DEFENCE INNOVATION – A SWEDISH PERSPECTIVE

A PUBLICATION FROM THE SWEDISH SECURITY & DEFENCE INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AND HYPERSONIC WEAPONS – TECHNOLOGY OF THE FUTURE REQUIRES SWIFT DECISIONS PAGE 4

SWEDISH ARMED FORCES INVEST IN CYBER SOLDIERS – NEW TRAINING COMMENCES 2020 PAGE 24

DAG HARTELIUS, DIRECTOR-GENERAL, NATIONAL DEFENCE RADIO ESTABLISHMENT: ”THREATS HAVE BECOME MORE MULTIFACETED AND COMPLEX” PAGE 14 MBDA advert 260 x 375 Meteor Swedish Security & Defence Association_Layout 1 08/03/2019 08:16 Page 1

Regardless of whether it’s cyber or air defence, it is con- siderably more difficult to develop technology that defend or society rather than attacking, says Robert Limmergård. Photo: Hampus Hagstedt/Försvarsmakten. EXCELLENCE AT YOUR SIDE

SOFF Together, we defend The Swedish Security and Defence Industry our society Association, SOFF, is an interbranch organi- sation for companies Sweden needs to face destabilizing acts aimed at influencing Sweden within the field of politically, economically and militarily. Protection of society’s functionality security and defence in falls to a large number of players who together constitute a security Sweden. Today, we are structure that increases the ability to defend society. more than 100 member companies which togeth- To develop defence technology – regardless of whether it’s cyber or air er within the security defence – is considerably more difficult than to harm society. In order to and defence sector have protect and defend our society, knowledge of how new technology is devel- approximately 30,000 oped and managed is nevertheless necessary. It requires that we under- employees and gener- stand the weaknesses and strengths of systems in order to develop ate a turnover of SEK 30 the technology that counteracts the same. In so doing, the companies billion annually. contribute to, and become an integrated part of maintaining Sweden’s operational capability in both the short and long-term. A functioning market is a prerequisite for In order to utilize Sweden’s collective resources and effectively provide companies to invest in the capability to protect society, security policy, technology and the market technology and solutions must be seen as a single entity. It is essential to conduct a dialogue on how that protect Sweden. the security and defence market can be best developed to meet society’s needs. A dialogue for which both companies and authorities bear responsi- If you have any questions concerning the secu- bility. We need to understand each other’s needs and limitations early. We rity and defence market, need to talk about concepts, work on studies and practice more together. please feel free to con- tact us. We can also help We also need to attract new technology, new enterprises and new with facts, information employees to the ecosystem that protects Sweden. There is no conflict of and industry statistics. aims, we are here to create technology and solutions that protect Sweden. Meteor - A new set of rules For further information visit: www.soff.se/en ROBERT LIMMERGÅRD MBDA and SAAB SECRETARY-GENERAL, SWEDISH SECURITY AND DEFENCE INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION working together for the Swedish Air Force. PROJECT MANAGER: JONATAN FRANSSON EDITOR: SARA STEINHOLTZ SPARBY ART DIRECTOR: ANNIKA MAGNUSSON ADVERTISING & REPRO: FRIDA KLANG CUSTOMER RELATIONS/SALES: MARKUS GUSTAFSSON PRINT: MITTMEDIA QUESTIONS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO: COVER PHOTOS: SOFF, FÖRSVARSMAKTEN TRANSLATION: NORDIC RESEARCH Robert Limmergård, Secretary-General Security and Defence Association For information about supplements and customer magazines, contact Jonatan Tel: +46 (0)8-782 08 85 Fransson +46 (0)700 84 00 51 or [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Crossmedia Communication Kristallen B, SE-754 50 Uppsala

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2 MBDA advert 260 x 375 Meteor Swedish Security & Defence Association_Layout 1 08/03/2019 08:16 Page 1

EXCELLENCE AT YOUR SIDE

Meteor - A new set of rules MBDA and SAAB working together for the Swedish Air Force.

® Image © MBDA WWW.MBDA-SYSTEMS.COM The development of unmanned vehicles, for example drones, continues unabated. Here, aerial reconnaissance is conducted with the help of a TUAV (Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). Technology of the future requires swift decisions

Military activities are increasingly influenced by techno- Rickard Stridh, who is basically a defence driving vehicles, a technology that can logical development. The Swedish Armed Forces’ engineer. also be used for unmanned combat vehicles. This also applies to marine craft, Head of Development, Rickard Stridh, keeps tabs on Autonomous vehicles becoming both above and below the sea surface. everything from Artificial Intelligence to hypersonic increasingly common Keeping up with the pace of devel- He points out some areas where devel- opment is a challenge for the Swedish weapons. Text: Anders Steinvall | Photo: Mats Nyström/Försvarsmakten opment is advancing rapidly and where Armed Forces. It is important to think technology is becoming increasingly im- correctly and to use the limited resources portant for the operational environment. properly from the start. Furthermore, one That technological advances change the needs and requirements for technology Artificial intelligence, AI, is an area should look far into the future. conditions for military conflicts is nothing development with a focus on how future where rapid development is taking place, As an example, Rickard Stridh new. Now, military research is catching up threats can best be met. both civilian and military. The Armed mentions hypersonic weapons, which are with a technological development on the He also directs the distribution of SEK Forces have to deal with a lot of data and under development in countries around civilian side that in our digitalized society 700 million that the Swedish Armed Rickard Stridh foresees AI becoming us. They can, for example, be very fast is moving at a furious pace. Forces annually allocates for research, an important tool that the military will missiles that radically shrink the theatre – We must always ask ourselves what technology development and studies. benefit from in the future. of operations. the next step is that will change the Most of the money goes to the Swedish – Development within quantum – A traditional cruise missile flies at a picture, the technology that everyone is Defence Research Agency (FOI) but also technology and quantum computers may speed below 1,000 kph, but a hypersonic looking for. That is the very essence of to the Swedish Defence University (För- become increasingly important as this weapon may fly at 7,000 kph. This means military research, says Colonel Rickard svarshögskolan) and Defence Materiel technology gradually matures. Quantum that, depending on the distance, you only Stridh, since 2017 Administration (Försvarets Materielverk). computers will develop areas such as have a few minutes to react, says Rickard Head of Devel- – We focus first and foremost on capa- encryption and navigation, he says. Stridh. opment of the bility development both in the short and A third example is the autonomous This places completely new demands Swedish Armed long term. One of the most important sector, that is the development of differ- on sensors and Command and Control Forces. factors is the operating environment and ent types of unmanned and self-driving systems for rapid response. A reality that In his role, he trying to get a picture of what it will vehicles and systems. Unmanned flying is soon to transpire.  should keep an look like in the future. Generally, we see vehicles are already commonplace. On eye on all of the an increasing technological influence on the civilian side, much money is being Rickard Stridh Armed Forces’ military operations of the future, says invested in the development of self-

DISTINGUISHED BY INNOVATION

4 TECHNOLOGY FOR SELF-DRIVING VEHICLES

Utilizing the latest technology with 3D map data, the software company, Carmenta, can provide real-time operational information for decision-making and also anticipate events. Something that enables the defence industry to plan how self-driving military vehicles can move in terrain.

