DOCSLIB.ORG

Stoney Road out of Eden: the Struggle to Recover Insurance For

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Stoney Road out of Eden: the Struggle to Recover Insurance For Scholarly Commons @ UNLV Boyd Law Scholarly Works Faculty Scholarship 2012 Stoney Road Out of Eden: The Struggle to Recover Insurance for Armenian Genocide Deaths and Its Implications for the Future of State Authority, Contract Rights, and Human Rights Jeffrey W. Stempel University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- William S. Boyd School of Law Sarig Armenian David McClure University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- William S. Boyd School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/facpub Part of the Contracts Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, Insurance Law Commons, Law and Politics Commons, National Security Law Commons, and the President/Executive Department Commons Recommended Citation Stempel, Jeffrey W.; Armenian, Sarig; and McClure, David, "Stoney Road Out of Eden: The Struggle to Recover Insurance for Armenian Genocide Deaths and Its Implications for the Future of State Authority, Contract Rights, and Human Rights" (2012). Scholarly Works. 851. https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/facpub/851 This Article is brought to you by the Scholarly Commons @ UNLV Boyd Law, an institutional repository administered by the Wiener-Rogers Law Library at the William S. Boyd School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STONEY ROAD OUT OF EDEN: THE STRUGGLE TO RECOVER INSURANCE FOR ARMENIAN GENOCIDE DEATHS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE OF STATE AUTHORITY, CONTRACT RIGHTS, AND HUMAN RIGHTS Je:jrev' W. Stempel Saris' ArInenian Davi' McClure* Intro d uctio n .................................................... 3 I. The Long Road to the Genocide Insurance Litigation ...... 7 A. The Millet System of Non-Geographic Ethno-Religious Administrative Autonomy ............................ 7 B. The Ottoman Empire and Its Armenian Population ..... 9 C. The Russo-Turkish Wars and the Armenian Question 11 D. The Massacres of 1895 and the Role of Sultan Abdul H am id 11 ............................................ 15 E. The American Protestant Missionary Movement- Education and Liberalism .. .......................... 17 F. Foreign Life Insurers Invade Turkey .................. 19 G. World War I and the Young Turks .................... 21 H. The Armenian Genocide 1915-1920 ................... 23 1. The 1917 Russian Revolution ............. ........... 30 J. Treaties and Diplomacy ...... ...... ... .... ....... 30 1. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk .................... 30 2. The Armenian Republic (1918-1920) and D iplom acy ....................................... 3 1 3. The Treaty of S~vres (1920) ...................... 33 * The authors are, respectively: Doris S. & Theodore B. Lee Professor of Law, William S. Boyd School of Law, University of Nevada Las Vegas; Attorney, Washington, D.C., Member, District of Columbia Bar and State Bar of Nevada, Boyd School of Law Class of 2009; Assistant Professor and Head of Research and Curriculum Services. William S. Boyd School of Law, University of Nevada Las Vegas. Thanks to Rachel Anderson, Chris Blakesley, and Ann McGinley for ideas and comments on this issue and to Bill Boyd, Doris and Ted Lee, Judge James Mahan, Kate Nahapetian, Jim Rogers, Mike Saltman and John White for continu- ing support. Thanks also to Jeanne Price, Annette Mann, Shannon Gallo. Kathleen Wilde, Rachael Samberg, Robert Opdyke, Erica Boutte, Derek Marr, Ammon Francom, and Reed McGinley-Stempel for help with research and processing. © 2012 Jeffrey W. Stempel, Sarig Armenian and David McClure BUFFALO HUMAN RIGHTS LAW REVIEW Vol. 18 4. The Treaty of Lausanne (1923) ................... 34 K. Building a New Life in America .......... II. The Armenian Genocide Insurance Litigation .. A . Is There a C lient? ..... B. The Armenian Life Insurance Policies ..... C . The Law yers ............................. D. The New York Life Insurance Litigation .. I. Fram ing the Case .................... 2. Procedural Skirmishes ................ 3. New York Life Unsuccessfully Asserts Sovereignty and Foreign Affairs Defenses ......... 