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Chapter 10 Operating Systems

1. Which is the first computer ? Answer: Analytical Engine 2.Who is considered as father of computer ? Answer : Charles Babbege 3.First computer used programming to work ? Answer: ENIAC Lab 10.1 (Different uses of Computers) Step 1. Complete the following table Activity on the computer Software to be used Process text Abi word , Open Office writer Edit Images Gimp , gThumb, Image magick Edit Sound Audacity, SM player, VLC media player Create Animation Synfig Studio, Tupi 2D Magic Handle Databases Liber office base, open office Database

4. What is an ? Answer: An operating system is a collection of system software that manages computer hardware and software. 5. Give Examples for operating system. Answer: GNU/, WINDOWS, , BSD, MAC,DOS, 6. Unix operating system written by ? Answer: Dennis Ritchie, & Ken Thompson 7. what is menu in operating system ? Answer: The mechanism of an operating system to co-ordinate different applications is called menu. 8. What is a driver? Answer: Driver is a software which helps us to work an external instrument with our computer. If we connect a printer to the computer, simply it will not work. We have to install driver of this printer in the computer. 9. What is formatting ? Answer: In order to know where the files are stored, the hard disk has to be divided into blocks, and these blocks also have to be given addresses. This process is called formatting. 10. What is a file system ? Answer: The manner in which each operating system formats the hard disk is known as its file system. 11. Name some important file system Answer: GNU/Linux --Ext3, Ext4 --Fat 32, NTFS Apple Mac OSX --HPFS, HPFS+ 12. What is hard disk partitioning? Answer: When you want to install different operating systems in one computer, you will have to create different kinds of file systems too. In those situations, you have to divide the hard disk into different parts. Dividing the hard disk into different parts is called partitioning. LAB10.2 (Description of Disk partition ) Step1: Application >>Accessories >>Disks Step2: Write partition description in the following table partition Address File system Partition Size System Partition 1 NTFS 1367MB Requirement File System Partition 2 NTFS 109 GB Extended Partition Partition 3 NTFS 891GB Swap Partition 4 NTFS 4.2GB

13. Name the partitions don in GNU/LINUX ? Answer: 1. Root (/) : for storing the programs of the operating system 2. Home (/home) - for storing the files created by the user 3. Swap - fast file system for temporary storage 14. What are the benefits of registering as a user in a computer? Answer: • We have stated that the place in the hard disk where the files of the users are stored is called Home. When a user is registered, a folder is created in Home for this user.

• The operating system creates a Desktop for each user in the home folder of the user. Each user can configure the appearance of the computer as (s)he likes. • Each user is able to keep his/her files separately from that of others.

• Users can protect their files, configurations and other data using a password. LAB10.3 (User creation ) Step1: Applications >> System Tools >>Administration >>Users and Groups/User Accounts. Step2: Click the Add button in the window and create a new user. Step3: Log out from the computer and login as the new user.

15. What is the general structure of an operating system ? Answer: An operating system will have two parts in practice. One is the kernel which interacts with the hardware directly or through drivers. And the other consists of Shell and Systems to display software windows (Graphical User Interface – GUI). 16. What is a kernel in Operating system ? Answer: The kernel is a computer program that is the core of a computer's operating system with complete control over everything in the system 17. Give examples for operating system Operating System Kernel program GNU/Linux Linux Microsoft Windows Windows NT Apple Mac OSX XNU

18. What is GNU means ? Answer: GNU stands for GNU is not Unix. As per the demand from Richard Mathew Stallman the computer programmers all over the world write a Unix like operating system but without copying the codes of Unix. 19. Distinguish between and . Answer: Proprietary software is computer software for which the software's publisher or another person retains copyright of the . Only object code is distributed to customers. Free software or libre software is computer software distributed under terms that allow users to run the software for any purpose as well as to study, change, and distribute it. In free software source code provided. 20. What is a software ? Answer: A software is a collection of programmes 21 What is the difference between source code and object code? Answer: Program instructions in the written form is called source code. Whereas converted source code that can be handled by the computer is called object code. 22. Name some famous operating systems used other than in computers Operating System Company that brings it Basic program Android Google Linux iOS Apple Corp. Inc. Unix Windows 10 Mobile Microsoft Microsoft Windows Tizon Linux Foundation Linux Blackberry 10 Blackberry Ltd. QNX