Escola De Humanidades Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Educação Doutorado Em Educação

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Escola De Humanidades Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Educação Doutorado Em Educação ESCOLA DE HUMANIDADES PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO DOUTORADO EM EDUCAÇÃO BRUNO ANTONIO PICOLI A HISTÓRIA NA DIAGONAL DO AGORA: UM CONCEITO CONTRAEDUCATIVO PARA A BRECHA ENTRE A CATÁSTROFE E O NOVO – REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DE ARENDT E GUR-ZE’EV Porto Alegre 2019 PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL ESCOLA DE HUMANIDADES PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO DOUTORADO EM EDUCAÇÃO BRUNO ANTONIO PICOLI A HISTÓRIA NA DIAGONAL DO AGORA: UM CONCEITO CONTRAEDUCATIVO PARA A BRECHA ENTRE A CATÁSTROFE E O NOVO – REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DE ARENDT E GUR-ZE’EV Porto Alegre 2019 BRUNO ANTONIO PICOLI A HISTÓRIA NA DIAGONAL DO AGORA: UM CONCEITO CONTRAEDUCATIVO PARA A BRECHA ENTRE A CATÁSTROFE E O NOVO – REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DE ARENDT E GUR-ZE’EV Tese apresentada como requisito final para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Educação pelo Programa de Pós- Graduação em Educação da Escola de Humanidades da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Orientador: Alexandre Anselmo Guilherme Porto Alegre 2019 BRUNO ANTONIO PICOLI A HISTÓRIA NA DIAGONAL DO AGORA: UM CONCEITO CONTRAEDUCATIVO PARA A BRECHA ENTRE A CATÁSTROFE E O NOVO – REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DE ARENDT E GUR-ZE’EV Tese apresentada como requisito final para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Educação pelo Programa de Pós- Graduação em Educação da Escola de Humanidades da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Banca Examinadora __________________________________ Prof. Dr. Alexandre Anselmo Guilherme – orientador – PUCRS __________________________________ Prof. Dr. Ricardo Timm de Souza - PUCRS __________________________________ Prof. Dr. Fernando de Araújo Penna – UFF __________________________________ Prof. Dr. Evaldo Antonio Kuiava – UCS RESUMO A presente tese parte da indagação sobre que conceito educativo da História pode abrir e manter aberto o Agora como oportunidade da ação refletida para aqueles que são efetivamente o novo no mundo e que por isso podem oferecer o novo ao mundo. Para tanto procurou autores que refletiram sobre a ação e o lugar desta na História e na Educação, como Benjamin, Nietzsche, Adorno, Agamben, Biesta, Gur-Ze’ev e Arendt. Em todos é comum a denúncia do velho e de suas estratégias de preservação, assim como da necessidade de fazer do Agora o tempo da ação. Nesse sentido, estabeleceu-se a distinção entre o presente e o Agora, o primeiro compreendido como o instante efêmero e o segundo como uma força diagonal que tensiona o ponto de encontro entre o passado e o futuro, o ponto em que a ação é possível. Afirma que o presente não é tomado como Agora porque o conceito da História dominante aderiu à ideia de redenção pelo progresso e está preso à lógica causal. Tal situação favorece o avanço da catástrofe e do Estado de Exceção-regra que impede a assunção da responsabilidade da ação por amor ao mundo. Propõe, então, um conceito da História aberto à contingencialidade de cada Agora pela recolocação do poder iluminador do acontecimento tomado como testemunho da profundidade do ser humano como um “Ser-capaz-de-ação”. Como faz frente à catástrofe na defesa da criação de um Estado de Exceção-efetivo aberto à incerteza dos resultados da ação, esse conceito da História é um conceito contraeducativo, ou seja, é uma postura ética e estética no mundo que não adere a nenhuma utopia, não oferece uma salvação ou redenção e é aberta para a outridade do outro e para a incerteza do novo. Assim, está organizada em quatro partes cuja ordem tem por objetivo pensar o Agora como o tempo exclusivo da oportunidade sempre incerta da ação e da inauguração, um novo conceito para a História que supere a concepção de História como Progresso, a Educação como contraeducação, e por fim, a articulação entre essas três dimensões pela proposição de um conceito contraeducativo da História provocador do Pensamento Histórico na Diagonal do Agora. A tese é a de que a criação do Estado de Exceção-efetivo, a abertura do Agora como a brecha entre o não-mais e o ainda-não, demanda a elaboração de um conceito contraeducativo da História, ou seja, da História aberta para a novidade que representa o nascimento para o mundo potente em cada ser humano através de sua ação no tempo, do poder iluminador do acontecimento. É um conceito contraeducativo da História porque não soma forças à catástrofe, não oferece um caminho ou uma redenção, não normaliza os indivíduos, não modela identidades e não sequestra do Agora as possibilidades do novo. Palavras-chave: Agora. História. Educação. Catástrofe. Novo. ABSTRACT This thesis starts from the ask on what educational