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ab x áš, 232, 233, 310 an, 151 See also dingiv Abarsal, 248 Anatolia, 14, 19, 77, 81, 157 Abi-Sare, 315 ancestor, 189 aboveground monuments, 166, 175, 176, 177, ancestor (ancestral), 34, 42, 49, 56, 57, 60, 79, 180, 197, 228 118, 133–34, 142, 146, 150, 152–61, 174, abu Amurrim, 317 180, 189–97, 209, 213, 217, 218, 219, 226, abu Emutbala, 317 228–31, 233, 236–38, 257, 267–72, 276, Abu Salabikh, 83, 88, 125, 134, 140, 158 277, 287, 319, 321 Abur-Li’m, 214 apical, 61, 277 accession ritual, 213, 229, 230, 231. See also group, 60–63, 134, 157, 173, 175, 177, 195, wedding ritual 196, 197, 198, 306, 307, 318, 322, 325, Ada, 238 326–28 ’Adabal, 217, 220, 221, 222, 310 house, 133, 156, 174–98, 229 Adams, Robert McC., 5, 245, 246 temple, 190 Addu-Duri, 32 traditions, 133, 138, 174, 190, 195, 228, 229, Adgar-kidug, 294 230, 234 Aga, 258, 277 Andarig, 318 agency, 2, 40, 46, 62, 77, 189, 246 Anderson, Benedict, 46, 57 Agu, 216 animal husbandry, 1, 3, 9, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 20, Ah Purattim, 34 23, 114, 138, 140, 144, 153, 174, 240–47, 324 Akkad (Agade), 34, 79, 268, 269, 278, 284, Aniru, 214 292, 323 Anshan, 296, 303–05, 307, 308, 321 Curse of, 288, 290, 292, 323 anthropological archaeology, 37–41, 42, 71, 100, Akkadian(s), 4, 37, 62, 81, 162, 194, 252, 259–60, 105, 129, 198, 202, 240 263, 266–71, 279, 288, 291, 300, 309, 314, Anu terrace, 123, 127. See also Uruk, site of 315, 320, 321, 322, 324 Anzud bird, 256, 265, 275, 276 Aleppo, 32, 219, 220, 221. See also Yamhad Apil Kin, 287 Algaze, Guillermo, 15, 72–76, 91, 241, 245 Apillasha, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285 al-Rawda, 309 Arabian Peninsula, 250, 292, 327 ’Àmana, 214, 229 Aradmu, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285 Amanus, 238 Aratta, 265, 275, 307, 308 Ammi-Saduqa, 269, 272, 274 Archi, Alfonso, 19, 202, 215, 219, 220, 221, 230, Amnanum, 33, 60, 61, 274 232, 236, 237, 238, 310, 314 Amorrites, 4, 25, 26, 36, 37, 43, 60, 61, 62, 220, Armanum. See Armi 251, 252, 261, 263, 267–70, 278, 287, 293, Armi, 217, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239 294, 295, 298–301, 303, 304–06, 308, Arslantepe, vi, viii, 66, 67, 68, 75, 84, 90, 92, 102, 309–15, 317, 319–21, 324, 327, 328 108, 111, 116, 130–34, 141, 142, 153–58, Amuq, 124 160, 161, 166, 169, 171, 174, 175, 176, 177, Amurru, 60, 310, 319, 320 186, 187, 195, 196, 225 381

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76443-8 - Mobile Pastoralism and the Formation of Near Eastern Civilizations: Weaving Together Society Anne Porter Index More information

