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The History of World Civilization. 3 Cyclus (1450-2070) New Time ("New Antiquity"), Capitalism ("New Slaveownership"), Upper Mental (Causal) Plan
The history of world civilization. 3 cyclus (1450-2070) New time ("new antiquity"), capitalism ("new slaveownership"), upper mental (causal) plan. 19. 1450-1700 -"neoarchaics". 20. 1700-1790 -"neoclassics". 21. 1790-1830 -"romanticism". 22. 1830-1870 – «liberalism». Modern time (lower intuitive plan) 23. 1870-1910 – «imperialism». 24. 1910-1950 – «militarism». 25.1950-1990 – «social-imperialism». 26.1990-2030 – «neoliberalism». 27. 2030-2070 – «neoromanticism». New history. We understand the new history generally in the same way as the representatives of Marxist history. It is a history of establishment of new social-economic formation – capitalism, which, in difference to the previous formations, uses the economic impelling and the big machine production. The most important classes are bourgeoisie and hired workers, in the last time the number of the employees in the sphere of service increases. The peasants decrease in number, the movement of peasants into towns takes place; the remaining peasants become the independent farmers, who are involved into the ware and money economy. In the political sphere it is an epoch of establishment of the republican system, which is profitable first of all for the bourgeoisie, with the time the political rights and liberties are extended for all the population. In the spiritual plan it is an epoch of the upper mental, or causal (later lower intuitive) plan, the humans discover the laws of development of the world and man, the traditional explanations of religion already do not suffice. The time of the swift development of technique (Satan was loosed out of his prison, according to Revelation 20.7), which causes finally the global ecological problems. -
The Caribbean and Iberoamerica and Its Impact for the Congress of Vienna and Viceversa
1 The Congress of Vienna 1814-15: Making Peace After Global War, February5-7, 2015. European Institute at Columbia University, NYC The Caribbean and Iberoamerica and its impact for the Congress of Vienna and viceversa. Christian Cwik (University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago) The outbreak of the coalition wars (1792-1815) impacted the European colonies on a global level. In Iberoamerica and the Caribbean there was a spread of revolutions and the cry for the abolition of slavery. For many in Europe there was the view that “The revolution in the Americas is the revolution in Europe”. This was a serious fear among the victorious conservative elites during the Congress of Vienna. Revolutions in the Americas had not one but many faces: the call for independence, republicanism, democracy, liberalism, social utopianism and the abolition of slavery as well as the fight for universal franchise, property and many other fundamental changes. In the aftermath of the success of the thirteen British North American colonies in their fight for independence from London, other revolutionary changes had taken place on the North American main. American revolutionaries such as Benjamin Franklin, Silas Deane, Arthur Lee, and Thomas Jefferson, and French revolutionaries such as Louis Philippe, Comte de Ségur and the Marquis de Lafayette who had fought for the American cause spread the “virus of revolution” to France. Among the supporters also were revolutionaries from South America such as José Maria España and Francisco de Miranda, who spread the “virus” to Iberoamerica and the Caribbean. The repercussions were feared by many European statesmen, who devoted considerable attention to the issue and initiated a separate domain of exploration of the “South American Matter” during the Congress. -
Revista Internacional De Historia Militar 92. Cuaderno De
Comisión Revista Internacional de Historia Militar 92 Comisión Internacional Cuaderno de Historia Militar 1 Española de Historia de Historia Militar Presencia irlandesa Militar en la milicia española The Irish Presence in the Spanish Military - 16th to 20th Centuries Hugo O’Donnell (coord.) MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA Ilustración de cubierta: Bandera del Regimiento Ultonia (detalle), composición del Coronel Juan Álvarez Abeilhé. Soldados del Regimiento Ultonia (siglo XVIII). COMISIÓN INTERNACIONAL DE HISTORIA MILITAR INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF MILITARY HISTORY COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE D’HISTOIRE MILITAIRE Presencia irlandesa en la Milicia Española The Irish Presence in the Spanish Military – 16th to 20th Centuries Hugo O’Donnell (Coord.) REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE HISTORIA MILITAR INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF MILITARY HISTORY REVUE INTERNATIONALE D’HISTOIRE MILITAIRE INTERNATIONALE ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR MILITÄRGESCHICHTE RIVISTA INTERNAZIONALE DI STORIA MILITARE 92 Nº 92 – Madrid - 2014 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA Presencia irlandesa en la Milicia Española = The Irish Presence in the Spanish Military : 16th to 20th Centuries / Comisión Internacional de Historia Militar = International Commission of Military History = Commission Internationale D'Histoire Militaire; Hugo O'Donnell (Coord.) — Madrid : Ministerio de Defensa, Secretaría General Técnica, D.L. 2013. -- 251 p.: il.; 17 x 24 cm . — (Cuaderno de Historia Militar; 1) Número 92 de la Revista Internacional de Historia Militar ; Biblio- grafía (p. 205-213) e índice I. O'Donnell y Duque de Estrada, Hugo (1948-), -
