The Official Ubuntu Book, 7Th Edition.Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Official Ubuntu Book, 7Th Edition.Pdf ptg8126969 Praise for Previous Editions of The Official Ubuntu Book “The Official Ubuntu Book is a great way to get you started with Ubuntu, giving you enough information to be productive without overloading you.” —John Stevenson, DZone book reviewer “OUB is one of the best books I’ve seen for beginners.” —Bill Blinn, TechByter Worldwide “This book is the perfect companion for users new to Linux and Ubuntu. It covers the basics in a concise and well-organized manner. General use is covered separately from troubleshooting and error-handling, making the book well-suited both for the beginner as well as the user that needs extended help.” —Thomas Petrucha, Austria Ubuntu User Group “I have recommended this book to several users who I instruct regularly on ptg8126969 the use of Ubuntu. All of them have been satisfied with their purchase and have even been able to use it to help them in their journey along the way.” —Chris Crisafulli, Ubuntu LoCo Council, Florida Local Community Team “This text demystifies a very powerful Linux operating system . In just a few weeks of having it, I’ve used it as a quick reference a half-dozen times, which saved me the time I would have spent scouring the Ubuntu forums online.” —Darren Frey, Member, Houston Local User Group This page intentionally left blank ptg8126969 The Official Ubuntu Book Seventh Edition ptg8126969 This page intentionally left blank ptg8126969 The Official Ubuntu Book Seventh Edition Matthew Helmke Amber Graner With Kyle Rankin, Benjamin Mako Hill, ptg8126969 and Jono Bacon Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests. For more information, please contact: U.S. Corporate and Government Sales (800) 382-3419 [email protected] For sales outside the United States please contact: International Sales [email protected] Visit us on the Web: informit.com/ph ptg8126969 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Helmke, Matthew. The official Ubuntu book / Matthew Helmke, Amber Graner. — 7th ed. p. cm. Previous editions by Benjamin Mako Hill and others. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-13-301760-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Ubuntu (Electronic resource) 2. Operating systems (Computers) I. Graner, Amber. II. Title. QA76.76.774.U28H45 2013 005.4'32—dc23 2012016037 Copyright © 2012 Canonical, Ltd. This book is published under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise, unless permitted under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license 3.0. To obtain permission to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to (201) 236-3290. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-301760-1 ISBN-10: 0-13-301760-5 Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at RR Donnelley in Crawfordsville, Indiana. First printing, June 2012 This book is dedicated to the Ubuntu community. Without your tireless hard work and commitment, none of this would be possible. ptg8126969 This page intentionally left blank ptg8126969 Contents at a Glance Foreword to the Sixth Edition xix Foreword to the First Edition xxi Preface xxvii Acknowledgments xxxi About the Authors xxxiii Introduction xxxv Chapter 1: The Ubuntu Story 1 Chapter 2: Installing Ubuntu 33 ptg8126969 Chapter 3: Getting Started with Ubuntu 61 Chapter 4: Becoming an Ubuntu Power User 105 Chapter 5: Finding and Installing Ubuntu Applications 123 Chapter 6: Customizing Ubuntu for Performance, Accessibility, and Fun 163 Chapter 7: Welcome to the Command Line 183 Chapter 8: The Ubuntu Server 199 Chapter 9: Ubuntu-Related Projects and Derivatives 241 Chapter 10: The Ubuntu Community 275 Index 313 ix This page intentionally left blank ptg8126969 Contents Foreword to the Sixth Edition xix Foreword to the First Edition xxi Preface xxvii Acknowledgments xxxi About the Authors xxxiii Introduction xxxv About This Book xxxv The Scope of the Book xxxvi ptg8126969 The Menu xxxvi CHAPTER 1 The Ubuntu Story 1 The Vision 2 Free Software, Open Source, and GNU/Linux 3 Free Software and GNU 4 Linux 5 Open Source 6 How the Vision Became Ubuntu 7 Mark Shuttleworth 7 The Warthogs 9 What Does Ubuntu Mean? 10 Beyond the Vision 11 What Is Ubuntu? 12 What Is a Distribution? 