382 P Index

Arslantepe (cont.) Caucasus, 118, 175 Building III, 71, 119, 170, 172 cedar mountains, 253 Building XXIX, vi, 108, 110, 112, 119 cenotaph, 229 Royal Tomb T1, 65–72, 111, 164–73, 175, 176, chaff, 107 177, 191 Chagar Bazaar, 178, 179, 185, 187 Temple A, 109, 110, 117–19, 170, 172, 187 Charpin, Dominique, 26, 27, 30–34, 60, 270 Temple B, 109, 110, 111, 116, 172 chief, 26, 36, 70, 105, 314 VIA, vi, 65, 66, 71, 107, 108, 110–13, 115, chiefdom, 38, 55, 328, 329 116, 119, 130, 133, 154, 155, 157, 161, 164, Childe, V. Gordon, 15 170–73, 176, 195 Chogha Mish, 96 VIB1, 65, 66, 173, 195, 196 city, 3, 15, 25, 32, 40, 43, 73, 74, 100, 123, 127, VIB2, 65, 67, 172, 173, 195 133, 137, 139, 145, 152, 153, 161, 162, 194, VIB2a, 65, 66, 195, 196 197, 198, 199, 210, 212, 214, 217, 221, 222, VIB2b, 65, 66 228, 232, 233, 234, 236, 239–44, 246, 249, VII, vi, 65, 66, 70, 108, 110, 111, 112, 115, 119, 252, 254, 255, 258, 260, 262, 263, 269, 270, 132, 133–34, 154–55, 172 291, 294, 299, 302, 306, 309, 310, 311, 321 arua, 301, 302 citystate, 38, 206, 221, 243, 297 Assur, 31 colonialism (colonialist), 3, 14, 15, 44, 45, 46, 55, Assyrian, 81, 300 75–80, 82, 87, 95, 97, 101, 102, 161 Assyrian King List (AKL), 269, 305 colony (colonist), 74, 75, 80–82, 86, 88, 91, 95, assyriologist(s) (assyriology, assyriological), 19, 102, 115, 120, 124, 125, 127, 134, 138, 145, 21, 105, 240, 261 155, 160, 161, 173 Atarib. See Darib commemoration (commemorative), 104, 133, Atrahasis, 227 156, 157, 176, 190–93, 217, 228, 247, 257, 277, 278 Babylon (Babylonian), 25, 34, 252, 260, 263, 264, complex society, 38. See also state 266, 269, 277, 294, 313, 318 complexity, 6, 9, 13, 15, 40–45, 60, 65, 69, 72, 73, bàd-ma-da, 303, 314 75, 77, 112, 120, 121, 122, 157, 160, 173, bala, 297–99, 302, 307 176, 177, 196, 198, 207, 223, 240 Balikh, 31, 185, 197, 271 container, 94–97, 128, 157, 172, 186 Baluchistan, 249 Cooper, Lisa, 40, 194 Bannum, 32 cosmos (cosmological), 71, 127, 150, 154, 169, Barama, 214–20 175, 183, 194, 199, 209, 218, 219, 233, 256, Barth, Fredrik, 156 272, 273, 274, 276, 291 Bates and Lees, 21. See also Lees and Bates costume, 69, 167, 168 Bau, 221 Courty, Marie-Agnes, 310 beveled-rim bowl. See pottery cretulae, 187. See also seals and sealings Bhabha, Homi, 78, 79 Curvers, Hans, 224 big men, 105 Cyrenacia, 53, 54 Binash, 215 Bir, 215 Dadanu, 319. See also Didanu, Ditanu bitum, 194 dais, 110, 203, 204, 205, 209, 212, 219, 220 Black Desert, 8 dam-en, 202 Black, Jeremy, 304 da-mu, 219 Bloch, Maurice, 55 damu-damu, 239 Bonechi, Marco, 215, 219, 314 Darib, 220, 228 boundaries, 2, 14, 22, 39, 48, 56–59, 62, 82, 196, death pit, 143 229, 242, 272, 326 Delnero, Paul, 266 Bourdieu, Pierre, 100 Der, 303, 304 Braidwood, Robert and Linda, 124 descent, 38, 45–64, 129, 154, 156, 158, 161, 173, bread, 96–103, 112, 132, 135, 140, 141, 184, 226, 176, 190, 193, 194, 195, 234, 237, 245, 250, 235, 314 271, 272, 273, 327 mold, 96–104 Didanu, 322 Buccellati, Giorgio, 300, 301, 306 differentiation, 2, 51, 78, 79, 82, 99, 103, 118, Butterlin, Pascal, 95, 98 121, 130, 144, 152, 157, 160, 164, 171, 173–75, 195, 196, 198, 199, 223. See also C14, 84, 90, 125 post-colonialism caprid, 115 Dilmun, 281, 292, 301 Carchemish, 86, 174 dimorphism, 24, 37

