The Making of the Victorian Organ Nicholas Thistlethwaite Index More Information

Home , Henry Willis, St Mary Moorfields, Wymondham Abbey

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-34345-9 - The Making of the Victorian Organ Nicholas Thistlethwaite Index More information

Index

ABBREVIATIONS

archt architect(s) ob organ builder(s) orgt organist r register PC Parish Church

For locations of particular organs, the reader should also consult section 3 of the List of References (pp. 548-64). Italics denote the page reference of a stop list.

Abbott & Smith (ob) 291, 299, 300, 391 Ashton-under-Lyne, St Michael and All Angels: Aberdeen, Music Hall 335 Hill 1845: 189, 197, 198, 199, 205, 244, 367, 522 action 31-2, 94, 230, 233-5 case: 247, 248, PI. 32 Adams, Thomas (orgt) 60-1, 89, 90, 97, 104, 165 Attercliffe (S. Yorks), Christ Church 351 aeoline (r) 378 Attwood, Thomas (orgt) 49, 104, 164, 185 AlfretonPC (Derbys) 51 Avery, John (ob) 4, 56, 97 Alkmaar, Holland 211 diagonal bellows 26 Allen, Charles (ob) 52, 99-101, 305 duplication of open diapason 11,12 see also: Everingham, Catholic Chapel keyboards 35 Allen, William (ob) 49, 52 pedal pipes 15, 16, 19, 20 Allom, Thomas (archt) 339 retention of cornet 13 Alton, Revd Henry 426 Amersham, St Mary 101 Bach, Johann Sebastian (orgt) 14, 141, 281, 341, Amsterdam, Holland 128, 210 342, 343 Andrews, Joseph (ob) 300 organ works: influence on Gauntlett 188; see also'. Forster & Andrews influence on Hodges 153; influence on Antigua Cathedral 57 design of Pedal Organ 103, 105, 190; antiquarianism 324, 327 performance 89, 103, 153, 172-5, Table Antwerp, Belgium 175 16, 183, 272, 273, 520—1; publication 168— Armitage (Staffs), Mission Church 238 72, Table 15; recovery 105, 164-72, 181, Arnold, Dr Samuel (orgt) 17 182 Arundel (Sussex): Banfield, John (ob) 260, 299 RC Cathedral, 237, 244, 524 Barker, Charles Spackman (ob) 125, 416 St Nicholas 13, 17 career 356, 530 Ashridge (Herts) 9, 11, 238, 444 compensating bellows 355, Fig. 21 Elliot 1818: Buckingham's claim to have built development of electric action 360 56; building frame 31; case 35, PI. 7; pneumatic lever: collaboration with Cavaille- console PI. 9 and 11; layout 30-1; Coll 354—6; collaboration with Hill 354-5; mixtures 47; open diapasons 12; pedal development 352-6, Fig. 26 pipes 17, 19, 31; reeds 45; scaling 46, relief pallet 350, Fig. 21 Table 5, 239; stop layout 40; swell box 33; see also: electric action; pneumatic lever wooden registers 43 Barnby, Sir Joseph (orgt) 322, 349

565

566 Index

Baron, Revdjohn 317-20, 328 Music Hall barrel-organs 57, 58, 60, 62, 63-4, 65, 66, 189, 300 Gray & Davison (1856): 279, 282-3, 286, bassoon (r) 44, 90, 91, 204, 246, 347, 522 344, 389; pneumatic composition pedals Bates, T. C. (ob) 58 365; sold to St Pancras PC 283, 339, 344; Bath (Avon): wind pressures 279 Abbey organ-building in 299, 300 Smith 1836: 95, 99, 109, 110, 155 St Gregory, Small Heath 238, 246, 248, 253, 255 Hill 1868: 397, 405 St Martin 56 St Mary, Bathwick 42, 44, 47 St Philip 92 Battle Abbey (Sussex) 100 Town Hall 57, 69, 87, 127-35,128-g, 183, 270, Bedford, Francis (archt) 75 274.299,341,342 Belfast: Hill 1834: action 133-4; bells 519, 531; St Patrick 108 blowing 363; case 75, PL 14 and 15, 335; Ulster Hall Combination Organ 130, 519; Hill 1861: 375, 397, 398-401,39#-$, 406, commissioning 127-8; compasses 95, 130; 407; case 400, PL 60; harmonic flutes 404; composition pedals 255, 365; console 133, layout 400-1; mixtures 405-6, 410; 253, 524; doubles 107, 108, 130; opening 398; pedal compass 406; duplication no, 130; layout 133-4, Fig. pipework 238, 407, 408-9, Tables 28 and 10; opening 89; Pedal Organ 99, 130, 133— 29; reconstructions 401; reeds 407-8, 438; 4; pipework 130-1, Table 13; pneumatic voicing 408; wind pressures 407-8 lever 354, 356; reeds 113, 130, 131—3; Victoria Hall 259 Swell Organ 114, 115; winding 135, 362 bellows: Hill 1843: 189, 197, 198, 202; equal blowing: 27, 159, 362, 363; application of temperament 373 steam power 135, 139, 148, 362-3 compared with Liverpool organ: 139, 140,141 diagonal bellows 25, 26 competition for organistship (1842) 174 horizontal bellows 23-5, 25-7, 53, 361-2 Festivals 92, 130 innovations: concussions 53-4; counter- Mendelssohn's performances 164, 167, 172, ! balances 26; feeders 26, 361-2; inverted 73-45 176.255 folds 27, 53; reservoirs 362; waste pallet recitals 176-7, 272 26-7, Fig. 2 unexecuted scheme (1842) 193 Schulze's bellows (Doncaster) 367 Birnam (Perth), St Mary 305 Berlin, Germany 128 Bishop, James Chapman (ob) 49, 55, 58, 98-100, Berne, Switzerland 211 108, 113, 141, 216, 300, 308, 432 Best, William Thomas (orgt) 272, 273, 343, 344- career 52-4, 305 8, 364, 432 Durham Cathedral (1847) 314 concert programmes 273; opens Preston 422; organs: introduction of claribella 53, 112; orchestral transcriptions 345-6; organ invention of composition pedals 54, 365; tutors 345, 346; puts Liverpool organ into adoption of concussion bellows 53—4; equal temperament 143; registration 346- double dulciana 106; dulciana in; 8; specifications by 346-8; technique duplication 110—11; pedal pipes 102; reeds 345-6 44, 52, 53, 91; winding 53-4 Bevington & Sons (ob) 58, 100, 115, 189, 194, prices 64, 65 257-8,259 premises 52, 59, 60 see also: London (Greater London): Foundling workforce 62 Hospital, St Martin-in-the-Fields, St see also: London (City): St Paul's Cathedral; Mary Moorfields; Nottingham, London (Greater London): St Giles, Mechanics' Institute Camberwell; St James, Bermondsey; St Bewsher & Fleetwood (ob) 50, 100, 108, 111, 300 John, Waterloo Road; Newark (Notts), St Biddulph, Revd Thomas 151 Mary Magdalene Bidlake & Lovatt (archt) 252 Bishop & Starr (ob) 70 Binns, James J. (ob) 391 Blackburn: bird organs 64 Independent Chapel 281, 373 Birmingham 57 St Mary: Gray (1828, 1832) 55, 108, 115, 116, British Association Meeting (1839) 352 447-8; Cavaille-Coll (1875) 376; Henry Christ Church 16, 20, 47 Smart (orgt) 277

Index 567

Blewitt, Jonas (orgt) 90 Bromsgrove, St John the Baptist 13, 19, 27 block flute (r) 378 Bromyard (Herefs), St Peter 67, 84, PI. 21 Blomfield, Bishop 68 Bruce, James (ob) 50 Blore, Edward (archt) 82, 311, 417 Bryceson Bros (ob) 58, 59, 101, 354 Blyth, Benjamin (ob) 18, 25, 87, 98 introduction of electric action 360-1 Bodley, George Frederick (archt) 324, 528 Buchholz of Berlin (ob) 379, 382 Bolton, Town Hall 335, 347-8, 488-g Buckingham, A. (ob) 19, 20, 25, 26, 33, 98, 100 bombarde (r) 278, 280, 283, 433, 535 Ashridge organ 56 Booth, Joseph and Francis (ob) 50, 100, 108, 114, foreman to A very and Elliot 56 115 Buckow of Hirschberg (ob) 379, 382 experiments with pneumatic assistance 351—2, Bunter,-?-(ob) 18 353,359 Burford, Robert 308 Booth, Matthew (ob) 50 Burney, Dr Charles 5, 106, 163, 173 Bossward, E. J. (ob) 299 Burrowes, John (orgt) 222 Boston (Lines): Bury (Lanes), St Thomas 304, 390 Centenary Chapel 267, 389 Bute, Earl of 26 St Botolph 107 Butler, James (ob) 99 Boston, USA 64 Butterfield, William (archt) 323, 328, PL 49 Boston, John (ob) 50 Byfield, John (I) (ob) 4, 5, 44, 262, 290 Boyle, Edward 311 Bradford (W. Yorks): cabinet organ 300 Eastbrook Chapel: 189, 197, 235, 236, 238, Calcutta, St John 189, 197 243, 244; case 246, 247, 251, PI. 35 Cambridge: St George's Hall: Holt (1853) 339; Hill (1856) organs in parish churches 66, Table 7 407 Camden Society 310, 311-13, 324 Bremen Cathedral 379 Jesus College 327 Bridge, Richard (ob) 4,11, 44, 97 King's College: Avery (1803) 4, 16, 40, 99; Hill Bridgewater, Earl of 56 (i860) 197, 247,363,397 Brighton 52 parish churches: 67; St Andrew-the-Less 327; St Peter 17-18 St Luke, Chesterton 245, 246; St Mary- Brindley, Charles (ob) 300, 304, 368, 526 the-Great 16, 327, 370 Schulze's influence upon 299, 391-2 St John's College: Hill (1838) 57, 100, 108, see also: Brindley & Foster; Launceston, no, 112-13, 452-3; (1869) 397, 404, Tasmania, Albert Hall 4O5 Brindley & Foster (ob) 339, 526 Trinity College: organ by Smith 5; Avery * Bristol: (1801) 16; blowing apparatus (1819) 27; Cathedral 27, 98, 314 Gray (1836) 20, 55, 95, 99, 102, 104, 108, Christ Church 99, in, 154, 155, 156 515; Hill (1870) 375,404 Lord Mayor's Chapel 95, 154, 155, 156 Camidge, Drjohn (orgt): organ-building in 49, 50, 150-9, 299, 300 use of pedals 97 provision of organs in churches 67 visit to continent 175 compasses 96; octave coupler 159; Pedal and York organs 65, 109, 112, 118-27 (passim), Organ 99, 157; Swell Organ 158 139,140, 163, 182, 290, 354, 371 St James 150, 151, 152-3, 457-8 Camidge, Matthew (orgt) 119 blowing 27, 159; mixtures 156; opening 152; Camidge, Thomas Simpson (orgt) 119 pedal arrangements 98, 102, 103, 157, 159; Canterbury Cathedral 101 Swell Organ 116, 158 Carlisle Cathedral: St Mary Redcliffe 14 Avery (1806) 12, 31, 56 St Michael 17 Willis (1856) 261, 308, 335, 346, 366, 373, 414, St Nicholas 150, 152-3, 153-4, 156 433, 437, 487-% 520 St Stephen 99, 153, 154, 155, 156, 158-9, 173, Carpenter, Richard Cromwell (archt) 332 176, 458-9 Cashel Cathedral 100 see also: Edward Hodges; John Smith (i);John cathedrals: Smith (ii) location of organ 311-15; removal of screens Britton, John 82 312, 314-15; use of organ in service 70-1; Broderick, Cuthbert (archt) 335 use of two organs 313