13 An Ecosystem of Distributions 14 The Debian Project and the Free Software Universe 16 The Ubuntu Community 17 xi xii Contents Ubuntu Promises and Goals 17 Philosophical Goals 17 Conduct Goals and Code of Conduct 20 Technical Goals 22 Bug #1 24 Sustaining the Vision: Canonical and the Ubuntu Foundation 25 Canonical, Ltd. 25 Canonical’s Service and Support 26 Bazaar and Launchpad 28 The Ubuntu Foundation 29 Beyond the Vision: Ubuntu Subprojects, Derivatives, and Spin-Offs 30 Summary 32 CHAPTER 2 Installing Ubuntu 33 Choosing Your Ubuntu Version 34 Other Ubuntu Distributions 35 Is It Still Ubuntu? 36 Getting Ubuntu 36 ptg8126969 Burning a CD 37 Creating a Bootable USB Stick 39 Booting and Installing 40 Migration 41 Language 42 Preparing to Install Ubuntu 43 Allocate Drive Space 43 Installation Begins 48 Configuring Your Keyboard 49 Identification 50 Finishing Up 52 Installing from the Alternate Install CD 53 Choosing Your Spot in the World 53 Hardware 54 Setting the Hostname and Time Zone 54 Creating Partitions 54 Configuring a User 57 Finishing Up 59 Installing from within Windows 59 Summary 59 Contents xiii CHAPTER 3 Getting Started with Ubuntu 61 Getting Acquainted with Unity 63 Finding and Running Applications with the Launcher 64 Other Icons in the Launcher 66 Using Applications 67 Managing Files and Folders 67 Adding Additional Users 70 The Notification Area 71 Using Applications 74 Browsing the Web with Firefox 75 Creating Documents with LibreOffice 78 Connecting with Empathy and Gwibber and the Indicator Applet 81 Ubuntu One 81 Managing Your E-Mail with Thunderbird 81 Using Ubuntu in Your Language 84 Configuring a Printer 84 Gathering Information 86 Launching the Wizard 86 Mission Accomplished! 87 ptg8126969 Remote Printing 87 Keeping Your Computer Updated 88 Using Ubuntu Software Center 89 Adding and Removing Programs and Packages 90 Installing Updates 91 Learning about What Was Updated 92 Installing an Application That Is Not in the Repositories 92 Upgrading to the Next Ubuntu Release 93 Doing the Actual Upgrade 94 Ubuntu and Multimedia 95 Installing Codecs 95 Listening to Audio Files 97 Playing and Ripping CDs 99 Buying Music 99 Interacting with Photos 99 Watching Videos 99 Backing Up 102 Customizing Ubuntu’s Look and Feel 104 Summary 104 xiv Contents CHAPTER 4 Becoming an Ubuntu Power User 105 Administering System and User Settings 106 User Settings 108 Privacy Settings 108 Ubuntu One 108 Default Settings 110 Understanding How Linux Stores and Organizes Files 111 Using Windows Files on Another Partition 113 Learning Unity Keyboard Shortcuts 115 Dash 115 Switching 116 Windows 116 Workspaces 116 Other 116 Using the Terminal 118 Working with Windows Programs 119 Running Applications 120 Installing Software from PPAs 120 Compiling Software from Source 121 Summary 122 ptg8126969 CHAPTER 5 Finding and Installing Ubuntu Applications 123 Using Ubuntu Software Center 124 Ubuntu Software Center Account 124 Recommendations 125 Sorting 126 Searching 127 Learning More about a Package and Installing It 128 No-Cost Software 129 Software for Purchase 130 Learning Terminology and Foundations 131 Using Synaptic 132 Installing a Package 133 Removing a Package 133 Finding That Package 134 Useful Software Packages to Explore 135 Creating Graphics with GIMP and Inkscape 135 Desktop Publishing with Scribus 146 Creating Music with Jokosher 151 Contents xv Playing to Learn with Educational Programs 154 Kalzium 154 Kanagram 156 KBruch 156 KHangman 156 Kig 157 KmPlot 158 Stellarium 158 KTouch 159 KTurtle 159 Marble 159 Parley 160 Step 160 Blinken 161 Others Not on the Education Menu 161 Summary 161 CHAPTER 6 Customizing Ubuntu for Performance, Accessibility, and Fun 163 Unity Terminology 164 ptg8126969 Appearance Tool 169 MyUnity 171 Compiz Config Settings Manager 174 Unity Lenses and Scopes 181 Additional Resources 181 Summary 182 CHAPTER 7 Welcome to the Command
Recommended publications
  • Web Vmstat Any Distros, Especially Here’S Where Web Vmstat Comes Those Targeted at In