concept of History can open and keep opened the Now-Time as the opportunity of reflexed action for those that are the new in the world and can offer the novelty to the world. In this sense it searches to authors that have reflected on action and its place in the History and in the Education, as Benjamin, Nietzsche, Adorno, Agamben, Biesta, Gur-Ze’ev and Arendt. In all of them is common the denounce of the old and its preservation strategies, as well as, on the necessity to make of the Now-Time as the action time. In this sense, it stablished the distinction between the present and the Now- Time, the first understood as the simple now, and, the second as a diagonal force in the point of encounter between the past and the future, the point in that the action is possible. It affirms that the present is not taking as the Now-Time because the dominant concept of History joined to the idea of redemption by the progress and it is tied in the causal logic. This situation favours the advancement of catastrophe and of the Exception-rule State that prevents the assumption of responsibility of action for the love of the world. It proposes a concept of History opened to the contingency of each Now-Time from the replacement of the event took as a testimony of the human being profundity as a “Being-able-to-action”. How this concepts faces the catastrophe in defense of the creation of an Exception-efective State opened to the uncertain of action outcomes, this concept of History is a counter-educational concept, that is, it is an ethical and aesthetical attitude in the world that does not adhere to any Utopia, it does not offer a salvation or redemption and it is opened to the uncertain of the novelty. Thus, this thesis is organized in four sections that aim to think the Now-Time as the exclusive time of the opportunity of the action and the inauguration; a new concept to the History that overcomes the conception of History as Progress; The Education as counter-education, and in the end, the articulation among this three dimensions by the proposition of a counter- educational concept of History defiant of the Historical Thinking in the Now-Time Diagonal. The thesis is that the creation of the Exception-efective State, the opening of the Now-Time as the gap between the not-more and the still-not, needs the elaboration of a counter-educational concept of History, that is, of the History opened to the novelty that is possible in every birth to the world by the potential natality in each human being through the action in the time, the illuminating power of the event. It is a concept counter-educational of History because it does not offer a way or a redemption, it does not normalize individuals, it does not model identities and it does not kidnap of the Now-Time the possibilities of the novelty. Key words: Now-Time. History. Education. Catastrophe. Novelty. RESUMEN Esta tesis empieza con la pregunta sobre qué concepto educativo de la Historia puede abrir y mantener abierto el Ahora como una oportunidad de acción refletada para aquellos que son el nuevo en el mundo y que pueden ofrecer la novedad al mundo. En este sentido, se buscó autores que han reflexionado sobre la acción y su lugar en la Historia y en la Educación. En todos ellos es común la denuncia del antiguo y sus estrategias de preservación, así como la necesidad de hacer del Ahora el tiempo de la acción. Así, se estableció la distinción entre el presente y el Ahora, el primero entendido como el momento efímero y el segundo como una fuerza diagonal en el punto de encuentro entre el pasado y el futuro, el punto en que la acción es posible. Afirma que el presente no se toma como el Ahora porque el concepto dominante de la Historia se unió a la idea de la redención por el progreso y está ligado a la lógica de la causalidad. Esta situación favorece el avance de la catástrofe y del Estado de Excepción-regla que impide que se asuma la responsabilidad de la acción por amor al mundo. Propone un concepto de Historia abierto a la contingencia de cada Ahora y del reemplazo del evento tomado como el testimonio de la profundidad del ser humano como un "Ser capaz de actuar". Cómo se enfrenta a la catástrofe en defensa de la creación de un Estado de Excepción-efectivo abierto a la incertidumbre de los resultados de acción, el concepto de Historia propuesto es, también, un concepto contra educativo, es decir, es una postura ética y estética en el mundo que no se adhiere a ninguna utopía, no ofrece una salvación o redención y está abierto a lo incierto de la novedad. Así, esta tesis está organizada en cuatro secciones que se proponen a pensar el Ahora como el tiempo exclusivo de la oportunidad siempre incierta de la acción y de la inauguración; un nuevo concepto para la historia que supera la concepción de la historia como progreso; la Educación como contra educación, y al final, la articulación entre estas tres dimensiones mediante la proposición de un concepto contra educativo de la Historia provocativo del Pensamiento Histórico en la Diagonal del Ahora.