568 Index Cavaille-Coll, Aristide (ob) 134, 147, 207, 267, Holy Trinity 60-1,116 10 St Andrew 154, 156-7 3O7?376, 382,414, 5 on Birmingham organ 130, 133, 135 Victoria Rooms 143, 372 collaboration with Barker 354-6 Clitheroe (Lanes), St Michael (RC) 390 development of harmonic registers 280 Cockerell, Charles Robert (archt) 335 increasing pressure system 208, 278-80 Colchester (Essex) 67 influence in England: 175, 178, 179, 274; on College of Organists (later RCO) 371 Davison and Smart 278-80, 283-4; on Colne (Cambs), St Helen 26-7, Fig. 2 Lewis 305-6; on Willis 376, 416, 433-4 Cologne, Germany 178, 210, 221 on Leeds Town Hall drawings 275 combination action 148 work in British Isles 270, 275, 525 combination pedals (ventils) 283, 284, 286, 344, celestina (r) in 366, 416 Chaddesley Gorbett, St Cassian (Worcs) 45, combination pistons 344, 432, 433 Table 4 introduction 365-6, 416; at Liverpool (1855) chamber organs 63, 64, 78 :35> 345; at St Paul's (l863) 3*5 chancel organs 317-20, 383 compasses: Cheadle (Staffs), St Giles 209 establishment of C-compasses 150, 153, 154, Chelmsford (Essex), St Mary the Virgin 11,16 155, 181-5, 189, 202-5, 256-61, 261-70, Cheltenham (Glos) 55, 68, 69 Table 23 Chester: in concert organs 278, 284 Cathedral 91, 95, 116, 177,332,^50-/ long compasses: 3, 95-6, Table 9, 97, 126, 135, St John 61, 108, 183, 184, 238, 239, 243, 262, 141-2, 155; desuetude 202, 256, 259 459-fo pedal 190 Chesterfield, St Mary and All Saints 95, 101, 105 Swell 114-15 Chichester Cathedral 98, 314, 363 upward extension 406 Chichester, 'Collonell' 54 composition pedals 348, 365 Chipp, Edmund (orgt) 165, 272, 398 Bishop's 54, 365; Forster & Andrews's 301, Chippendale, Thomas 78 366; Smart's 277, 284-6, 366; pneumatics choir bass 115 applied 365 Choir Organ: Conacher, Peter (ob) 300, 304, 526 action 32, Fig. 6 concert flute (r) 277, 281, 437 case 31 concert organ: enclosure 116, 260 commissioning 271-2; Gray & Davison 274- in German System 193, 202, 203, 230-1, 242- 91; equal temperament 371-2; influence 3,520 on church organ 281-2, 291, 314-15, 348- musical use 30-1, 153-4, 264, 322, 415, 520 9, 412, 413-16; recitals 272-4 tonal design 164, 322, 346, 393, 396, 404-5, cone gamba (r) 199, 201, 239, 303, 389, 409—11, 406, 407, 433, 520 522 choir pedal 33 congregational singing 208, 258, 298, 310, 315, choral service, in parish churches 315-17, 321-3 317-18,323,426 see also: parochial choirs Bristol 152-3 church band 66, 310 in cathedrals 312 Church Building Society 68 Gauntlett's views 190-1, 203-4, 426, 508-9 churches: see also: hymns; psalmody building of new 67-9, 88, 310 console: position of organs in 312-13, 315-20 detached consoles 303, 358, 360-1 provision of organs for 65-70, 299-300 in 1820 35-40 claribella (clarabella) (r) 115, 199, 280, 389, 437 innovations 229, 246, 252-5, 367-71 introduced by Bishop 53, 112 jambs: angled 300, 367-8; terraced 286, 368, claribel flute (r) 112, 245, 433 370; sloping 368 clarinet (clarionet) (r) 91, 198, 517 overhanging keys 300, 370-1 clarion (r) 44, 198 examples: Bolton 347; Doncaster 387; Leeds clarinet flute (r) 112, 280 286; Liverpool 345 clear flute (r) 220 see also: combination piston; combination Clifton (Avon): pedals; composition pedals; keyboards; Christ Church 101, 259 pedals; swell box (pedal); stop knobs

Index 569

contra fagotto (r) 198, 433 see also: London (Greater London): St Saviour contra gamba (r) 433, 434, 437, 440 Southwark; Stockport PC ; Wymondham Cooper, George (i) (orgt) 55, 102, 103, 104, 114, Abbey Davison, Frederick (ob) 115, 179, 396 Bach revival 165, 177 career: collaboration with Smart 164, 270, relations with Gauntlett 184 274-91; partnership with Gray 55, 184, Cooper, George (ii) (orgt) 165, 167, 169, 172, 261; with Hill 56, 261; purchases Musical 182, 266, 291, 307, 524-5 World 521- 2; pupil of Wesley 182 cor anglais (corno inglese) (r) 303, 346, 347 organs: German System 159, 181, 182-5, 261 — Cork,-?- 100 70; Liverpool organ 141; 'Model Organ' cornet (r): (1843) 262-4; problems at Leeds 291 desuetude 12-14, 115; scaling 42; superseded see also: Gray & Davison; Hill & Davison; by claribella 93, 112; survival in Henry Smart sesquialtera & cornet 45, 47; cornet Demerara, St George's Cathedral 102 voluntary 13; York (i860) 405, 535 Derby, All Saints 16, 19, 26, 27 corno di bassetto (r) 281, 522 diaocton 159 corno-flute (r) 198, 199, 200, 204, 220, 264 diapering, see organ case cornopean (r) 113, 220, 245, 518 Dicker, H.J. (ob) 261 Cottenham (Cambs), All Saints 248 Dickson, Canon W. E. 327 Cotterill, Revd Thomas 73 Dobson, -?- (ob) 17 couplers: dolce (r) 378 manual 32-3; melody 103-4; octave 158, 159, dolcan (r) 378, 381 277,278,280,281,284,291,297,303, 315, Donaldson, John (ob) 49, 515 344; pedal 20, 32; pedal octave 157, 183, Doncaster (S. Yorks), St George 184, 258, 520; tumbler 33, 435; Willis's Buckingham (1823) 98 435-6 Brindley (temporary organ) 391 Courcelle, John (ob) 304 Schulze (1862): 178, 296, 297, 301, 305, 379, Coventry & Hollier, music publishers 169, 170-1 386-8, 390, 392, 414, 490-2, 533; blowing Cramer, Johann Baptist 175 387; console 387; inauguration 376; Cranbrook (Kent), St Dunstan 308, 432 thunder stop 367 Crang & Hancock (ob) 11, 215 Done, Joshua (orgt) 13, 72, 91, 112 cremona (r) 13, 44, 90-1, 93, 104, 115, 172, 198, doppel flute (r) 303, 378 199, 200, 245-6 Dorchester (Dorset), St Peter 111 crescendo (diminuendo) pedal 207, 277, 286, Dorking (Surrey), St Martin 56 367 double diapason (r) 19, 380 Crick (Northants), St Margaret 9, 11, 33, 238, early examples 15, 51; Insular Movement 105— 2 444-5 9, Table 12; scaling 106-7, 4°5 Swell Elliot (1819): action 31, 235; bellows 27; Organ 115, 433 building frame 31; case PI. 6, 35; coupler double dulciana (r) 106, 111 33; dulciana 42; layout 30, Fig. 5; doubles, see double diapason; Pedal Organ mixtures 47; reeds 45; pipework 42, 46-7, doublette (r) 201, 243, 257 Table 3, 239, 240, 245; Swell Organ 114; Dragonetti, Domenico 169, 171, 521 stop arrangement 40 Dresden, Germany 210, 378 see also: London (Greater London): Chapel Dublaine & Callinet (ob) 356 Royal, St James's Palace Dublin: cromorne (r) see cremona St Audeon 57-8, 389 cromorne-flute (r) 198, 199 Trinity College 100 Crotch, Dr William (orgt) 12, 88, 173, 176, 185 Ducci of Florence (ob) 296 Croydon (Surrey), St John the Baptist 11, 15, 16, Ducroquet of Paris (ob) 178, 274, 275, 296-7 17, 97 dulcet (r) 111 cuckoo feeder 26 dulciana (r) 3, 42, 109, no, 111, 238, 257 Cumming, Alexander (ob) 25-6, 27 dulciana principal (r) 111 Cundy, Thomas (archt) 263 dulciana mixture (r) 406 Curwen, John Spencer 271 Dundee, Kinnaird Hall 301, 304, 482-4 duplication of registers 11-12,87, 109-n, 121, Davis, James (ob) 17, 35, 98, 107 122, 126, 155, 139-40, 182,432