Index p 383

dingir, 78, 150, 151, 228, 229 Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature Ditanu, 310, 312 (ETCSL), 280 Diyala, 158, 305 el-Kowm, 85, 90 Diyarbakir, 305 Emar, 235, 319, 320 Dolce, Rita, 207 Emirates, 244 Domuztepe, 143 emulation, 101, 119, 120 Drehem, 295, 298, 300, 301 Emutbal, vi, 33, 299, 315–18 Durand, Jean-Marie, 26, 28–38, 60, 270, 271, 314 en (en.en), 201, 204–06, 211–22, 226, 228–32, 234, 236–37, 248, 310, 322 é, 194 Enki, 257, 292 é mah, 215, 229. See also mausoleum Enki and the World Order, 290, 292 é ma-tim (é ma-dím), 215, 216, 218, 229, 230. Enkidu, 264, 267, 276, 277 See also mausoleum Enlil, 32, 35, 291 é x pap, 215, 229, 230 Enmerkar, 265, 272, 275, 277, 278, 290, 292, Eana precinct, 123, 143, 170, See Uruk, site of 295, 307 level XII, 97 Enmerkar and En-Suhgir-ana, 308 Early Dynastic period, 217, 265, 266, 274, 278, 306 Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta, 265, 283, Early Dynastic I, 278 284, 308 Early Dynastic III, 278 ens, 216, 217, 220, 221, 228, 231, 311 Ebla, vi, 19, 20, 28, 62, 196, 197, 199–222, 226, eponymous, 154, 269, 271, 276, 319 228–40, 247, 300, 307, 309, 310, 311, 314, equid, 216, 246, 298 318, 319, 320, 322 Eridu, 104 administrative sector, 203, 206, 208, 210, 211 Eshnunna, 31, 32, 34, 271, 289, 294, 296, 318 alimentary sector, 205, 206, 210, 231 ethnography (ethnographic), 10, 21, 25, 27, 30, ceremonial stairway, 204 44, 45, 49, 55, 58, 63, 64, 101 decorated threshold, 211 Euphrates external stairway, 203. See also Ebla, Middle Euphrates, 74, 75, 84, 85, 86, 115, 118, monumental gateway 124, 161, 173, 177, 178, 309 G5, 207 Upper Euphrates, 72, 86, 122, 137, 174, 177, internal staircase, 203, 204, 205, 211. See also 178, 179 Ebla, ceremonial stairway Evans-Pritchard, Sir Edward, 14, 23, 45, 46, kinglist, 199 47–55 kitchen, 205 evolutionary archaeology. See anthroplogical limestone eyes, 210 archaeology monumental gateway, 203, 204 exclusionary, 22, 58, 142, 152, 188, 190, 318, Palace G, vi, 199–213, 217, 219, 222, 230, 322, 327 231, 248 eye idol(s) (spectacle idol), vi, 106, 113, 114, 160, plaza, 201, 204, 205, 206, 208, 209, 210, 211, 183, 187 212, 219, 220 Room 2586, 210 faunal, 92, 104, 114, 115, 226 Room 2601, 210 feast (feasting), vi, 104, 105, 106, 107, 110, 112, Room 2712, 203 114, 133, 134, 135, 140–43, 157, 160, 190, Room 2764, 211 195, 206, 226, 269, 275 Room 2769, 209 feasting hall, 104, 112. See also Tell Brak, Room 2862, 211, 212 tripartite building Room 2866, 211 festivals, 226, 298 Room 2875, 209, 211 fixed identities.See post-colonialism Room 4436, 207, 208 flax, 113. See also textiles 17, 18, 19, 107 Room 4448, 207 Fleming, Daniel, 26, 36, 37, 60, 259, 260, 264, Standard, 207 318, 320 Temple D, 206 food and identity, 99–102 TM 82.G. 266, 248 Fortes, Meyer, 45, 47, 48, 51, 52 TM.75.G.118+152, 219 Frachetti, Michael, 249 egalitarian (egalitarianism), 9, 10, 45, 188 Frangipane, Marcella, 65–70, 105–15, 116, Egypt (Egyptian), 41, 73, 79, 96, 99 119, 122, 131, 141, 142, 164, 166, 170, Ekallatum, 31, 32, 33, 35, 271 171, 179, 196 Ekur, 291 Frayne, Douglas, 304, 305, 316 Elam (Elamite), 286, 287, 288, 289, 292, 296, Fronzaroli, Pelio, 214, 215, 216, 239 305, 317, 320, 328 funerary ritual, 213. See also wedding ritual