Recommended publications
  • 20 Dokumentar Stücke Zum Holocaust in Hamburg Von Michael Batz
    „Hört damit auf!“ 20 Dokumentar stücke zum Holocaust in „Hört damit auf!“ „Hört damit auf!“ 20 Dokumentar stücke Hamburg Festsaal mit Blick auf Bahnhof, Wald und uns 20 Dokumentar stücke zum zum Holocaust in Hamburg Das Hamburger Polizei- Bataillon 101 in Polen 1942 – 1944 Betr.: Holocaust in Hamburg Ehem. jüd. Eigentum Die Versteigerungen beweglicher jüdischer von Michael Batz von Michael Batz Habe in Hamburg Pempe, Albine und das ewige Leben der Roma und Sinti Oratorium zum Holocaust am fahrenden Volk Spiegel- Herausgegeben grund und der Weg dorthin Zur Geschichte der Alsterdorfer Anstal- von der Hamburgischen ten 1933 – 1945 Hafenrundfahrt zur Erinnerung Der Hamburger Bürgerschaft Hafen 1933 – 1945 Morgen und Abend der Chinesen Das Schicksal der chinesischen Kolonie in Hamburg 1933 – 1944 Der Hannoversche Bahnhof Zur Geschichte des Hamburger Deportationsbahnhofes am Lohseplatz Hamburg Hongkew Die Emigration Hamburger Juden nach Shanghai Es sollte eigentlich ein Musik-Abend sein Die Kulturabende der jüdischen Hausgemeinschaft Bornstraße 16 Bitte nicht wecken Suizide Hamburger Juden am Vorabend der Deporta- tionen Nach Riga Deportation und Ermordung Hamburger Juden nach und in Lettland 39 Tage Curiohaus Der Prozess der britischen Militärregierung gegen die ehemalige Lagerleitung des KZ Neuengam- me 18. März bis 3. Mai 1946 im Curiohaus Hamburg Sonderbehand- lung nach Abschluss der Akte Die Unterdrückung sogenannter „Ost“- und „Fremdarbeiter“ durch die Hamburger Gestapo Plötzlicher Herztod durch Erschießen NS-Wehrmachtjustiz und Hinrichtungen
    [Show full text]
  • UNCREDIBLE: Broke Out
    SPRING 201620162016 ••• NUMBER 333 A JOURNALJOURNALJOURNAL OFOFOF CHRISTIANITYCHRISTIANITYCHRISTIANITY &&& AMERICANAMERICANAMERICAN FOREIGNFOREIGNFOREIGN POLICYPOLICYPOLICY THE MORALMORAL UNDERPINNINGSUNDERPINNINGS OFOF JUSTJUST RETRIBUTION:RETRIBUTION: JUSTICE && CHARITYCHARITY ININ SYMBIOSISSYMBIOSIS BY JJ DDARYL CCHARLES MORAL MULTILATERALISM:MULTILATERALISM: SPONSORED BYBYBY THE OBAMAOBAMA DOCTRINE’SDOCTRINE’S CHRISTIANCHRISTIAN REALISMREALISM BY MMATT NN GGOBUSH SPRING SPRING SPRING UNCREDIBLE: OBAMA && THETHE ENDEND OFOF AMERICANAMERICAN POWERPOWER 2016 2016 2016 BY MMARC LLIIVECCHE • • • ALSO:: MMARK TTOOLEY ON TTRUMP && THE INADEQUACYINADEQUACY OF “A“AMERICA FFIRSTIRST”” •• BBRIAN AAUTEN ON JUSTJUST NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER SURVEILLANCESURVEILLANCE •• FFREDERICK DDOUGLAS ON CHOOSING RIGHT FROM WRONG •• AANDREW T.T. WWALKER ON A BBAPTIST VIEW OF WOMEN ININ WAR •• AAUGUST LLANDMESSER FOLDS HIS ARMS •• AALAN DDOWD REFLECTS ON THE NATION STATESTATE && INTERNATIONALINTERNATIONAL ORDER •• SSUSANNAH BBLACK && THE CCALIPHATE •• GENERAL GGEORGE