    FOSSPICKS Sparkling gems and new releases from the world of FOSSpicks Free and Open Source Software Mike Saunders has spent a decade mining the internet for free software treasures. Here’s the result of his latest haul… Shiny statistics in a browser Web VMStat any distros, especially Here’s where Web VMStat comes those targeted at in. It’s a system monitor that runs Madvanced users, ship an HTTP server, so you can connect with shiny system monitoring tools to it via a web browser and see on the desktop. Conky is one such fancy CSS-driven charts. Before you tool, while GKrellM was all the rage install it, you’ll need to get the in the last decade, and they are websocketd utility, which you can genuinely useful for keeping tabs find at https://github.com/ on your boxes, especially when joewalnes/websocketd. Helpfully, you’re an admin in charge of the developer has made pre- various servers. compiled executables available, so Now, pretty much all major you can just grab the 32-bit or distros include a useful command 64-bit tarball, extract it and there line tool for monitoring system you have it: websocketd. (Of course, Here’s the standard output for vmstat – not very interesting, right? resource usage: vmstat. Enter if you’re especially security vmstat 1 in a terminal window and conscious, you can compile it from copy the aforementioned you’ll see a regularly updating (once its source code.) websocketd into the same place. per second) bunch of statistics, Next, clone the Web VMStat Git Then just enter: showing CPU usage, free RAM, repository (or grab the Zip file and ./run swap usage and so forth.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gnome Bazaar How Gnome Gets Built and How We Can Improve
    the gnome bazaar how gnome gets built and how we can improve daniel g. siegel 1. some serious stuff about my thesis 2. awesome gnome stuff how do foss projects work, which structures do they have and which workflows have they established. to accomplish this, several foss will be analyzed in order to identify concertedly models. in addition they will be compared to traditional software engineering models in order to see whether they are similar or oppose differences. good selection of projects with which the analysis is able to produce reliable and reasonable results • popularity • community • age ◦ communication • category ◦ number of developers • activity ◦ conferences ◦ releases ◦ foundations ◦ downloads ◦ ongoing projects ◦ commits project origin category Debian 1993 operating system Drupal 2001 content management system Fedora 2002 operating system GNOME 1997 desktop environment KDE 1996 desktop environment MySQL/MariaDB 1997 database management system PHP 1994 interpreted programming language Plone 1999 content management system PostgreSQL 1986 database management system Python 1989 interpreted programming language results 1 • history & origin 2 • community structure 3 • release process 4 • development model "[...] rather, the community seemed to resemble a great babbling bazaar of differing agendas and approaches" eric s. raymond what? comparison 1 • history & origin 2 • community structure 3 • release process 4 • development model history & origin • diverse origin • small group of founders • big burst of growth after first release • more big bursts before big releases community structure • very hierarchical • lead by leader or team • differences in hierachical structure • though easy to step up the ladder community structure: remarks • missing visionary • role of rt • unfruitful discussions release process • mostly fixed release cycles • lead by release manager/team • similar phases in all projects release process: remarks • cycle often too long for small projects • api/abi compatibility • jhbuild etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Ubuntu Server for IBM Z and Linuxone
    Ubuntu Server for IBM Z and LinuxONE What’s New - June 2021 Frank Heimes, Tech. Lead Z, Canonical Ltd. Ubuntu on Big Iron: ubuntu-on-big-iron.blogspot.com Ubuntu Server for IBM Z and LinuxONE (s390x) Mission and Philosophy - In a nutshell Freedom to download Ubuntu - study, use, share, (re-)distribute, contribute, improve and innovate it! Mapped to Ubuntu Server for IBM Z and LinuxONE (s390x) - the goal is: ● to expand Ubuntu’s ease of use to the s390x architecture (IBM Z and LinuxONE) ● unlock new workloads, especially in the Open Source, Cloud and container space ● to tap into new client segments ● quickly exploit new features and components - in two ways: ○ promptly supporting new hardware ○ releases built and based on the latest kernels, tool-chain and optimized libraries ● provide parity across architectures, in terms of release and feature