A simple 3D map gives you information of how an area looks, but not much more. However, if you combine the 3D technology with information from radar and sensors, not only do you get a picture of how the surroun- dings look, but you can also make analyses of how it affects you right now, and how it will affect you in the future. – With our solutions it is, from a military per- spective, easy to calculate where you are ex- posed to a threat. We can take a sniper on a rooftop as an example. Our technology pro- vides you with information about where you have the vantage point, without being visible to the sniper, explains Mats Pålsson, Sales & Marketing Manager at Carmenta Geospatial Technology – a Swedish software company that delivers security critical solutions amongst those based on the nature of the terrain. developing all the time and is also used today others to the defence industry. – By combining the route function with the in self-driving vehicles. – What makes our technology unique is free visibility function, you open the door to a – As autonomous military vehicles must be that we can make these calculations in real whole range of new possibilities. For example, able to get around on their own in terrain time even when you and your threats are in imagine a combat vehicle that needs to there must be some kind of idea of how to constant motion. advance and observe a specific area where get from point A to point B. This is where our – Another example could be a military ve- one suspects the enemy is. Our technology solutions and analyses come into the picture. hicle that is on the move in an archipelago. can help to propose a reasonable route to Thanks to map data and 3D information to- With our visibility function, you know exactly get there and simultaneously notify which gether with a sound knowledge of what these when you become visible to enemy forces. areas you should observe when you have vehicles can handle we can provide sugges- You can also see when you or your enemy reached your vantage position, says Tobias tions of routes even in very rough terrain, says targets come into a shadow behind, for Moberg and continues: Mats Pålsson and adds: example, an island or a hill thereby enabling – By incorporating several types of ana- – The technology that enables this has been you to adapt your operation accordingly, lyses into the technology, those who use it around for a relatively long time, but the ability adds Tobias Moberg, VP Product Manage- can gain a substantial advantage in terms to plan in real time how a self-driving military ment at Carmenta Geospatial Technology. of information by using the data available to vehicle moves is a new application for which draw conclusions about which operations one we have received positive feedback from our gives an informative advantage can carry out. customers around the world. Another type of analysis also included in Car- menta’s basic technology is about calculating can be used in autonomous vehicles routes for off-road vehicles. Not only is this The technology Mats Pålsson and Tobias valid for routes on the road network, but also Moberg are talking about is growing and To ensure the products and services you buy are safe, we need to be able to specify and verify what we want. The Swedish Certification Body for IT Security (CSEC) is working constantly with this issue. Sweden has strong international influence over cyber security

Cyber security is high on the agenda in Sweden and in Europe. But how do we ensure that our products, systems and services are secure? The EU is best at creating a common framework for certification of cyber security and Sweden plays an important role in this process. Text: Sara Steinholtz Sparby | Photo: Istock, FMV

– Everyone wants good IT security, but the question Co-operation with companies important is what do we mean by that? We will not have secure Dag Ströman points out that IT security is an issue products if we cannot express what we mean by securi- that requires clear collaboration between government ty in each specific case. It’s about being able to specify agencies and between the state and business. what we want and to be able to verify that it matches – When the Common Criteria Recognition what we get, says Dag Ströman, head of CSEC, the Arrangement was reformed in 2014, co-operation Swedish Certification Body for IT Security. with business expanded. Today, there are various CSEC works nationally and internationally to technological co-operation groups where industry develop a language, standards and rules for IT security and the state jointly draw up detailed requirements for and how to specify them. It also works with the verifi- different product types such as USB memories or cation and control of IT products. secure databases, he says and continues: The Common Criteria Recognition Arrangement – At the turn of the millennium, it was mainly the is a co-operation between 29 countries. With the state that decided and industry that had to keep up. system Common Criteria, the countries have agreed Today we know that much of the expertise is to be on how to verify the security of different IT products. found in industry and that these are issues we must Amongst other things, this includes which data is to ”I want to see a national solve together. be protected and which attacks or threats the product approach of creating education is to withstand. In Sweden, it is the CSEC that runs Secure the skills the Swedish certification work. where students learn to develop Today, competition for skilled IT engineers is fierce. – This means that the other countries trust a review secure products and systems. According to Dag Ströman, Sweden has a need for that we conduct in Sweden and vice versa. It also Today we are suffering from a hundreds of graduates every year who have learnt the makes it easy for the industry. It’s enough to have art of building effective cyber defence. one review and one certificate. If we hadn’t had this great shortage of people with – I want to see a national approach of creating co-operation the suppliers would have had to certify that competence.” education where students learn to develop secure themselves 29 times, once in each country. products and systems. Today we are suffering from a dag ströman great shortage of people with that competence and at Cyber security is at the top of the EU’s agenda CSEC we are looking for experienced IT engineers at Sweden has great influence at a global level in terms of within information and communication technology. the end of their careers and newly graduated engineers IT security and for the rest of this year, Dag Ströman – These are exciting times. The EU system will who have focused on IT security. With us, you get is Chairman of the management committee of the increase focus on the entire certification issue and, as the opportunity to make an important difference for  international arrangement and co-operation organiza- this becomes law at EU level, certification of IT secu- information security in Sweden. tion, Common Criteria Recognition Arrangement rity may eventually have an impact similar to that of (CCRA). GDPR, explains Dag Ströman and adds that the EU The EU is currently establishing a European certifi- commission is currently looking at which certification cation framework for products, services and processes regulations it should prepare.

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www.nammo.com 7 Gripen – the smart fighter contributes to security

A rapidly changing threat landscape requires an equally rapid development of already established weapon systems. For Joel Olofsson at the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (Försvarets materielverk/FMV), who works with the export of Gripen, it is a stimulating part of everyday working life. Text: Anders Steinvall | Foto: Hampus Hagstedt/Försvarsmakten

In December last year, the 30th anniversary of weapon system such as Gripen, amongst others previously worked with the the first flight of the Saab Gripen fighter jet deals will in principle never be Helicopter 14, a European co-operation pro- was celebrated. The project was the subject of a completely cut and dry. Upgra- ject. He also sees a trend towards an increasing long history of political drama before it became des are always required in rapid number of international collaborations between the backbone of the Swedish Air Force. Apart technological development. Joel countries and within the defence industry. from Sweden, the aircraft type is now in service Joel Olofsson Olofsson calls these perfor- He takes the view that the Swedish defence in South Africa, Hungary, Czech Republic and mance boost deliveries. industry compares favourably with international Thailand. A deal with Brazil has been signed for – Above all, new demands are placed on competition. the delivery of Gripen aircraft in the near future. systems from a changing threat landscape per- – The Gripen project faces tough competition, At the Defence Materiel Administration spective and changing situation in the outside such as the USA’s F-16. In terms of size, the (Försvarets Materielverk) sits Joel Olofsson. With world. It’s interesting to follow how strong the Swedish defence industry is small compared to the title, Aircraft Manager Gripen Support, he is connection is between the threat landscape and the large foreign business concerns. But what is one of the people at the centre of this important technology. It places demands on capabilities that produced in Sweden has a high, world-class ope- venture that is so crucial for the Swedish defence are not as well defined as they were in the past, rational capability, given that we are a knowledge- industry. says Joel Olofsson. based and high-tech nation, says Joel Olofsson. Joel Olofsson works with the export nations He also points out the fact that both Hungary His assignment involves spending a great deal Hungary and Czech Republic, where he has fre- and Czech Republic since the fall of communism of time travelling. The international environment quent contact with the defence ministries and air in Eastern Europe are full members of NATO, offers new and insightful experiences. force units where Gripen aircraft are based. which can in some cases lead to other require- – It’s interesting to see how other countries’ ments differing from those of Sweden. Export cultures can have an impact on the technical sys- Changing threat landscape places new demands countries may also want to acquire capabilities tems. To be of help in building another country’s on systems in which the Swedish Armed Forces have no defence capabilities is also inspiring, says Joel Both Hungary and the Czech Republic have interest. Olofsson, who also emphasizes the benefit he and signed lease agreements which embrace 14 his colleagues contribute thereby to the Swedish aircraft for each country, while Hungary has an World-class operational capability defence industry.  option to purchase the aircraft. For an advanced Joel Olofsson, who is an aircraft engineer, has

8 BAE Systems Bofors Liljedal Communication High-tech systems for land and sea

Approximately 400 employees work at BAE Systems Bofors AB in Karlskoga, developing, supplying and maintaining defense systems for, among other things, indirect fire, marine applications and vehicle assembly. Thanks to the high- tech competence of our employees, we contribute to the national security and defense capability for Sweden and our customer countries. Our systems include: • Naval guns Bofors 40 MK4 and Bofors 57 MK3 • Wheeled artillery system Bofors Archer • Intelligent ammunition

We strengthen Sweden’s defense capability BAE Systems Bofors and BAE Systems Hägglunds are part of BAE Systems with over 83 000 employees in more than 40 countries.