Index

Durham Cathedral: England, John (ob) 51 Bishop (1844, J^47) 52? case design by Wyatt 'English' block 43, Fig. 7 517; diapering 330; pedal arrangements Epsom (Surrey), St Martin and St John 259 (1815) 17-18, 19, 21 Erben, Henry (ob) 154 removal of choir screen (1847) 3J3j Willis Eton College Chapel 100, 101, 266-7, 330 (1876) 309,358 euphone (r) 304 Evangelical movement 66, 151, 152-3, 310 Eagles, James (ob) 320 Evans, Wardle E. (ob) 307 early music movement 340 Everingham (Humbs), Catholic Chapel 52, 93, Easton-on-the-Hill PC (Northants) 260, 468-g 449-5° Ecclesiological movement 298, 310-23 action 93, Fig. 8; case PI. 13, 75; pedal on appearance of organ 312, 324, 327-32, 335 arrangements 99; pipework 94—5, Table 8 location of organs: cathedrals 311-15; parish Everton (Merseyside), St George 100, 111 churches 315-20,323, 380 Ewell (Surrey), St Mary the Virgin 434 on musical character of service 321-3 Ewelme (Oxon), St Mary 189, 238, 248 echo dulciana cornet (r) 139, 199,201,203,210, Exeter: 220,221,231,257,405,433 Cathedral 25, 105, 107, 152 Edgeley (Lanes?) 390 St David 17 Edinburgh: extension, mechanical 301, 304, 378, 527 organ-building 50 Music Hall: case 251; Gauntlett's performance Fincham, John (ob) 304 (1843) 177, 195; Hill (1843) 189, 192, 193, flageolet (r) 113, 199, 200-1, 245, 432 196, 197, 199, 244, 461-2; unexecuted flageolet organs 64, 300 scheme 193 flauta amabilis (r) 378 St John's Episcopal Church 352 flautino (r) 378 University, Music Room 397, 407 flauto traverso (flute traversiere) (r) 303, 390, electric action 359-61 393, 433, 437 Elgar, Sir Edward 342 Flight, Benjamin (i) (ob) 54, 58 Elijah (Mendelssohn) 165 Flight, Benjamin (ii) (ob) 58-9, 189 Elliot, Thomas (ob) 9, 13, 33, 65, 238, 396, 442, Flight, John (ob) 59, 87, 101, 331 515 see also: Tenbury, St Michael's College career 55-7, 515-16 Flight & Robson (ob) 16-17, 27> 51? 52? 58-9, 60, organs: blowing 27; couplers 32; dulcianas 40, 61,275 in; duplication 12; mixtures 47, 243; see also: London (Greater London): pedal pipes 15, 16-17, 19; pedals 21; Apollonicon pipework 42, 43-4, 46-7, 95, 239; winding Flowers, George French 178 26, 27 flute a pavilion (r) 283, 433, 437 premises 60 flute conique (r) 437 see also: Ashridge; Elliot & Hill; William Hill; flute d'amour 281, 390 St Cassian, Chaddesley Corbett; St flute organs 64, 300 Margaret, Crick; Scone Palace flute-principal (r) 112 Elliot & Hill (ob) 49, 55, 86, 98, 108, 112, 115, flutes: 119,122,365,515 construction 42—4 business 56-7, 65 innovations: 1820s and 1830s 111 —13; post- see also: Thomas Elliot; William Hill; London 1840 163, 198, 199, 200-1, 220, 221, 257, (City), Christ's Hospital; Oldham PC; 301, 378, 381, 396, 404-5, 411, 437 York Minster foreign travel 175-80, 377 Ely Cathedral: Forster, James (ob) 300 Elliot & Hill (1831) 56 see also: Forster & Andrews Hill (1851): 197; case 248, 311, 314, 332, PL 52; Forster & Andrews (ob) 127, 300-2, 304, 321, 339 removal of choir screen 311, 313 career 301-2 winding 25 organs: influenced by Schuize 299, 300—1, 390; England, George (ob) 109 innovations 300—1, 366-7, 368, 526 England, George Pike (ob) 4, 11, 12, 13, 16, 18, see also: Dundee, Kinnaird Hall 19, 20, 21, 25, 26, 42, 57, 70, 75, 81, 93, 96, Foster, John (ob) 208 111,442,515,518 see also: Charles Brindley; Brindley & Foster

Index

Foxearth (Essex), St Peter and St Paul 335 case 334; harmonic flutes 280; increasing Framlingham (Suffolk), St Michael 324 pressure 278-80; pneumatic lever 280; Frankfurt, Germany, St Paul 211 Smart's recital 281 Franklin, Joseph (archt) 248 Public Hall 306 Fraser, J. W. 178, 202 glockenspiel (r) 193, 199, 201, 203, 405, 535 Freiburg Cathedral, Switzerland 175, 210 Gloucester: French horn (r) 44, 91, 93, 113 Cathedral French organ-building, influence of 164, 211, Bishop (1831) 52, 99; Willis (1847) 89, 95, 274-5, 278-80, 283-4, 290, 299, 376, 393, in, 308, 432; Wesley at (1865) 342; 404,416,433-4 electric action for Festival organ (1868) fugara (r) 378 361 Shire Hall 260 Gainford (Co. Durham), St Mary 392 Goss, Sir John (orgt) 435 gamba (r) 297, 305, 389, 438 Goundry, John 360 Gateshead (Tyne & Wear), St Mary 108 Grand Junction Railway 132 Gauntlett, Revd Henry 185 Gravesend PC (Kent) 13 Gauntlett, Dr Henry John (orgt) 61, 150, 155, Gray, John (ob) 12, 20, 49, 57, 62, 86, 98-9, 109, 185-95, Pi- 26, 296, 426, 508-10 3°5, 3O7, 363, 4*7, 432, 435-6, 44° career: 185-7; editor of Musical World 187, 521- business: premises 59, 60-1, 62-3; stock lists 2; foreign tours 175, 178, 179; relations 62-3, 302; volume of work (1822-37) 63- with Cooper 184 4, Table 6, 516; workforce 62 innovations in organ design: Anglo-Lutheran career: 55; partnership with Davison 261; or Bach organ 189-91, 194; Birmingham reputation as reed voicer 262 Town Hall 127, 130; collaboration with organs: cases 85; double dulciana 106; doubles Hill 86, 87, 159, 163, 188-95, 196-205, 107-8; enclosure 116; Exeter Hall Festival 207, 208, 216-22, 250, 253, 256-7, 261-2, (1836) 181-2; Swell design 115, 116 250, 253, 256-7, 261-2, 281, 391, 397; see also: Gray & Davison; Bath, St Mary, with Lincoln 51, 367, 508-10; Concerto Bathwick; Blackburn, St Mary; London organ 189-90, 191-5, 274; German (Greater London): St Pancras System 181, 182, 183, 210, 211, 259; Gray, Jonathan 119-27 {passim), 175 initiation of reforms 188-9; patent for Gray, Robert (i) (ob) 55, 58 electric action 187, 194, 359-60 Gray, Robert (ii) (ob) 5 organist: Bach revival 166, 168, 169, 172, 173, Gray, William (ob) 5, 9, 13, 16—17, 55, 91, 442 176-7; Handel arrangements 192; Gray & Davison (ob) 53, 55, 100-1, 116, 207, Mendelssohn's influence 165; opening of 261,301,362,426,437 Chester organ (1838) 184; organist for career and business: acquire Bewsher & Elijah (1846) 165; performance practice Fleetwod 300; exhibition hall 61; 281; J95 Liverpool contract 143 gedact (lieblich gedact) (r) 297, 303, 305, 381, innovations: C-compasses 266-7, Table 25; 3^9, 393, 396, 417, 432, 433, 437 clarionet flute 112; concert organs 274-91; geigen (r) 297, 305, 381, 393 enclosed organ 266; German influences gemshorn (r) 193, 199, 201, 239, 267, 389, 411, 389; German System 259, 261-70; 433, 437 harmonic flutes 280; increasing pressures German flute (r) 90, 112-13 278-80; 'Model Organ' (1843) 262-4; German organ-building, influence of 374-94, pneumatic lever 280, 286; relief pallet 349; 395-6 sforzando pedal 367; work compared with see also: German System; Edmund Schulze Hill's 262, 264 German System 87, 88, 96, 97, 105, 109, 136, 150, organs: clarabella 112; composition pedals 365; 163, 164, 181-214, 256-70, 290, 341 equal temperament 373; high pressure Hill's work 215-55; inspiration 210-14; origins reeds 281; layout 333; mixtures 282, 290, 181-5 291; Pedal Organ 100-1, 102; reeds 262, Gern, August (ob) 305 264, 267, 290, 291; swell box 116, 363-4; Gersau, Switzerland 378 Sw7ell Organ 264, 267, 291; tonal Glasgow: characteristics 262, 264, 267, 389; zinc City Hall 271, 272, 278-81, 282, 286, 303, 341, resonators 282 see also: Birmingham Music Hall; Bolton Town 373,476-7

572 Index Gray & Davison - cont Hereford Cathedral 16, 52, 112, 291, 314, 330 Hall; Chester Cathedral; Glasgow City Herefordshire, organs in churches of 67 Hall; Leeds Town Hall; London (Greater Higgins, Ann Maria 182 London): Crystal Palace (1851, 1857); St HildebrandtJ.G. (ob)2ii Anne, Limehouse; St Paul, Hill, Dr Arthur George (ob) 522 Knightsbridge; Nottingham, Halifax Hill, Thomas (ob) 224, 245, 260, 402 Place Wesleyan Chapel birth 516; works with father 395, 516; moves to Great Exhibition (1851) 91, 143, 307 new factory 396; invention of relief pallet see also'. London (Greater London): Crystal 349, Fig. 20; conservatism 397 Palace Hill, William (ob) frontispiece, 53, 87, 88-101, Great Yarmouth (Norfolk), St Nicholas 16, 173, 108, 115, 164, 260, 267, 299, 301, 311, 314, 176,277,521 33°, 346, 348, 375, 376, 412, 417, 437, Green, Samuel (ob) 5, 6, 11, 16, 118, 119, 222, 442-3 4I4>5I5 career and business: 56-7, 395; joins Elliot 56, cases 79-81; compasses 96; dulcianas 111; 516; becomes partner 9, 516; premises 59, horizontal bellows 25-6; key coverings 35; 60, 61, 396; workforce (1830s) 62, 396; low mixtures 48; pipework 42, 87, 95 prices 65, 516; partnership with Davison Green, Sarah (ob) 118 182, 184, 261, 521-2; work (1838-55) Greenock (Strathclyde), Town Hall 301, 368 215-55; Circular (1841) 196, 51 o-11; work Greenwood family (ob) 50, 359 compared with Gray & Davison's 262, Gunton, Frederick (orgt) 177 264; foreign tours 179; Liverpool organ 141, 143, 356, 363; German influences, Haarlem, Holland, St Bavo 89, 121, 128, 140, post-1855 389, 396; work (1855-70) 395- 141, 175, 210, 211, 212-14, 221, 377, 386, 411; death 395 523 German System: 181—5, 195—209, 215—55, 259, Halifax: 508-10, 511-13; collaboration with All Souls 301, 366 Gauntlett 86, 159, 163, 187-95, 215—55, St John Baptist 47-8, 112, 202 256, 257, 261-2, 281, 391, 508-10 Hall, Nelson (ob) 318 innovations: 'Bach or Lutheran' plan 193; box Halmshaw & Sons (ob) 299 pallet 125, 349, Fig. 9, 519; equal Halstead (Essex), St Andrew 391 temperament 372, 373; flutes 113, 198, Hamburg, Germany, 128, 175, 178, 210, 211, 378 199, 200-1, 220, 221, 403, 411; high- Hamilton, Adam (orgt) 178 pressure reed 132-3, 519-20; pneumatic Hamilton, David (ob) 178, 179, 352-3, Fig. 24, 530 lever 354, 355, 356, 357; radiating pedal Hamilton's Catechism of the Organ 72, 377 board 371; ratchet swell pedal 209; Handel, George Frederick 153, 164 sforzando and crescendo pedals 367; Commemoration (1784) 91 totally enclosed organs 191, 208-9, Table Festivals (Crystal Palace) 91-2, 283 20; winding 362, 633; zinc rolling machine Hanley (Staffs), Bethsaida Chapel 390 124 Harberton (Devon), St Andrew 358 organs: cases 246-53; clarabella 112; harmonica (r) 111-12 composition pedals 365; consoles 252-5, harmonic flute (r) 194, 199, 208, 278, 280, 281, 323, 368; dulciana 106, 238; duplication 283, 291, 297, 303, 305, 393, 404, 419, 432, 109; layout and action 229-36; mixtures 433. 434, 437 207, 240, 243-4, 395, 4t>3, 405-6; pipe harmonic piccolo (r) 437 metal 237, 395, 407; pipework 236-46, harmonic registers 135, 347, 416 407-11; reeds 91, 111, 131-3, 198-200, Harris, Renatus (ob) 3, 4, 6, 55, 155, 247 208, 245-6, Table 24, 323, 395, 404, 407- Harrison, Arthur (ob) 109 8, Table 29, 411, 438, 518; soundboards Harrison, Thomas Hugh (ob) 300, 304, 526 235~6, 395, 396; stop knobs 368—70; stop Harrison & Harrison (ob) 420 lists (1856-70) 402-7; swell box 116, 231, hautboy (r) 44, 91, 104, 115, 246, 347 363-4; wind pressures 236-7, 407-8 Hawkins, Sir John 4 see also: Belfast, Ulster Hall; Birmingham Hedgeland, William (ob) 305 Town Hall; Cambridge, St John's College; Helmore, Revd Thomas 152 Edinburgh Music Hall; Kidderminster Henley-on-Thames (Oxon), St Mary the Virgin Town Hall; Liverpool, Great George 260 Street Chapel; London (City): Christ