4. New York Life Settles ............... E. The Munich Re Litigation and the Oscillating Hegemony of the Foreign Affairs Defense ............. III. The Limits of Litigation and Legislation in a Hobbesian W orld of Realpolitik .............................. ..... A. A Seemingly Perfect Crime ......................... B. The Armenian Insurance Litigation as a Barometer of Law's Efficacy for Corrective Justice ............. 1. Jurispathos and Jurisprudence ..................... 2. Error Within the Confines of Doctrine and Errors of D octrine ............................ ........... 3. The Movsesian Decisions: Confusion and C ow ardice ...................................... C. Improving American Law by Giving Breathing Space to Private Law Litigation Responses to Human Rights V io latio n s .... .................................. ... 1. The Increasing Problem of Excessive Judicial Deference to the National Executive ............. 2. The Essential Role of Courts in Adjudicating W ithout Regard to Political Pressure .............. 3. Determining the Degree of Deference Due Questioning the Need for Judicial Deference to the N ational Executive ............................... C o nclusio n .. ................................................... 2012 STONEY ROAD OUT OF EDEN 3 1NTROI)U( TION In 1915, Turkey was known as the "sick man of Europe" due to its substan- tial economic, social, political, and military problems., Soon, World War I would bring Turkey's problems into larger relief and usher in a transition from fading Muslim empire to secular nation.2 During this same time, Tur- key engaged in one of the largest campaigns of mass murder in history: an attempt to eradicate its Armenian population-"genocide" by any definition of the word.' Between 1915 and 1920, an estimated 1.5 million Armenians were slaughtered, with another million deported during death marches I See R. R. PAIMER & JOEL C()ITON, A HIsToRY OF, THI. MO)DERN WORIL) SINCE 1815, 655 (8th ed. 1995) ("Since the loss of Hungary in 1699 the Ottoman Empire had entered on a long process of territorial disintegration" but "was still huge" in the nineteenth century). The phrase "sick man of Europe" derives from a reference made by Czar Nicholas I of Russia to Sir George Hamilton Seymour, the British ambassador to St. Petersburg in 1854. The Czar's comment was made in the con- text of the declining Ottoman Empire and negotiations between the Russian Empire and its European counterparts to extend their spheres of influence after the dissolu- tion of the Ottoman state. See, JOsEPlH H. WILLSEY, HARPER's BOOK OF FAC-TS: A CLASSIFIED HISTORY OF Ti WORLD 703 (Charleston T. Lewis ed., 1895); Vernon J. Puryear, New Light on the Origins of the Crimean War, 3 J. MoD. His. 219 (Jun. 1931 ). See infra Section 1. H. See also JANI BuRBANK & FRIEDERI'K CoopF.R. EM- PIRIS IN WORLD HISTORY: POWER AND T[ril POILITI(S OF DIFFiRENCE 128-43 (2010) (describing generally the rise and structure of Ottoman Empire). See PALMER & COLTON, supra note 1, at 654-61, 718-22. 791-93. See also SEAN MCMEEKIN, THE BERI.IN-BAGIIDAI) ExPRiss: TiiF 0-I-rOMAN EMPIRI, AND GERMANY'S BID FOR WORLD POWER chs. 3. 18 (2010) (outlining the collapse of Ottoman Empire and development of modern Turkey during World War I era); ERSIN KALAYc(IO6 U, TURKISH DYNAMICS: BRIDGE, ACROss TROUBL[I) LANDS 15- 43 (2005): Osman Okyar, Atatirk's Quest for Modernism, in A'IATUJRK AND TIlE MODRNiZATION OF' TURKY 45-53 (Jacob M. Landau ed., 1984) (describing the historical context of Turkey's transition to secularism). 3 See SAMANTHA POWER, "A PROBI|M FROM HELL": AM!'RICA AND TH. AGE OF GiFNOClDr, ch. 3 (2002) (summarizing large scale carnage from intentional Turkish government actions against Armenian population): PALMER & COLTON, supra note 1, at 710-12; GRIGORis BAILAKIAN, ARMENIAN GOLGOrA: A MEMOIR 1F THE AR- MENIAN GENOCIDE, 1915-1918 (2009) (originally published in 1922) [hereinafter ARMENIAN GOLGOTHA] (detailing horrors inflicted on Armenian population by Turkish government): ARNOLD TOYNBIl, ARMENIAN ATROCITIES: THE MURDER OF A NATION (1915). The United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punish- ment of" the Crime of Genocide describes genocide as "acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group." See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Dec. 9, 1948, 102 Stat. 3045, 78 U.N.T.S. 277, U.N. G.A. Res. 260, U.N. G.A.O.R., 3d 4 BUFFALO HUMAN RIGHTS LAW REVIEW Vol. 18 out of the collapsing Ottoman Empire and into the Syrian Desert.4 Sub- merged even more than these atrocities, which have largely been down- played in the public and historical consciousness,5 is the refusal of life Sess., 179th Plen. Mtg. at 174, U.N. Doc. A/810 (1948). The term is generally credited to Raphael Lemkin, who observed that genocide was [a] coordinated plan of different actions aiming at the destruction of essential foundations of the life of national groups, with the aim of annihilating the groups themselves. Genocide has two phases; one: destruction of the national pattern of the oppressed group; the other, the imposition of the national pattern of the op- pressor. This imposition, in turn, may be made upon the op- pressed population which is allowed to remain, or upon the territory alone, after removal of the population and colonization of the area by the oppressor's own nationals. RAPHAEL LEMKIN, Axis RULE IN OC'UPiEf EUROPE: LAWS OF OCCUPATION, ANAL- YSIS OF GOVERNMIENT, PROPOSALS FOR RDRI.olss 79 (1944).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Grigoris Balakian, Armenian Golgotha
    Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 5 Issue 1 Article 9 April 2010 Book Review: Grigoris Balakian, Armenian Golgotha Robert Melson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation Melson, Robert (2010) "Book Review: Grigoris Balakian, Armenian Golgotha," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 5: Iss. 1: Article 9. Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol5/iss1/9 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Book Review Grigoris Balakian, Armenian Golgotha. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009. Pp. 509, cloth. $35.00 US. Reviewed by Robert Melson, Professor Emeritus, Purdue University, and Cohen-Lasry Distinguished Professor, Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Clark University The twenty-fourth of April 1915 is the date that marks the commencement of the Armenian Genocide. On that day, Grigoris Balakian, a high-ranking Armenian priest, was among the 250 Armenian religious, political, and cultural leaders who were arrested in Constantinople and sent 200 miles east to Chankiri to await their fate. While most of his companions were killed or died during the genocide, Balakian survived both the genocide and World War I. When the war ended in 1918, he started to write Armenian Golgotha. This is an astonishing memoir and meditation on his survival and on the course of the mass murder that destroyed more than half of the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • The Crime Against Cultural Heritage and Historical Memory: the Question of Abandoned Property I
    DR. Dickran KOUymjian Haig & Isabel Berberian Chair Emeritus Professor of Armenian Studies, Emeritus and former Director of the Armenian Studies Program, California State University, Fresno THE CRIME AGAINST CUltUral HeritaGE AND Historical Memory: THE QUESTION OF AbanDONED Property I. IntroDUction of their Republic. If the genocide of Nearly a century after the inception of slaughter and ethnic annihilation was the Armenian genocide, the survivors accomplished as the prelude to the foun- and their progeny still wait for acknowl- dation of the Turkish Republic, the oth- edgement of the act by its perpetrators. er genocide, the crime against Armenian The Armenian homeland is now called culture and historic memory, continues. by another name and inhabited by peo- The Armenian Genocide is unac- ple who negate the historical existence knowledged, unpunished, little known, of Armenians on these territories. The and still denied by its instigators. It be- Turkish Republic deprived Armenians gan in April 1915, in Istanbul, after the of their past by obliterating the words Turks entered World War I on the side Armenia and Armenians from its school of the Axis Powers. It was preceded by manuals, history books, and geography. widespread massacres in 1894 -1896 With time, Armenians must try harder and again in 1909. During the first year and harder to associate changed names more than a million Armenians were of towns and villages with the birth- killed or died during forced marches places of their forbearers. New genera- toward the Syrian deserts.1 tions of Turks, purposely kept ignorant about the past of their country, remain Already by 1916, the British Parliament indifferent toward events that occurred published The Treatment of the less than a decade before the founding Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, a 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The American Protestant Missionary Network in Ottoman Turkey, 1876-1914
