10. Research in Norwegian Language History 1850-1950. an Overview
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The Anason Family in Rogaland County, Norway and Juneau County, Wisconsin Lawrence W
Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Faculty Publications Library Faculty January 2013 The Anason Family in Rogaland County, Norway and Juneau County, Wisconsin Lawrence W. Onsager Andrews University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/library-pubs Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Onsager, Lawrence W., "The Anason Family in Rogaland County, Norway and Juneau County, Wisconsin" (2013). Faculty Publications. Paper 25. http://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/library-pubs/25 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Library Faculty at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ANASON FAMILY IN ROGALAND COUNTY, NORWAY AND JUNEAU COUNTY, WISCONSIN BY LAWRENCE W. ONSAGER THE LEMONWEIR VALLEY PRESS Berrien Springs, Michigan and Mauston, Wisconsin 2013 ANASON FAMILY INTRODUCTION The Anason family has its roots in Rogaland County, in western Norway. Western Norway is the area which had the greatest emigration to the United States. The County of Rogaland, formerly named Stavanger, lies at Norway’s southwestern tip, with the North Sea washing its fjords, beaches and islands. The name Rogaland means “the land of the Ryger,” an old Germanic tribe. The Ryger tribe is believed to have settled there 2,000 years ago. The meaning of the tribal name is uncertain. Rogaland was called Rygiafylke in the Viking age. The earliest known members of the Anason family came from a region of Rogaland that has since become part of Vest-Agder County. -
Teaching Immigrants Norwegian Culture to Support Their Language Learning
International Education Studies; Vol. 6, No. 3; 2013 ISSN 1913-9020 E-ISSN 1913-9039 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Teaching Immigrants Norwegian Culture to Support Their Language Learning Awal Mohammed Alhassan1 & Ahmed Bawa Kuyini2 1 Adult Education Unit, Pb 1306, 1401 Ski, Norway 2 School of Education, University of New England, Australia Correspondence: Kuyini Ahmed Bawa, School of Education, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. Tel: 61-267-733-676. E-mail: [email protected] Received: December 17, 2012 Accepted: December 25, 2012 Online Published: January 15, 2013 doi:10.5539/ies.v6n3p15 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n3p15 Abstract This study was conducted with 48 adult immigrant students studying Norwegian under basic education program of the Ski Municipality Adult Education Unit between 2009-2011. Using the framework of Genc and Bada (2005), we tried to replicate their study in new setting –Norway. The study investigated migrant students’ perceptions learning Norwegian culture and its effects on their learning of the Norwegian language. The participants responded to a set of questionnaire and one open-ended question adapted from Bada (2000) and Genc and Bada (2005). Descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis procedures were used to analyse the data. The results showed that teaching culture to immigrant students raised their cultural awareness of their own and the Norwegian society. It also improved both their language skills and attitudes to the Norwegian culture. The study revealed some similarity between the students’ views and the theoretical benefits of a culture class as argued by some experts in the field. -
Språknytt 4/2017