BAE Systems Hägglunds We deliver the vehicles of the future

At BAE Systems Hägglunds AB in Örnsköldsvik nearly 1000 employees focus on development, manufacturing, integration and support of a wide range of military vehicles for customers world- wide. Our main products are combat vehicles (CV90) and armored, all-terrain vehicles (BvS10), as well as unprotected Beowulf which can be used during rescue- and peacekeeping operations. We work with the technology of the future and deliver products and services with a military capacity to protect people and contribute to the national security and defense capability.

9 GKN KEEPS THE AIR FORCE IN THE AIR!

GKN Aerospace in Trollhättan is a faithful partner to the Swedish Air Force, having supplied all its combat aircraft engines from the time of its establishment between the two world wars up until the latest version of JAS 39 Gripen C/D. The company now looks forward towards the development of the next generation fighter aircraft engines.

– today we are responsible for the deve- At the same time, the company invests a lot lopment, product support and maintenance of resources in research and development. of the RM12 engine that sits in Gripen C/D, The goal is to be involved in the provision explains Robert Hell at GKN Aerospace. of engines for the next generation of figh- – A key part of this is the unique form of ter aircraft that will enter service around performance based contract where we make 2040. There are currently two major projects an availability commitment to the Air Force underway and GKN Aerospace has contacts with incentives for low life cycle costs for the with both in anticipation of which of them FACTS ABOUT GKN AEROSPACE customers. Sweden will opt for. It's not an easy task. The engine constitutes GKN Aerospace has a workforce of a large part of an aircraft’s life cycle costs what will be demanded of the engines in 17,000 employees worldwide, 5,000 of and the significance of its reliability is not to f ighter aircraft of the future? which work within the division Engine be underestimated as the Gripen aircraft only – Our assessment is that fighter aircraft of the Systems, and around 2,200 thereof in has one engine. Therefore it is with pride that future will place completely new demands Trollhättan, where the divisional head GKN Aerospace can affirm that not a single on the engines that will call for a substanti- office and development centres are serious incident has occurred with a Gripen al technology boost. Amongst other things, located. fighter due to engine failure. this is about a technology called variable cycle engine that means one doesn’t have On the commercial aviation side, the the company maintains the engines for all to compromise between range and engine company works with all major manu- five countries where Gripen is flying today performance. facturers of aircraft engines and and the maintenance system is based entirely Another challenge is that the engine must technology from Trollhättan can be on data from the engines and aircrafts them- be able to power all the electronics, power found in 90% of all modern large selves. storage and the new weapons that will be in passenger aircraft. Over 90% of Troll- – A large amount of data from each flight the new fighter aircraft of the future. hättan’s sales are exported. is registered and sent to us. We analyse and – What we already know is that the engine, evaluate how each individual part in the engi- or the energy system as it can be called, is Advanced space activities can also be nes has worn and can thereby ensure that the becoming increasingly complex, integrated found in Trollhättan where GKN is a maintenance performed is totally related to and an important subsystem of future fighter ”Centre of excellence” for turbines and the real needs. It reduces costs and increases aircraft while the demands for security of nacelles for the European space rocket the flight safety, continues Robert Hell. supply is increasing simultaneously, says Ariane. – We have Gripen engines in our test rigs Robert Hell. that have been test run 5–6 times longer than – This is why it becomes increasingly To be able to keep up with the develop- any of the engines that sit in the actual aircraft. important for Sweden to secure a national ment, the company invests around SEK This enables us to introduce new repairs and capability and competence in this field. We 700 million annually in research and find potential problems before they occur in at GKN Aerospace are ready to take on this development. operation. challenge. Transforming Data to Insights ¨ The amounts of data generated by the technical systems of today are still growing dramatically. The key to success is to have efficient methods to extract knowledge from all this data.

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TERACOM CONTRIBUTES TO A SAFER SOCIETY

Well functioning communication solutions are absolutely crucial in the maintenance of societal security. The need for networks that always work increases with the dependence on digital services and a changing security situation. Through its ownership of Teracom, the Swedish state has a network operator with long experience of broadcasting radio and tv with constant focus on quality and reliability

teracom's public policy mandate is a part from single point to point connections to of the state’s efforts to maintain a safe society entire networks. With a robust and nation- with sustainable communication solutions. wide transmission network designed to cope – Here at Teracom, we have the expertise with fires and storms, Teracom can offer and experience of how to secure communica- the extra redundancy and safety that critical tions even when they are exposed to pressure communication demands. and direct attacks. Our organisation and our – Society should be able to rest assured communication systems have played an im- that important networks function when they » Society should be able to rest portant role in several crisis situations in recent are needed most. We continue to work to assured that important networks years such as forest fires, storms and sabota- make our assets and strengths available for function when they are needed ge. This kind of crisis management also gives Sweden to be able to take advantage of most. « us experience for the continued development the digital opportunities without compromi- of Teracom’s response capacity, says Åsa sing the security of society. The capabilities Sundberg, MD and CEO of Teracom Group. we have built up over time, when it comes to networks with high availability and crisis with a nationwide core and access network, preparedness should in a simple way be able designed for availability and redundant to benefit actors within societally important routing, Teracom can offer solutions ranging activities, says Åsa Sundberg. The Armed Forces continue to develop

Most signs indicate that the Armed Forces are facing gues at the Policy and Plans Department up to further development. Major General, Michael relate to when new strategies are to be developed. There is much that needs to be Claesson, leads the strategy work that will transform addressed, but Claesson dares to believe in political decisions into military reality. a rapidly enhanced defence capability. – With reasonably financed Armed Text: Anders Steinvall | Photo: Astrid Amtén Skage/Försvarsmakten Forces in the near future, there are good conditions in which we can not only keep up with development, but also participate In an increasingly volatile world there is shorter and longer term, says Michael in and lead, he says. a consensus among the Swedish parlia- Claesson. mentary parties that Sweden’s defence Increased manning and more technology Changing threat landscape in the vicinity needs to be strengthened. A proposal by What demands will the conflict environ- of Sweden the cross-party parliamentary Defence ment of the future place on the Swedish Commission (Försvarsberedningen) will The Swedish Armed Forces’ analysis of Armed Forces? Technological develop- be presented in May, serving as a basis a future operative environment and how ment will change a lot, but not everything. for the next major defence decision to be it affects Swedish defence was presented ”New technology – On the one hand, 2035 can be taken in 2020. in a perspective study at the beginning of compensates the need perceived to lie far ahead in the future. – The Swedish Armed Forces see that 2018. In the analysis, the Armed Forces for physical strength. On the other hand, it is not long from there is a lot of catching up to do in terms are clear about how the threat landscape the perspective of military development of development needs, says Major Gen- has changed with Russia acting more This improves the condi- before we are there. I don’t think we will eral, Michael Claesson, Head of Policy aggressively. tions for equality between experience such big leaps. We will still see and Plans Department. The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and conventional methods of warfare in all In times of rapid technology devel- dissolution of communism in 1991 were men and women, which traditional domains: in the air, at sea, and opment and a changing threat landscape followed by a period of disarmament of increases the criteria on the ground. But development in some in Sweden’s vicinity, there are many vital the Swedish Armed Forces. The annex- selection in terms of the areas is moving very quickly. We need, issues that need consideration. ation of Crimea in 2014 was a definitive amongst other things, to develop the – The time perspective for our reaso- reminder that new conditions prevail. right competencies for the ability to analyze large amounts of data ning extends until 2035 and shortly there- A military conflict in our vicinity would needs of the Armed and an ability for swift decision making, after. Then we reverse the film back to the inevitably affect Sweden. Forces.” says Michael Claesson. present and see what decisions must now The deep cuts are the starting point Nor does he see any contradiction be taken to cope with the situation in the which Michael Claesson and his collea- michael claesson between investment in technological

12 Did you know that the defence industry is the most technology intensive in Sweden?

MEMBER COMPANIES’ SALES BY REGIONS (2016)

Nordic countries (incl. Sweden) Asia and Middles East Rest of Europe North America South and Latin America Oceania Africa

DIGITALIZATION REVOLUTIONIZES Digitalization revolutionizes ”hardware”. Sensors, decision support and communication – providing the customer with high-tech products which are constantly enhanced.