Index 573

Church, Newgate Street; St Mary-at-Hill; horn (r) 90, 113, 115, 131, 133, 245, 246, 411, St Peter-upon-Cornhill; London (Greater 419, 518 London): All Saints, Margaret Street; Horn, Carl Friedrich (orgt) 169, 170, 172 Crystal Palace (1851); Royal Penopticon; Howe, John (ob) 310 St John, Hyde Park Crescent; Huddersfleld (W. Yorks): Manchester: Church of the Holy Name; St Buxton Road Chapel 59, 258 Luke, Cheetham Hill; Melbourne Town Highfield Chapel 57, 259 Hall; St Albans Abbey; Sheffield, St St Peter 13 Philip; Stratford-upon-Avon, Holy Hull (Humbs): Trinity; Worcester Cathedral; York Beverley Road Chapel 390 Minster Stjohn 16, 33 Hill & Davison (ob) 56, 99, 108, 114, 115, 182-5, St Stephen 209 521-2 Hullah, John 271 see also: Chester, Stjohn; London (Greater Hulme (Manchester): London): Chapel Royal, St James's Holy Trinity 260, 303 Palace; Westminster Abbey, Coronation St Mary 237, 238, 240, 243, 245, 246, 405 organ Zion Chapel 209 Hill & Son (ob) 56, 395-411, Table 26 Hunter, Alfred (pipe maker) 304 Hill, Norman & Beard 226, 229, 522 Hunter & Webb (ob) 305, 527 Hill & Woodhouse (archt) 335 hymns, introduction of 66, 70-1, 73, 88, 310, 315, Hodges, Dr Edward (orgt) 150-9, Plate 25, 173, 322 i76, 193 Hymns ancient and modern 322 career and views: 150-2; canticles 152; on congregational singing 152-3, 190; imitative registers 12-14, 9°~3> lb^ 2O4~5? 2^6, influence of Bach 153; on pedals 20-1, 29I,3Q5, 415>433>517 102, 156-7; on shortcomings of organs increasing pressure 208, 278-80, 281, 282, 283, 153-4 284 innovations: 155-9; swell box 116, 158, 363; Ingram, Eustace (ob) 305, 527 I I 1 Swell Organ 157-9; triple slat Venetian Insular Movement 86-117, 118-49, 5°> ^ ' swell 158; typhus pedal 159 375,43! hohl-flute (r) 381, 389 interludes 72-3, 322 varieties: Hill's 199, 201, 238-9, 264, 512; Kirtland & Jardine's 303; Lewis's 305 Jackson, Richard (ob) 368 Holdich, George Maydwell (ob) 58, 159, 259-60, Jacob, Benjamin (orgt) 18, 166, 169, 170, 172 426 Jamaica Cathedral 57, 101 see also: Easton-on-the-Hill PC; Lichfield Jardine, Frederick (ob) 302, 304 Cathedral see also: Kirtland & Jardine Holland, Henry (ob) 11 Jardine, George (ob) 526-7 Holmes, Edward (orgt) 165 relief pallet 349, Fig. 19 Holt, William (ob) 261, 339 Jebb, Revdjohn 70, 71, 313 innovations: hydraulic engine 363; relief pallet Jones, Francis (ob) 101, 261 349, Fig. 18 Jones, Henry (ob) 305, 527 Honington (Lines), St Wilfred 300 Jordan family (ob) 3, 44, 105 Hope-Jones, Robert (ob) 194, 361, 522 Joule, Benjamin (orgt) 303 Hopkins, Dr Edward John (orgt) 165, 179, 390 Joy, David 363 career: 379; compares French and English Jullien, Louis 272—3 organs 274; foreign tours 178; reports on Leeds organ 291; Liverpool organ 142; on Keighley, Independent Chapel 301 Mendelssohn's playing 166 Kenilworth (Warks), St Nicholas 53 The Organ (1855): publication 296, 378, 379- keraulophon (r) 201, 264, 524 83; influence 388-9; on claribella 112; Keswick, house organ 365 equal temperament 371, 372; horizontal keyboard 347 bellows 26; organ chamber 316-17, 320- coverings 35; to play pedal pipes 19; touch 5, 1; review 316; soundboards 380 14 see also: E. F. Rimbault Kidderminster: Hopkins, John (orgt) 178 St George 56

574 Index

Kidderminster — cont 284; reeds 284, 290; swell box 116, 364; Town Hall 197, 199, 205, 215, 227-9, 227~&-> winding 362 406,411,454 Leffler, Henry (orgt) 18, 19 case 247, 251-2, PI. 31; layout and action Leicester 299, 300 232-4, 235, Figs. 14 and 15; mixture 243, St Margaret 11 405; Pedal Organ 234, Fig. 16; pipework St Mary 111 238-9, Table 23, 240; reeds 245-6; Leominster (Herefs) 67 soundboards 228, 235, 236; stop knobs Lewis, Thomas Christopher (ob) 305—6, 320, 392—4 253-5; stopped diapasons 245; swell box see also: London (Greater London): St Peter, 229, 236; wind pressure 237 Eaton Square King's Lynn (Norfolk), St Margaret 3, 105 Lichfield Cathedral: Kington (Herefs) 67 Green (1789) 26, 35, 81 Kinlet (Worcs), St John Baptist 53, 112 Holdich (1861) 58, 260, 314, 469-70 Kirkland, A. (ob) 8 lieblich organs 306, 320 Kirkstall (W. Yorks), St Stephen 300 Lincoln Cathedral: Kirkwall, Earl of 27, 58 Allen (1826) 31, 49, 52, 82, PL 19 Kirtland & Jardine (ob) 260, 300, 302-4, 390, Allen (1851) 101, 105 526 Willis (1898) 433 French influence 299, 303-4; overhanging keys Lincoln, Henry Cephas (ob) 49, 51-2, 98-9, 108, 304, 370; sforzando pedal 367 see also: Manchester, St Peter Circular (1842) 257; collaboration with Kollman, A. F. G. (orgt) 14, 169, 170 Gauntlett 189, 257, 508-10 krum horn, see cremona see also: London (Greater London): Christ Church, Spitalfields; St George, Lambourn (Berks), St Michael and All Angels Camberwell; Thaxted, St John Baptist 335, 435 Lincoln, John (ob) 51 Lancaster (Lanes), St Mary 4, 404 Linnell, John 78 languids, see pipework Liverpool 50, 55, 132, 300 Latrobe, Revd John Antes 18, 65, 72, 73 Great George Street Chapel 69, 189, 196, 197, Launceston, Tasmania, Albert Hall 392, 492-3 198, 199, 203-5, 256, 467-8, 522 layout 27-33, 229~34 case 246, 247, 248-50, PL 34; composition Ledbury (Herefs) 67 pedals 365; 'the English Haarlem organ' Ledsam, -?- 132 210; mixtures 243, 244; Pedal Organ 204; Leeds: pipework 239, 240; reeds 113, 200, 204; organ-building in 50 swell box 236 provision of organs in 69 Hope Street Chapel 282 Brunswick Chapel 50, 530 Mechanics' Institute 189, 197, 199, 510, 522 case 75; controversy over 69; doubles 108 Public Hall, Clayton Street 368 Oxford Place Wesleyan Chapel 61, 69, 75, 95, St Francis Xavier 70, 267 99 St George's Hall 87, 135-49, 2^r? 27°> 274, St Peter 142 280, 286, 308, 309, 345-6, 375, 414, 417, St Peter's Chapel 50, 69, 95, 100, 108, 110, 114, 432,437 115 background: commissioning 143, 308; Town Hall 270, 284-91, 344, 480-2 completion 147, 296; concerts 273; background: compared with Liverpool 140; contract 144-7; reconstruction (1867) competition for plans 284, 525; drawings 536; Wesley's scheme (1846) 136-43, 343 submitted 275, PI. 43 and 45; rebuilt by description: blowing 363; case 335, PL 24; Abbott & Smith (1898) 291; reception combination pistons 366, 531-2; 290-1; recitals 272; Willis's behaviour 309 compasses 95, 135, 136, 141-2; console description: case 335, PL 42; composition 139, 147, 368; duplication 109, 111, 139— pedals 284-6; console 286, PL 43, 368, 40; Pedal Organ 101, 140-1; pipe metal 371, 525; crescendo and diminuendo 138, 146; pipework 139-41, Table 14, 149, pedals 367; Great Organ 290; hydraulic 440, 441; pneumatic lever 146-7, 148, 284, engines 362; increasing pressures 284; 357; reeds 138, 139, 279; swell box 116, keyboard compass 284; Orchestral Solo 139, 147, 363-4; temperament 135, 142-3, Organ 286-90, PL 45; pneumatic lever 343, 372; winding 139, 147, 148, 362