TEMA: 1917-rettskrivingen 100 år 45. ÅRGANG 4 I 2017 18 Språknytt Kari bisp side 6 Leder Innhold 4 I 2017 3 Nye navn i nye kommuner Språkprosjektet 5 Språkbrukeren som sette spor 6 Intervjuet I år er det 100 år sidan tilnærminga mellom dei to nor ske målformene for alvor starta, med rettskrivings reforma av 1917. I den nasjonale bølgja som prega landet den gongen, låg mykje til rette for at Noreg skulle få eit fellesnorsk skriftspråk. Både i riksmålsrørsla og blant målfolk var det mange som var positivt innstilte til å møtast «på midten». Men slik kom det ikkje til å gå. 10 Ord i grenseland 1917reforma la opp til ei forsiktig og gradvis til nærming mellom målformene. Som de kan lesa om i 12 Ordbøkene rett i lomma dette bladet, står ho i ettertida fram som ei på mange 13 Revisjon av ordbøkene måtar svært vellukka reform. Folket tok imot mange av 14 En verden av klarspråk til Norge dei lite radikale endringane med opne armar. Når det 15 Djuptloddande prisvinnar gjeld dei meir radikale forandringane, var saka ei anna. 16 Løype! Då desse vart obligatoriske med 1938reforma, vart 17 Med andre ord motstanden større enn ein trudde. Det er fleire grunnar til at samnorskprosjektet kol 18 Reformen som satte spor lapsa enn 1938reforma i seg sjølv. Likevel kan me læra 22 Intervjuer med Torp, for ettertida at grunnleggande og småe rettskrivings Guttu, Hoel og Munkvold endringar blir tekne betre imot enn store og radikale. I så måte er 1917reforma eit godt føredøme. -
The Norse Element in the Orkney Dialect Donna Heddle
The Norse element in the Orkney dialect Donna Heddle 1. Introduction The Orkney and Shetland Islands, along with Caithness on the Scottish mainland, are identified primarily in terms of their Norse cultural heritage. Linguistically, in particular, such a focus is an imperative for maintaining cultural identity in the Northern Isles. This paper will focus on placing the rise and fall of Orkney Norn in its geographical, social, and historical context and will attempt to examine the remnants of the Norn substrate in the modern dialect. Cultural affiliation and conflict is what ultimately drives most issues of identity politics in the modern world. Nowhere are these issues more overtly stated than in language politics. We cannot study language in isolation; we must look at context and acculturation. An interdisciplinary study of language in context is fundamental to the understanding of cultural identity. This politicising of language involves issues of cultural inheritance: acculturation is therefore central to our understanding of identity, its internal diversity, and the porousness or otherwise of a language or language variant‘s cultural borders with its linguistic neighbours. Although elements within Lowland Scotland postulated a Germanic origin myth for itself in the nineteenth century, Highlands and Islands Scottish cultural identity has traditionally allied itself to the Celtic origin myth. This is diametrically opposed to the cultural heritage of Scotland‘s most northerly island communities. 2. History For almost a thousand years the language of the Orkney Islands was a variant of Norse known as Norroena or Norn. The distinctive and culturally unique qualities of the Orkney dialect spoken in the islands today derive from this West Norse based sister language of Faroese, which Hansen, Jacobsen and Weyhe note also developed from Norse brought in by settlers in the ninth century and from early Icelandic (2003: 157). -
How Uniform Was the Old Norse Religion?
II. Old Norse Myth and Society HOW UNIFORM WAS THE OLD NORSE RELIGION? Stefan Brink ne often gets the impression from handbooks on Old Norse culture and religion that the pagan religion that was supposed to have been in Oexistence all over pre-Christian Scandinavia and Iceland was rather homogeneous. Due to the lack of written sources, it becomes difficult to say whether the ‘religion’ — or rather mythology, eschatology, and cult practice, which medieval sources refer to as forn siðr (‘ancient custom’) — changed over time. For obvious reasons, it is very difficult to identify a ‘pure’ Old Norse religion, uncorroded by Christianity since Scandinavia did not exist in a cultural vacuum.1 What we read in the handbooks is based almost entirely on Snorri Sturluson’s representation and interpretation in his Edda of the pre-Christian religion of