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Irrigation Control Based on Humidity

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Irrigation Control Based on Humidity IRRIGATION CONTROL BASED ON HUMIDITY MINI PROJECT REPORT submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING of MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY by SHARON FRANCIS(12012989) Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology Rajagiri Valley, Kakkanad, Kochi, 682039 2013 Rajagiri Valley, Cochin - 682 039 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING CERTIFICATE Certified that the mini project work titled "IRRIGATION CONTROL BASED ON HUMIDITY" is a bonafide report of the mini project done by SHARON FRANCIS (Uni. Reg. No:12012989) of sixth semester Electronics and Communication Engineering in partial fulfillment of the require- ment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication of the Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, dur- ing the academic year 2014-2015 Project Guide Head of The Department Internal Examiner External Examiner Place: Kakkanad Date : i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful to the almighty God for his blessings and for helping us complete this project successfully. We would like to thank Rev. Dr Antony Kariyil CMI, Director, RSET, Kakkanad and Dr A.Unnikrishnan, Principal for providing us all the necessary facilities including a very well furnished lab.We would also like to thank Mr. Jaison Jacob, HOD, Department of Electronics and Communication for his constant and sincere efforts to help us bring out the best that we could.We are also grateful to our guide Ms.Maleeha Abdul Azeez, Asst. Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication for her valuable and most helpful guidance all through the course of the project. This acknowledgement would be incomplete without thanking Mr.Sreekumar G., Mr. K Ramavarma, Mr. Abhishek Viswaku- mar, Asst. Professors, Department of Electronics and Communica- tion, RSET, Kakkanad for their constant encouragement and sup- port throughout the course of this project. We also thank other teaching and non teaching staff of Department of Electronics and Communication for helping us in some way or the other. Last but not the least we thank all our classmates in S6 ECE for helping us a lot with their valuable suggestions and for their whole hearted support. ii ABSTRACT The purpose of this document is to help you build an automated irrigation system which is controlled based on humidity. When hu- midity falls below a desired level, the motor is switched on and the soil is watered. The system can also be controlled manually by sending an SMS(Short Message Service) to a given number. Start- ing with an overview of the project, this document provides a block diagram representing the different parts of the project, detailed de- scription of the hardware, the program, the circuit diagram and the PCB layout used. iii Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii ABSTRACT iii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Objective . 1 1.2 Project Definition . 1 1.3 Working Methodology . 2 2 System Overview 3 2.1 Block Diagram . 3 2.2 Block Diagram Explanation . 4 2.2.1 PIC Microcontroller . 4 2.2.2 GSM Module . 4 2.2.3 DC Motor . 4 2.2.4 LCD Display . 4 2.2.5 Regulated power supply . 5 3 Hardware Implementation 6 3.1 Circuit Diagram . 6 3.1.1 Power Supply circuit . 6 3.1.2 Circuit Diagram . 7 3.2 Components Description . 8 3.2.1 PIC16F877A . 8 3.2.2 IC7805 . 8 3.2.3 DC MOTOR . 8 3.2.4 L293D . 9 3.2.5 LCD DISPLAY . 9 3.2.6 GSM MODULE . 10 3.2.7 MAX232 . 10 3.3 Circuit Operation . 10 iv 4 Software Implementation 12 4.1 Program . 12 4.2 Software Tools . 21 4.2.1 Proteus . 21 4.2.2 MPLAB . 21 4.2.3 DIPTRACE . 22 5 PCB Design 23 5.1 PCB Technology . 23 5.2 PCB Layout . 25 5.2.1 Top Layer . 25 5.2.2 Bottom Layer . 26 6 Implementation and Circuit Testing 27 7 Applications 28 8 Conclusion 29 v List of Figures 2.1 Block Diagram . 3 3.1 Power Supply Circuit Diagram . 6 3.2 Complete circuit Diagram . 7 5.1 Top Layer . 25 5.2 Bottom Layer . 26 vi 1 Introduction 1.1 Objective Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Irrigation has been a central feature of agriculture for over 5000 years and the result of work of many cultures. Water shortage is becoming one of the biggest problems in the world. Many different methods are developed for the conservation of water. Water is a basic necessity for all living beings. Agriculture is one of the fields where water is required in tremen- dous quantities. But it also results in excess usage of water. Auto- matic irrigation systems are programmed to discharge precise amounts of water in targeted area, which promotes water conservation. Thus the objective of this project is to design a low cost, efficient, small scale irrigation system too prevent water loss and minimize the cost of labour. 