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TIMELINE of ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 B.C. AUGUSTUS 16 Jan 27 BC AUGUSTUS CAESAR Other title: e.g. Filius Augustorum Aureus 7.8g KEY TO METALLIC COMPOSITION Quinarius Aureus GOLD Gold Aureus 25 silver Denarii Gold Quinarius 12.5 silver Denarii SILVER Silver Denarius 16 copper Asses Silver Quinarius 8 copper Asses DE-BASED SILVER from c. 260 Brass Sestertius 4 copper Asses Brass Dupondius 2 copper Asses ORICHALCUM (BRASS) Copper As 4 copper Quadrantes Brass Semis 2 copper Quadrantes COPPER Copper Quadrans Denarius 3.79g 96-98% fine Quinarius Argenteus 1.73g 92% fine Sestertius 25.5g Dupondius 12.5g As 10.5g Semis Quadrans TIMELINE of ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE B.C. 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 A.D.A.D. denominational relationships relationships based on Aureus Aureus 7.8g 1 Quinarius Aureus 3.89g 2 Denarius 3.79g 25 50 Sestertius 25.4g 100 Dupondius 12.4g 200 As 10.5g 400 Semis 4.59g 800 Quadrans 3.61g 1600 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 19 Aug TIBERIUS TIBERIUS Aureus 7.75g Aureus Quinarius Aureus 3.87g Quinarius Aureus Denarius 3.76g 96-98% fine Denarius Sestertius 27g Sestertius Dupondius 14.5g Dupondius As 10.9g As Semis Quadrans 3.61g Quadrans 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 TIBERIUS CALIGULA CLAUDIUS Aureus 7.75g 7.63g Quinarius Aureus 3.87g 3.85g Denarius 3.76g 96-98% fine 3.75g 98% fine Sestertius 27g 28.7g -
Hadrian and the Greek East
HADRIAN AND THE GREEK EAST: IMPERIAL POLICY AND COMMUNICATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Demetrios Kritsotakis, B.A, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Fritz Graf, Adviser Professor Tom Hawkins ____________________________ Professor Anthony Kaldellis Adviser Greek and Latin Graduate Program Copyright by Demetrios Kritsotakis 2008 ABSTRACT The Roman Emperor Hadrian pursued a policy of unification of the vast Empire. After his accession, he abandoned the expansionist policy of his predecessor Trajan and focused on securing the frontiers of the empire and on maintaining its stability. Of the utmost importance was the further integration and participation in his program of the peoples of the Greek East, especially of the Greek mainland and Asia Minor. Hadrian now invited them to become active members of the empire. By his lengthy travels and benefactions to the people of the region and by the creation of the Panhellenion, Hadrian attempted to create a second center of the Empire. Rome, in the West, was the first center; now a second one, in the East, would draw together the Greek people on both sides of the Aegean Sea. Thus he could accelerate the unification of the empire by focusing on its two most important elements, Romans and Greeks. Hadrian channeled his intentions in a number of ways, including the use of specific iconographical types on the coinage of his reign and religious language and themes in his interactions with the Greeks. In both cases it becomes evident that the Greeks not only understood his messages, but they also reacted in a positive way. -
Kings on Coins: the Appearance of Numa on Augustan Coinage
Kings on Coins: The Appearance of Numa on Augustan Coinage AIMEE TURNER1 iconography, which he began to develop and experiment with in the triumviral period, and continued to utilise into his principate.6 Many In 22 BCE, an as was minted bearing the of the images he employed focus on religious image of Augustus Caesar on the obverse and iconography which promoted Augustus as a 7 Numa Pompilius on the reverse. Discussion of restorer of Roman tradition. In 22 BCE, an this coin in the context of Augustan ideology as was produced that featured the image of has been limited.2 Although one aspect of the Augustus on the obverse and Numa Pompilius, coin’s message relates to the promotion of the second king of Rome, on the reverse. the moneyer’s family, a closer analysis of its Numa was the quasi-legendary second king 8 iconographical and historical context provides of Rome, following Romulus. He is credited important evidence for the early public image with establishing the major religious practices 9 of Augustus, particularly in regard to religion. of the city as well as its first peaceful period. To that end, this paper intends to establish the As one of the earliest coins of the principate, traditional use of kings in Republican coins it offers important evidence for the early and the development of religious iconography public image of Augustus and the direction he in early Augustan coinage. By ascertaining intended to take at that time. His propaganda this framework, the full significance of the as was fluid, changing to meet the demands of the of 22 BCE becomes clearer. -