Europe 1815-1914: Creating Community and Ordering the World
m Europ artti Koskenniemi and Bo Stråth (eds) Stråth Bo and Koskenniemi artti E 1815-1914: Cr 1815-1914: EuropE 1815-1914: CrEating Community and E ordEring thE World and Community ating The Shadow of the Past and Future of the Present The research project ‘Between Restoration and Revolution, National Constitutions and Global Law: an Alternative View on the European Century 1815–1914’ (EReRe) funded by the European research Council was established at the University of Helsinki in 2009 with the goal of providing an alternative view on the European century that began with a spectacular peace under the motto of ‘never again’ and ended with the First World War. From the outset, the assumption was that the century was traversed by themes and tensions that in one way or another continue to dominate o ideas about European peace and progress today. These need to be highlighted so as to enable an rd adequate historical understanding of the difficulties of the present moment, including the nature E of the alternatives faced by European decision-makers today. The focus reaches beyond European th ring institutions, in order to approach the themes and tensions that overarch the past two centuries in their global context. EuropE 1815-1914: E World The volume argues that a realistic history is needed that rejects any grand narrative about CrEating Community and modernity, progress or liberalism (to name some popular contestants) embedded in the nineteenth century. If we have had this time as not beginning with the revolution in 1789 this ordEring thE World is because we have wanted to avoid accepting perhaps the most persistent foundation myth with which European institutions have preferred to decorate themselves. -
Armed Force, Regimes, Contention, and Democratization in Europe Since 1650
UC Irvine CSD Working Papers Title Armed Force, Regimes, Contention, and Democratization in Europe since 1650 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9p96g2g2 Author Tilly, Charles Publication Date 1998-04-15 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California CSD Center for the Study of Democracy An Organized Research Unit University of California, Irvine www.democ.uci.edu As seen in the vivid light cast by French and British examples, Switzerland followed an astonishing path to partial democracy during the nineteenth century. Long a scattering of belligerent fiefs within successive German empires, most Swiss areas acquired de facto independence at the Peace of Basel (1499) and de jure recognition as a federation at the Peace of Westphalia (1648). Until the very end of the eighteenth century the federation remained no more than a loose alliance of thirteen jealously sovereign cantons with strong ties to allied territories of Geneva, Grisons (Graubünden), and Valais, plus subject territories (e.g., Vaud, Lugano, Bellinzona, and Valtellina) of their component units. From the sixteenth to eighteenth century, Switzerland withdrew almost entirely from war on its own account, but provided crack mercenary troops to much of Europe. During that period, Switzerland's politics operated chiefly at the local and cantonal levels: outward-looking efforts to hold off other powers, inward-looking efforts to deal with--or defend--enormous disparities and particularities of privilege. Conquered by Napoleon (with some assistance from Swiss revolutionaries) in 1798, then given new constitutions that year and in 1803, the Swiss adopted a much more centralized form of government with a national assembly, official multilingualism, and relative equality among cantons. -
The Rise of the House of Rothschild
The Rise of the House of Rothschild COUNT EGON CAESAR CORTI Translated from the German by Brian and Beatrix Lunn 1770-1830 The Pedler on Horseback Caricature of the House of Rothschild FOREWORD Historians, in interpreting the nineteenth century, have laid stress on many and various aspects of the period under study; and descriptions of isolated periods, single episodes, and individuals are scattered amongst hundreds and even thousands of books. On the other hand, certain special features of the period under consideration have been, for various reasons, entirely neglected. An example of such neglect is the ignoring by histo- rians of the role played by the Rothschild family in the history of the nineteenth century, and the object of this work is to appraise the important influence of this family on the politics of the period, not only in Europe but throughout the world. For, strangely enough, the influ- ence of the Rothschilds is barely mentioned, or at the most casually referred to, in otherwise comprehensive and painstaking historical treatises. Special literature dealing with the House of Roths- child usually falls into one of two groups, either fulsome paeans of praise commissioned by the House itself, or scurrilous pamphlets inspired by hatred—both equally unpleasant. There are, however, two works of serious value in existence, which are partially compiled from legal documents, but they are of small scope. One is by an employee of the Rothschilds, Christian Wilhelm Berg- hoeffer, and the other is the impartial work of Dr. Rich- ard Ehrenberg; but these treat only of isolated incidents in the history of the House, and throw no light on its pan-European importance. -