parity and closing gaps ● provide a uniform user experience and look-and-feel ● be part of the collective world-wide Open Source power in action ● deal with upstream work and code only - no forks ● offer a radically new subscription pricing with drawer-based pricing, or alternatively provide entry-level pricing based on up to 4 IFLs Release Cadence - Ubuntu https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ubuntu_releases 16.04 16.10 17.04 17.10 18.04 18.10 19.04 19.10 20.04 20.10 21.04 20.10 in development Ubuntu 20.04 LTS end-of-life 19.10 in service with s390x support 19.04 upgrade path 18.10 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 5 years ESM 17.10 17.04 18 months 16.10 5 years Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 5 years ESM Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) ● The codename for the current LTS (Long Term Support) release 18.04 is 'Bionic Beaver' or in short 'Bionic': https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/bionic ● Bionic Release Schedule: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseSchedule Release date: April, 26th 2018 ● Updated major components: ○ Kernel 4.15 (linux-generic) + HWE kernels ○ docker.io 17.12.1 → 18.09.5 ○ Qemu-KVM 2.11.x / Libvirt (libvirt-bin) 4.0.0 ○ Open vSwitch 2.9 → 2.9.2 ○ LXD 3.0.0 (incl.
    [Show full text]
  • SFLC V Conservancy
    Trademark Trial and Appeal Board Electronic Filing System. http://estta.uspto.gov ESTTA Tracking number: ESTTA863914 Filing date: 12/11/2017 IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE BEFORE THE TRADEMARK TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD Proceeding 92066968 Party Defendant Software Freedom Conservancy Correspondence PAMELA S CHESTECK Address CHESTEK LEGAL P O BOX 2492 RALEIGH, NC 27602 UNITED STATES Email: [email protected] Submission Motion for Summary Judgment Yes, the Filer previously made its initial disclosures pursuant to Trademark Rule 2.120(a); OR the motion for summary judgment is based on claim or issue pre- clusion, or lack of jurisdiction. The deadline for pretrial disclosures for the first testimony period as originally set or reset: 07/20/2018 Filer's Name Pamela S Chestek Filer's email [email protected] Signature /Pamela S Chestek/ Date 12/11/2017 Attachments Motion for SJ on affirmative defenses-signed.pdf(756280 bytes ) Kuhn-Declara- tion_summary-judgment_as-submitted_reduced-size-signed.pdf(2181238 bytes ) Sandler-declara- tion_summary-judgment_as-submitted-reduced-size-signed.pdf(1777273 bytes ) Chestek declaration_summary-judgment-signed-with-exhibits.pdf(2003142 bytes ) IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE BEFORE THE TRADEMARK TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD In the Mater of Registraion No. 4212971 Mark: SOFTWARE FREEDOM CONSERVANCY Registraion date: September 25, 2012 Sotware Freedom Law Center Peiioner, v. Cancellaion No. 92066968 Sotware Freedom Conservancy Registrant. RESPONDENT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ON ITS AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES Introducion The Peiioner, Sotware Freedom Law Center (“SFLC”), is a provider of legal services. It had the idea to create an independent enity that would ofer inancial and administraive services for free and open source sotware projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating Rpms Guide
    CREATING RPMS (Student version) v1.0 Featuring 36 pages of lecture and a 48 page lab exercise This docu m e n t serves two purpose s: 1. Representative sample to allow evaluation of our courseware manuals 2. Make available high quality RPM documentation to Linux administrators A bout this m aterial : The blue background you see simulates the custom paper that all Guru Labs course w are is printed on. This student version does not contain the instructor notes and teaching tips present in the instructor version. For more information on all the features of our unique layout, see: http://ww w . g urulabs.co m /courseware/course w are_layout.php For more freely available Guru Labs content (and the latest version of this file), see: http://www.gurulabs.co m/goodies/ This sample validated on: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 & Fedora Core v3 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9 & SUSE Linux Professional 9.2 About Guru Labs: Guru Labs is a Linux training company started in 199 9 by Linux experts to produce the best Linux training and course w are available. For a complete list, visit our website at: http://www.gurulabs.co m/ This work is copyrighted Guru Labs, L.C. 2005 and is licensed under the Creative Common s Attribution- NonCom mer cial- NoDerivs License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecom m o n s.org/licenses/by- nc- nd/2.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 943 0 5, USA. Guru Labs 801 N 500 W Ste 202 Bountiful, UT 84010 Ph: 801-298-5227 WWW.GURULABS.COM Objectives: • Understand