De Dood Van Peregrinus. Van Inleiding En Aanteekeningen
tmmmmmmmmmmmm'>>'mmÈmmmmÊmmm^mmmmmtm «MMMMMMMMaMMMBMMM TATIS IMPERATORIAE SCRIPTORES _ 6RAECI ET LATiNi S ADNOTATIONIBUS INSTRUCTI CURANTIBUS P. J. ENK ET D, PLOOIi. I LUCIANUS DE DOOD VAN PEREQRIhüS VAN INLEIDINa EN AANTEEKENIN6EN VOORZIEN DOOR D. PLOOSJ EN J. C. KOOPMAN. 4230 ; 1915 mmmmnÊmmmitmiimt» X AETATIS IMPERATORIAE SCRIPTORES GRAECI ET ROMANI ADNOTATIONIBUS INSTRUCTI CURANTIBUS F. J. ENK ET D. PLOOIJ. LUCIANUS, DE DOOD VAN PEREGRINUS VAN INLEIDING EN AANTEEKENINGEN VOORZIEN DOOR D. PLOOIJ EN J. C. KOOPMAN. UTRECHT - G. J. A. RUYS - 1915. Het gebeurt meermalen dat voorstanders der klassieke opleiding zich bij de verdediging hunner overtuiging tegen- over onverschilligen of vijandiggezinden voornamelijk op de schoonheid der antieke literatuur beroepen; er wordt ge- wezen op de letterkundige meesterstukken, die de kennis der oude talen voor den klassieke gevormde toegankeüjk maakt; de tegenstander echter stelt, zoo hij de voordeden eener letterkundige vorming toegeeft, hier tegenover de vraag, of men het nagestreefde doel niet even goed, misschien zelfs nog beter, bereiken kan door de studie der moderne literaturen. Menig kundig beoefenaar der nieuwere philo- logie hoort men in dien geest spreken; en inderdaad, als men het bekende argument der hersen-gymnastiek, die het moeilijke Latijn en Grieksch den beoefenaar biedt, buiten beschouwing laat, dan valt niet in te zien hoe de classicus de vraag van zijn collega anders dan bevestigend kan beantwoorden; maar er is nog een ander doel dat de klassieke opleiding beoogt, zij moet meer zijn dan het lezen van eenige literair-hoogstaande auteurs: ook tot de cultuur-historische vorming van den leerling moet zij bij- dragen. Om dat doel te bereiken dient de docent zich bij zijn onderwijs voortdurend bewust te zijn van het contact, dat er tusschen het geestesleven der Oudheid en dat van onzen tijd bestaat. -
The Roman Empire – Roman Coins Lesson 1
Year 4: The Roman Empire – Roman Coins Lesson 1 Duration 2 hours. Date: Planned by Katrina Gray for Two Temple Place, 2014 Main teaching Activities - Differentiation Plenary LO: To investigate who the Romans were and why they came Activities: Mixed Ability Groups. AFL: Who were the Romans? to Britain Cross curricular links: Geography, Numeracy, History Activity 1: AFL: Why did the Romans want to come to Britain? CT to introduce the topic of the Romans and elicit children’s prior Sort timeline flashcards into chronological order CT to refer back to the idea that one of the main reasons for knowledge: invasion was connected to wealth and money. Explain that Q Who were the Romans? After completion, discuss the events as a whole class to ensure over the next few lessons we shall be focusing on Roman Q What do you know about them already? that the children understand the vocabulary and events described money / coins. Q Where do they originate from? * Option to use CT to show children a map, children to locate Rome and Britain. http://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/kids/preload.htm or RESOURCES Explain that the Romans invaded Britain. http://resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/homework/romans.html Q What does the word ‘invade’ mean? for further information about the key dates and events involved in Websites: the Roman invasion. http://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/kids/preload.htm To understand why they invaded Britain we must examine what http://www.sparklebox.co.uk/topic/past/roman-empire.html was happening in Britain before the invasion. -
The Herodotos Project (OSU-Ugent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography
Faculty of Literature and Philosophy Julie Boeten The Herodotos Project (OSU-UGent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography Barbarians in Strabo’s ‘Geography’ (Abii-Ionians) With a case-study: the Cappadocians Master thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Linguistics and Literature, Greek and Latin. 2015 Promotor: Prof. Dr. Mark Janse UGent Department of Greek Linguistics Co-Promotores: Prof. Brian Joseph Ohio State University Dr. Christopher Brown Ohio State University ACKNOWLEDGMENT In this acknowledgment I would like to thank everybody who has in some way been a part of this master thesis. First and foremost I want to thank my promotor Prof. Janse for giving me the opportunity to write my thesis in the context of the Herodotos Project, and for giving me suggestions and answering my questions. I am also grateful to Prof. Joseph and Dr. Brown, who have given Anke and me the chance to be a part of the Herodotos Project and who have consented into being our co- promotores. On a whole other level I wish to express my thanks to my parents, without whom I would not have been able to study at all. They have also supported me throughout the writing process and have read parts of the draft. Finally, I would also like to thank Kenneth, for being there for me and for correcting some passages of the thesis. Julie Boeten NEDERLANDSE SAMENVATTING Deze scriptie is geschreven in het kader van het Herodotos Project, een onderneming van de Ohio State University in samenwerking met UGent. De doelstelling van het project is het aanleggen van een databank met alle volkeren die gekend waren in de oudheid. -