Index 575

see also: W. T. Best; S. S. Wesley; Henry Willis Bishop (1826-54): 52, 54; pedal St Nicholas 55, 64, 108, 115 arrangements 98, 102 St Paul, Toxteth Park in, 260 Willis (1863) 315 St Saviour 262 Willis (1872) 309, 312, 368, 433, 434-5, Llandaff Cathedral 291 503~5l tubular-pneumatic action 358-9; Lloyd, Charles (Lloyd & Dudgeon) (ob) 299 wind pressures 416, 436-7, 536 LONDON Mendelssohn visits 164-5, 173? ll§ organ-builders 49, 50-9 Panopticon organ placed in transept 312 provision of organs in churches 67, 68 removal of choir screen 312, 313, 314, 315 City of London, organs: special Sunday evening services (1858) 312 Christ Church, Newgate Street 57, 108 St Peter-upon-Cornhill 113, 165, 197, 199 Elliot & Hill (1827-34): Bach performances Mendelssohn visits 165, 166, 167, 176-7 173, 176; Gauntlett (orgt) 187, 188; Hill (1840): 189, 191, 196, 197, 198, 201, Mendelssohn visits 166, 167, 173, 176; 203, 210, 215-22, 221-2, 228, 402, 523; pedal board 102-3; pedal coupler 104; case 219, PI. 29; console 219, 221, 253, PL pedal pipes 98, 99, 102; Swell Organ 114, 36, 523; contract 218-20; layout 229, Figs. 115 12 and 13; mixtures 243, 244; opening Hill (1838) 188, 189, 190, 196, 197, 202, 266, 221; pedal chests 229; pipework 238, 239, 463-4, 522; case PI. 27, 247; unexecuted Table 21, 240, 245; reeds 245-6; scheme 202, 464-7 soundboards 235-6; swell box 229, 236; Christ's Hospital wind pressure 236-7 Elliot & Hill (1830): 49, 57, 373; case 82; St Sepulchre, Holborn 165 compasses 95; cost 65; double dulciana Bach performances at 176, 507 108; duplication 110; flute-principal 112; Gray (1817-34) 17, 55, 98, 99, 102, 114, 115 pedal arrangements 98, 102; Swell Organ Gray & Davison (1849) 202, 225, 266, 524-5 114,115 St Stephen, Coleman Street 173, 176 Crosby Hall 113, 177, 189 St Stephen Walbrook 98, 109 St Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe 17-18 St Swithun, London Stone 16 St Andrew Undershaft 165 St Vedast, Foster Lane 165, 259 St Bartholomew-the-Less 187 Temple Church 100, 317, 371, 379, 390 St Dunstan-in-the-East 17, 55 Dr Hopkins (orgt) 165, 379 St Dunstan-in-the-West 59, 82, 99, 108, 114 organ by Smith (1683-7) 5, 6, 385 St Edmund, Lombard Street 53, 99, 114 Greater London, organs: St Katharine-by-the-Tower 17-18, 48, 80 Acre Lane Chapel, Clapham 106, 108 see also: London (Greater London): St Agricultural Hall, Islington 308, 341 Katherine, Regent's Park Alexandra Palace 270, 309, 366, 367, 370, 416, St Katherine Coleman 71 417,434,507-^,536 St Luke, Old Street 277-8 application of tubular-pneumatic action 358 St Mary Abchurch 111 casework 335-6, PL 53 St Mary-at-Hill All Saints, Gordon Square 191, 209 Hill (1848): 165, 197, 199, 201, 205, 215, All Saints, Margaret Street 322, 323, 357, 368, 222-5, 223~4> 22^, 259? 4O25 blowing 230; 403, 407, 485-6 case 223-4, 247-8, PI. 30; console 224, All Saints, Notting Hill 187 253, 255; contract 223-4; composition All Saints, Poplar 165 pedals 365; fire (1988) 225; layout 229-30; All Souls, Langham Place (St Marylebone) 75, mixtures 243-4; pipework 238-9, 240-1, 98. Table 22, 245; soundboards 235; wind Apollonicon, St Martin's Lane 16, 58, 60, 90, pressure 237 276-7,362,515 St Mary Woolnoth 99 Bedford Chapel 266 St Matthew, Friday Street 17-18 Brompton Oratory 70 St Michael, Cornhill 258, 361 Chapel Royal, St James's Palace St Olave Jewry 100 Elliot (1819) see Crick, St Margaret St Paul's Cathedral Hill & Davison (1837) 57, 99, 102, 109, no, description of organ 114, 456-7 pre-1826: 5, 6; pedals 14, 15, PL 4, 23; Chapel Royal, Whitehall 16, 20, 47 winding 25 Christ Church, Camberwell 361

576 Index

Greater London - cont description: blowing 363; composition Christ Church, St George's-in-the-East 262 pedals 365; consoles 206; crescendo and Christ Church, Spitalfields 165, 176 diminuendo pedals 367; equal Bridge (1735) 11 temperament 372, 373; mixtures 207, 244; Lincoln (1837) 99, 103, 104, 108, 115 pneumatic lever 356; reeds 208, 237, 279, Covent Garden Theatre 11, 54 403, 407; soundboards 235 Crystal Palace (Hyde Park/Sydenham) St Andrew, Wells Street 199, 208, 209, 323 Great Exhibition (1851): organ by St Anne, Limehouse Ducroquet 296-7, 275, 356; Gray & rebuilt Russell (1811) 4, 15, 16, 19, 97 Davison 116, 231, 267-70, PL 39 and 40, Gray & Davison (1851): 267-70, 475-6; 296, 475-6; Hill 209, 296, 356, 362, 364, action 233, 235; case 333-4, PL 39; 511-1% Schulze 179, 297, 371, 383, 386, console 267, PL 40; couplers 435; layout 489-90; Willis in, 148, 296, 308, 357, 364, 233, 268-70; reeds 267; swell box 267-8; 365-6, 37^ 417-21, 432, 433, 437, 439~ winding 267 40, 453-5 St Barnabas, Kensington 259, 388 Handel Festival organ (1857) 91-2, 282, St Barnabas, Pimlico 59, 95, 101 284, 286, 304, 334-5, 477-9 St Barnabas, Stockwell 209 International Exhibition (1862): organ by St Clement Danes, Strand 248 Forster & Andrews 367, 368, 390; Willis St Dunstan, Stepney 4 58, 351, 365, 366, 368, 371, 389, 416, 434, St George, Bloomsbury 11 436, 437. 536 St George, Camberwell 51, 68, 75, PL 16, 98, proposal for permanent organ (1853) 211 106, 108 Exeter Hall, Strand 271 St George, Hanover Square 13 Festival organ (1836) 181-2 St George, Southwark 16 Walker (1839): 57, 448-9; case 75; doubles St George, Tufnell Park 361 108; Mendelssohn visits 167, 176; Pedal St George's Cathedral (RC), Southwark Organ 100, 105, 183; pneumatic lever 356; 110-11 Swell 115 St Giles, Camberwell 53, 100, 110—11, 446-7 Foundling Hospital 11, 58, 106, 258 St James, Bermondsey 52-3, 68, 445-6 German (Lutheran) Church, Savoy 15 audition for organist (1829) 173, 17^ Hanover Square, concert rooms, 16, 61, 172,176 description: case 75, PL 18; console PL 23, Holy Trinity, Brompton 102 103; duplication 109; Pedal Organ 98, Holy Trinity, Gray's Inn Road 57 102, 103; reeds 44, 52, 91, 113; Swell Holy Trinity, Newington/Southwark 44, 51, compass 52, 114 108 opening 103, 173, 176 Holy Trinity, Paddington 100 St James, Clapham 108 Holy Trinity, St Marylebone 98 St James, Clerkenwell n Holy Trinity, Sydenham 405, 407, 408-11 St James, Piccadilly 53 Jesuit Church, Farm Street 373 St James's Hall 283, 334 King's College, Strand 335, 366 St John's Chapel, Bedford Row, see Thaxted, Lincoln's Inn Chapel 165, 197, 205, 237, 362, St John the Baptist 368, 403 St John, Hackney 98 Philanthropic Society Chapel, Southwark 64, St John, Hampstead 432 116 St John, Hyde Park Crescent, Paddington 401- Portland Chapel 209 p, PI. 61,406, 407, 534 Portuguese Chapel 19, 20, 70, 172 description: mixture 405; pipework 407, Royal Albert Hall, Kensington 270, 309, 415, Table 27, 408-9, Table 29; wind pressure 416,417 407 case 335-8; console 370, PL 57; French St John, Waterloo Road 53, 54, 75, PL 17, 98, influence 434; pipe metal 436, 437-8; 102 pneumatic shutter control 365; sforzando St John's Wood Chapel 100 pedal 367 St Katherine, Regent's Park 168, 176, 507 Royal Panopticon of Science and Art, Leicester see also: London (City): St Square 143, 197, 198, 199, 205-8, PL 28, Katharine-by-the-Tower 210, 212-14, 280, 286, 303, 345, 346, 398, St Luke, Chelsea 68, 75, 98, 110, 114, 115, 451- 417,522