384 P Index

genealogy (genealogies), 26, 34, 52, 57, 63, 160, Harugu, 221 199, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 274, 322 Harusanum, 312 genealogical tradition, 230 Hassek Höyük, 84, 90, 111, 119, 120, 129, 134, of Ammi-Saduqa, 269, 304 136, 145, 192 of Samsi-Addu, 305 Hazor, 244 of the Hammurabi Dynasty (GHD), 269, Heimpel, Wolfgang, 34, 244 272, 304 Helms, Svend, 8, 9 George, Andrew, 259 Helwing, Barbara, 119 Gilgamesh, 150, 252–67, 276–78, 288, 295, 324 Hempelmann, Ralph, 185, 192 Death of Gilgamesh, The, 257, 258, 276, 277 hierarchy, 28, 40, 42, 54, 70, 71, 91, 129, 149, epic of, 274 221, 223, 235, 329 Gilgamesh and Aga, 258 highlands, 244, 260, 303, 321 Gilgamesh and Huwawa, 257, 266, 276 Hindu, 205 Gilgamesh and Huwawa A, 253 Hittites, 241 Gilgamesh and Huwawa B, 276 Holy, Ladislav, 48 Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven, 254, 276, 277 Homs, 309 Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the Netherworld, 255, 257, house society, 52, 190 258, 276, 290 household(s), 17–19, 21, 41, 61, 99, 101, 133, Huwawa, 253, 254, 258–61, 277 134, 138–40, 142, 146, 152, 153, 158–62, gipar, 307 177, 198, 221, 232, 234, 235–37, 242, 247, Girsu, 290, 302 248, 296, 307, 324 Glassner, Jean-Jacques, 149, 151 patrimonial, 41, 61, 202 globalization, 81 Huber, Fabienne, 279 Godin Tepe, 76, 84, 86, 87, 90, 119, 134, 145 Huehnergard, John, 268 Gosden, Chris, 79, 82 Hurrian, 241 Gre Virike, 176, 197 hursag, 291 grill, 104, 134 husbandry, 138, 241, 243 grill building, 224 hut symbol, 114. See also eye idol Gudea, 314, 321 hybrid (hybridity), 77–80, 82, 92, 101, 103, Guichard, Michaël, 270, 271 119, 120, 142, 143, 144, 154. See also post-colonialsim habitus, 100, 156 hypogeum, 215, 228 Habuba Kabira South, 74, 75, 84, 90, 91, 111, 119, 123–26, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 145, Ibal, 32, 220, 310, 312, 314, 319 161, 171 Ibal-pi-Il, 32 Habur, vi, 31, 33, 88, 90, 92, 115, 178, 185, 186, Ibbini-Lim, 214, 216, 229 187, 197, 222, 223, 225, 227, 238, 247, 310, Ibbi-Sin, 286, 287 313, 318 Ibrium, 238 Habura, 306 identity, 10, 12, 30, 33, 37, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, Hacinebi, vi, 74, 75, 76, 81, 84, 90, 92–96, 102, 71, 77–82, 97, 99, 100, 101, 118, 120, 142, 103, 113, 114, 134, 140, 141 145, 146, 152–61, 164, 173, 191, 193, 196, Hadda of Aleppo, 219, 221 206, 220, 267, 268, 269, 271, 295, 303, 309, Hadni-Addu, 32 310, 315, 320, 322, 326, 327, 328. See also Halaf, 155 post-colonialism Halawa, vi, 117, 179, 181–88, 192, 193–95, Igi-hursaga, 283, 286 197, 225 Igrish-Halab, 216, 229 H-600, 194 Ila-kabkabu, 31 Tell A, 194, 197 Inana, 127, 255, 265, 272–78, 292, 307, 308 Tell B, vi, 181, 188, 194 in-antis, vi, 192, 193. See also temple wall painting, 187 inclusionary, 58, 190, 192, 195 Hallo, William, 267, 273 Ingar, 236 halub, 255, 256, 276 integration, 2, 9, 16, 20, 21, 26, 41, 48, 51, 52, 58, Hammurabi, 4, 25, 251, 269, 274 144, 145, 151, 152, 153, 156, 162, 164, 173, Hamoukar, 90, 160 195, 197, 198, 220, 222, 228, 275, 326, 327, Hamrin, 125, 322 328, 329 hana, 26, 33, 35, 36, 61, 239 Irad, 214 Hana, 26, 33, 270, 271, 312, 320 Irkab-Damu, 213, 230 Hana Yaradum, 270 Ishara, 214 Harsi, 303 Ishar-Damu, 213, 230

Index p 385

Ishar-Malik, 229 Kisig, 299 Ishbi-Erra, 267, 285–88, 295 kispu, 190, 193, 269, 271, 272 Ishchali, 261 of Samsi-Addu, 270 Ishme-Dagan, 32, 290 Kleiner Antentempel. See Tell Chuera Ishme-Dagan Hymn, 291 Kranzhügeln, 178 Ishru, 214 Kudur-mabuk, 315, 317, 318 Ishrut-Damu, 216 Kulab, 217 Ishtar, 185, 189, 191, 256, 272 Kultepe, 81 Isin, viii, 29, 251, 267, 272, 286, 287, 288, 301, kur, 127, 258, 290, 291, 299, 314, 320, 321 312, 317, 323, 324 kur Mardu, 305 Isin-Larsa, 274 Kura, 69, 70, 172, 173, 176, 204, 206, 214–20, Isme-Dagan, 270 237, 238, 310, 311 Kura-Araxes (Kura-Araxan), 69, 70, 172, 173, Jawa, 8 175, 176 Jebel abd al-Aziz, 309 Kurda, 318 Jebel Aruda, vi, 74, 84, 90, 91, 117, 123, 125–29, kur-gal, 291 130–35, 161, 180, 185, 186 kurgans, 177 Jebel Bishri, 309–10, 320 Jebel Hamrin, 305, 321 Lagash, 298, 301–03, 314, 315, 320, 322 Jebel Sinjar, 37, 312, 318 Lake Van, 124 Jerablus Tahtani, 90, 197 Lakusir, 312 Lambert, Wilfred, 272 kalam, 291 Lamentation over the Destruction of Sumer