BILLION SEK were generated by the export of services in 2015. An increased share from exercises and also 2 technical consultancy and cyber security.

Most signs indicate that the Armed Forces are COMPANIES IN SWEDEN facing up to further development. Major General, are under state-owned governance structures Michael Claesson, leads the strategy work that will transform political decisions into military reality. – but as in most other countries (also in other Nordic and EU nations) defence companies are 0 state-owned.

of revenues is invested by defence companies in research and development. This makes the industry the most research- 18% intensive in Sweden in relation to turnover. development and substantially increased manning of the Armed Forces. – We must do both. The perspective study outlines a doubling of of the co-workers employed by the Armed Forces’ manpower up to 2035. But it does not contrast the defence and security enterprises with the need for new technological systems, he says. are women. 43% of the co-workers have an engineering degree. The need for physical strength is offset 24% Also much will change for the individual soldier on the battlefield. Everything from the personal equipment that is becoming increa- singly advanced, to the physical demands placed on the individual. – The individual soldier remains one of many important sensors in the system. Human brains and human muscles are still im- portant components. But new technology compensates the need for physical strength. It improves, amongst others, the conditions for equality between men and women, which increases the criteria for selection in terms of the right competencies for the needs of the 28 85 Armed Forces, says Michael Claesson. He cites as an example the so-called Exosceleton, an artificial EU MEMBER STATES PER CENT ”external skeleton” in the form of an advanced, wearable suit that jointly invest less on increases the soldier’s strength artificially. of the world’s defence Michael Claesson emphasizes that he foresees a conflict environ- defence research (in USD) exports originated ment that is increasingly characterized by what he calls ”grey zone today, than China. And from 44 US and 29 issues”. It can be about state powers that in a conflict situation use China is more effective European defence methods that are not clearly military. Threats to the digitalized than a fragmented Europe. companies three years society are already a reality. But there are other strong ago. The strong – This places demands on solving our military assignment economies that are making dominance in the field within the framework of total defence, that is, in collaboration serious efforts to enter of defence technology with other agencies responsible for related tasks. This is a process the defence market and that they have had is that moves fast and has to be developed in a dialogue, says they are not in the western Michael Claesson.  now being seriously hemisphere. challenged.

13 ”Sweden has a large IT-security deficit”

In an era of constantly new cyber threats, Swedish addressed by authorities and private business enterprises. IT security must be strengthened. This is emphasized – What we often see is that there are by Dag Hartelius, Head of what has been called the policies and routines in place, but they country’s most secret workplace – The National are not complied with. If they were, quite a lot could be relatively easily corrected. Defence Radio Establishment (Försvarets These matters must be dealt with at radioanstalt, FRA). management level, he says. The FRA’s work includes finding securi- Text: Anders Steinvall | Photo: Pressbild, FRA ty deficiencies in the activities of specific Swedish authorities whose interests Anyone who visits the FRA’s premises tremendously high level of competence, warrant protection. on Lovön, west of Stockholm, not far says Director General, Dag Hartelius, – Those within the banking and finance from Drottningholm Palace, may run when he guides us into his office for sector are good at managing this, both the risk of being disappointed. Apart one of the rare interviews he grants. public and private, says Dag Hartelius. from the security routines required to A trained political scientist with a Recently, the FRA publicly praised gain entry to the area, there is very little long career in Swedish diplomacy be- Sweden’s Central Bank (Riksbanken) as to suggest that this is the home to one hind him, he took up his post as Head a prime example. of Sweden’s most secretive activities. of the FRA in 2013. To fulfil its mission, the FRA must att- It is here that Swedish signal intell- During the years of the Soviet Union’s ract competence of the highest order in igence against foreign powers is ma- dissolution and the fall of the Berlin fierce competition with a lucrative labour naged and potential terrorist threats Wall in the late 80s, Dag Hartelius market in the private sector. The demand to Sweden are detected, and where found himself at the centre of events, as for advanced IT expertise far outweighs cutting edge expertise is being put to a diplomat in Moscow and Berlin. For the availability and supply. work to increase Sweden’s information a little over three decades, he has closely – We have done well, but it’s tough. security. followed developments, first the detente Our strength is that we have a strong – This is a civilian activity in Sweden’s vicinity followed by an brand amongst those who want to with many specia- escalated threat scenario resulting from engage with the most exciting work lists and a a more aggressive Russia. assignments and also do so for a much – The threat landscape has become greater cause, that is Sweden’s security. more multifaceted and complex, says There have been cases where people have Dag Hartelius. taken a cut in salary to work here, says Dag Hartelius. Continuous alert mode Important to work together Rapid technological development has also fundamentally changed the FRA’s FRA’s Director General also calls for activities, from traditional military signal closer co-operation between authorities surveillance to now embrace support for to meet the increased threat from the government agencies’ IT security. The outside world. Sweden’s Prime Minister, issue is highly relevant at the moment Stefan Löfven, spoke of a national cyber following a series of disclosures about security centre in a recent government security deficiencies among several policy statement. A dialogue about this authorities. has been initiated between the involved This is happening at the same time as authorities – FRA, Swedish Armed foreign powers are increasingly focusing Forces (Försvarsmakten), Swedish Se- on various kinds of cyber operations. curity Service (Säkerhetspolisen) and – We are actually in a constant alert Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency/ mode, emphasizes Dag Hartelius. MSB (Myndigheten för samhällsskydd He says that Sweden has a large ”IT och beredskap). security deficit” that is related to the fact – We identify what capabilities exist that Swedish society was an early starter and where they can be found. We see with computerization without always what needs to be strengthened and giving consideration to the security what is missing. There’s no need for issues surrounding it. a new agency for this. We work best Dag Hartelius believes that many together with the issues, says Dag  deficiencies could be relatively easily Hartelius.

”Deeper collaboration is required” Richard Oehme, cyber security expert at PwC and Chair- man for Security and Defence Industry Association’s Cyber Group, on cyber defence’s challenges:

– Sweden has a large security deficit that must be made up. Sweden’s development as a leader in digitalization is entirely dependent on properly managed information and cyber security. This requires that we co-operate in a completely different way than before, between the state and business community, in order to jointly build our cyber defence. Not least for sharing, for example, threat informa- tion and other knowledge, as well as meeting third party risks. This requires that a deeper collaboration between the central state actors (in addition to FRA, also Armed Forces (Försvarsmakten), MSB and SÄPO) and cyber security companies is established. 14 EMPOWERING ORGANISATIONS WITH THE RIGHT CAPABILITIES Military Work empowers the defence and security industry with the right capabilities. Our expertise comes from a combination of experiences and know-how in both the military and civilian sectors. Military Work has offices in Sweden, Finland and Denmark.