    International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 4, No. 6(1); April 2014 The American Protestant Missionary Network in Ottoman Turkey, 1876-1914 Devrim Ümit PhD Assistant Professor Founding and Former Chair Department of International Relations Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Karabuk University Turkey Abstract American missionaries have long been the missing link in the study of the late Ottoman period despite the fact that they left their permanent trade in American as well as Western conceptions of the period such as “Terrible Turk” and “Red Sultan” just to name a few. From the landing of the first two American Protestant missionaries, Levi Parsons and Pliny Fisk, on the Ottoman Empire, as a matter of fact on the Near East, in early 1820, until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, American missionaries occupied the increasing attention of the Ottoman bureaucracy in domestic and foreign affairs while the mission work in the Ottoman Empire established the largest investment of the American Board of Commissionaries for Foreign Missions (A.B.C.F.M.) in the world, even above China and India, on the eve of the war. The bulk of the correspondence of the Ottoman Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the period was with the United States and this was chiefly concerned about the American mission schools. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine the encounter between the Ottoman officialdom and the American Protestant missionaries in Ottoman Turkey during the successive regimes of Sultan Abdülhamid II and the Committee of Union and Progress, the Unionists in the period of 1876-1914.
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching Social Issues with Film
    Teaching Social Issues with Film Teaching Social Issues with Film William Benedict Russell III University of Central Florida INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING, INC. Charlotte, NC • www.infoagepub.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Russell, William B. Teaching social issues with film / William Benedict Russell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60752-116-7 (pbk.) -- ISBN 978-1-60752-117-4 (hardcover) 1. Social sciences--Study and teaching (Secondary)--Audio-visual aids. 2. Social sciences--Study and teaching (Secondary)--Research. 3. Motion pictures in education. I. Title. H62.2.R86 2009 361.0071’2--dc22 2009024393 Copyright © 2009 Information Age Publishing Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Contents Preface and Overview .......................................................................xiii Acknowledgments ............................................................................. xvii 1 Teaching with Film ................................................................................ 1 The Russell Model for Using Film ..................................................... 2 2 Legal Issues ............................................................................................ 7 3 Teaching Social Issues with Film
    [Show full text]
  • The Parable of the Tenants Matthew 21:33-43
    Festival Update TheD St.u Michael/St.Bois Catherine Rom Labora Dayn FestivalCat hash beeno lcanceledic Fduea toi thet Coronah C Virus.ommunities The planning process for this event is delayed and large group gatherings are discouraged through the better part of the summer. Our hope is that next winter circumstances will be much more favorable for moving forward with a Festival in September, 2021. Our thanks to those who were part of the startup of the event and we hope we are able to count on your support next year! Pennsylvania Charitable Trusts The Parable of the Tenants Matthew 21:33-43 PARISH OFFICES SUNDAY MASS SCHEDULE Mailing Address Faith Family Friends St. Catherine of Siena 118 S. State St. 118 S. State St. DuBois, PA 15801 Mass of Anticipation: 4:30 p.m. Hours: 8 a.m. - 3 p.m., M-T Sunday Mass: 10 a.m. Phone: 814-371-8556 Daily Mass at 7 a.m., M-F Fax: 814-371-0592 St. Michael the Archangel Parish Email: 15 Robinson St. St. Catherine Sunday Mass: 9 a.m. [email protected] Daily Mass: M-F 8 a.m. St. Michael (Please check bulletin for any changes) [email protected] A Moms’ gathering will take Parish Website: place on Tuesday, RECONCILIATION www.stcathstmikedubois.org October 6, at St. Catherine’s St. Catherine - By appointment only. McGivney Hall from St. Michael - Wednesday: 7:15-7:45 a.m. Faith Formation: 814-371-4082 9 - 10:30 a.m. Anytime by appointment. Classes at DCC from Sept-May 11:30-12:45 See page 3 for details.