kam4, 219, 236 and Ur, 288, 323

kam4-mu, 234, 239 Lancaster, William and Felicity, 249 Karahar, 303 Larsa, viii, 29, 33, 251, 299, 311–17, 318 karum, 91 Late Bronze period, 191 Kaspanum, 312 Late Chalcolithic period, vi, 62, 80, 85, 88–99, Kazallu, 286 102, 103, 105, 107, 111, 118, 121, 122, 125, Keesing, Roger, 52, 53 130, 141, 145, 160, 173 Khafajah, 158, 162, 187–89, 194, 226 Late Reserved Slip Ware. See pottery House layer 12, 160 Lees, Susan and Daniel Bates, 20–22, 137, 145 level IV, 160 Levant (Levantine), 118, 244 Sin Temple, vi, 60, 61, 79, 158, 159, 160, 162, Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 52 187, 189, 314 libation, 172, 291 Small Temple, 187 li-im, 219 Square Temple, 187 limes, 305 Temple Oval, 189 literary letters, 266, 267, 280, 283, 289, 300, 303, Kharab Sayyar, 185, 186 304, 309 ki, 219, 298, 299, 309 literary theory, 261 Kikuli texts, 241 Liverani, Mario, 244 king(s), 28–32, 34–39, 60, 62, 69, 70, 79, Lub, 214 162, 168, 199, 201, 202, 209, 210, 212, Luban, 220, 221, 222 217, 221, 229–35, 239, 247, 252, 265, lugal, 298, 310 269, 270, 272, 273, 274, 276–78, 280, Lugalbanda, 274–79, 288, 290, 295, 307 284, 285, 287, 289, 294, 295, 298, 301, Lugalbanda and the Anzud Bird, 265, 275, 303, 314, 315, 318, 321 290, 292 kingdom(s), 25–26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 40, 55, Lugalbanda in the Mountain Cave, 212, 229, 231, 235, 248, 271, 296, 300, 305, 265, 275 308, 309, 317. See also state Lu-Nanna, 284, 285 kinship, 2, 4, 6, 9, 10, 21, 22, 28, 30, 33, 36–40, 42, 44, 45–60, 62, 63, 69, 70, 141, 143, 144, Magan, 292 154, 156, 158, 161, 162, 173, 174, 176, 190, Maisells, Charles, 15 192–94, 199, 213, 219, 222, 231–40, 244, maliktum, 202, 211–18, 221, 229, 230, 231, 235, 245, 246, 254, 271–76, 302, 318, 321, 326, 236, 237 328, 329 malikum, 202 blood, 9, 22, 33, 42, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 56, 61, Malinowski, Bronislaw, 47 64, 69, 97, 138, 231, 239, 271, 273, 324 Mar’yashev, Alexei, 249 Kish, 62, 237, 239, 258 Marchesi, Gianni, 232

386 P Index

Mardu/Martu (mar.dú/mar-tu), viii, 220, 265, Niap, 214, 215 268, 278–95, 298–315, 318–24 Ninsun, 150, 260, 295 Marriage of, 293–95, 306 Ninut temple, 187 Mardum, 310 Nippur, 193, 278, 297, 298 Mari, 25–38, 60, 61, 62, 86, 178, 179, 188, 194, nomad(s) (nomadic, nomadism), 4, 10, 11, 16, 197, 219, 223, 231, 238–41, 244, 251, 267, 19, 20–22, 24–26, 33, 36, 44, 69, 70, 111, 269, 270, 271, 279, 287, 295, 301, 303, 309, 158, 177, 238–40, 248–50, 251, 252, 267, 311, 314, 318–20, 324 269, 293, 296, 299, 306, 315, 320–21, 328 Ishtar Temple, 185, 189, 191 Nuer, 15, 23, 45, 48–51, 55, 56, 293 Ville I, 191 Numha, 33, 36, 62, 270, 271, 312, 318 Ville II, 191, 194 Numushda, 294 Marx, Emmanuel, 249, 250 Marxist, 15 Oates, David and Joan, 88 Mashkan-shapir, 312, 315 Oates, Joan, 106 mass burials, 143 oikos, 138, 188 massebah, 179 Old Babylonian period, viii, 29, 36, 37, 43, mass-produced, 96, 98, 103, 110, 112, 133, 139, 60, 62, 190, 193, 238, 240, 241, 252, 253, 140–42, 143, 157, 172, 195 259–66, 267, 274, 276, 277, 279, 288, 289, material culture, 3, 9, 10, 16, 71–74, 77, 79–81, 294, 300, 303, 311, 313, 324 90, 95, 102, 123, 130, 140, 145, 154, 156, Omani, 244 158, 161, 162, 185, 235, 249, 252 materiality, 8, 70, 71, 77, 81, 129, 149, 171, 220, palace, 28, 33, 66, 69, 107, 110, 191, 199–213, 249. See also post-colonialism 217, 221, 230–39, 247, 270, 302, 307 Matthiae, Paolo, 19, 203, 205, 207, 208, 210, Palace G. See Ebla 229, 230 Palatial Period. See Arslantepe level VIA mausoleum, 215 Palumbi, Giulio, 70, 72, 196 Mazzoni, Stefania, 206, 209, 212 Parkinson, William, 49 McCorriston, Joy, 17–19, 20, 139, 145 pastoralist(s) (pastoralism), 1–39, 45, 49, 53, McGuire, Randall, 15 60–63, 65, 70, 75, 86–88, 136–40, 144–47, mekkû, 256 153, 154, 155, 158, 161, 174, 175, 196–97, Meluha, 292 223, 237, 238, 239, 240, 242, 243, 244, mesh, 265 245, 246, 248, 249, 250, 260–63, 269, 271, Mesoamerican, 81 282–83, 288, 290, 292, 296–327 Middle Bronze period, 62, 238 Bedouin, 8, 9, 15 Milstein, Sara, 259, 260, 264 broad range, 174, 197, 245, 248 mirrored (mirroring), 168, 222, 225 groups, 226, 233 mirrored toponyms, 313, 318 long distance, 115 mobility, 3–4, 9, 12, 21, 63, 238 mobile, 1, 3, 5, 8, 11–14, 20, 22, 32, 33, 46, 53, Moortgat, Anton, 225 65, 75–82, 86–88, 118, 136–40, 144, 153, Morgan, Lewis Henry, 45, 47, 48, 49 156, 158, 173–76, 220, 227, 249, 252, 269, mortuary ritual(s), 269, 272 284, 292, 299, 300, 301, 307, 312, 319, 320, mold, 112. See also mead 321, 326, 327 myth (mythical, mythological), 118, 168, 207, raiding, 22–24, 63, 196 208, 265, 286, 307 specialized, 21 transhumant, 260 Nabada, 246, 313. See also Tell Beydar peer-polity, 101 Nagar, 31, 62, 103, 237, 246, 313. See also Tell Brak Peltenburg, Edgar, 102 nakru, 291 Penn(sylvania) tablet, 259, 260 Nanna, 293 Persian Gulf, 5, 197, 244, 296 Naplanum, 298–300, 306, 312, 315 Peters, Emery, 53, 54 Naram-Sin, 33, 78, 238, 268, 269, 270, 297, 309, Pettinato, Giovanni, 215 314, 320 pig, 115 Rebellion against, 270 pilgrimage, 34, 199, 216, 220, 226, 229 Nenash, 214–16, 218, 221, 229 ritual, 213. See also wedding ritual neo-Sumerian, 263, 264, 266, 274, 279, 295, Plain Simple Ware. See pottery 308, 327 polity, 4, 22, 24, 28, 32, 35, 36, 38–42, 47, Nergal, 304 58–62, 69, 75, 86, 92, 108, 125, 146, netherworld, 104, 127, 256, 257, 291 177, 190, 196–203, 206–13, 218–23, 228,

