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The Maritime Environment of the Baltic Sea- Europe on Condition That the States Aro­ And, De Facto, an Alliance

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The Maritime Environment of the Baltic Sea- Europe on Condition That the States Aro­ And, De Facto, an Alliance TIDSKRIFT I SJÖVÅ.SENDET 1771 MED FÖRSTÅN D OCH STYRKA UTGES AV KU~GL ÖRLOGSMANNASÄLLSKAPET N:r 3 2001 PROCEEDINGS BALTIC FUTURE 2001 TIDSKRIFT I SJÖVÄSENDET FÖRSTA UTGIVNINGSÅR 1836 KUNGL ÖRLOGSMANNASÄLLSKAPET KARLSKRONA POSTG IRO 125 J 7- 9 BANKGIRO 446-3220 Redaktör och ansvarig utgivare: Kommendörkapten LARS WIGERT, FMV, 115 88 Stockholm, Telefon: 08-782 63 85, Telefax: 08-782 44 56. Kungl. Örlogsmannasällskapets postadress: Box 13025, 103 01 Stockholm. Annonser: MARGARETA JOHANSSON, Mälby l, 148 95 Muskö, Telefon: 08-500 454 76, Telefax 08-500 456 79. Contents Ekonomi och prenumerationer: Kommendör l.gr JAN BRING, Kantatvägen 27, 131 40 Nacka, Telefon: 08-716 73 38, Telefax: 08-466 97 92. Tidskrift i Sjöväsendet utkommer i regel med 4 häften per år. Prenumerationspris 100 kronor Baltic Future 2001 - background and aim ................................... 191 per år inom Sverige, 150 kr utrikes. Prenumeration sker endast genom att avgiften insätts på post­ girokonto 125 17-9. Bertil Björkman l nbetalningskort utsänds med första häftet årligen. Opening remarks .......................................................................... 195 Införda artiklar, recensioner, o dyl honoreras med c:a 50 kronor per sida. För införd artikel, som av KÖMS anses särskilt förtjänt, kan författaren belönas med sällska­ pets medalj och/eller penningpris. A historical retrospect Bestämmelser för Kungl. Örlogsmannasällskapets tävlingsskrifter återfinns i häftena nr l och 4. Bo Huldt The Baltic Sea Region - Security in a Historical Perspective ...... 197 Security building activities Sven-Eric Söder Enhanced trade - enhanced security .... .. .................................... 203 Östersiöinstitutet/The Baltic Institute An Information Centre, a Prompter and a Broker in the Baltic Sea Region. Marie Jacobsson The Baltic Sea from perspective of international la w .................. 209 The Baltic Institute supports the decentralised cooperation in Marie Hafström the Baltic Sea Region with special emphasis on the southern part of the region Go-operation in the Baltic Sea Region against border criminal activity .......... .. .................................................. ... 215 lt has developed a wide network and a Iot of experiences from Göran Larsbrink concrete project in the region lt is the only Swedish organisation with a representative office Monitoring and control for the benefit of a more in Ka li ningrad secure Baltic Sea ......................... .............................. .................. 223 Claes Tornberg An ambassador, adviser to the board, maintains a close relation with the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. Baltic maritime security within a network centric For further information please visit ca-operation concept ...... ... ............................ ............ .. ......... ...... 225 vwvvv. balticinstitute se r:+' and www ballad arg ~ How to make the Baltic Sea more secure for the future? Vladimir Egorov lmproving the Security System on the Baltic Sea and in the Baltic Region .................. .. ............ ............................... 231 JSSN 0040-6945 189 Abrahamsons Tryckeri AB, Karlskrona 200 1 Atis Leijns Baltic Future 2001 - Background and aim Baltic Sea Security -The Baltic Viewpoint ............................... ... 235 Troels Fröling The development of events around the want to maintain or improve the high How to make the Baltic Sea more secure for the Baltic has, for over a thousand years, standard of living that we enjoy. T11is re­ Future? A Danish perspective ...................................................... 239 been characterised by a continually quires peace, security and efficient struc­ changing power play. There are three tures for trade. l t requires a political, eco­ Tomas Ries main centres: orre in the east, the Russian nomic and social stability. l t also requires Baltic Security -A vie w from Finland ........................................... 245 area, orre in the west, Sweden and orre in that those elements that provide us with Jaroslaw Dziedzic the south, the fluctuating constellatians security and those elements that contri­ Ca-operation in the Baltic Sea Region -as viewed of the German and Polish nations. Over bute to our development be secured, re­ the last decade, we have experienced the gardless of where they exist. from a Polish perspective ............................................................ 