1.2 Project Definition In this system water content in the soil is continuously measured and is displayed to the customer through a LCD display. When the moisture content is less than the reference value the system auto- matically turns the motor on. The motor when turned on sprinkles water from a water tank to the soil. When the moisture content reaches the reference level, the motor is switched off. Along with this, the system can be operated manually when an SMS in a speci- 1 fied syntax is sent to a number.The logic is produced by the program written in Embedded C language using the software MPLAB. The program written is then converted in HEX code after simulation and burned on to PIC microcontroller. 1.3 Working Methodology The project consist of a main control unit which is the microcon- troller. Moisture detector system is made by using two iron nails kept in the soil, where the moisture content is to be measured. The detector is also connected to the microcontroller. It detects the voltage variation which determines the moisture content in the soil. This variation is given to the Analog-to-Digital converter of the PIC controller. The digital output decides the working of the motor. The PIC controller is programmed to run the motor when the moisture content falls below a reference value. When the moisture content reaches that particular value, the motor is turned off. The LCD displays the instantaneous value of soil moisture content and the status of the pump. The system also consists of a GSM module which allows manual operation of the device. The PIC controller is programmed to anal- yse the SMS received by the GSM module and based on this, the motor is operated. 2 2 System Overview 2.1 Block Diagram Figure 2.1: Block Diagram 3 2.2 Block Diagram Explanation 2.2.1 PIC Microcontroller The PIC microcontroller is the heart of the system. It is used to interface different devices used in the circuit and is responsible for controlling and co-ordinating all the activities and functions. PIC is a family of modified Harvard architecture microcontrollers. It is made by Microchip Technology, derived from the PIC1650 origi- nally developed by General Instrument's Microelectronics Division. The name PIC initially referred to "Peripheral Interface Controller". PIC 16f877A is used in our circuit. 2.2.2 GSM Module A GSM module can be interfaced to the serial port of the microcon- troller to send and receive message or to make a call . It is a spe- cialized type of modem that accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM module looks just like a mobile phone. The GSM module used is SIMCOM 300 which uses SIM memory to store the number of system owner or housemates and distributor or to whoever the messages have to be forwarded. 2.2.3 DC Motor A DC motor is used here for the mechanical operation of the pump. A DC motor in simple words is a device that converts direct current (electrical energy) into mechanical energy. Thus rotating the motor for a given value of moisture content, according to the output from the PIC microcontroller, turns the pump ON. A driver IC has to be used in order to provide the necessary current to the motor. 2.2.4 LCD Display As the system performs controlling and monitoring operations, it is primary requirement to put a display in the system which shows various message such as status of the pump, moisture content in the soil and also displays the actions taken by microcontroller. Liq- uid Crystal Display (LCD) of 16X2 characters operating on +5Volt supply and operated in 4-bit mode is implemented for the task of dis- playing required messages .Interfacing with PIC16F877A and short code of programming makes it very useful to make system more user friendly. 4 2.2.5 Regulated power supply A regulated power supply is one that controls the output voltage or current to a specific value; the controlled value is held nearly constant despite variations in either load current or the voltage sup- plied by the power supply's energy source. A 7805 IC is used to get regulated power supply. 5 3 Hardware Implementation 3.1 Circuit Diagram 3.1.1 Power Supply circuit Figure 3.1: Power Supply Circuit Diagram 6 3.1.2 Circuit Diagram Figure 3.2: Complete circuit Diagram 7 3.2 Components Description 3.2.1 PIC16F877A The PIC16F877A is a RISC microcontroller.
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