Index p 387

232–38, 246–50, 263, 287, 300, Rim-Sin, 316, 317 303, 309–15, 318, 320, 322, 323, Ristvet, Lauren, 247 326–29 rite de passage, 275 bifurcated, 228 ritual(s), 16, 33, 55, 58, 71, 101–12, 117–20, 129, dispersed, 228 132, 133, 136, 140–43, 146, 150, 154–57, Pollock, Susan, 137, 162 164–72, 178, 180, 186–207, 209, 210, Pomponio, Francesco, 218, 314 212–31, 236, 237, 247, 252, 270, 277 postcolonialism, 75–82, 92, 99, 101, 142, 160 Rothman, Mitchell, 156 pottery Rowton, Michael, 20–26, 37, 240 beveled-rim bowl, vi, 73, 88, 90, 93, 95–104, Rupley, E., 88 112, 122, 129–43 Rwala, 8 Chaff-Faced, 128–30 ki Chaff-Faced Ware, 124 sa.zax , 216, 217, 236 chaff-tempered, 97, 119, 122, 124 sacred marriage, 231, 272–78 cyma recta, 185 sacrifice (sacrificed, sacrificial), 42, 66–71, 143, daily wares, 130 164–69, 177, 191, 214, 216, 226, 243, 247, Euphrates Banded Ware, 120, 124 253, 273, 298, 299 flower pot, 132 Sallaberger, Walther, 247 Late Reserved Slip Ware, 69 salt, 91, 96, 103 Metallic Ware, 124 Salzman, Phillip, 53, 54, 249 Plain Simple Ware, 69, 120, 124, 170, 171 Sammeltafel, 305 Red-Black Burnished Ware, 68–71, 111, 119, Samsi-Addu, 25–36, 268–74, 315, 318 119, 122, 129, 133, 155–57, 170–72 Sargon, 33, 268, 269, 270, 286 Red-Slipped Ware, 124, 129, 130, 172 Scheffler, Harold, 52, 53 Reserved Slip Ware, 69–72, 111, 122, 124, 185 Schloen, David, 41–42, 61, 234 Scarlet Ware, 124 Schneider, David, 56 specialized wares, 130 Schwartz, Glenn, 224, 225 Uruk bottle, 133 Scoyen tablet 2, 261 Potts, Daniel, 98, 136 seals and sealings, vi, 39, 106–17, 129–43, 148, power, 2, 4, 25–45, 54–87, 102, 105, 126, 127, 154, 186, 187, 224 146–70, 188, 189, 199–209, 222–59, cretulae, 110 270–87, 291, 297, 303, 312, 317–28 cylinder, 39, 92, 139, 143, 162 practice theory, 77, 100 stamp, 109 prasad, 205 sedentarization, 284 pre-Sargonic period, 313 sedentary farmers, 3, 21, 24, 27, 173, 176, 249 prestation, 212, 234, 311 segmentary, 22, 39, 45–55, 328, 329 professions list, 162 Service, Elman, 58 pukku, 256 ses-II-ib, 219–26 Puzrish-Dagan, 296–99, 303, 307 “seven shrines of Subartu,” 178 Puzur-Marduk, 284 Shagishu, 216 Puzur-Numushda, 283–87 shakkanaku, 31, 33, 271, 287 Puzur-Shulgi, 281–87 Shamhat, 259, 260 pyrotechnic installations, vi, 55, 56, 91, 101–12, Sharkalisharri, 309, 321 117, 120, 128–42, 160, 184–86, 205, 222 Sharrumbani, 285 and feasting, 133–35 sheep, 17–20, 85, 114, 115, 140–52, 216, 226, 238–48, 254, 298–303, 321 Qara Quzak, 178–95 Shehna, 31. See also Shubat-Enlil/Tell Leilan Tomb 12, 190 Sheikh Hassan, 75–92, 127, 134, 145, 186 Qasr Burqu, 8 Shimamum, 305 Qatna, 191 Shioukh Fawqani, 184–85, 193 Qraya, 82–91, 140 shir-gida, 295 shrine, 66, 130, 132, 157, 161, 187, 219 Rabeeans, 35 Shubat-Enlil, 31. See also Tell Leilan Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred, 47, 48, 49 Shulgi, 266, 277–309, 323, 331 Rasum, 312 Shulgi U, 304 ration bowl(s), 95–97, 122. See also mass produced Shurrupak, 306, 315, 322 Razama, 312, 318 Shu-Sin, 279–92, 304–23 Red Temple, 128. See also Jebel Aruda Simalites, 26–36, 62, 271, 303, 312