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”It’s a challenge to keep up with developments in the outside world”

Providing the Swedish Armed Forces with the required materiel can be a difficult balancing act between reasonable costs and the latest technology. Marie Louise Rösiö, at the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV), knows this all too well as she works with the procurement of Command and Control systems for the Armed Forces. Text: Anders Steinvall | Photo: Patrik Lundin

Keeping the Swedish Armed Forces sufficiently within the Armed Forces combined with a civil also focus on the end user. At the final step, these well equipped costs a great deal, not least in a time education when I manage this activity, says Marie advanced systems should be maintained manually, of extremely rapid technological development. Louise Rösiö. and not necessarily always by a person who is Resources are limited, whilst at the same time the assigned to this specific task at all times. They needs are great. IT security in focus must not be too advanced. – We must ensure that our transactions are both Within the field of Command & Control systems, – Maybe it isn’t always better with a Porsche sound and astute. It is about complex projects that there are clear links to the extremely rapid techno- than a Volvo, if you can put it that way, says Marie involve not only technology but also economics logical development in the civilian IT and telecom Louise Rösiö. and law. It’s important to keep up with develop- industry on both the hard and software sides. Defence companies in Sweden compare favou- ments there, too. We should be artful customers Right now, many of the work issues relate to IT rably in international comparison, she believes. In and suppliers, says Marie Louise Rösiö at the Swe- security and upgrading of the systems to be better terms of engineering, Sweden is at a high level. dish Defence Materiel Administration (Försvarets protected against intrusion. Artificial Intelligence, AI, is another new reality materielverk/FMV), that is under the authority of – This is a challenge to keep up with develop- to relate to within the defence industry, just as much the Ministry of Defence and procures and supplies ments in the outside world. We must have reliable, as within other sectors characterized by advanced materiel to the Swedish Armed Forces. robust systems, which at the same time, must not technology. The perspectives of what can be done The title on her business card is Head C2 become obsolete too quickly. Costs should not within a war context may appear to be frightening. Command & Control Systems Materiel. C2 stands be allowed to get out of control. It is exciting to – AI will be seen in almost every application. for Command and Control and the department maintain that balance, says Marie Louise Rösiö. We must relate to it and differentiate between she is in charge of is responsible for providing the She moreover emphasizes how important it is to what are opportunities and what are challenges. Swedish Armed Forces with the Command and For Marie Louise Rösiö, much of the work is Control systems they require. It is an activity that ”We must have reliable, robust about monitoring developments in the outside embraces several exciting projects with a wide systems. At the same time, our world. This can be achieved by embracing what is range of different competencies, from technical said by decision makers and experts at conferences experts to project managers. She describes herself own systems must not become and trade fairs, but it is often more tangible than as a generalist. She is a graduate economist and has obsolete too quickly.” that. a past as an officer in the Swedish Air Force. – A lot is about managing issues that arise in the marie louise rösiö – It’s an advantage that I have a background course of daily work, says Marie Louise Rösiö. 

18 THEY MAKE BUSINESSES MORE MOBILE – WITH CONTAINERS

Many industries require mobile solutions for storage, health care and other specialized functions. By integrating the functions into special containers, Nordic Shelter helps entire businesses to easily move to where they are needed. bns nordic shelter ab is a privately owned they can equip and fit out themselves or a the high mobility is achieved by offering company with sales offices in Sweden and turnkey solution, says Lena Ahlström, Sales steel containers in ISO standard configu- Norway, as well as production in Estonia Manager. rations, but also through its own range of and other parts of Europe. Since 2007, the – Regardless of which type of container it special units built in sandwich construction, company has been selling tailor-made is; rescue container, briefing room, kitchen or from 10 feet up to 20 feet folding containers. container and shelter solutions which meet shower container, you only need to connect Both standard containers and special solu- customer needs and at the same time are electricity and possibly water and drainage. tions are suitable for longer transports which easy to transport. In addition to containers, facilitates international efforts. Nordic Shelter also offers semi-permanent amongst the company's customers are – We have extensive experience in CSC and tactical tents up to the size of hangars. defence organisations, relief organisations certification which is required to ship around The key words are consistent flexibility and and authorities. The Swedish Armed Forces, the world. This means that the containers mobility: everything should be flexible and one of Nordic Shelter’s customers, have for a are approved for shipping on road vehicles, easy to move. long time located many functions to containers trains, boats and aircraft. – We can provide everything customers just because they are so flexible and easy to need, whether its a basic container that freight.

SRS – EXPERTS IN PROTECTIVE SECURITY

The new protective security act was introduced on April 1st. It places high requirements on every- one who runs business enterprises that can be of importance to national security in Sweden. The security company, Scandinavian Risk Solutions (SRS) is expecting a hectic period ahead. businesses and agencies work with the pro- extensive experience of. We are quite unique tection of their assets and the Swedish Armed when it comes to this integrated approach, Forces are constantly sharpening and strength- says Mattias Wallén. ening their capabilities to be able to face the future. But these capabilities are completely martin waern explains that the company has without value if they are not protected. heard from many customers prior to the legis- – We need to secure information not only lative amendment. from a confidentiality perspective, but also – There were probably even more people regarding the availability and integrity of who got in touch in connection with the intro- information, within everything from office duction of GDPR, but this really is a major systems to systems which are critical for the change for those affected by the legislation security-sensitive activities, says Martin Waern, and the number of enquiries will certainly be Mattias Wallén, Head of Cyber Security, together with Manager National Security, at SRS. Martin Waern, Manager National Security at SRS. even greater after April 1st. much has happened since the last protective martin and mattias emphasize that it is now security act was drawn up. Back then it was the new legislation means that all organiza- up to those who run security-sensitive busi- mainly about protecting classified information, tions that have activities which are important nesses to take responsibility for ensuring that whereas today it is primarily about taking a for national security in Sweden must conduct protective security planning and analysies are holistic approach to security-sensitive activities. a security analysis in which key assets and conducted. But which business activities are of A good example is the total defence planning vulnerabilities are identified. From the security real significance for Sweden’s security? that has now begun. The boundaries between analysis, you proceed with a security plan des- – It is easy to understand that the Armed war and peace and military and civilian res- cribing what form the protection should take. Forces are affected, but not the leisure park pectively, have been softened. And the threat Both these steps correspond well with the SRS Gröna Lund in Stockholm. However, there will landscape has changed. concept of systematic security work and the be businesses that are situated somewhere – Today, cyber attacks affect civilian infra- company is now in the process of undertaking between these extremes and where one may structure in peacetime. This means that civilian analyses and educating personnel on site at need to reason as to what extent the legisla- business enterprises are an important part of their customers’ premises. tion is applicable on them. This is where SRS our total defence, explains SRS Head of Cyber – This work is an extension of the SRM (Secu- can provide support with competence and Security, Mattias Wallén. rity Risk Management) method which we have methods, says Mattias Wallén. The companies affected by the new legislation need to carry out a security analysis to facilitate the subsequent planning of protective measures. New security legislation places increased requirements on certain companies

As of April 1, 2019, a new Protective Security increasingly being conducted by pri- Act comes into force in Sweden. In the new law, vate actors. Worthy of note is that the new legislation now takes a business Martin Waern’s amongst other things, there will be greater and perspective and embraces general and tips for business clearer requirements for companies and organi- individual businesses. The protection enterprises zations that conduct security-sensitive activities. of other security-sensitive activities, such as societally important informa- If you know that your company will be Text: Sara Steinholtz Sparby | Photo: Istock, Patrik Lundin tion systems, is also being improved. affected by the legislation, you should get started with a security analysis and plan- Martin Waern says that more ning. There you should identify the core organizations than hitherto will need values and vulnerabilities that exist within – The former protective security act Sweden to function to review their routines and ensure that the business activities in order to then was enacted in 1996 and following as a nation. This they fulfil the requirements, including proceed further and plan protective globalization and development of the covers security- information and cyber security. measures. information society needed an update, sensitive activities – In many cases, the companies says Martin Waern, who has been the and protection of are themselves aware that they are If you are unsure if your company will be affected by the legislation, you should have Inquiry Secretary for the Inquiry on Martin Waern classified information conducting security-sensitive activities, the Protective Security Act. Today, he is that can be found in but of course, there is a grey area where a discussion with your regulatory authority or, for example, initiate one in other Manager National Security at SRS and the Armed Forces, government agen- discussions will be needed. During industry forums to see how others reason. Chairman of the Swedish Security & cies, municipalities and private actors the year, guidance from some of the Defence Industry Association’s mem- e.g. within the energy and telecom national regulatory agencies, such as the Information classification. Review the bers group for protective security. sectors, he continues. Swedish Security Service (Säkerhets- IT System and information and see what – The legislation continues to focus polisen) and Swedish Armed Forces you need to adapt to comply with the on Sweden’s national security and the More private enterprises included (Försvarsmakten) will be issued and new legislation.  things most in need of protection for Security sensitive activities are now serve as a basis for support.

