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Designing One Nation Designing One Nation The Politics of Economic Culture and Trade in Divided Germany Katrin Schreiter Oxford University Press Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press Madison Avenue, New York, NY , United States of America. © Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Schreiter, Katrin, author. Title: Designing one nation: the politics of economic culture and trade in divided Germany / Katrin Schreiter. Description: New York: Oxford University Press, . | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identiers: LCCN (print) | LCCN (ebook) | ISBN HARDCOVER | ISBN PDF Subjects: LCSH: Germany (West)—Relations—Germany (East) | Germany (East)-- Relations--Germany (West) | Germany--History-- - . | German reunication question ( - ) | Germany--Economic conditions-- -| Industrial design--Social aspects--Germany. | Functionalism in art--History. Classication: LCC DD . .G­ S­ (print) | LCC DD . .G­ (ebook) | DDC ­. --dc­ LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/ LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/ –- – – ­ Printed on acid-free paper is book is published as part of the Sustainable History Monograph Pilot. With the generous support of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Pilot uses cutting-edge publishing technology to produce open access digital editions of high-quality, peer-reviewed monographs from leading university presses. Free digital editions can be download- ed from: Books at JSTOR, EBSCO, Hathi Trust, Internet Archive, OAPEN, Project MUSE, and many other open repositories. While the digital edition is free to download, read, and share, the book is under copyright and covered by the following Creative Commons License: CC BY-NC-ND .. Please consult www.creativecommons.org if you have questions about your rights to reuse the material in this book. When you cite the book, please include the following URL for its Digital Object Identier (DOI): https://doi.org/ . ­/oso/ . We are eager to learn more about how you discovered this title and how you are using it. We hope you will spend a few minutes answering a couple of questions at this url: https://www.longleafservices.org/shmp-survey/ More information about the Sustainable History Monograph Pilot can be found at https://www.longleafservices.org. To Paolo, everything is better together. Acknowledgments xi Abbreviations xv Designing One Nation Form Follows Function: Industrial Design and the Emergence of Postwar Economic Culture Producing Modern German Homes: The Economy of Nation Branding ­ Intra-German Trade and the Aesthetic Dialectic of European Integration From Competition to Cooperation: Cold War Diplomacy of German Design : Conservative Modernity: The Reception of Functionalism in German Living Rooms The Ties That Never Broke ­ Notes Bibliography It is a great pleasure to express my appreciation to the individuals and institu- tions who helped me in the process of writing this book. First and foremost, I would like to thank Oxford University Press and the terric Susan Ferber and Alexandra Dauler for believing in this project when it rst landed on their desks. I am especially indebted to the two anonymous reviewers who gave cru- cial suggestions and encouraging comments that have contributed tremendously in transforming an interdisciplinary, multi-archival project into a proper book manuscript. The majority of the research was funded by grants from the University of Pennsylvania and its School of Arts and Sciences. The Penn Program on De- mocracy, Citizenship, and Constitutionalism Graduate Fellowship allowed me a carefree year of writing and welcomed me into an inspiring interdisciplinary setting. I owe much as well to the support of Thomas Childers, Kathy Peiss, Paul Betts, and Catriona MacLeod whose comments and encouragement were par- ticularly valuable in developing this book manuscript. At King’s College Lon- don, I not only found a new intellectual home at the departments of German and of European and International Studies but also a thriving interdisciplinary environment that supported my continued research on this book by funding frequent visits to archives in Germany. As the saying goes, it takes a village to raise children, and it takes equally as many people to nish a book project of transnational scope. During my research in Germany, a number of people provided me with invaluable support. First, I would like to thank the friendly sta of the Bundesarchiv in Koblenz and Ber- lin for their help in locating rare materials. Kerstin Schenke and Gisela Haker have greatly assisted my research and led extensive requests on my behalf for early document access. Special thanks go to Helge Aszmoneit at the Rat für Formgebung in Frankfurt who provided me with personal contacts and expert knowledge about all things design in Germany. The sta of the Politische Ar- chiv at the Foreign Oce of the Federal Republic helped tirelessly with tracing early postwar-era les, while sta at the Werkbund Archiv der Dinge in Berlin, the Staatsarchiv Dresden, and the Stadtarchiv Stuttgart oered their expertise xi xii Acknowledgments in lling in gaps in the national record. Similarly, I am grateful to the founda- tion Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Berlin for the op- portunity to peruse their Sammlung industrielle Gestaltung, a treasure trove documenting GDR industrial design initiatives. Special thanks go to Thorsten Krause and Anja Schubert, who helped with locating visual materials under complicated circumstances. Helen Streilein oered support at the archive of the Association for Consumption, Market and Sales Research in Nuremberg. I am indebted to Uta Brandes, Michael Blank, Axel Bruchhäuser, Michael Erlho, Peter Frank, Rolf Heide, Karin Hirdina, Günther Höhne, Rudolf Horn, Bernd Göbel, Martin Kelm, Karin Kirsch, Lore Kramer, Peter Maly, Detlef Mika, Her- bert and Rotraud Pohl, and Renate Sigwart who generously invited me into their homes and workplaces. Their indispensable personal accounts oered valuable insights into the practice of design in Cold War Germany. The generous support of the furniture production and retail companies Deutsche Werkstätten Helle- rau, Interlübke, Möbel Wallach, Hülsta, Tecta, and Walter Knoll provided the opportunity to see rsthand what I was writing about. In England, I was assisted by the knowledgeable sta of the University of Brighton Design Archives in researching the institutional nature of German Cold War design globally. With- out the seless and enthusiastic support from these institutions and individuals, this book would have never come into being. Early dras of book chapters have received feedback from colleagues on nu- merous occasions, among them panels at annual conferences of the German Studies Association and the American Historical Association, colloquia and research seminars at Freie Universität Berlin, King’s College London, and the Institute for Historical Research at the University of London, and the GHI Transatlantic Doctoral Seminar at the Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena. Prob- ing questions, excellent suggestions, new leads, and thoughtful comments from attendants contributed greatly to how what started out as doctoral research has been reconceptualized and has grown over the years into the book that is in front of you. Here I would like to thank especially Jeremy Aynsley, Erica Carter, William Glenn Gray, Christina von Hodenberg, Konrad Jarausch, Eveline Kil- ian, Jan Palmowski, Eli Rubin, Benedict Schoeld, Catherine Smale, Elizabeth Stewart, Richard Wetzell, and Michael Wildt, who kindly oered their exper- tise and critical advice. Over the years, many friends have accompanied me on this journey, and their support, friendship, and sound advice over countless dinners and coee breaks sustained this project. Special thanks goes to Julie Davidow, Jacob Eder, Julia Gunn, Chelsea Johnson, Reena Vaidya Krishna, Chase Richards, and Kerry Acknowledgments xiii Wallach, who also read and commented on early dras. Several family members in Hamburg, Wiesbaden, and Stuttgart hosted me during my research abroad. Thanks to Monika and Thomas Busch; Michael, Andrea, Daniel, and Dennis Busch; Christine and Horst Otto; and Vincent Hochreiter for their hospitality. I am particularly grateful to my parents, Susanne and Manfred Schreiter, and my sister, Sabine Schreiter, for their unfailing support and encouragement. Their constructive outlook on life puts the trials and tribulations of academia into perspective. My late grandmother Ilsemarie Busch, born in , lived through ninety-nine years of German history. Her quiet optimism and ability
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