    [Show full text]
  • Getestete Versionen Wine Debian Und Dessen Derivate (Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Xubuntu, Knoppix, Etc) Redhat, Fedora, Centos Opensuse Mandr
    Wie kann die MSR-Software unter Linux verwendet FAQ werden ? MSR Electronics GmbH Getestete Versionen Gentoo Linux 2.6.34 64-Bit Wine 1.3.3 MSR PC-Software V5.10.18 → VERSION Wine Für den Betrieb der MSR PC-Software unter Linux ist die Software Wine1 erforderlich. Diese muss zuerst installiert werden. Für die verschiedenen Linux Distributionen wird dies mittels ver­ schiedener Kommandos getan. Debian und dessen Derivate (Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Xubuntu, Knoppix, etc) Entweder die offiziellen Pakete der Distribution verwenden (oft veraltet): $ sudo apt-get install wine Oder die neusten Pakete der Wine Maintainer verwenden (empfohlen): $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa $ sudo apt-get updates $ sudo apt-get install wine1.3 RedHat, Fedora, CentOS Wine sollte sich in den offiziellen Quellen befinden. $ sudo yum install wine die Option --enablerepo=updates-testing erzwingt die neuste Version aus dem testing Repository: openSUSE Mittels YaST2 oder yum (siehe RedHat). Eventuell lohnt es sich auch, die neuste Version vom openSUSE Build Server herunterzuladen respektive diesen einzubinden, siehe dazu auch die entsprechende Webseite2. Mandriva Offizielle Version: $ su $ urpmi wine oder neuste Version von der Sourceforge Seite3. Gentoo $ emerge wine 1 Wine Is Not an Emulator: ist eine Windows-kompatible Laufzeitumgebung für POSIX-kompatible Betriebssyste­ me. Mit Wine ist es möglich, viele Programme, die für die Microsoft-Windows-Betriebssysteme kompiliert wur­ den, auch unter Unix mit dem X Window System laufen zu lassen. 2 http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/Emulators:/Wine/ 3 http://sourceforge.net/projects/wine/files/Mandriva Packages/ Version 0.9 Draft 1/5 Wie kann die MSR-Software unter Linux verwendet FAQ werden ? MSR Electronics GmbH Eventuell funktionieren oben genannte Kommandos nicht unter allen Versionen der entspre­ chenden Distributionen.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hot Seat Dear Linux Magazine Reader
    EDITORIAL Welcome THE HOT SEAT Dear Linux Magazine Reader, What’s the top distro on the famous Distrowatch page hit rank- They are staying pretty close to the script that everyone ing list? Not Ubuntu, OpenSUSE, or Fedora. According to Dis- guessed they were in since the beginning. To recap those early trowatch, the hottest Linux is none other than Linux Mint – an assessments: When Ubuntu showed up as a value-added desk- Ubuntu-based, community-driven desktop system that is top operating system back in 2004 – quickly putting a fork in known for easy of use and efficient out-of-the-box multimedia Xandros and Lindows/ Linspire because it was free rather sell- functionality. Mint has been around since 2006, and many ing for the $30-$40 going rate of the fledgling commercial desk- Linux users are familiar with it. We’ve put Mint discs on several top distros – industry experts guessed the real goal was to issues of this magazine (the latest being the issue that you are build a large market share and establish brand loyalty, then holding now). But Mint has found new appreciation recently. move into the server and corporate IT space, where they could Some are calling it the new Ubuntu, which seems a little bit of make some real money with tech support and other surround- an overstatement, since Mint is based on Ubuntu (kind of like ing services. calling CentOS “the new Red Hat”). Nevertheless, Mint has The first part of their plan went really well – it is hard to imag- been on something of a roll recently.