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20 MIPS MEETS CHANGES TO BALLISTIC HELMET TESTING STANDARDS

Ballistic helmets of the future will be expected to do more than simply block shrapnel and projectiles by including testing standards designed to reduce brain injuries.

mips, the leading brain protection system protocols and their assessment document protect from weapons fire and shrapnel, company, is leading the charge towards the identified rotational motion as an important it’s just as crucial that we address the brain tactical helmets of the future by presenting contributor to brain injuries, hemorrhages, injuries that can happen under a wider and discussing a new oblique test method tissue contusions, and vascular tears. Further variety of circumstances. for military helmets. Currently, ballistic helmet studies have shown that approximately testing protocols focus on linear, percussive 327,000 traumatic brain injuries (TBI) have mips and leading body armor brand SAFE4U- impacts from shrapnel, bullets, or other occured from US military activities over a 15 Sweden have collaborated on a helmet to di- debris. MIPS’ proprietary brain protection year period. Of those, the non-battle causes, rectly address these issues for active military systems will answer a new testing standard including blunt traumatic injuries, produced personnel. The S4U-SOF HELMET, a restricted that more fully reflects head trauma threats nearly 50 percent of the hospitalization for product for special forces, offers field-tested that are prevalent in training and on the batt- TBI in Iraq/Afghanistan. The US DoD additio- comfort and is the lightest helmet on the lefield. By accounting for the rotation of the nally recommended that for new generations market for high ballistic performance. Tested head in the milliseconds following an impact, of helmets, the scope of studies should be in the USA Laboratory National Technical new testing can address the shearing forces broader than what is currently being done. Systems NIJ lllA for cold, hot and seawater, the that contribute to many of the brain injuries Research by the same scientists whose work helmet performed with outstanding results. affecting armed forces and law enforcement informed the development of MIPS have The complete helmet weighs just 900g and personnel. been cited in this assessment. offers the MIPS brain protection system. the us department of Defense (DoD), ”we’re in a time of accelerating advance- the s4u-sof helmet is currently on the through the Committee on Review of Test ments in the kind of helmet protection we market and is the first step toward further Protocols Used by the DoD to Test Combat can offer soldiers and law enforcement,” says protecting active duty military personnel. Helmets and the Board on Army Science and Johan Thiel, CEO of MIPS. While producers Learn more about SAFE4U by visiting their Technology recently reviewed their testing should continue to focus on helmets that webpage; safe4u-usa.com

For more information about MIPS, go to: leaf.mipsprotection.com or mipsprotection.com AI, cyber and laser weapons are discussed in Johanne Hilde- brandt’s new youtube series, where every episode is based on a science-fiction film. Laser weapons and biological warfare in new YouTube series

What will the super soldiers of the future look like? another topic, as too are laser weapons, Will there be DNA-designed viruses in a few years AI and cyber. – When I worked as a war correspon- and how does Tom Cruise’s combat uniform in the dent in Sarajevo, I often fantasized about film Edge of Tomorrow work? These are some of the a flying camera able to get pictures from questions journalist and writer, Johanne Hildebrandt, the front line without risking life and limb, now suddenly it’s reality. In one of wants to finds answers to in a new YouTube series. the episodes we will focus just on drones Text: Sara Steinholtz Sparby | Photo: Jörgen Hildebrandt, Istock and think about whether they can even be the air forces of the future.

How do we protect ourselves? Technology of the future from a security can bring new thoughts to those who are In addition to throwing light on new policy perspective is the overall theme of watching and also attract those who are technology and what it can do, the series a forthcoming series, where every episode not so interested in defence issues, she also addresses how we can best protect has its origins in a science fiction film. says, continuing: ”There’s an excessive fear ourselves. Both as a society and as a – Together with experts and practition- – Technological development moves that technology will take private person. ers, we analyse what technology exists fast and is incredibly exciting. Much of over, and I want to have a – Of course, there’s a danger with new today and speculate about what will have what we perceived to be science fiction a technology. We don’t want it to be like in happened within different areas in the few years ago is actually everyday today. discussion about it.” Terminator when Skynet (a fictive com- year 2025, says Johanne Hildebrandt. Back in 1993 I was in Sarajevo, and if johanne hildebrandt puter network) takes over and begins to With a background as a war correspon- anyone had told me then that in 2019 I produce its own robots. At the same time, dent, amongst others during the Balkan would be able to chat with readers via a there’s an excessive fear that technology war, in Iraq and Afghanistan, and as a satellite phone not much larger in size – In Contagion, a mutated virus spreads will take over and I want to initiate a columnist and debater, she is a well than a cigarette packet, I would have itself in the USA. On the basis of this, we discussion about that. Technology is what known face in the defence debate. laughed. can discuss biological warfare. Is it, for we make of it.  – I want to show how much fun it is example, possible that DNA-designed Mutated viruses as weapons with security and defence policy and not viruses can eliminate a specific target and The YouTube series is a co-operation least technology. We start with science Star Wars, Edge of Tomorrow and Con- can the technology save lives? with the Swedish Security and Defence fiction films and dig deep into the sub- tagion are some of the films which serve What the next generation of drones Industry Association and will be posted jects that are addressed. Hopefully, this as the basis for the episodes. will look like and how they will be used is at soff.se/2025 during the spring, 2019.

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Annons SOFF tidning 2019 CMYK stor.indd 1 2019-02-27 19:33 The cyber soldiers will, amongst others, be taught about common vulnerabilities in IT systems and how they can be exploited by an attacker and how they can be addressed. Armed Forces will train cyber soldiers

This autumn, the Swedish The Government has given the Armed Competence provision is always an Armed Forces will launch Forces the task of expanding Sweden’s important issue on the agenda. Patrik cyber capability. In association with this, Ahlgren says that the Armed Forces a pilot project with 30 con- Micael Bydén, Supreme Commander of work in many different ways to find the scripts who will be trained the Swedish Armed Forces, presented right personnel. as cyber soldiers. The a special investment initiative in cyber – We conduct ongoing recruitment soldiers, who would primarily protect and are currently looking for talented Swedish cyber soldiers the Armed Forces’ own systems. programmers. As we strengthen the task will be to strengthen – We will strengthen cyber defence cyber capability we will need to supple- and defend the Armed and our own cyber capability as a whole ment it in new ways. The investment in and this education is a part thereof. cyber soldiers is part of this and we can Forces own societally At the heart of the education will be ”We conduct ongoing already see that there’s a great interest  important IT systems. knowledge and practical skills regarding recruitment and are in future training. how societally important IT systems are Text: Sara Steinholtz Sparby protected and defended against attacks. currently looking for Photo: Bezav Mahmod/Försvarsmakten It’s a pilot project to begin with and the talented programmers.” idea is that the number of cyber soldiers patrik ahlgren will be increased thereafter, says Patrik Further information about the training will be posted on the Ahlgren, colonel and head of the cyber Armed Forces and Recruiting defence department at the Swedish can be addressed. Anyone can apply, but authority’s website in April. Armed Forces General Staff. Patrik Ahlgren says that prior knowled- Enrolment will be conducted ge, for example within programming, Prior knowledge advantageous in the autumn 2019 and spring is a good basis for having the ability to 2020 and drafted during the The conscripts will, amongst other take advantage of the training, together third quarter 2020. things, be taught common vulnera- with attributes such as concentration bilities in IT systems, how they can be ability, logical and analytical capability exploited by an attacker and how they and creativity.

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Pernilla Rönn: ”We need many different competences”

Three questions for Pernilla Rönn, Head of Division Cyber Security at Combitech, Sweden’s largest defence consultancy firm.