    [Show full text]
  • Livability Court Records 1/1/1997 to 8/31/2021
    Livability Court Records 1/1/1997 to 8/31/2021 Last First Middle Case Charge Disposition Disposition Date Judge 133 Cannon St Llc Rep JohnCompany Q Florence U43958 Minimum Standards For Vacant StructuresGuilty 8/13/18 Molony 148 St Phillips St Assoc.Company U32949 Improper Disposal of Garbage/Trash Guilty- Residential 10/17/11 Molony 18 Felix Llc Rep David BevonCompany U34794 Building Permits; Plat and Plans RequiredGuilty 8/13/18 Mendelsohn 258 Coming Street InvestmentCompany Llc Rep Donald Mitchum U42944 Public Nuisances Prohibited Guilty 12/18/17 Molony 276 King Street Llc C/O CompanyDiversified Corporate Services Int'l U45118 STR Failure to List Permit Number Guilty 2/25/19 Molony 60 And 60 1/2 Cannon St,Company Llc U33971 Improper Disposal of Garbage/Trash Guilty- Residential 8/29/11 Molony 60 Bull St Llc U31469 Improper Disposal of Garbage/Trash Guilty- Residential 8/29/11 Molony 70 Ashe St. Llc C/O StefanieCompany Lynn Huffer U45433 STR Failure to List Permit Number N/A 5/6/19 Molony 70 Ashe Street Llc C/O CompanyCobb Dill And Hammett U45425 STR Failure to List Permit Number N/A 5/6/19 Molony 78 Smith St. Llc C/O HarrisonCompany Malpass U45427 STR Failure to List Permit Number Guilty 3/25/19 Molony A Lkyon Art And Antiques U18167 Fail To Follow Putout Practices Guilty 1/22/04 Molony Aaron's Deli Rep Chad WalkesCompany U31773 False Alarms Guilty 9/14/16 Molony Abbott Harriet Caroline U79107 Loud & Unnecessary Noise Guilty 8/23/10 Molony Abdo David W U32943 Improper Disposal of Garbage/Trash Guilty- Residential 8/29/11 Molony Abdo David W U37109 Public Nuisances Prohibited Guilty 2/11/14 Pending Abkairian Sabina U41995 1st Offense - Failing to wear face coveringGuilty or mask.
    [Show full text]
  • The Armenian Genocide
    The Armenian Genocide During World War I, the Ottoman Empire carried out what most international experts and historians have concluded was one of the largest genocides in the world's history, slaughtering huge portions of its minority Armenian population. In all, over 1 million Armenians were put to death. To this day, Turkey denies the genocidal intent of these mass murders. My sense is that Armenians are suffering from what I would call incomplete mourning, and they can't complete that mourning process until their tragedy, their wounds are recognized by the descendants of the people who perpetrated it. People want to know what really happened. We are fed up with all these stories-- denial stories, and propaganda, and so on. Really the new generation want to know what happened 1915. How is it possible for a massacre of such epic proportions to take place? Why did it happen? And why has it remained one of the greatest untold stories of the 20th century? This film is made possible by contributions from John and Judy Bedrosian, the Avenessians Family Foundation, the Lincy Foundation, the Manoogian Simone Foundation, and the following. And others. A complete list is available from PBS. The Armenians. There are between six and seven million alive today, and less than half live in the Republic of Armenia, a small country south of Georgia and north of Iran. The rest live around the world in countries such as the US, Russia, France, Lebanon, and Syria. They're an ancient people who originally came from Anatolia some 2,500 years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Donations to the Library 2000S