    [Show full text]
  • The Next Big OS War Is in Your Dashboard
    12/4/12 The Next Big OS War Is in Your Dashboard | Autopia | Wired.com Autopia Planes, Trains, Automobiles and the Future of Transportation Infotainment LTikwe ee1t54 297 25 Sharre 39 The Next Big OS War Is in Your Dashboard By Doug Newcomb 12.03.12 6:30 AM Follow @dougnew comb Photo: Jim Merithew/Wired Competition in automotive technology has long been about who’s got the most horsepower, the best towing capacity or the fastest acceleration. These days, though, it’s all about having the slickest infotainment systems and most-connected cars. The shift in focus from what’s under the hood to what’s behind the dashboard has brought a largely covert war to the auto industry over the operating systems that will control these gadgets. As in the smartphone biz, the battle line is between proprietary and open source software. The outcome will determine what these systems look like, how they work and how distinctive they are as automakers embrace walled gardens or open ecosystems. It would be difficult to overstate the importance of getting this right. The amount of software in the average vehicle has grown exponentially — a typical new car has about 100 million lines of code — with the advent of sophisticated, cloud-connected infotainment systems. Software has become a competitive advantage as vital to General Motors or Toyota as it is to Apple or Google. The trouble is, automotive development cycles are measured in years, while the consumer www.wired.com/autopia/2012/12/automotiv e-os-war/all/ 1/11 The Next Big OS War Is in Your Dashboard | Autopia | Wired.com electronics industry works in months.
    [Show full text]
  • V2.0.0-Beta.1
    Liquidprompt Mark Vander Stel Dec 09, 2020 CONTENTS: 1 Installation 3 1.1 Packages.................................................3 1.2 Download.................................................5 1.3 Dependencies...............................................5 1.4 Test Drive.................................................6 1.5 Shell Installation.............................................6 2 Config Options 7 2.1 General..................................................8 2.2 Features..................................................8 2.3 Thresholds................................................ 12 2.4 Marks................................................... 12 2.5 Colors.................................................. 14 3 Theming 19 3.1 Default Theme.............................................. 19 3.2 Included Themes............................................. 22 3.3 Custom Themes............................................. 28 3.4 Switching Themes............................................ 30 4 Functions 31 4.1 Public Functions............................................. 31 4.2 Data Functions.............................................. 33 4.3 Default Theme Functions........................................ 46 4.4 Utility Functions............................................. 49 4.5 Internal Functions............................................ 50 5 Release Notes 55 5.1 Version 2.0 Release Notes........................................ 55 5.2 Version 1.12 Release Notes....................................... 57 6 Upgrading Liquidprompt
    [Show full text]
  • How to Install Adobe Reader .Bin Download from Adobe [Duplicate]
    Ubuntu Community Ask! Developer Design Discourse Hardware Shop More › sign up log in tour help Questions Tags Tour Users Ask Question search Ask Ubuntu is a question and answer site for Ubuntu users and developers. It's 100% free, no registration required. Take the 2-minute tour × How to install adobe reader .bin download from Adobe [duplicate] asked 1 year ago Possible Duplicate: 8 viewed 23960 times How do I install Adobe Acrobat Reader? active 3 months ago I am having Ubuntu operating system. Community Bulletin I have downloaded file AdbeRdr9.5.1-1_i486linux_enu.bin file from Adobe. blog Podcast #55 – Don’t Call It A It is located in my Downloads directory. Comeback I am a new user of linux. Please could you provide STEP BY STEP instructions & commands to install adobe reader. adobe adobe-reader share improve this question edited Nov 24 '12 at 17:42 asked Nov 24 '12 at 16:35 Fernhill Linux Project K V RAVINDRANATH 2,046 2 12 41 1 1 2 marked as duplicate by Jorge Castro, Ringtail, hhlp, fossfreedom ♦ Nov 24 '12 at 21:43 This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question. Linked 2 Answers ACTIVE OLDEST VOTES 45 How do I install Adobe Acrobat Reader? If you downloaded Adobe-Reader from the Adobe website and wish to install it see below. Related 9 45 How do I install Adobe Installing Adobe Reader .bin Acrobat Reader? First open your Downloads folder, then right click on the AdbeRdr9.5.1-1_i486linux_enu.bin and select 0 Problem with adobe-reader Properties .