Do you think industry could benefit technology, but also law, behavioural from conscripts being trained as cyber changes and raising people’s awareness. soldiers? – I definitely think so! It’s tough recrui- What needs to be done to secure com- ting and retaining competencies in the petence provision in the future? cyber sector, everyone agrees on that. – We co-operate, for example, with If the Armed Forces establish a cyber colleges and universities to achieve soldier education with a high profile, long-term strategies. But it’s about it would be beneficial for the entire starting early, already in elementary business community and for society as school, to generate an interest in a whole. It would be really great and these types of matters. One key issue much welcomed if the Armed Forces is getting more women into the cyber were able to create a super elite force security sector who today only account within cyber security. for around 20%. More women would cover a big part of the deficit. Here at What type of competencies are you Combitech, we also have a talent pro- looking for at Combitech? gramme where we take in people who – Of course, we’re on the hunt for have an academic degree or a burning technical experts, but we need many interest for IT security. They get one other different types of expertise. For year of training from us and also work example, these include social scientists, with the customer. lawyers and human resource experts. Once the year is over, they may BOFORS TEST CENTER Not only do we work in different choose whether they want to stay with areas of the cyber sector that are about us or continue with the customer.  When combat distances in the air increase, long range weapons become even more impor- tant, contends Carl Bergqvist, Commander of the Air Forces’ 72nd Fighter Division.

In the air it’s the technology that counts

Control of airspace is a precondition both for being able to manage other military operations in an ongoing conflict and for civil society to be able to function. Electronic warfare and greater combat distances have created a new situation in the airspace, where the demands on technology and speed are great. Text: Sara Steinholtz Sparby | Photo: Jörgen Nilsson/Försvarsmakten

– The airspace arena is very technology driven. – We must focus on our own primary task, bility it has around Kaliningrad, St. Petersburg Embracing electronic warfare, sensors and wea- which is to maintain our deterrent capability. and the Kola peninsula, says Carl Bergqvist, who pons with long ranges such as cruise missiles, it is Should this fail, we need to be prepared to continues: a constant race against time. Weapons with long sustain an extensive attack and then be able to – This affects the situation around the Baltic ranges will be even more important in the future regroup and fight back. This places great de- Sea. It isn’t possible to say how large the areas as the combat distances increase. Already now mands on, amongst other things, robustness and are, but we know that the zones cover the whole we are talking about hundreds of kilometres, says on the ability to gain informational advantage. of Sweden. We will not have complete freedom Carl Bergqvist, Commander of the Air Forces of action and this is something we must deal 72nd Fighter Division, but perhaps better known with. A2/AD is about both deterrence and as ‘Wiseman’, the name he uses when he blogs ”We must focus on our warfare. It remains a passive threat until the day and tweets about defence issues and matters. primary task, which is to a war breaks out. According to Carl Bergqvist, Sweden is at the forefront of the technological development maintain our deterrent Personnel provision most important of all that is necessary to be able to maintain a sound capability. Should this fail, Following the disbandment of the national air defence. However, he believes that we can be we need to beprepared to Armed Forces resulting from the Defence Act of even better at making use of our own technology 2004, the Air Force now has a number of major by training and educating personnel in the right sustain an extensive attack challenges that must be overcome. Carl Bergqvist way. and then be able to regroup points out that personnel provision is the basis of – We are a small nation but we have a techno- everything. logical edge and ought to be able to capitalize on and fight back.” – A great deal has happened over the past it. We have, amongst others, the JAS 39 Gripen carl bergqvist five, six years where it concerns the Air Force’s that is using the new air-to-air missile, Meteor, capability to defend Sweden, but we still have a the best of its kind in the world. That is the foun- good bit left to go. Whilst maintaining a high dation for everything and so far we are the only A2/AD, Anti-Access/Area Denial is a much level of preparedness in today’s world situation, air force in the world to operate it. We will never discussed military term and something that, we must at the same time be able to grow. Our be superior in terms of numbers, so we will have amongst others, air defence needs to take into greatest challenge concerns personnel. We have to invest in tactical superiority. consideration. It describes when a country takes the technology and materiel, but we need to get control and locks out an enemy from a geograph- hold of people we can train in the right way. Reactive military strategy a challenge ical area or airspace, including through a mobile The reintroduction of conscription was a step Air forces are used most effectively offensively network of sensors and long range weapons. in the right direction, but we need to do more or proactively. Carl Bergqvist highlights the – China began making use of A2/AD to coun- than that. Among other things, by trying to fact that a core challenge for Sweden is that the ter the US American superiority in the Pacific reinstate personnel who have left and ensuring Armed Forces will never launch the first military Ocean. For our part today, it is primarily about that those who work within the Armed Forces strike against another country. keeping eyes on Russia and the military capa- want to stay. 

26 27 ANNONS HELA DENNA BILAGA ÄR EN ANNONS FRÅN SÄKERHETS- OCH FÖRSVARSFÖRETAGEN ANNONS

Building total 2 defence capability 7

Products and systems, integrated into functions to deliver a capability

• Standard vehicle – Product – large partner – 1 33 • Radio systems – Products – large partner – 2 • Sensor/ Antenna/ Radar – Product – large partner – 2 6

• Mast system – Product – medium partner – 3 Delivering

Understanding • Integration components (thousands) – many small partners - 4 5 37 • Protected container – Product – SES – 5 1 • Modified and customized vehicle –System – SES37 – 6 2 • Mobile sensor system – function – SES37 – 7 4 • Monitoring territory – Capability

ystem Engineering Solutions For example, today’s mobile field To SMEs SES37 is a coordinating part- 37 AB (SES37) helps the govern- hospitals must be designed and equip- ner, with the ability to meet the rigours S ments of Europe to deal with one ped for domestic military. use as well of public tendering, provide in-depth of the largest challenges they face. as for natural disasters and terrorist at- understanding of capability require- tacks in other European countries, and ments, coordinate offerings and take After more than 20 years of constant in refugee crises outside Europe. charge and deliver on time. underinvestment in civilian and military Today, military and civilian procure- readiness, European governments are ment agencies look for suppliers who To the large players in the defence now rebuilding capabilities to deal with can provide functions and caapabilities industry, SES37 is a partner who can growing threats to national security, in which products, systems and solu- complement high-complexity solutions such as military and terrorist attacks, tions are already integrated. They have with less complex components, such natural disasters, cybercrimes, and neither the time nor the resources for as mobile combat control centres for large flows of refugees. this task. state-of-the-art weapon systems.

The expenditures on defence and SES37 allows governments to benefit SES37 grows by extending its network security are set to increase from from the combined power of large of partners and acquires SMEs where around 1.5 % to 2 % of the GDP in order defence industries and SMEs. they provide synergies with existing to partly regain the previous capability subsidiaries. level. The European Union is investing SES37 has senior advisors and tech heavily in programs allowing SMEs to experts with unrivalled insights into play a part. what capabilities procurement agen- cies require, the technology and pro- Increasingly, governments adopt a ducts available, as well as the ability to “Total Defence” perspective, deman- combine and integrate products and ding solutions that can be deployed solutions into tender winning offerings, cross societal functions and cross with the desired quality and on time. borders. SAFE, SECURE COMMUNICATION IN VULNERABLE ENVIRONMENTS

OPERATIONAL UNIT THAT CONDUCTS ARMED CONFLICT

Specialist IN THE CYBER ARENA in communication for critical industries! 15 years have passed since the Armed Forces’ IT defence unit, ITF, commenced with the recruitment of its first members. Since then, the unit has grown constantly making it a challenge to find new SEPURA STP9000 SEPURA SC20 ICOM LTE-RADIO personnel with the right skills and competencies.