Wars and Battles of Ancient Rome
Wars and Battles of Ancient Rome Battle summaries are from Harbottle's Dictionary of Battles, published by Swan Sonnenschein & Co., 1904. Rise of Rome—753 to 3911 B.C. The rise of Rome from a small Latin city to the dominant power in Italy Battle of Description Sabines According to legend, a year after the Romans kidnapped their wives from the neighboring Sabines, the (Kingdom) tribes returned to take vengeance. The fighting however, was stopped by the young wives who ran in B.C. 750 between the warring parties and begged that their fathers, brothers and husbands cease making war upon each other. The Sabine and Roman tribes were henceforth united. Alba Longa After a long siege, Alba was finally taken by strategm. With the fall of Alba, its father-city, Rome was (Kingdom) the undisputed leading city of the Latins. The inhabitants of Alba were resettled in Rome on the caelian B.C. 650 Hill. Sublican Lars Porsenna, king of Clusium was marching toward Rome, planning to restore the exiled Tarquins to Bridge the Roman throne. As his army descended on Rome from the opposite side of the Tiber, roman soldiers (Tarquinii) worked furiously to destroy the wooden bridge. Horatius and two other soldiers single-handedly fended B.C. 509 off Porsenna's army until the bridge could be destroyed. Lake Regillus Fought B.C. 497, the first authentic date in the history of Rome. The details handed down, however, (Tarquinii) belong to the domain of legend rather than to that of history. According to the chroniclers, this was the B.C. -
Separating Fact from Fiction in the Aiolian Migration
hesperia yy (2008) SEPARATING FACT Pages399-430 FROM FICTION IN THE AIOLIAN MIGRATION ABSTRACT Iron Age settlementsin the northeastAegean are usuallyattributed to Aioliancolonists who journeyed across the Aegean from mainland Greece. This articlereviews the literary accounts of the migration and presentsthe relevantarchaeological evidence, with a focuson newmaterial from Troy. No onearea played a dominantrole in colonizing Aiolis, nor is sucha widespread colonizationsupported by the archaeologicalrecord. But the aggressive promotionof migrationaccounts after the PersianWars provedmutually beneficialto bothsides of theAegean and justified the composition of the Delian League. Scholarlyassessments of habitation in thenortheast Aegean during the EarlyIron Age are remarkably consistent: most settlements are attributed toAiolian colonists who had journeyed across the Aegean from Thessaly, Boiotia,Akhaia, or a combinationof all three.1There is no uniformityin theancient sources that deal with the migration, although Orestes and his descendantsare named as theleaders in mostaccounts, and are credited withfounding colonies over a broadgeographic area, including Lesbos, Tenedos,the western and southerncoasts of theTroad, and theregion betweenthe bays of Adramyttion and Smyrna(Fig. 1). In otherwords, mainlandGreece has repeatedly been viewed as theagent responsible for 1. TroyIV, pp. 147-148,248-249; appendixgradually developed into a Mountjoy,Holt Parker,Gabe Pizzorno, Berard1959; Cook 1962,pp. 25-29; magisterialstudy that is includedhere Allison Sterrett,John Wallrodt, Mal- 1973,pp. 360-363;Vanschoonwinkel as a companionarticle (Parker 2008). colm Wiener, and the anonymous 1991,pp. 405-421; Tenger 1999, It is our hope that readersinterested in reviewersfor Hesperia. Most of trie pp. 121-126;Boardman 1999, pp. 23- the Aiolian migrationwill read both articlewas writtenin the Burnham 33; Fisher2000, pp. -
Middle Byzantine Numismatics in the Light of Franz Füeg's Corpora Of
This is a repository copy of Middle Byzantine Numismatics in the Light of Franz Füeg’s Corpora of Nomismata. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/124522/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Jarrett, J orcid.org/0000-0002-0433-5233 (2018) Middle Byzantine Numismatics in the Light of Franz Füeg’s Corpora of Nomismata. Numismatic Chronicle, 177. pp. 514-535. ISSN 0078-2696 © 2017 The Author. This is an author produced version of a paper accepted for publication in Numismatic Chronicle. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ REVIEW ARTICLE Middle Byzantine Numismatics in the Light of Franz Füeg’s Corpora of Nomismata* JONATHAN JARRETT FRANZ FÜEG, Corpus of the Nomismata from Anastasius II to John I in Constantinople 713–976: Structure of the Issues; Corpus of Coin Finds; Contribution to the Iconographic and Monetary History, trans. -