388 P Index

Simanum, 306 Tell Bi’a, 35, 176, 197. See also Tuttul Simti-shilhak, 317 Tell Brak, vi, 31, 78–92, 102–15, 132–42, 178–97, Simurrum, 303 223, 246–48, 313. See also Nagar Sin Temple, 158, 162. See also Khafajah feasting hall, vi, 104–07, 114 Sinai, 250 level 11, 107 single-halled structures (single longitudinally level 16, vi, 88, 103–14 flanked hall building without transverse level 18, vi, 104–14 extension), 130, 133, 153, 159, 195 level 18b, 107 Sin-Kashid, 60, 61, 274 level 19, vi, 107–28, 158, 159, 226 Sin-muballit, 316 level 20, 107, 113, 114 skeleton(s), 66, 164–69 levels 17–15, 104 Smith, Adam, 40, 43 Tell Chuera, 178–97, 228, 237 Southall, Aiden, 49 Tell Gudeda, 223, 226 specialized wares, 121, 236 Tell Hariri, 309. See also Mari spindle whorls, 113, 114, 128 Tell Kashkashouk, 178–92 state, ix–1, 3–63, 72–82, 104, 119–67, 177, Tell Kerma, 223, 226 228–49, 270, 289–329 Tell Leilan, 35. See also Shubat-Enlil/Shehna complex society, 39, 44, 62, 101 Tell Majnuna, 142. See also Tell Brak formation, 9, 16, 27–39, 62, 75, 77, 105, 137, Tell Mardikh, 199, 215, 228, 236. See also Ebla 147, 173, 197, 329 Tell Melebiya, 226 post-Westphalian, 14, 28 Tell Qannas, 125, 132 secondary formation, 197 Tell Raqa’i, vi, 178–94, 222–35 Syrian model, 38 level 3, 227 Weberian state, 39, 45 Room 10, 225 Stein, Gil, 17–22, 75–81, 92–102, 156, 248 Room 9, 224, 225 Steinkeller, Piotr, 202, 291, 305–19 temple(s), ix–1, 18, 241–55, 271, 274, 276, Stephen, Fiona, 102 291–303, 329 steppe, 2, 86, 87, 127, 178, 180, 241–67, 289–322 economy, 221 subaltern, 76, 77, 78. See also post-colonialism estate(s), 222 Subartu, 185 households, 302 Subir, 280, 281, 292 in-antis, 192, 197, 225 Sumer (Sumerian), 16, 98, 127, 152, 194, 201, of ’Adabal, 222 217, 220, 251–66, 274–309, 322–28 of Kura, 214, 217, 310 Sumerian King List, 265, 274, 323 of Nanna, 242, 243, 244 Sumerologists (Sumerological), 279 Oval, 159 Sumu-epuh, 33 ten temples of the Transeuphrates, Sumu-Yamam, 32, 271 189, 195 Susa, 74, 82–107, 123, 125, 141, 283, 285, Terqa, 317 296, 307 textiles, 17–21, 113, 114, 137–54, 196–98, 214, level 22, 97 226, 235–47, 302, 303, 311, 326 Susiana, 85, 137, 139 theocracy, 104, 329 Syria (Syrian), 5, 17–20, 38–44, 68–78, 90, 99, third space, 79, 160. See also post-colonialism 157, 178, 199, 215, 223, 311, 322 Tidnu, 285, 288, 303–24 Tigris, 5, 14, 17, 31, 36, 87, 90, 158, 243, 296, tableau, 167, 169 307, 318, 326 Tallensi, 48, 51 Tilla, 312 taste, 98, 99, 120 Titris Höyük, 176 Taurus, 86 titulary, 60, 269, 316, 317, 318 Tell ’Abr, 88, 90 abu Amurrim, 315 Tell ’Atij, 178, 179, 185, 223, 226 abu Emutbala, 315 Tell Abraq, 244 and usurpation, 274 Tell Ahmar, 197 at Ebla, 201, 202 Tell Banat, vi, 118, 120, 176, 180, 197, 228, 237, dual, 59–62, 315–18 282 rabian Amurrum, 315 Building 7, 215 Samsi-Addu, 34, 36 Tomb 7, 215 Zimri-Lim, 34 White Monument, vi, 180, 211, 215 tokens, vi, 147–52 Tell Bderi, 225 tomb(s), vi, 65–73, 118, 118, 153–77, 190–99, Tell Beydar, 238–48, 313. See also Nabada 213, 215, 228