Index 577

St Margaret, Westminster 4, 12, 16, 26 441, Table 34; wind pressures 437 St Mark, Clerkenwell 108 Wesleyan Chapel, Poplar 197, 199, 205 St Mark, Kennington 55 Westminster Abbey: St Mark, Old Street Road 320 Shrider's organ 6; introduction of pedal St Mark, St John's Wood 266 pipes 15, 16, 19, 98, 102; use of box pallet St Martin-in-the-Fields, Trafalgar Square 125; case by Blore (1833) 82, 311; Gray (1800) 91 Coronation organ (1838) 183-4; Hill's Bevington (1854) 58, 257-8; case 339, PL 54 reconstruction (1848) 95, 198, 522; equal St Marylebone PC 13, 17, 55, 91 temperament 371; Willis's proposal St Mary Moorfields (RC) 58, 70, 108, 110, (1^79)415 114, 115 long movement 31 St Mary, Stoke Newington 291 Loosemore, John (ob) 105 St Mary, Walthamstow 100 Louth, St James 291 St Mary, Wanstead 209 Lowther Castle 111 St Mary, Whitechapel 17 Liibeck, Germany 178 see also: Cambridge, St Luke, Chesterton Lucerne, Switzerland 211 St Mary Magdalene, Islington 19, 75 Ludlow (Salop), St Laurence 291 St Mary Magdalene, Munster Square 316 Ludwigsburg, Germany 178 St Mary Magdalene, Peckham 102 Lulworth Castle, Catholic Chapel 70 St Matthias, Stoke Newington 308, 322, 432 Lymm (Cheshire) 321 St Michael, Chester Square 59, 258, 259 St Michael, Highgate 174, 177 Macclesfield (Cheshire), St George 108 St Olave, Southwark 51, 165, 187, 189, 190-1, McKorkell, Charles (orgt) 179, 373 194, 196, 208, 257, 367, 508-10, 524 Manchester: St Pancras PC organ-building 49, 300, 302-4 Gray (1822) 55, 64, 68, 91, 98, 102, 107 Cathedral 332 Smart appointed organist (1865) 277 Church of the Holy Name 404, 407,500-/ acquires Birmingham organ 282-3, 339? PI- Emmanuel Church, Barlow Moor 302 55> 344, 529 Free Trade Hall 304, 363, 390 see also: Birmingham Music Hall Henshaw's Blind Asylum 390 St Patrick, Soho 16 Radnor Street Chapel 209 St Paul, Covent Garden 91, 258 St Luke, Cheetham Hill 189, 197, 198, 199, St Paul, Knightsbridge 262-4, PI. 37, 472-4 201, 202-3,205,245,466-7 St Peter, Eaton Square 306, 392, 393-4, 493-5 St Peter 260, 303-4, 390, 484-5 St Peter, Saffron Hill 57 St Thomas, Radcliffe 396, 408 St Peter, Walworth 51, 98, 108 Town Hall 270, 376 St Philip, Regent Street 277 Mander, N. P. (ob) 401 St Philip, Waterloo Place 99, 107 Marsh, John 13 St Saviour, Southwark (Southwark Cathedral) Marshall, Frederick 203, 522 15, 17, 18, 20, 114, 306 Melbourne, Australia, Town Hall 395, 404, 406, St Stephen, Hampstead 368, 434, 435, 436, 407, 497-8 44I>535 Mendelssohn, Felix St Stephen, Islington 209 promotion of Bach: performances of organ St Stephen, Regent's Park 321 works 89, 164-8, 173-5, 176-7; St Stephen, South Lambeth 368 publication 170, 171-2 St Thomas the Rolls Chapel 189 influence in England: on Gauntlett 165, 187; Surrey Chapel, Blackfriars Road 17-18, 172, on organ design 164, 181, 183, 255; on I91, 3O7,522 organists 165; plays at Cornhill 165, 222, Surrey Institution 173, 176 253; publishes Sonatas 166; registration Theatre Royal, Drury Lane 360 166; technique 166 Union Chapel, Islington metal, see pipework Gray & Davison (1852) 426 Methodists, use of organs 69, 516-17 Gauntlett (orgt) 187, 190, 426 Miller, A. T. (ob) 299, 320 Willis (1877): 426-32, 428-31, 535; action mixtures 13 435, Figs. 29 and 30, 358, 359; console design: affected by adoption of equal 368, PI. 56, 431; mixtures 440; pipework temperament 244, 282; composition 47-8,

578 Index

mixtures - cont Northampton: 94, 381, 388, 405-6, 534; German System All Saints 198, 205, 373 190, 198, 199, 201, 207, 243-4, 257; in Exchange Rooms 179, 297, 380, 383—6, PI. 59, Gray & Davison's work, 282, 290, 291; 533 Hodges's proposals 154, 156; late Norwich: innovations 301, 381, 388, 392, 396, 405- provision of organs 66 6; in Willis's work 306, 433, 434, 440 Cathedral 52, 112 disaffection with (1880s) 388 Nottingham: Monday, Joseph (ob) 155, 299 organ-building 299, 300 Monk, Alfred (ob) 305 Halifax Place Wesleyan Chapel 265, PI. 38, Monk, Dr Edwin George (orgt) 127, 368, 404, 474-5 405, 4*5 Holy Trinity 100 Montreal Cathedral, Canada, 16, 31, 47, 404 Mechanics' Institute Moore, Joseph 128, 178 Bevington (1849) 58, 189, 194, 257, 462-3 Moscheles, Ignaz 178 Hill (1869) 404 Mounsey, Ann (orgt) 165, 259 Stjames 15, 16 Mounsey, Elizabeth (orgt) 165, 166, 520-1 St Mary 25, 100, 332 Miiller, Christian (ob) 211 St Peter 98 Miiller, J. C. B. (ob) 379, 382 Novello,J. Alfred (music publisher) 128, 171 Muir, Wood & Co. (ob) see Wood, Small & Co. Novello, Vincent 70, 113, 127, 128, 142, 178 Munich, Germany 127 foreign tour (1829) 175 Musical World 187, 521-2 performance of Bach 172-3, 176 publishes Bach 165, 169, 170

nachthorn (r) 378 Oakeley, Revd Frederick 152 Nash, John (archt) 75 oboe (r) 44, 91,517 Neale, John Mason 311, 313 oboe-flute (r) 199, 200, Fig. 11, 220, 245 Neukomm, Sigismund (orgt) 89, 127, 128, 130 octave claribella (r) 112 Newark (Notts), St Mary Magdalene: octave clarion 131, 304 England (1804) 4, 16, 81 Ohrmann & Nutt (ob) 516 Bishop (1835) 53,91, 93-4, 99, 112 Oldham (Greater Manchester): Willis (1866) 365 Parish Church 57, 106, 108, no, 113, Table Newcastle-upon-Tyne: 11, 239, 240, 365 provision of organs in 67 Stjames 108 St Andrew 108 St Thomas, Werneth 304 St Mary's Cathedral (RG) 306, 393 Old Radnor (Powys), St Stephen 324 St Thomas 108, 111 Olney (Bucks), 183, 185 Town Hall 283-4, 334-5 Ombersley (Worcs), St Andrew 85, PI. 22 Newfoundland, St John's Cathedral 258 open diapason (r) New York, USA 158 characteristics 5, 19, 90 Trinity Church 152, 154, 157 duplication 11-12, 15, 109, 113, 119 Nicholl, Sir John 65, 67 scaling 45, 46-7, 183, 239, 240, 441 Nicholls, William Alfred (ob) 17, 98, 107, 114, ophicleide (r) 131-3, 193, 198, 286, 434 "5 oratorio 91-3, 322 see also: London (Greater London): St Luke, organ-builders 49-59, 298-310 Chelsea apprenticeship 61-2; businesses 59-65, 301, Nicholson, John (ob) 260, 299 304, 305, 375-6; criticism of English 297, see also: Worcester, Shire Hall 374-6; provincial organ-builders 298-304; Nicholson, Richard (ob) 108 standardisation of production 62-3, 302, Nicholson, Thomas Haigh (ob) 299 304; trade suppliers 304; workforce 62, nicking, see pipework 299; workshop 60-2, 299, 301-2 nonconformists: organ case 33-5, 67, 73-85, 323-39 adoption of organs 69-70 diapering of pipes 330-2; Hill's cases 246-53; cases 75, 248—51, 339 increased size in 1840s 229, 246-7; Norman, E. W. (ob) 299 Scudamore organs 318-19; Norman & Beard (ob) 236, 522 standardisation of designs 50, 84

Index 579

organ chamber 316-17, 320-1 design: action 234; compass 22, Table 10, 190, organists: 221, 258, 265, 406; German System 182-5, commission paid to 65; duties 71-2; foreign 190, 192, 193, 194, 197—8, 202-5, 209, travel 175-80, 377 242, 256, 260, 262, 264, 265, 266; other organo harmonica 307—8 innovations 86, 95-105, 150, 153, 156-7, organs: 348, 387> 393> 4°3-4> 4o6> 4335 location use-in Divine Service 70—3, 310—11 31, 231-2, 234; manual keyboard 103,122, location of, in churches 310-20, 321-3, 358-9 130, 155, 157, 203, 204, 264; mixtures 244; musical use 89, 340-9 winding 25, 54; York Minster 121-2, 125 orchestral effects 90-3, 192-5, 206-7, 260, musical use: 104-5, 181-209 {passim) 270-4, 277, 286-7, 341, 345-8, 375, Perkins, C. W. (orgt) 130 413-16 Pershore Abbey (Worcs) 108 provision of, in churches 65-70, 310 Peschard, Dr Albert 355, 360 Ouseley, Sir Frederick Arthur Gore (orgt) 59, Peterborough Cathedral 52, 82, 397, 403 K>5, 179, 377 physharmonica (r) 378 Oxford: pianoforte organ 64 Christ Church Cathedral 52, 101 piccolo (r) 199, 200-1, 245, 281 Magdalen College 279, 281, 373 piccolo organs 300 St Mary 5 Pilcher, Wfilliam (ob) 98 Wadham College 437,505 Pinto, George Frederick 172 pipework 40-8, 384 pallets 14, 86, 235-6, 296 decoration 330-2; languids 47, 238, 408, 441; relief pallets: 349-51, 512; Hill's 'box' pallet metal 40, 237, 407, 436; metal flutes 43-4; 125, Fig. 9, 133, 235, 349, 519; Willis's nicking 45, 46, 238-9, Fig. 17, 408, 440-1; cylindrical pedal valve 148, 349 new constructions 163; scaling 40, 42-7, Pardoe, — ?— 227 93, 127, 236-46, 239-43, 302, 408-11, Paris 175, 178, 179, 278 439-40; slotting 306, 433-4, 440- 1; Exhibition (1867) 358, 360 voicing 238-9, 408, 440-1; wood registers La Madeleine 179, 211, 274, 352 42-3,200-1,404-5,437 St-Augustin 360 Pittman, Josiah (orgt) 61, 103, 165, 176, 178 St-Sulpice 210, 248, 250, 274, 416, 437 plainsong, revival of 152-3, 315, 322-3 Parker, Richard (ob) 49 Plymouth (Devon), St Andrew 108 Parker, Thomas (ob) 11, 106 pneumatic lever 281, 291, 296, 297, 300, 315, parochial choirs: 35!-7,4J4 growth of 298, 310, 320, 321-3 history: Booth's experiments 351-2; Hamilton position 313, 315-18 352-3; Barker 126, 352-6; earliest use in organ to accompany 321-3 England 356-7,531 see also: choral service; parochial service application: Cavaille-Coll 135, 356; Gray & parochial service 152-3, 315-18, 320, 321-3 Davison 280, 281, 284; in Liverpool organ Parratt, Sir Walter (orgt) 345 135, 345; in Panopticon organ 207; stop Parry, Sir C. Hubert 342 action 356, 512; swell shutters 364-5 Paulinzelle, Germany 178 importance 234, 346 Paxton, Joseph 295 see also: Charles Spackman Barker; Pearson, John Loughborough (archt) 324, 528 combination pistons; tubular-pneumatic pedals: action; Henry Willis construction: 96, 164; brass pedals 156-7; Pole, William 296, 511-13 design of pedal board 226, 255, 301, 345, portunai (r) 378 371 posaune (r) 113, 131, 132, 191, 198, 245, 262, 433 introduction 4, 14-15, Table 10, 102-3, r54 positif organ 382 types: German pedals 20-2; toe pedals 21 Preston (Kent), St Mildred 320 pedal couplers, see couplers Preston (Lanes): Pedal Organ: St George 308, 335, 421-6, 422-3, 434 pedal pipes: 14-20, 87, 96-105, Table 10, 106, casework PL 63; console 370, PI. 64; layout 109, 131, 140-1; construction 43; and action 435-6, Figs. 27 and 28; drawstop for 20; dwarf pipes 19—20; mixtures 440; pipe metal 436; pipework scaling 19—20 Table 32, 440; wind pressure 436