Iceland, together with the ambiguous mythical and eschatological world we find represented in the Poetic Edda and in the filtered form Saxo Grammaticus presents in his Gesta Danorum. This stance is more or less presented without reflection in early scholarship, but the bias of the foundation is more readily acknowledged in more recent works.2 In the textual sources we find a considerable pantheon of gods and goddesses — Þórr, Óðinn, Freyr, Baldr, Loki, Njo3rðr, Týr, Heimdallr, Ullr, Bragi, Freyja, Frigg, Gefjon, Iðunn, et cetera — and euhemerized stories of how the gods acted and were characterized as individuals and as a collective. Since the sources are Old Icelandic (Saxo’s work appears to have been built on the same sources) one might assume that this religious world was purely Old 1 See the discussion in Gro Steinsland, Norrøn religion: Myter, riter, samfunn (Oslo: Pax, 2005). -
Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present (Impact: Studies in Language and Society)
<DOCINFO AUTHOR ""TITLE "Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present"SUBJECT "Impact 18"KEYWORDS ""SIZE HEIGHT "220"WIDTH "150"VOFFSET "4"> Germanic Standardizations Impact: Studies in language and society impact publishes monographs, collective volumes, and text books on topics in sociolinguistics. The scope of the series is broad, with special emphasis on areas such as language planning and language policies; language conflict and language death; language standards and language change; dialectology; diglossia; discourse studies; language and social identity (gender, ethnicity, class, ideology); and history and methods of sociolinguistics. General Editor Associate Editor Annick De Houwer Elizabeth Lanza University of Antwerp University of Oslo Advisory Board Ulrich Ammon William Labov Gerhard Mercator University University of Pennsylvania Jan Blommaert Joseph Lo Bianco Ghent University The Australian National University Paul Drew Peter Nelde University of York Catholic University Brussels Anna Escobar Dennis Preston University of Illinois at Urbana Michigan State University Guus Extra Jeanine Treffers-Daller Tilburg University University of the West of England Margarita Hidalgo Vic Webb San Diego State University University of Pretoria Richard A. Hudson University College London Volume 18 Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present Edited by Ana Deumert and Wim Vandenbussche Germanic Standardizations Past to Present Edited by Ana Deumert Monash University Wim Vandenbussche Vrije Universiteit Brussel/FWO-Vlaanderen John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements 8 of American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Germanic standardizations : past to present / edited by Ana Deumert, Wim Vandenbussche. -
Sprog I Norden
Sprog i Norden Titel: Knud Knudsen (1812–1895): norsk skole- og språkreformator og skandinavist Forfatter: Arne Torp Kilde: Sprog i Norden, 2012, s. 1-19 [i hæftet: s. 119-138] URL: http://ojs.statsbiblioteket.dk/index.php/sin/issue/archive © Dansk Sprognævn Betingelser for brug af denne artikel Denne artikel er omfattet af ophavsretsloven, og der må citeres fra den. Følgende betingelser skal dog være opfyldt: • Citatet skal være i overensstemmelse med „god skik“ • Der må kun citeres „i det omfang, som betinges af formålet“ • Ophavsmanden til teksten skal krediteres, og kilden skal angives, jf. ovenstående bibliografiske oplysninger. Søgbarhed Artiklerne i de ældre numre af Sprog i Norden (1970-2004) er skannet og OCR-behandlet. OCR står for ’optical character recognition’ og kan ved tegngenkendelse konvertere et billede til tekst. Dermed kan man søge i teksten. Imidlertid kan der opstå fejl i tegngenkendelsen, og når man søger på fx navne, skal man være forberedt på at søgningen ikke er 100 % pålidelig. Knud Knudsen (1812–1895): norsk skole- og språkreformator og skandinavist Arne Torp Ivar Aasen (1813–1896) og Knud Knudsen (1813–1896) er de to store navna i norsk språkhistorie på 1800-tallet, men Aasen er nok vesentlig bedre kjent både i Norge og ellers i verden enn Knudsen. Dette er heller ikke så merkelig: Aasen grunnla nemlig den ene av de to offisielle norske målformene, lands- målet eller nynorsken, men Knudsens andel i bokmålet eller riksmålet består i at han var den ivrigste pådriveren for å fornorske dansken, som det ble kalt. Utgangspunktet hans var da den uttalen av dansk skriftspråk som var vanlig i den norske overklassa, den såkalte dannede dagligtale. -