The Migueletes in the War of the Convention (1793-1795)
The Pactos de Familia (Family Pacts), closed by the two branches of the Bourbon family, and the the migueletes need to counter the British naval strength had brought about a long alliance between France and Spain. Yet, the execution of King Louis XVI by the French revolutionaries led the neighbors, once in the war of more, to war in 1793. The Spanish monarchy felt impelled to join the first European coalition against the newly born the convention French Republic and engaged in war against it. It was called War of the Convention or of the Pyrenees. In Catalonia, it was known as the Guerra Gran (Big War) or the War of Roussillon as it was (1793-1795) mostly fought in this county; although there were also military operations in the southwestern Pyrenees, which span over Aragon, Navarre and the Basque Country. The command of the Catalan front was entrusted first to General Antonio Ricardos and later on to the Count of La Unión. After an initial defeat of the Spaniards at the Roure in 1794 and the surrender of the San Fernando fortress in Figueras without even attempting a defense, the Spanish forces under the command of General Urrutia succeeded in holding back the revolutionaries at river Fluviá (1795). This war had, in both camps, a pronounced ideological character. On the Spanish side, it was crucial the involvement of the migueletes who rose up, in the name of tradition- Religion and Monarchy-, against the revolutionary doctrines of the French. The migueletes were highly mobile troops that carried out a very effective job by harassing the enemy rearguard and hindering its supply lines. -
Napoleon in Egypt: the Greatest Glory Pdf, Epub, Ebook
NAPOLEON IN EGYPT: THE GREATEST GLORY PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Paul Strathern | 496 pages | 05 Jun 2008 | Vintage Publishing | 9781844139170 | English | London, United Kingdom Napoleon In Egypt: The Greatest Glory PDF Book He then measured the length of the shadow cast by a pole in Alexandria, and thus the angle of the sun's rays there; using trigonometry, he then calculated the distance of the sun within around 5 percent of the accepted modern figure. On the scientific front, the expedition eventually led to the discovery of the Rosetta Stone , creating the field of Egyptology. Do not contradict them; treat them as you treated the Jews , the Italians; respect their muftis and their imams , as you respected their rabbis and bishops. People Napoleon I Emperor of the French Napoleon's attack on Egypt in was the first on a Middle Eastern country by a Western power in modern times. As Bonaparte saw and later mythologised France was thrown back into retreat, its enemies had recaptured France's conquests, France was unhappy at its dictatorial government and was nostalgic for the glorious peace it had signed in the Treaty of Campo Formio — as Bonaparte saw it, this meant France needed him and would welcome him back. History of the Conquest of Mexico. This specific ISBN edition is currently not available. Language: English. A crusade begun in honor and intended for glory would degenerate toward chaos and atrocity. Halloween Books for Kids. Download Hi Res. Shortly after Bonaparte's return from facing Ibrahim came Mohammed's birthday, which was celebrated with great pomp. -
At Water's Edge: Britain, Napoleon, and the World, 1793-1815
AT WATER’S EDGE: BRITAIN, NAPOLEON, AND THE WORLD, 1793-1815 ______________________________________________________________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board ______________________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ______________________________________________________________________________ by Christopher T. Golding May 2017 Examining Committee Members: Dr. Gregory J. W. Urwin, Advisory Chair, Department of History Dr. Travis Glasson, Department of History Dr. Rita Krueger, Department of History Dr. Jeremy Black, External Member, University of Exeter (UK) © Copyright 2017 by Christopher T. Golding All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the influence of late eighteenth-century British imperial and global paradigms of thought on the formation of British policy and strategy during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. It argues that British imperial interests exerted a consistent influence on British strategic decision making through the personal advocacy of political leaders, institutional memory within the British government, and in the form of a traditional strain of a widely-embraced British imperial-maritime ideology that became more vehement as the conflict progressed. The work can be broken into two basic sections. The first section focuses on the formation of strategy within the British government of William Pitt the Younger during the French Revolutionary Wars from the declaration of war in February 1793 until early 1801. During this phase of the Anglo-French conflict, British ministers struggled to come to terms with the nature of the threat posed by revolutionary ideology in France, and lacked strategic consistency due to acute cabinet-level debates over continental versus imperial strategies. The latter half of the work assesses Britain’s response to the challenges presented by Napoleonic France. -
The French Diplomatic Corps, 1789-1799