580 Index

Preston (Lanes) - cont rohr-flute (rohrflote) (r) 193, 303, 305, 378, 389, St Walburgh 70, 205, 373 4°4> 437 unidentified location 32, Fig. 6 Roman Catholics, and organs 70 Prout, Ebenezer (orgt) 426 romanticism 88—9, 310 psalmody 71, 72-3, 190-1 Romsey Abbey (Hants) 57, 259 Pugin, Augustus Charles 82 Ross-on-Wye (Herefs) 67 Pugin, Augustus Welby Northmore (archt) 317 Rotherham (S. Yorks), All Saints 35 Pulbrook, Edwin Horsell 358 Rotterdam, Holland 140, 175, 210, 211, 386 Pyne, Kendrick (orgt) 272 Runcorn (Cheshire) 390 Rushworth & Dreaper (ob) 222, 402 quintaton 378 Russell, Hugh (ob) 4, 9, 15, 16, 51 see also: London (Greater London): St Anne, Radley College (Oxon) 179 Limehouse Radnor, Earl of 311 Russell, Timothy (ob) 49, 51, 52, 108, 305 railways 132 Russell, William (orgt) 89, 104 Rea, William (orgt) 165, 178, 272 Reading: St Albans Abbey (Herts): St Mary 17 Gray (1817) 17 Town Hall 308, Table 33, 440,505-6, 536 Hill (1861) 396, 397, 402, 404, 405, 406, Redhill, St John 51 499-500 reeds: St Asaph Cathedral 404 construction: 5—6, 44-5, Table 4; free reeds St David's Cathedral 52, 257 283, 297, 304, 378; harmonic resonators St-Denis 135, 179, 211, 274, 354 283, 290, 303, 433, 434; horizontal St Neots (Cambs), St Mary 260 disposition 208, 281, 283, 286, 323, 400, St Petersburg, Russia, 132, 189 406, 525; shallots 44, 245-6, 246, 411, 416, Saint-Saens, Charles Camille 283 438 salcional (salicional) (r) 199, 201, 239, 303, 438 innovations in design and use: German System Salisbury Cathedral: 197, 198-200, 204-5, 208, 221, 245-6, Green (1792) 81 257; Insular Movement 25, 111, 113-14, Blyth(i823)98 131-3, 163 Willis (1877): 309; casework 335; console 368, innovations in winding: application of distinct 370; location 311; pipework 436, 441; pressures 237, 291, 297, 315, 392, 393, tubular-pneumatic action 358-9 407-8, 416; high pressure 131-3, 148-9, Salon, France 360 204, 205, 208, 279, 281, 283, 407, 434, Savage, James (archt) 75, 248 519-20; increasing pressures 278-80, 284 scaling, see pipework in work of individual builders: Gray 262, 290; Schneider, Johann, Christian Friedrich (orgt) 178 Hill 404, 406, 411; Lewis 305-6; Schulze Schnitger, Arp (ob) 211 388, 392; Willis 306, 376, 416, 420-1, 432, Schulze, Edmund (ob) 87, 178, 179, 379, 383-8, 433> 434> 437-8, 535 P1- 58. 437, 533 Rees's Cyclopaedia 4-6, 96, PL 4 and 5 reception in England: 297, 321, 376; influence on action 31; key coverings 35; long movement on Dr Hopkins 379; on Lewis 305-6, 392- 31; pedals 22-3; pipework 40, PL 12; reeds 4; on Yorkshire builders 299, 300-1; work 44; solo voluntary 13; winding 23-5 in England 533-4 registration 89-90, 166, 322, 341-9 reeds 388,392,393 Renn, Samuel (ob) 50, 57, 61, 84, 108, 302, 303 compared with Willis 374-5, 412-14, 417 Richardson, W. E. (ob) 300, 526 see also: Doncaster, St George; London (Greater Rimbault, Edward Francis 313, 379, 532-3 London): Crystal Palace (1851) see also: E. J. Hopkins Schulze, J. F. (ob) 383 Rinck, Johann Christian Heinrich (orgt) 178 Scone Palace (Perth) 9 Ripon Cathedral 306, 332 blowing 27; dulciana 42; flutes 42-3; layout 30; Robinson, Thomas (ob) 50 mixtures 47-8; pedals PL 2, 21, 22; pedal Robson, Joseph (ob) 58-9, 99 pipes 16, 19, 31; reeds 45; scaling 46; Robson T. J. F. (ob) 59, 108, 114, 132, 258-9 shifting movement 33 Rogers, Jeremiah 174, 176, 178-9, 377, 379, 386 Scott, Sir George Gilbert (archt) 61, 248, 311, Rogers, W. G. 248 314,330,332-3

Index 581

Scudamore organs 317-20, 328 soundboards 25, 235-6, 302, 349, 380, 392, 396 Seede, Brice and Richard (ob) 49 Southwell Minster (Notts) 98 Seidel, J. J. (orgt) 372, 378-9, 388 Spark, Dr William (orgt) Selby Abbey (N. Yorks) 108 and Leeds Town Hall 272, 284, 290-1, 309 sesquialtra & cornet (r) 13 views on: Choir Organ 322; Doncaster organ Sevenoaks (Kent), St Nicholas 11, 16, 35 387-8; electric action 360; French organs Seville Cathedral, Spain, 178, 210 274 sforzando pedal 267, 268, 284, 367 Speechley, Henry (ob) 305, 527 shallots see reeds Sperling, Revd John Hanson 327, 330 Sharpe, Lancelot (orgt) 71 spitz-flute (spitzflote) (r) 303, 378, 381, 389, 404- Shaw, John (i) (archt) 82 5,437 Sheffield: Stainer, Sir John (orgt) 322, 348, 435 organs in nonconformist chapels 69 Stalybridge (Greater Manchester), St Paul 189, Albert Hall 270, 376 208, 209, 522 St John, Chapeltown 392 Stamford (Lines) 67 St Philip 189, 196, 197, 199, 203 Stanwix (Cumbria), St Michael and All Angels St Paul 73 189, 191,208, 209 St Peter 16,20,81 still gedact (r) 390 Wesleyan Chapel 174, 176 Stimpson, James (orgt) 167, 169, 172, 177, 255 Sherborne Abbey (Dorset) 282, 332, PI. 51 Stirling, Elizabeth (orgt) 165, 168, 170, 173-4, shifting movement 33 176, 507-8 Shrewsbury 67 Stockport (Greater Manchester) 50 Shrider, Christopher (ob) 6 Parish Church 16,98, 102, 107 Silbermann, Andreas (ob) 210, 211 St Thomas 108 Silbermann, Gottfried (ob) 383 Sunday School 13, 16, 47 simplification system 127, 302, 304, 378, 380 stop knobs: Sleaford (Lines), St Denis 35 arrangement 35-40, 253-5, 286, 323, 368-70 Smart, Sir George (orgt) 183, 277 design 35-8, 253, 368-70, 524 Smart, Henry (orgt) 190, PL 41, 379, 387 stopped diapason (r) 5, 42, 43-4, 245, 404-5, 437 career: 275-7; visits Cavaille-Coll 179, 278; Strasburg Cathedral, Alsace 210, 248, 314, 322 collaboration with Davison 164, 270, 274- Stratford-upon-Avon (Warks), Holy Trinity 189, 91; compositions 343-4; French influence 197, 198, 199, 203, 204, 205, 244, 247, 256 277-90; Glasgow organ 278-81; invents strings 135, 347, 378, 381, 406, 417, 432, 433 adjustable pedal 284-6, 366; Leeds organ innovations: 1840s 198, 199, 201, 228-9, 264; 284-90, 309; St Luke's, Old Street 277-8; Schuize's influence 301, 396 rebukes Gray & Davison 266; registration Sturgeon, William 359 344 suabe-flute (r) 199, 200, 220, 245, 303, 404 views on: Bevington 258; English organs 234, Sullivan, Sir Arthur 271, 322, 349 341; increasing pressure system 278-9; Sutton, Revd Frederick Heathcote 323-7, 333, location of organs 315-16; octave couplers 528,529 280; Panopticon organ 207-8, 235, 362, Church Organs (1872) 323-4, PI. 47 and 48 403; pipe metal 237; Robson 259; criticism of ecclesiological cases 328 Sherborne case 282, 332 Sutton, Sir John 35, 529 Smirke, Sir Robert (archt) 82, 311 on early Gothic Revival cases 73-4, 81-2 Smith, Bernard (ob) 3, 4, 5, 6, 25, 40, 55, 215, Short Account (1847) 327 216, 222, 238, 247, 248, 310, 327, 385, 414 swell box: Smith, John (i) (ob) 17, 27, 50, 98-9, 150-9, 299 construction: 116-17, 229> 23^, 286, 363-5; see also: Bristol, St James; Edward Hodges 'cottage' boxes 231, 236; 'nag's head' 33; Smith,John(ii)99, 150, 155 shutters 158, 236, 267—8, 296, 363—5; see also: Bristol, St Stephen Venetian swell 33, 515 Snetzler, John (ob) 5, 25, 35, 44, 47-8, 56, 86, increased powers of expression 89, 363-4 105,515-16 swell pedal 209, 236, 364, 513 Solo Organ 193-4, 404, 406-7, 419 Swell Organ 3, 14, 28-9 at: Bolton Town Hall 347; Holy Trinity, compass 106, 114-15, 264 Hulme 303; Leeds Town Hall 286-90; development: German System 192-3, 194, Panopticon 208 197-8, 202, 203, 204, 221, 229, 241, 245-