253 latest tum of events in this power play. We all want to have reliable neigh­ Helmut Hubel After World War II, German y was no bours, not at !east as a buffer against un­ The future of security in the Baltic Sub-region - a longer a functioning state while the certainty and instability. We all want to USSR re-emerged as the most important have well-functioning forums for security German perspective ..................................................................... 257 power in the Baltic area with control of policy ca-ordination and we all want to Dag Hartelius the coast from the Gulf of Finland to LU­ maintain and, in the majority of ca ses, de­ Enhancing Security in the Baltic Sea Region - beck. velop the central institutions of the EU. Swedish Contributions and Views ............................................... 263 After the building up and unification Most of the export and import of ra w of East and West Germany, the country materials and finished products are The evironmental aspects has oriented itself again to the contirrent transported by sea to, from and within after the fall of the Soviet Union and the the area. The sea lanes and the free flow Anders Wijkman dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, primarily of ra w materials and processed products The Baltic Sea and its environment- a joint obligation ............... 267 through the EU. This has resulted in a to and from the harbours on the Baltic power vacuum in the south-eastern cor­ Approaches and around the Baltic Sea, is Sven-Erik Al hem ner of the Baltic Sea. Once again, and the basis on which the countries prosper­ The Commission of dumping oil - consequences now orre of nine independent nations, ity rests. Fre e access to the sea lanes th­ for the Baltic Sea and its c oastal states ...................................... 273 Sweden has become the geographically rough the straits between Sweden, Den­ dominant state in the Baltic Sea area. mark and Germany will always be of ma­ Jan Berglöw Against this background of many jor strategic significance to the nations in Green sh i ps- the environment, a cancern for us all ............ ....... 275 centuries of changing conditions, i t would the Baltic area. Catharina Ringborg appear optimistic to assume t hat a sustai­ Today, Denmark, Finland, Germany nable situation in the Baltic Sea area has and Sweden are members of the EU and The water purification project in Kaliningrad ............................... 281 now been attained. T11e region can be in­ an integrated part of European security. Björn Ganning tegrated in a stable way into a unified The European Union is a peace project The maritime environment of the Baltic Sea- Europe on condition that the states aro­ and, de facto, an alliance. Is it wort h protecting? .................................................................. 287 und the Baltic Sea are weil integrated in The Baltic involvement together with the international community that has a the ambition of wishing to contribute to Mats Lindemalm domirrating influence in the area. peace and security in the surrounding Short summary from the panel debates ...................................... 291 world, the states around the Baltic Sea Key interests have common interests which have in­ The basis of this will be the will to main­ creased radically during the last decade. tain freedom and democracy. We all also Both Finland and Denmark are intima- 190 191 tely invalved in Estonia Latvia, and Lit­ statesthat govern this development It is ern Europe passes through the Polish where policing is poor. The seas around huania. German y is in volved in Lithuani­ also a duty for the states to ensure that, and north German coast, and in addition the states provide a suitable transport an while for Poland; Lithuanian stability from the Baltic Approaches to th e Baltic there is a tendency to avoid the traffic route. To make smuggling more difficult, is of vital interest Germany has shown area and from northern Germany and bottleneeks common in western Germa­ i t is necessary for theseasto be effective­ marginal interes t, at least for the time be­ Poland to Spitsbergen, those internatio­ ny and France. ly controlied and monitored and be pos­ i ng as this sub-region is relatively secure. nal agreements are adhered to. The vali­ In this context, it is not on ly sea trans­ sible to board vessels and carry out in­ If we focus on the Baltic Sea, free Iines of dity of the tractates on Åland, The Sound port that is of current interest The build­ spections. [n this con text, illegal immigra­ communication and the security of the and Spitsbergen should not be questio­ up and Iinking of energy supplies, with tion is also a problem and one that has to Baltic area is of vital interest ned. Sweden, in the centre of this area power cables and gas pipelines is a vital be dealt with in the framework of the la w. When stability is so dependent on se­ has the longest coastline, can not stand national requirement for the safe and se­ This requires that we not only monitor curity in the Baltic area, then security aside from the responsibility this e ntails. cure development of
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