Norwegian; a Comprehensive Grammar
Norwegian A Comprehensive Grammar Norwegian: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to modern Norwegian (the Bokmål standard). The Grammar is an essential source for the serious student of Norwegian, and for students of compar- ative linguistics. It is ideal for use in colleges, universities and adult classes of all types. The volume is organised to promote a thorough understanding of Norwegian grammar. It presents the complexities of Norwegian in a concise and read- able form. Explanations are full, clear and free of jargon. Throughout, the emphasis is on Norwegian as used by present-day native speakers. An extensive index, numbered paragraphs, cross-references and summary charts provide readers with easy access to the information they require. Philip Holmes is Reader Emeritus in Scandinavian Studies at the University of Hull, UK, and co-author of four grammars of Swedish and Danish for Routledge, as well as Colloquial Swedish (2016). Hans-Olav Enger is Professor of Scandinavian Linguistics at Institutt for lingvistiske og nordiske studier at Oslo University, Norway. He has edited Norsk Lingvistisk Tidsskrift, is currently editor of Maal og Minne and is the author of many articles and book chapters on the Norwegian language, as well as co-author of Innføring i norsk grammatikk – Morfologi og syntaks. Routledge Comprehensive Grammars Comprehensive Grammars are available for the following languages: Bengali Burmese Cantonese Chinese Catalan Cantonese Danish Dutch Finnish French Creoles Greek Indonesian Japanese Kazakh Korean -
Germanic Languages 825 IV. NORWEGIAN STUDIES*
Germanic Languages 825 IV. NORWEGIAN STUDIES* LANGUAGE By Arne Kruse, Lecturer in Norwegian, School of European Languages and Cultures, University of Edinburgh 1. General A general presentation in German of the Norwegian language and current language situation is H. Sandøy’s contribution, pp. 865–905 in Nation und Sprache. Die Diskussion ihres Verha¨ltnisses in Geschichte und Gegenwart, ed. Andreas Gardt, Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter. Martin Skjekkeland, Tysk-danske la˚nord i nynorsk og i bygdema˚la. Om ein frisk debatt- og om ei gransking av ordtilfanget i to bygdema˚l (Forskningsserien no. 16), Agder College, 1999, 130 pp., contributes to the discussion about German/Danish loan-words in Nynorsk with an investigation into the actual usage of such words in two local dialects. Other contribu- tions to this debate are by G. Akselberg, pp. 25–35 of 7. Møde om Udforskningen af Dansk Sprog, ed. Peter Widell and Mette Kunøe, Aarhus U.P., 1999, and among others, H. Sandøy, pp. 209–24 of the report Spra˚kbrukeren — fri til a˚ velge? Artikler om homogen og heterogen spra˚knorm, ed. Helge Omdal (Research series no. 17), Kristiansand, Agder College, 1999, 234 pp. The entire report focuses on theoretical and practical implications of restrictive vs. liberal norms for written Norwegian, and questions the validity of the claim that the many optional forms in Bokma˚l and Nynorsk are to the benefit of the user of written Norwegian. The three following books are published in the series ‘Publications of the Ivar Aasen Institute’: Ny-Noreg møter Svensk-Finland, ed. S. J. Walton, Volda, Volda College, 47 pp., is a compilation of five articles which compare the situations for Nynorsk and Swedish in Finland. -
Norsk Ordbok - the Crown of Nynorsk Lexicography?