582 Index Swell Organ - cont trumpet (r): 6, 256, 431, 520; post-1850 260, 291, 304, character and construction: 5, 44, Table 4, 91, 308, 346, 378, 381-2, 390, 403, 404, 405- 115; made by Gray 262; by Hill 113, 245- 6, 407—8, 415, 432; Insular Movement 6; harmonic 283, 303, 433 114-17, 150, 157-9 tuba (tuba mirabilis) (r) 133, 194, 205, 208, 279, double diapason 106 347, 434,5*2 musical use 71, 520 see also: ophicleide Swiss cromorne-flute (r) 199, 200 tubular-pneumatic action 234, 357-9, 435 Sydney, Australia Turle, James (orgt) 142, 173 St Andrew's Cathedral 405, 407 Turvey (Beds), All Saints Town Hall 397 Hill & Davison (1838) 182-3, 188, 189 Hill (1846?) 510 Taunton (Somerset) Hill (1855) 255,330 Holy Trinity 235, 237, 237, 238, 239, 243, 246 typhus pedal, see Edward Hodges case 248, PI. 33 St John 308, 335, 436 unda maris (r) 378 Taylor, S. (ob) 299 untersatz (r) 191 Telford, William (ob) 100, 179 Upton Scudamore (Wilts), St Mary the Virgin temperament: 317, PL 46 adoption of equal 135, 142-3, 304, 371-2 retention of unequal 281, 282, 371-3 viola (r) 303, 378, 433, 438 affecting mixtures 244, 405 viola d'amour (r) 378, 438 Tenbury (Worcs), St Michael's College 59, 87, viol di gamba (r) 199, 201, 239, 282 95, 101, 105 Violette, Edward (ob) 304 casework 330, PL 50 violin diapason (r) 381 Tewkesbury Abbey (Glos) 308 violon(e) (r) 346, 378 Thalberg, Sigismond (pianist) 345 introduced by Hill 228, 396, 403, 523, 535 Thaxted (Essex), St John the Baptist 6-11, //, metal 303, 419, 432, 433, 434, 438 !3, 33, 51,55,57,94 violoncello (r) 55, 91, 396, 433 action 31-2; case PL 1, 35, 339; console 35-40, Vogler, GeorgJoseph (orgt) 127, 302, 304, 378 PL 8 and 10; couplers 32; dulciana 42; see also; simplification system duplication 12; flutes 44; frame 31; layout voix celeste (r) 278, 280, 304, 305, 346, 381 27-31, Figs. 3 and 4, 230; mixtures 47-8; voix humaine, see vox humana pedals 21, PL 3; pedal pipes 14, 19, 98; voluntary 71, 72, 73, 322 pipework 10, Table 1, 40, 45-7; reeds 44; Vowles, W. G. (ob) 299 winding 23, Fig. 1, 26 vox angelica (r) 194, 199, 208, 303, 378, 393, 404, thunder pedal 159 433 tierce (r) 243, 264, 405, 440 vox humana (voix humaine) (r) 44, 193, 344 Tiverton (Devon), St Peter 434, 435, 436, 441 superseded 90 Topfer, J. G. (theorist) 304, 383, 389, 390, 392, reintroduced 280, 304, 403-4, 432 533 Vyvyan, Sir Richard 58 Toronto, Canada, 152 totally enclosed organs 191, 208-9, Table 20 Wadsworth, Edward (ob) 299, 300, 390 Totnes (Devon), St Mary 358 Wagner, Richard 271 town halls 67, 270-1 Walcker, E. F. (ob) 178, 211, 379, 382 Tractarian movement 310, 316, 321, 322-3 wald-flute (r) 199, 200, Fig. 11, 220, 245, 280, see also; Ecclesiological movement; parochial 381,404 service; plainsong, revival of Walker, Joseph William (ob) 58, 59, 100-1, 108, transcriptions 90-3 ir5,259, 373, 388 Trelowarren (Cornwall) 58 career: 57-8; cases 84; conservatism 259, 373, tremulant 267, 277-8, 280, 281, 284, 291, 303, 389; pneumatic lever 356; workforce 62 344, 347 see also: London (Greater London): Exeter Trinidad Cathedral 265 Hall, Strand tromba (r) 281, 283, 433 Wallasey (Merseyside), St Hilary 308, 346-7, 434 trombone (r) 113, 131, 132, 181, 184, 198, 245, Walmisley, Thomas Attwood (orgt): 323, 433 organ for St John's College, Cambridge 110;

Index 583 for Liverpool 95, 141-2, 143; compositions 388, 412-14, 417; Scudamore organs 318 J 04-53 348 innovations: caseless organ 335-8; cylindrical Walsall (W. Midlands), St Matthew 16 pedal valve 148, 349; combination pistons Wanstead (Essex), St Mary 72 365-6; crescendo and diminuendo pedals Ward, John (ob) 50, 112 367; diaphragm-aided pallet 351, Fig. 23; and York organ: 98, 113,119-22, 127 hollow valve 350-1, Fig. 22; hydraulic Warwick, St Mary 260 engine 363; pneumatic lever and Washington (Co. Durham), Holy Trinity 404 improvements 357, 364-5, 414, 416, 419, Waterford Cathedral 17, 31, 197 431; sforzando pedal 367; tubular- Webb, Benjamin 311 pneumatic action 315, 357-9, 431 Webbe, Egerton 104 organs: action 435-6; consoles 345-6, 368; Weber, Carl Maria 90-1 duplication 111; equal temperament 143, Wedlake, Henry (ob) 305, 527 373; flutes 433, 434, 437; layout 231; WTednesbury (W. Midlands), Town Hall 339 mixtures 306, 433, 434, 440; pedal board Wreimar Cathedral, Germany, 383 371; pipe metal 436; pipework 436-41, Weingarten Abbey, Germany, 140, 141, 378 reeds 306, 307, 315, 414, 416, 432, 433, r W eld, Thomas 70 434, 438, 535; stop knobs 368-70; stop W'ells Cathedral 111, 261, 308, 335, 366, 373, lists 432-5; strings 433, 438; swell box 414, 433, 436, 437, 455-6, 535 364-5; Swell Organ 432, 433; tonal T W esley, Charles (orgt) 49 characteristics 306, 315, 321, 414-15, 433, Wesley, Revd John 516 434; voicing 440-1; winding 362; wind Wesley, Samuel (orgt) 18, 104, 153, 159, 182, pressures 416, 436-7 187,203 see also: Carlisle Cathedral; Gloucester compositions 89, 517; on double diapason 106; Gathedrai; London (City): St Paul's on pedals 14-15 Cathedral; London (Greater London): Wesley, Dr Samuel Sebastian (orgt) 179, 256, Alexandra Palace; Crystal Palace (1851, 308, 344 1862); Royal Albert Hall; Union Chapel, compositions: 341-2, 348, 517 Islington; Liverpool, St George's Hall; as player: Bach performances 173, 176; at Oxford, Wadham College; Preston, St Birmingham 133, 342; use of doubles 107; George; Reading Town Hall; Salisbury use of pedals 97, 104, 371; registration 89- Cathedral; Wallasey, St Hilary; Wells 90; 517; style 142,341-3 Cathedral; Winchester Cathedral Liverpool organ 135-44, 279, 343, 363, 364 Willson, Edward James (archt) 82 views on temperament 372, 373 Winchester: Winchester organ: 417, 432; case 82 Cathedral see also: Liverpool, St George's Hall; Avery (1799) 12 Winchester Cathedral (Crystal Palace, Blore's case (1824) 82 1851) Willis (1854): 261, 296, 308, 343, 371, 414, West Derby (Merseyside), St Mary 291 417-21, 418-19, 432-3; fluework Table 30; West Tofts (Norfolk), St Mary 327 reeds Table 31, 438 Whitchurch (Salop), St Alkmund 368 see also: Crystal Palace (1851) Whiteley Bros (ob) 299, 300 St Cross 328 Wilke, J. (theorist) 383 winding 23-7, 53-4, 207, 235-6, 361-3, 512, 513 Wilkinson, William (ob) 50, 359 see also: bellows Willis, George (ob) 438, 536 wind pressures 135, 315, 407—8 Willis, Henry (ob) 87, 101, 194, 261, 315, 321, innovations: Birmingham 133; Gauntlett's 187, 341, 397, 406, 412-41, PL 62, 442 194; Hill's 236-7; increasing pressure career: 306-10, 412-17; apprenticeship 62, system 278-80; Liverpool 148-9; Willis 307; works with Evans 307-8; establishes 416, 436; at York 119 own business 308; character 209, 308, 412; see also: William Hill; increasing pressure Great Exhibition 296, 308, 371; influence system; Henry Willis of Cavaille-Goll 376, 416, 433-4; German Windsor: influences 389-90; relations with Lewis Music Room 116, 363 305, 306; Liverpool organ 135-49, 345; St George's Chapel 26, 89, 99, 100, 116—17, patents 308, 309, 357, 366, 412; premises 356 308, 309; compared with Schulze 374-5, St George's Hall 197

584 Index

Wise, Solomon (ob) 304 psalm-singing in churches 72 Wivenhoe (Essex), St Mary 189 York Minster 69, 140, 141, 163, 175,300,341 WoburnPC (Beds) 51 Blyth (1803) 25, 118-19,//# Wolfram, J. C. (theorist) 383 Ward (1823): 119-22, 120-1; nave division Wolverhampton (W. Midlands), St George 60 121; Pedal Organ 102, 113, 121-2; reeds Woodbridge (Suffolk), St Mary 17 113; destruction 122 Wood, Small & Co. (ob) 50, 108 Elliot & Hill (1829-33): 57, 61, 86, 87, 122- Wooley, T. (orgt) 25, 96 7, 123-4; case 82, PI. 20; compasses 95, Worcester: 126; compared with Birmingham 107, Cathedral 130, 135; composition pedals 365; Hill (1842) 189, 192-3, 197, 198, 199, 203, duplication 109-10; failure 126-7; 205, 244, 264, 417, 460-1; case 247 harmonicas 112; law suit 127, 182, 515; Hill (1874) 313,529 layout 124; pedals 371; Pedal Organ 98, removal of choir screen 314 124; pipework 124, 127; swell box 116; Wesley's playing at 342 Swell Organ 114, 115 Music Hall 260, 471-2 Hill & Son (1859) 201, 348, 357, 363, 365, Wordsworth & Maskell (ob) 300 375, 397> 4°4> 495~7\ console 368; Wrexham (Clwyd), St Giles 108 crescendo pedal 367; mixtures 405, 406; Wyatt, James (archt) 71, 82, 517, 528 pipe metal 407; reeds 407; tubas 406 Wyatt, Jeffry (archt) 35 Nave Organ (1863) 313, 395-6, 404 Wymondham Abbey (Norfolk) 35, 81 Young, Alexander (ob) 300

Yeovil (Somerset), St John the Baptist 155, 302 zartflote (r) 390 York: zinc, used for making pipes 124, 131, 159, 245, organ-building in 49, 50, 300 282,407,519 provision of organs 66