MMARSHALL’’SS VISION FOR AAMERICA •• GGIDEONIDEON SSTRAUSS ON POLITICAL HOPE FOR 3 3 3 AFRICA •• RROBERT NNICHOLSONICHOLSON ON IISLAMSLAM,, CCHRISTIANITY,, && THE END OF PPALESTINE Providence_spring16_final_cover_spine.inddProvidence_spring16_final_cover_spine.indd 111 5/31/165/31/16 8:368:368:36 AMAMAM It is worth touching on two men who had killed him to a and puts us instead on a foot- points. First, and surprisingly parley, and put to them the case ing for war. Hardheaded realism perhaps, Dayan
    [Show full text]
  • Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} a Family Torn Apart by Rassenschande Political Persecution in the Third Reich Documents and Reports Niemandszeit
    Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} A Family Torn Apart by Rassenschande Political Persecution in the Third Reich Documents and Reports Niemandszeit. Irene Eckler: A Family Torn Apart by "Rassenschande". Political persecution in the Third Reich. Documents and reports from Hamburg in German and English. Horneburg Verlag, Schwetzingen 1998. 272 Seiten, 32 Fotos, 65 Dokumente, 19,80 Mark. Till Bastian: Niemandszeit. Deutsche Portraits zwischen Kriegsende und Neubeginn. Beck'sche Reihe, München 1999. 200 Seiten, 25 Abbildungen, 19,90 Mark. Für viele Überlebende der nationalsozialistischen Gewalttaten war das Jahr 1945 zwar das Jahr ihrer Rettung, aber nur bedingt auch das Jahr ihrer Befreiung. Denn nun begann für sie der meist vergebliche Versuch, das erlittene Geschehen zu vergessen oder in sich selbst zu verschließen, um in einer allzu rasch zur Normalität zurückkehrenden Außenwelt das gerettete Leben überhaupt weiterführen zu können. Nicht zuletzt deshalb vermochten viele Überlebende erst im Alter ihre Berichte aufzuzeichnen. Die Autorin einer bruchstückhaft rekonstruierten Chronik der eigenen Familie war am 8. Mai 1945 sieben Jahre alt, lebte bei einer Pflegefamilie und hatte an die Schrecken, die sie bereits erlitten hatte, keine Erinnerung mehr. Jahrzehnte später beginnt sie damit, sich aus zufällig überlieferten Dokumenten, alten Akten und verstreuten Fotografien ein lückenhaftes Bild vom Schicksal ihrer Eltern und der eigenen Vorgeschichte zusammenzusetzen. Sie findet heraus, dass ihre Eltern im August 1935 heiraten wollten, aber vom Hamburger Standesbeamten abgewiesen wurden, weil die Mutter Jüdin war. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt gab es zwar noch keine formale juristische Absicherung für das Verbot von "Mischehen", aber die Schlinge war schon gelegt. Im April 1935 hatte das Reichsinnenministerium den Begriff der "Mischehe" von bisher konfessionell gemischten Ehen zu solchen von Personen unterschiedlicher "rassischer Zugehörigkeit" umdefiniert und die Standesämter angewiesen, entsprechende Anträge nicht mehr zu bearbeiten.