    DONATIONS TO THE LIDRARY 277 DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY Michael Andrews (BA 1960) The birth of Europe, 1991; The flight of the condor, 1982; The life that lives on Man, 1977 13 May 1999 - 12 May 2000 Anthony Avis (BA 1949) The Librarian is always delighted to hear from any member of the Gaywood past: some historical notes, 1999; The journey: reflective essays, College considering a gift of books, manuscripts, maps or photographs 1999 to the College Library. Brigadier David Baines Abdus Salam International Centre Documents relating to the army career of Alan Menzies Hiller A. M. Hamende (ed.), Tribute to Abdus Salam (Abdus Salam Memorial (matric. 1913), who was killed in action near Arras in May 1915 meeting, 19-22 Nov. 1997), 1999 D.M. P. Barrere (BA 1966) David Ainscough Georges Bernanos, 'Notes pour ses conferences' (MS), n. d. Chambers' guide to the legal profession 1999-2000, 1999 P. J. Toulet, La jeune fille verte, 1918 Robert Ganzo, Histoire avant Sumer, 1963; L'oeuvre poetique, 1956 Dr Alexander G. A.) Romain Rolland, De Jean Christophe a Colas Breugnon: pages de journal, Automobile Association, Ordnance Survey illustrated atlas of Victorian 1946; La Montespan: drame en trois actes, 1904 and Edwardian Britain, 1991 Ann MacSween and Mick Sharp, Prehistoric Scotland, 1989 Martyn Barrett (BA 1973) Antonio Pardo, The world of ancient Spain, 1976 Martyn Barrett (ed.), The development of language, 1999 Edith Mary Wightrnan, Galla Belgica, 1985 Gerard Nicolini, The ancient Spaniards, 1974 Octavian Basca Herman Ramm, The Parisi, 1978 Ion Purcaru and Octavian Basca, Oameni, idei, fapte din istoria J.
    [Show full text]
  • 'A Reign of Terror'
    ‘A Reign of Terror’ CUP Rule in Diyarbekir Province, 1913-1923 Uğur Ü. Üngör University of Amsterdam, Department of History Master’s thesis ‘Holocaust and Genocide Studies’ June 2005 ‘A Reign of Terror’ CUP Rule in Diyarbekir Province, 1913-1923 Uğur Ü. Üngör University of Amsterdam Department of History Master’s thesis ‘Holocaust and Genocide Studies’ Supervisors: Prof. Johannes Houwink ten Cate, Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Dr. Karel Berkhoff, Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies June 2005 2 Contents Preface 4 Introduction 6 1 ‘Turkey for the Turks’, 1913-1914 10 1.1 Crises in the Ottoman Empire 10 1.2 ‘Nationalization’ of the population 17 1.3 Diyarbekir province before World War I 21 1.4 Social relations between the groups 26 2 Persecution of Christian communities, 1915 33 2.1 Mobilization and war 33 2.2 The ‘reign of terror’ begins 39 2.3 ‘Burn, destroy, kill’ 48 2.4 Center and periphery 63 2.5 Widening and narrowing scopes of persecution 73 3 Deportations of Kurds and settlement of Muslims, 1916-1917 78 3.1 Deportations of Kurds, 1916 81 3.2 Settlement of Muslims, 1917 92 3.3 The aftermath of the war, 1918 95 3.4 The Kemalists take control, 1919-1923 101 4 Conclusion 110 Bibliography 116 Appendix 1: DH.ŞFR 64/39 130 Appendix 2: DH.ŞFR 87/40 132 Appendix 3: DH.ŞFR 86/45 134 Appendix 4: Family tree of Y.A. 136 Maps 138 3 Preface A little less than two decades ago, in my childhood, I became fascinated with violence, whether it was children bullying each other in school, fathers beating up their daughters for sneaking out on a date, or the omnipresent racism that I did not understand at the time.