A COMPANY IN THE VHF GROUP as technology has developed and we become ever more dependent on various IT solutions throughout society, so too have attacks on the Armed Forces IT systems increased. 054-67 05 10 | www.srsab.se Follow us for Attempts to intercept or disturb the systems have also become current news more complicated and something the Armed Forces has countered with a larger and more focused IT defence unit that protects both information and Command & Control systems. – It’s important for us to continuously keep abreast of deve- lopments in technology and invest in skills development, says Lieutenant Colonel, Fredrik Maxén, Head of the IT defence unit (ITF).

personell in the unit are carefully selected and the work is pursued on several fronts. At the Computer Emergency Respon- se Team (CERT), soldiers work preventively by searching for vul- nerabilities in the systems and address any gaps found. In turn, at the Security Operation Center (SOC), it’s about monitoring the system and getting involved when the attacks come. – Here it’s important to understand the complexity of the adversary’s capabilities and to be so alert and sharp that we are always one step ahead of whoever is attempting to infringe, insists Fredrik Maxén. The unit also works with the training of personnel within the Armed Forces so that everyone maintains good, sound IT security. All activities are undertaken in close co-operation with the civil authorities with the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency/ Noise, vibration & shock control solutions MSB (Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap) taking and services for military applications. www.vibratec.se the lead.

fredrik maxén points out that personnel in the ITF are soldiers in a response unit that should be ready to be called upon when an alert mode is triggered. It is this combination of computer science with military involvement that has attracted many of the cyber soldiers to join the unit. – We will need to grow further still, but it is a challenge to recruit the right competencies so that we can continue to maintain our edge.

who are those who you hope will apply to join the unit? WE’RE IN IT – I’m primarily thinking of young people who have been edu- cated in computer science at college or university. But it could TOGETHER also be interesting with those who have had computers as an interest for many years and are self-taught, says Fredrik Maxén.

WWW.TAIGA.SE | 0340-66 69 00

29 How to succeed in defence acquisition in the Nordic region

Syntell has over 20 years experience of often the complexity in the systems DEx which is implemented in several successful defence acquisition in the come from interfaces to other systems, industries in the Nordic region as well Nordic region, supporting both suppliers ambiguous requirements, constraints as in the Defence Procurement Agencies and procurement organizations. Here and dependencies – complexities which in Sweden, Norway and Finland. are a few tips if you want to succeed in need a systems engineering approach. gaining business as well as delivering For over 20 years Syntell has increased Syntell is also the initiator of Configuration according to stakeholder expectations. the systems engineering capability Management (CM) Forum, which is in the Nordic area by providing a network for CM practitioners in the Build up your after market capability consultant support and training. Nordic area, see www.cmforum.se Surprisingly many suppliers see themselves as system suppliers and Manage your requirements and forget that the customer wants support system configuration services during the lifetime of the system. Analyzing customer requirements The business opportunities in the after and breaking them down into system Tampere/ market can be greater than the initial requirements that can be understood by Helsinki Oslo sales value of the system. Important to the design engineers is key to fulfilling Arto Alnehäll, Business Area Manager, at Syntell. understand is that after market is much customer expectations. Doing this in a Stockholm more than just spare parts. Syntell has structured way provides clear traceability - ”We see an increasing demand for our consulting support and training courses in the Nordic Region. recently helped one supplier win their between the agreement and the delivered Öresund As an example: Scandinavian Summer School Week largest deal ever, by helping them to system and its parts. This is one essential (our one week training event annually in Stockholm implement life cycle view to their offering. element in configuration management, archipelago in August) attracted about 40% students which in turn facilitates change from Norway, Finland and Germany, says Arto Implement systems engineering management and system upgrades – Alnehäll, business area manager at Syntell.” into your development projects and thereby new business opportunities. Do you want to know more? Contact Many suppliers are great at design. They Syntell presence in the Nordic region Arto at [email protected] have excellent mechanical, electrical Syntell has developed a framework Phone: +46-76-3949032 and software engineers. However, for requirements management called

ABOUT SYNTELL Established since 1994, and with headquarters in Stockholm, Syntell is now operating worldwide with our clients. We have further representations in Sweden, UK, Norway and Finland. We are a mid-sized consultancy firm with over 50 highly qualified and experienced staff, exceeding 12 MEUR in reve- nues while being AAA credit rated. This makes us a long-term and reliable supplier, partner and employer. www.syntell.se

Together we are building the future cyber defence

the digitalisation has created able to integrate protective security, The Swedish total defence capa- Secan supports its clients to find many possibilities in all of the society. cybersecurity and continuity planning. bility is under development in solutions to complex risk and security Unfortunately, cybersecurity has not Furthermore, we need to understand Sweden. The planning for the challenges in the areas of: developed in the same pace. This has the threats we will be facing. • Governance, Risk & Compliance total defence is picking up speed. created a security debt, which beco- (GRC) The cyber defence is a crucial mes obvious in the planning for total secana has deep knowledge and • Continuity, incident and crisis component of this, first when we defence. In order to create a resilient experience whitin these areas. We management have achieved a level of cyber society the organisations participating offers advice and support in the • Cybersecurity in the total defence must design its development and execution of your security which will protect society’s • Systematic security management cybersecurity so that it will protect total defence planning. Together we vital information and systems • Research and innovation. can develop your cyber defence in through the whole scale of conflict society’s essential information and systems through all the escalation a rational manner, which will also Together with our clients we contribute will we have created a resilient levels from peace through the grey strengthen your organisation in its to strengthen the cyber defence. society. We need to develop a zone of conflict all the way to, in worst every day operation! www.secana.se/en strong cyber defence together. case, war. To do this one need to be INCREASING COMPLEXITY DEMANDS SMARTER CABLE SOLUTIONS

At Habia, engineers and technical experts develop high-end customized cables and harnesses for the defense industry all over the world.

Manufacturing cable solutions for the de- be as lightweight as possible, which ma- Australian, Canadian, Indian and German fense industry is no easy feat. The cable and kes them more complicated to design and armed forces, to name a few. harness must meet strict standards and often manufacture. ”Previously, many of our customers had be able to cope with high stress, such as ex- ”It is easy to believe that cables are simple their own cable experts, today we are their treme temperatures, pressure, different types things, but the area is actually very complica- experts. We are among other things a major of liquids, mechanical damage and fire. ted”, Gustafsson says. supplier to the new submarine projects Habia Cable AB was founded in 1941 and around the world. If you have a problem that has designed and manufactured cables and Habia manufactures cables and harnesses you think can be solved with a cable solution, components for the defense industry since the for a variety of industries, but the defense then we can fix it”, Gustafsson says. l late fifties. industry is a key sector. The company focuses ”We are the only cable manufacturer in mainly on solutions for marine platforms, Northern Europe that can meet the high both surface vessels and submarines, and Habia is a custom design and demands placed on cables and harnesses combat vehicles on the army side. production partner for specialised for the defense industry,” Habia has a set of standard cables, but cable and connectivity needs all over Thorbjörn Gustafsson, VP does mostly custom jobs. the world. As a trusted supplier of of Sales and Marketing at ”We are more of an engineering company, cables and harnesses for harsh Habia, says. and like to work closely with our customers to environments and demanding app- And the demands keep solve their problems”, Gustafsson says. lications since 1941, Habia has the growing. As the complex- For this reason, the company employs knowledge and experience to solve ity of defense materials engineers and doctors in technology, such as seemingly impossible problems in increases, including more polymer technology, who knows plastics and power supply and connectivity – from advanced computer materials and how they affect each other. systems and the The task is often to pack several signals and the ocean floor up to the starry skies use of sensors, functions into one cable. It may be a com- and everywhere in between. Our cables must be bination of fiber and regular copper cables, designers and engineers are half able to transfer and perhaps a component for compressed scientists, half inventors and fully ever greater air. A cable can also have a bearing function, committed to finding the right amounts of in which case kevlar and other strong materi- solutions power and als have to be included. data. At the Habia products can be found in many same time, different types of defense systems all over the they must world. End-users include the Swedish, French, INNOVATION INTEGRATION

Combining the innovative forces from SMEs with big companies cutting edge technology, integrating these products to important innovative functions and by the combination delivering operational capabilities to the Total Defence.

Contact information: System Engineering Solutions 37 AB, Ringsjövägen 9, 243 00 Höör, Sweden • [email protected] • www.sesinteg.com 32