The Developmentof Early Imperial Dress from the Tetrachs to The
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. The Development of Early Imperial Dress from the Tetrarchs to the Herakleian Dynasty General Introduction The emperor, as head of state, was the most important and powerful individual in the land; his official portraits and to a lesser extent those of the empress were depicted throughout the realm. His image occurred most frequently on small items issued by government officials such as coins, market weights, seals, imperial standards, medallions displayed beside new consuls, and even on the inkwells of public officials. As a sign of their loyalty, his portrait sometimes appeared on the patches sown on his supporters’ garments, embossed on their shields and armour or even embellishing their jewelry. Among more expensive forms of art, the emperor’s portrait appeared in illuminated manuscripts, mosaics, and wall paintings such as murals and donor portraits. Several types of statues bore his likeness, including those worshiped as part of the imperial cult, examples erected by public 1 officials, and individual or family groupings placed in buildings, gardens and even harbours at the emperor’s personal expense. -
The Imperial Cult and the Individual
THE IMPERIAL CULT AND THE INDIVIDUAL: THE NEGOTIATION OF AUGUSTUS' PRIVATE WORSHIP DURING HIS LIFETIME AT ROME _______________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Department of Ancient Mediterranean Studies at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _____________________________________________________ by CLAIRE McGRAW Dr. Dennis Trout, Dissertation Supervisor MAY 2019 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled THE IMPERIAL CULT AND THE INDIVIDUAL: THE NEGOTIATION OF AUGUSTUS' PRIVATE WORSHIP DURING HIS LIFETIME AT ROME presented by Claire McGraw, a candidate for the degree of doctor of philosophy, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. _______________________________________________ Professor Dennis Trout _______________________________________________ Professor Anatole Mori _______________________________________________ Professor Raymond Marks _______________________________________________ Professor Marcello Mogetta _______________________________________________ Professor Sean Gurd DEDICATION There are many people who deserve to be mentioned here, and I hope I have not forgotten anyone. I must begin with my family, Tom, Michael, Lisa, and Mom. Their love and support throughout this entire process have meant so much to me. I dedicate this project to my Mom especially; I must acknowledge that nearly every good thing I know and good decision I’ve made is because of her. She has (literally and figuratively) pushed me to achieve this dream. Mom has been my rock, my wall to lean upon, every single day. I love you, Mom. Tom, Michael, and Lisa have been the best siblings and sister-in-law. Tom thinks what I do is cool, and that means the world to a little sister. -
Reno Cartwheel February 2021
Page 1 Reno Cartwheel February 2021 Next Meeting: 2020 NA &CT, MA, MD, SC Innovation $1, Bush $1 and 2019S .25 sets here. Tuskegee .25 ordered. MARCH MAYBE??!! F ebruary 19-21, Reno Coin Show, Silver Legacy , Admit: $3, $1 with registration, 10-6 Friday and Saturday, 10-4 on Sunday.(COVID-19 restrictions: first hour maximum of 50 people in the room). Additional hours are $1 when the show is at maximum capacity. PCGS submissions will be accepted. John Ward 559 967-8067 Info www. coinzip.com/Reno-Coin-Show-Silver-Legacy February 23 6:30PM Board Meeting only Dennys, 205, Nugett Ave, Sparks After the Last Cancelled Meeting Reno Coin Show and Board meeting this month. Ordered Tuskegee airmen coin, last S set of all five 2013-2019 quarters in case $5 American the Beautiful .25. Got Kansas butterfly National Park Quarters PDS .50 .25, Bush $1, Hubble $1, and last 2020 Innovation, Native American $1 D P $1.25 Innovation dollar. Call and come by to get any of the new coins if you want. John Ward’s coin New Coins show on, at Silver Legacy February 19-21 Info: The Trump presidential medal with price tripled at 1.5 559 967-8067. Details at CoinZip.com We get a inches for $20 and quadrupled at 3 inch at $160 is back table and will do a raffle. Need help on Friday ordered. I have found a six quarter case to put the S sets 19th. ANA Coin Week April 18-24 Money, Big together for the 2020 and 2021 quarters.