    [Show full text]
  • Talaat Pasha's Report on the Armenian Genocide.Fm
    Gomidas Institute Studies Series TALAAT PASHA’S REPORT ON THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE by Ara Sarafian Gomidas Institute London This work originally appeared as Talaat Pasha’s Report on the Armenian Genocide, 1917. It has been revised with some changes, including a new title. Published by Taderon Press by arrangement with the Gomidas Institute. © 2011 Ara Sarafian. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-1-903656-66-2 Gomidas Institute 42 Blythe Rd. London W14 0HA United Kingdom Email: [email protected] CONTENTS Introduction by Ara Sarafian 5 Map 18 TALAAT PASHA’S 1917 REPORT Opening Summary Page: Data and Calculations 20 WESTERN PROVINCES (MAP) 22 Constantinople 23 Edirne vilayet 24 Chatalja mutasarriflik 25 Izmit mutasarriflik 26 Hudavendigar (Bursa) vilayet 27 Karesi mutasarriflik 28 Kala-i Sultaniye (Chanakkale) mutasarriflik 29 Eskishehir vilayet 30 Aydin vilayet 31 Kutahya mutasarriflik 32 Afyon Karahisar mutasarriflik 33 Konia vilayet 34 Menteshe mutasarriflik 35 Teke (Antalya) mutasarriflik 36 CENTRAL PROVINCES (MAP) 37 Ankara (Angora) vilayet 38 Bolu mutasarriflik 39 Kastamonu vilayet 40 Janik (Samsun) mutasarriflik 41 Nigde mutasarriflik 42 Kayseri mutasarriflik 43 Adana vilayet 44 Ichil mutasarriflik 45 EASTERN PROVINCES (MAP) 46 Sivas vilayet 47 Erzerum vilayet 48 Bitlis vilayet 49 4 Talaat Pasha’s Report on the Armenian Genocide Van vilayet 50 Trebizond vilayet 51 Mamuretulaziz (Elazig) vilayet 52 SOUTH EASTERN PROVINCES AND RESETTLEMENT ZONE (MAP) 53 Marash mutasarriflik 54 Aleppo (Halep) vilayet 55 Urfa mutasarriflik 56 Diyarbekir vilayet
    [Show full text]
  • In the Lands of the Romanovs: an Annotated Bibliography of First-Hand English-Language Accounts of the Russian Empire
    ANTHONY CROSS In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of The Russian Empire (1613-1917) OpenBook Publishers To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/268 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917) Anthony Cross http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2014 Anthony Cross The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt it and to make commercial use of it providing that attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that he endorses you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Cross, Anthony, In the Land of the Romanovs: An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917), Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/ OBP.0042 Please see the list of illustrations for attribution relating to individual images. Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omissions or errors will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. As for the rights of the images from Wikimedia Commons, please refer to the Wikimedia website (for each image, the link to the relevant page can be found in the list of illustrations).
    [Show full text]
  • The Cost of Memorializing: Analyzing Armenian Genocide Memorials and Commemorations in the Republic of Armenia and in the Diaspora
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR HISTORY, CULTURE AND MODERNITY www.history-culture-modernity.org Published by: Uopen Journals Copyright: © The Author(s). Content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence eISSN: 2213-0624 The Cost of Memorializing: Analyzing Armenian Genocide Memorials and Commemorations in the Republic of Armenia and in the Diaspora Sabrina Papazian HCM 7: 55–86 DOI: 10.18352/hcm.534 Abstract In April of 1965 thousands of Armenians gathered in Yerevan and Los Angeles, demanding global recognition of and remembrance for the Armenian Genocide after fifty years of silence. Since then, over 200 memorials have been built around the world commemorating the vic- tims of the Genocide and have been the centre of hundreds of marches, vigils and commemorative events. This article analyzes the visual forms and semiotic natures of three Armenian Genocide memorials in Armenia, France and the United States and the commemoration prac- tices that surround them to compare and contrast how the Genocide is being memorialized in different Armenian communities. In doing so, this article questions the long-term effects commemorations have on an overall transnational Armenian community. Ultimately, it appears that calls for Armenian Genocide recognition unwittingly categorize the global Armenian community as eternal victims, impeding the develop- ment of both the Republic of Armenia and the Armenian diaspora. Keywords: Armenian Genocide, commemoration, cultural heritage, diaspora, identity, memorials HCM 2019, VOL. 7 Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/202155 12:33:22PM via free access PAPAZIAN Introduction On 24 April 2015, the hundredth anniversary of the commencement of the Armenian Genocide, Armenians around the world collectively mourned for and remembered their ancestors who had lost their lives in the massacres and deportations of 1915.1 These commemorations took place in many forms, including marches, candlelight vigils, ceremo- nial speeches and cultural performances.
    [Show full text]