMMAI» Dll tXIM III INnnNATIONAL DlYMPiyilR, HAS THE HONIHin 11) INVITI YllU It) A L'HimNtuii 1)1 vnux iK V irtn a I'A nnuitA TE IN THR CÜMl’ETlTItlNS i-^niHXPEft AUX um m iw s t a u x AND UtlEIIRAI'IDNS W HH» WILL TAKX FtrsM util Auuunr l i e u a h i k y o , t'LAUt AT WHYtl tUDM ID IxmJHIH ID nil 10 fxntiRHE All 114 unuiuui. I'j i m . •U «riDHKII, \m . ■K /■' .«.V / f / f LK tXIM IIE UHUANISATKUH m 1M1X 1)1 LA XVIII ni.YMl’IMIK IHB DHIIANKINI! IXIMMIl ltK R ill lilt IIAMBS W THE XVIII DLYMI'IAII Official Invitation Programme and Badge for the Opening Ceremony 62nd Session of the IOC ■m ¥ .s I é I?'-" -M i Cover folder for Official Invitation Printed Matter and Badge used for the International Congress of Sport Sciences Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ^v;v- “• • GAMES SITES, VILLAGES AND OTHER FACILITIES i^mw^ » " i 'c à f " . I Jfa :U«i.c^^. ^ Ï- H ■'; i> i- ''. - iifMll? r liî 1 i < « 1 1 : Preparations of the games sites, villages and other It was necessary to ensure well-coordinated ad facilities necessary for the Tokyo Olympic Games ministration of all these various facilities, and close were initially instigated five years before the event— liaison was a most necessary factor. It was, there in the autumn of 1959. It can be more specifically fore, very important to have some efficient means said, however, that the preparations begun in of ensuring smooth contacts among all the facilities, earnest with the preparations for the Third Asian and this was made possible by various transporta Games, held several years before the Olympic tion and communication facilities. The initial pre Games. paration activity therefore consisted in making an A city hosting the Olympic Games is required to overall plan for facilities by taking into account fulfill a number of important conditions. Among the factors of ease of coordination among them. the most important of these are undoubtedly the The initial overall plan showed clearly the mutual games sites, villages for athletes and the other relations among the various facilities, and as studies facilities required for the smooth operation of the of various facilities progressed, smaller technical Olympic Games. One of the considerations behind problems began to be exposed. Efforts then were Party on 18th October 1964, comnieniorating the 70th anniversary of founding of IOC the preparations of the Olympic facilities should made to solve these problems technically, and probably be the importance of constructing sports wherever this proved impracticable, the overall facilities which can be used not only for the Olym plan was restudied. At times then, changes were pic Games, but ones which can be adapted after made even in the overall plan. Ih e plaque showing a bust of Baron de Coubertin which was unveiled at the Main Stadium on 10th October to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the IOC founding wards for the benefit of the citizens of the host It is felt that the well-balanced nature of all the city. All facilities for the Tokyo Olympic Games facilities for the Olympic Games were made jjossi- were in fact constructed in this spirit and for many ble by the early and thorough overall planning, and of them, consideration was included to prepare in particular, the planning of minute details. This sites which would be useful after the Olympic gigantic work was left in the hands of a single f Games while at the same time providing facilities organization (a consultative Committee of the Or of high technical standards to meet the demanding ganizing Committee)—the Special Committee on 1 ( requirements of the Olympic Games. Other of the Facilities and its subcommittees. facilities were constructed to make them adequate There were six subcommittees, viz; Subcommittee and fitting memorials to this meaningful occasion, on Overall Plan for Facilities, which studied the or to allow them to remain in the future as symbols progress of the plan as a whole; Subcommittee on of sports activity. Facilities for the Games, which deliberated on the The overall facilities prepared for the Olympic actual venues for games; Subcommittee on Trans Games include games sites (at 30 places), villages portation Facilities, which made special studies of (at 6 places) and other related facilities (at 4 the transportation facilities connecting the various places). facilities; Subcommittee on Village: whose field These can be divided further into three headings covered the problems related to all facilities in the —existing facilities; facilities constructed for the oc village; Subcommittee on Related Facilities, to cover casion with permanent use in mind; and those facili the problems of communication facilities; and a ties executed only for temporary use. Some of the Subcommittee on Lawns; which studied the problem existing facilities were able to be used without any of lawns, turfs and grasses. These six subcommit alteration, while some others had to be expanded or tees acted independently in various stages of the improved. The newly facilities were mainly those preparation for the facilities, but the Sjrecial Com- which could be adapted for permanent use after the mitee on Facilities at all times maintained overall occasion of the Olympic Games, while the temporary control. facilities were those constructed especially for the As it has been observed, the preparations for the Olympic Games and which would therefore be re Tokyo Olympic Games were officially begun on moved after this event. 30th September 1959, with the inauguration of the Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library