““PPrroovveenn PPaattrriioottss””:: tthhee FFrreenncchh DDiipplloommaattiicc CCoorrppss,, 11778899--11779999 Linda S. Frey and Marsha L. Frey St Andrews Studies in French History and Culture ST ANDREWS STUDIES IN FRENCH HISTORY AND CULTURE The history and historical culture of the French-speaking world is a major field of interest among English-speaking scholars. The purpose of this series is to publish a range of shorter monographs and studies, between 25,000 and 50,000 words long, which illuminate the history of this community of peoples between the end of the Middle Ages and the late twentieth century. The series covers the full span of historical themes relating to France: from political history, through military/naval, diplomatic, religious, social, financial, cultural and intellectual history, art and architectural history, to literary culture. Titles in the series are rigorously peer-reviewed through the editorial board and external assessors, and are published as both e-books and paperbacks. Editorial Board Dr Guy Rowlands, University of St Andrews (Editor-in-Chief) Professor Andrew Pettegree, University of St Andrews Professor Andrew Williams, University of St Andrews Dr David Culpin, University of St Andrews Dr David Evans, University of St Andrews Dr Justine Firnhaber-Baker, University of St Andrews Dr Linda Goddard, University of St Andrews Dr Bernhard Struck, University of St Andrews Dr Stephen Tyre, University of St Andrews Dr Malcolm Walsby, University of St Andrews Dr David Parrott, University of Oxford Professor Alexander Marr, University of St Andrews/University of Southern California Dr Sandy Wilkinson, University College Dublin Professor Rafe Blaufarb, Florida State University Professor Darrin McMahon, Florida State University Dr Simon Kitson, University of London Institute in Paris Professor Eric Nelson, Missouri State University “Proven Patriots”: the French Diplomatic Corps, 1789-1799 by LINDA S. -
Peace of Basel Treaty
Peace Of Basel Treaty Reese remains inviable after Arturo window-shop tender-heartedly or contemporize any notoungulates. Wake bullying taxonomically while terminal Jan change felly or interpellated penitentially. Carson trucks sleekly if chiefly Randi redescribing or dogmatise. It is of treaty between the city is why register for criminal treaties on every person who formerly lived under this authority electoral mandate or The Basel Peace Office encourages peace and disarmament activists to tender the new firm on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 'ban. Canton Basel-Landschaft Switzerland Genealogy. Peace actions blocking and returning shipments of European wastes from novelty the. International Management of Hazardous Wastes The Basel Convention and Related Legal Rules By. What does so of basel mean Definitionsnet. The Peace of Basel concludes the final war of Swiss independence between the Swabian League and if Old Swiss Confederacy and repulses attempt. Mayors for Peace Briefing 21 Manchester Chapter meeting. As is really case then the majority of treaties on civil liability for environmental damage adopted over you past two decades it daily not yet entered into water The Basel. After Zurich the cities of Bern Basel and Schaffhausen had now become. The jail-armed and allied States opposed the treaty came none are release to join. First Published Extraordinary International Socialist Congress at Basel November. Peace treaties from Paris to Versailles Central to per chapter head the European peace treaties from the First ray of Paris of 30 May 114 at next end bestow the. And sustainable development Registration details are here Basel Peace Office. Albert Schweitzer Nobel Lecture The stage of Peace. -
World Order Visions Since Early Modern Europe
WORLD ORDER VISIONS SINCE EARLY MODERN EUROPE John Howard Yoder, chapter eight in Chapters in the History of Religiously Rooted Non Violence: A Series of Working Papers ofthe Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. I. THE PROCESSION OF PEACE PLANS 1300-1314: several pamphlets by Pierre du Bois, b. ca. 1255, adviser to the King of France: especially de recuperatione terrae sanctae, 1306, proposing a federation to be led by France, with the pope as titular head, ostensibly to regain the holy land, but by means of a European federation (SJH: l ff., ES: 1-8). ca. 1310, Dante Alighieri: de monarchia; vision of a restored Roman world empire. Not published until 1559 (Basel). Modern edition Boston 1904. (SJH:4-ll) 1324? Marsilius of Padua: Defensor Pacis proposes a World state established by representation from the several states ~ independent of papacy (SJH: l 2f). 1461 /64 Antoine Marini of Grenoble, prepared on behalf of George Podebrod King of Bohemia; coalition of European princes, in order to combat the Turks, relativizing the pre-eminence of the Emperor and of the King of France (SJH: 14-17). 1513 Wm of Ciervia and John Sylvagius of Burgundy, plan advocating a congress of Christian Kings; its breakdown provokes Erasmus' Complaint of Peace (SJH: 17f). 1514/ 17 Desiderius Erasmus querela pacis proposes tribunals of bishops and abbots to settle conflicts among princes: "One can hardly imagine an unfavorable peace which would not be preferable to the most favorable war." (SJH:l8-20) cf. Jose Chapiro: Erasmus and Our Struggle for Peace Beacon 1950 1518 Pope Leo X and Cardinal Wolsey: Treaty of Universal Peace; ratified by England and France, joined by Spain and Pope, open to other nations to join; directed against the Turks.