Index p 389

Transcaucasian, 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, 111, 118, 119, van Gennep, Arnold, 275 155, 158, 164, 171, 173, 176, 177 Vanstiphout, Herman, 275, 307 Transtigridian, 243, 303, 305, 322 Veldhuis, Niek, 149, 266 tribe(s) (tribal, tribalism), 3–63, 156, 177–99, 232–50, 315–29 wall cones, 73, 92, 130 and state, 6, 9, 10, 37, 38, 44. See also state wall of the land, 296, 303, 314 as a stage, 10 wall paintings, vi, 116, 154, 182 autocratic, 38 Arslantepe, 109, 115–18, 133, 134 egalitarian, 9 Halawa, 117, 181, 183 warlike, 10 Qara Quzaq, 179 tripartite building, 103–12, 123–43 Tell Raqa’i, 225 Tubuh-Hadda, 237 Wallerstein, Immanuel, 75 Tur Abdin, 309 Warad-Sin, 315 Turkey, 5, 65, 69, 73, 75, 100, 178 Waters of Mashad, 214 Tuttul, 35, 271, 319, 320. See also Tell Bi’a weavers, 19, 20, 203, 235, 282, 302 Weber, Jill, 143 Ubaid, 79, 91, 105, 124, 143, 155 Weber, Max, 39, 40, 41 Uduhudu, 214, 217, 229 wedding ritual. See Ebla Umm al Marra, 176 Text A, 213, 216 Umm Qseir, 115 Text B, 213, 216, 217 Umma, 242, 245, 297–321 Text C, 213 Unug, 217, 278 Weiss, Harvey, 247, 310 Ur (Ur III period, Third Dynasty of), 43, 193, White temple. See Uruk 231–326 Woods, Christopher, 288 Group A letters, 283 wool, 17–19, 113, 114, 137–46, 174, 226, Group B letters, 285 240–47, 302, 326. See also textiles Group C letters, 287 Wright, Henry, 88, 138 Royal Cemetery, 191 writing, 1, 2, 73, 77, 88, 146–53 Royal correspondence of, 279 urbanism, 2, 10, 11, 17, 19, 39, 88, 98, 197, 198 Xella, Paolo, 218 Ur-Nammu, 276, 277, 278, 280, 295, 323 Death of, 277 Yaggid-Lim, 31, 33, 271 Ur-Nammu the Canal Digger, 273 Yahdun-Lim, 31, 33, 271 uru.bar, 236 Yahruru, 33 Uruk, 3–18, 28, 33, 60–198, 217, 251–79, Yale tablet, 259, 260, 261 292–307, 320–29 Yamhad, 32, 33, 305 chronology, 82–92 Yaminites, 26–36, 60, 62, 271, 312 geography, 82–92 Yamutbal, vi, 36, 62, 312–19 Late Uruk period, 82–104, 134 Yamuti, 318 Middle Uruk period, 85, 93 Yarim-Lim, 32 White temple, 127 Yasmah-Addu, 25–36, 270 Uruk expansion, explanations of Yenhar-armi, 238 distance parity model, 76, 80–81 Yoffee, Norman, 41, 43, 62 postcolonialism and, 75–82 world systems model, 72–75 Zabaya, 315 usurper(s) (usurpation), 61, 278, 295, Zagros, 86, 244, 285, 296, 303, 307 317, 318 Zeytinli Bahçe, 84, 90, 179, 185 Utu, 253–56, 314 Zimri-Lim, 25–37, 61, 239, 270, 271, 303 Utu-Hegal, 295 Zimudar, 284, 285