Lars S. Vik0r, Sectionfor Norwegian Lexicography, University ofOslo Norsk Ordbok - the Crown of Nynorsk Lexicography? Abstract Norsk Ordbok 'Norwegian Dictionary' is a multi-volume dictionary of the Norwegian standard variety Nynorsk and the Norwegian dialects. It is one of the very few dictionaries which cover both a written standard language and the oral dialects on which this standard is based. It was initiated around 1930, based on dialect material collected by volunteers and stored in a vast card archive, and on a variety of written sources. At present, three oftwelve planned volumes have appeared, reaching into g. The paper gives a historical outline of the project, followed by a brief description of its structure and the types of information it gives. This is exemplified by the treatment of one particular word, bunad. Finally, some fundamental problems are briefly discussed: 1) the selection of lemmas, 2) the character of the sources, 3) the treatment of dialect forms, 4) the sequence of definitions. The full title of Norsk Ordbok is Norsk Ordbok. Ordbok over det norske folkemâlet og det nynorske skriftmâlet 'Norwegian Dictionary. A dic tionary of the Norwegian popular language [i.e. the Norwegian dialects], and the Nynorsk written language'. This title at once indicates the dual aspect of the dictionary: It gives integrated coverage of both oral dialects and a written standard language. This dual aspect is the most special distinguishing feature of Norsk Ordbok as a lexicographic work. Normally, dictionaries cover written standard languages or some aspect of them (or, in the case of pro nouncing dictionaries, oral standard language). -
The Position of Frisian in the Germanic Language Area Charlotte
The Position of Frisian in the Germanic Language Area Charlotte Gooskens and Wilbert Heeringa 1. Introduction Among the Germanic varieties the Frisian varieties in the Dutch province of Friesland have their own position. The Frisians are proud of their language and more than 350,000 inhabitants of the province of Friesland speak Frisian every day. Heeringa (2004) shows that among the dialects in the Dutch language area the Frisian varieties are most distant with respect to standard Dutch. This may justify the fact that Frisian is recognized as a second official language in the Netherlands. In addition to Frisian, in some towns and on some islands a mixed variety is used which is an intermediate form between Frisian and Dutch. The variety spoken in the Frisian towns is known as Town Frisian1. The Frisian language has existed for more than 2000 years. Genetically the Frisian dialects are most closely related to the English language. However, historical events have caused the English and the Frisian language to diverge, while Dutch and Frisian have converged. The linguistic distance to the other Germanic languages has also altered in the course of history due to different degrees of linguistic contact. As a result traditional genetic trees do not give an up-to-date representation of the distance between the modern Germanic languages. In the present investigation we measured linguistic distances between Frisian and the other Germanic languages in order to get an impression of the effect of genetic relationship and language contact for the position of the modern Frisian language on the Germanic language map. -
Null Arguments in Old Norwegian: Interaction Between Pronouns and Functional Domains*
cambridge occasional papers in linguistics COP i L Volume 9, Article 4: 108–129, 2016 ∣ ISSN 2050-5949 Null arguments in Old Norwegian: Interaction between pronouns and functional domains* K a r i K i n n University of Cambridge Abstract In this paper I propose a new analysis of null arguments in Old Norwe- gian. I argue that the option of null realization in Old Norwegian correlates with a distinction between ɸP and DP pronouns in the sense of Déchaine & Wiltschko (2002), and that this distribution can be captured by a version of pronoun deletion in the sense of Roberts (2010b). On a more general level I argue that both the structure of pronouns and that of the functional domains C, T and v influence the null argument properties of a language. Thus, null arguments, but also blocking of null arguments in languages like Modern Norwegian and English, may be derived in different ways. 1 Introduction Null arguments in early Germanic have received an increasing amount of attention in recent years (cf. e.g. Sigurðsson 1993 on Old Icelandic, Faarlund 2013 on Old Norse, Håkansson 2008, 2013 on Old Swedish, Axel 2007 on Old High German, van Gelderen 2000, 2013, Rusten 2010, 2013 and Walkden 2013 on Old English, as well as the comparative studies of Rosenkvist 2009 and Walkden 2014b). In this paper I propose a new analysis of null arguments in Old Norwegian, an understudied variety whose null argument properties are not immediately captured by previous accounts. The paper focuses on definite null arguments; generic null subjects will notbe discussed.1 I will argue that the distribution of Old Norwegian null arguments cor- relates with a distinction between ɸP and DP pronouns in the sense of Déchaine & Wiltschko (2002), and that this fact can be accounted for by a slightly revised version of pronoun deletion in the sense of Roberts (2010b).