    [Show full text]
  • Linux at 25 PETERHISTORY H
    Linux at 25 PETERHISTORY H. SALUS Peter H. Salus is the author of A n June 1991, at the USENIX conference in Nashville, BSD NET-2 was Quarter Century of UNIX (1994), announced. Two months later, on August 25, Linus Torvalds announced Casting the Net (1995), and The his new operating system on comp.os.minix. Today, Android, Google’s Daemon, the Gnu and the Penguin I (2008). [email protected] version of Linux, is used on over two billion smartphones and other appli- ances. In this article, I provide some history about the early years of Linux. Linus was born into the Swedish minority of Finland (about 5% of the five million Finns). He was a “math guy” throughout his schooling. Early on, he “inherited” a Commodore VIC- 20 (released in June 1980) from his grandfather; in 1987 he spent his savings on a Sinclair QL (released in January 1984, the “Quantum Leap,” with a Motorola 68008 running at 7.5 MHz and 128 kB of RAM, was intended for small businesses and the serious hobbyist). It ran Q-DOS, and it was what got Linus involved: One of the things I hated about the QL was that it had a read-only operating system. You couldn’t change things ... I bought a new assembler ... and an editor.... Both ... worked fine, but they were on the microdrives and couldn’t be put on the EEPROM. So I wrote my own editor and assembler and used them for all my programming. Both were written in assembly language, which is incredibly stupid by today’s standards.
    [Show full text]
  • Customizing Debian Benjamin Mako Hill
    Customizing Debian “Fork Yours with Debian GNU/Linux” Benjamin Mako Hill [email protected] http://mako.yukidoke.org Ubuntu Debian Project Software in the Public Interest Benjamin Mako Hill LCA - Debian MiniConf4 http://mako.yukidoke.org The World of Debian Customizers There are 115 distributions derived from Debian. AbulÉdu • Adamantix • AGNULA GNU/Linux Audio Distribution • ANTEMIUM Linux • Arabbix • ARMA aka Omoikane GNU/Linux • ASLinux • Auditor Security Linux • Augustux • B2D Linux • BEERnix • Biadix • BIG LINUX • Bioknoppix • BlackRhino • Bluewall GNU/Linux • Bonzai Linux • BrlSpeak • Càtix • CensorNet • Clusterix • ClusterKNOPPIX • Condorux • Damn Small Linux • Danix • DebXPde • eduKnoppix • ERPOSS • ESware • Euronode • FAMELIX • Feather Linux • Flonix • Vital Data Forensic or Rescue Kit (FoRK) • Freeduc-cd • GEOLivre Linux • Gibraltar Firewall • GNIX-Vivo • Gnoppix Linux • gnuLinEx • GNU/Linux Kinneret • GNUstep Live CD • grml • Guadalinex • Helix • Hiweed Linux • Impi Linux • Julex • K-DEMar • Kaella • Knoppix Linux Azur • Kalango Linux • KANOTIX • KlusTriX • knopILS • Knoppel • Knoppix • Knoppix 64 • Knoppix STD • KnoppiXMAME • KnoppMyth • Kurumin Linux • LAMPPIX • Libranet GNU/Linux • LIIS Linux • LinEspa • Linspire • Linux Live Game Project • Linux Loco • LinuxDefender Live! CD • Linuxin • LiVux • Local Area Security Linux (L.A.S.) • Luinux • Luit Linux • MAX: Madrid_Linux • Mediainlinux • MEPIS Linux • Metadistro-Pequelin • MIKO GNYO/Linux • Morphix • Munjoy Linux • Nature's Linux • NordisKnoppix • OGo Knoppix • Oralux • Overclockix
    [Show full text]