    [Show full text]
  • Západočeská Univerzita V Plzni Fakulta Filozofická Diplomová Práce
    Západočeská univerzita v Plzni Fakulta filozofická Diplomová práce 2016 Miloš Zlesa Západočeská univerzita v Plzni Fakulta filozofická Diplomová práce Atentát na Hitlera z 20. července 1944 a jeho místo v německém odboji proti nacismu Miloš Zlesa Plzeň 2016 Západočeská univerzita v Plzni Fakulta filozofická Katedra historických věd Studijní program Historické vědy Studijní obor Moderní dějiny Diplomová práce Atentát na Hitlera z 20. července 1944 a jeho místo v německém odboji proti nacismu Miloš Zlesa Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Dipl. - Pol. Martin Jeřábek, Ph.D. Katedra historických věd Fakulta filozofická Západočeské univerzity v Plzni Plzeň 2016 Prohlašuji, že jsem práci zpracoval samostatně a použil jen uvedených pramenů a literatury. Plzeň, duben 2016 .......................... Poděkování Na tomto místě bych rád poděkoval vedoucímu mé práce PhDr. Dipl. - Pol. Martinu Jeřábkovi, Ph.D. za cenné rady při zpracování této diplomové práce při našich pravidelných setkáních. OBSAH 1. Úvod ................................................................................................................ 1 2. Německý odboj a odpor proti nacistickému režimu ....................................... 6 2.1. Teoretické vymezení boje proti režimu .................................................... 7 2.2. Formování odporu a odboje v Německu .................................................. 9 2.3. Političtí odpůrci režimu .......................................................................... 10 2.4. Anarchisté a Rudá kapela ......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Great God of Heaven
    Great God of Heaven Daniel made simple SAM GORDON ‘With his typical warmth and wisdom, Sam Gordon peers through Daniel’s telescope of future events to show us the clarity of prophecy and, better yet, the glory of our Saviour. You’re left whispering under your breath, as the last page is turned, “Even so, come, Lord Jesus” … we can hardly wait.’ Dr Stephen Davey, Pastor/Teacher, Colonial Baptist Church, Cary NC President & Professor of Practical Theology, Shepherds Theological Seminary ‘The book of Daniel is the perfect blend of prophecy and piety. God shares truths about the “sweet by and by” to give his followers hope, while Daniel and his friends demonstrate the wisdom and faith needed to live for God through the “difficult here and now.” Properly interpreted, the book of Daniel helps the reader gain an understanding of God’s plan for the future while also learning how to stay faithful today. And in this practical commentary, Sam Gordon gives us that proper interpretation!’ Dr Charlie Dyer, Professor-at-Large of Bible, Moody Bible Institute Host of The Land and the Book radio program ‘On several occasions I have enjoyed hearing ministry from the book of Daniel by my brother and dear friend, Sam Gordon. A deep yearning of my heart has been to have this teaching in written form. This dream has come true in the pages of his book. I warmly commend it to you.’ David Logacho, Bible teacher throughout Latin America Former Director, La Biblia Dice, Quito, Ecuador ‘Many people love the book of Daniel, at least the first half.
    [Show full text]
  • COURAGE Primary Source Analysis
    COURAGE Primary Source Analysis Analyzing Primary Source Documents 1. Use details in the picture, as well as what you know about history, to answer the following questions. • Describe the people in the photograph. Who do you see? • Observe various individuals’ posture and gestures. What does this tell you about what is happening? • Look at the clothing styles and hats. Identify the time period when this photograph was likely taken. • Given your response to the question above, identify the general place (region, country) where you believe it could have been taken. • Based on what you see in the photograph, your existing knowledge of history, and inferences based on both, identify the historical period during which this photograph was taken. HEROES & VILLAINS: THE QUEST FOR CIVIC VIRTUE 2. What do you already know about the historical period this photograph depicts? 3. One person in the photograph is doing something different from everyone else. Find that person in the photograph. Describe what that individual is doing. 4. What statement might he be making? 5. Given your knowledge of the historical context, what risk is this person taking? Does that action, and that risk, require him to make a judgment? If so, what is your opinion of the judgment he has made? 6. How does this photograph illustrate courage? Defining Civic Virtues: Courage To stand firm in being a person of character and doing what is right, especially when it is unpopular or puts you at risk. © THE BILL OF RIGHTS INSTITUTE COURAGE August Landmesser’s Courageous Refusal he picture you have just analyzed is believed to show Hamburg, Germany, shipyard worker August TLandmesser (1910 –1944) refusing to perform the Nazi salute at the launch of a naval training vessel in June 1936.
    [Show full text]
  • Hitler and the Nazis 20Th April 1889 30Th January 1933 Nazis Rise to Power Nazi Control & Terror Nazi Education
    Hitler and the Nazis 20th April 1889 30th January 1933 Nazis Rise to Power Nazi Control & Terror Nazi Education Hitler Youth Women in Nazi Germany Economy in Nazi Germany Nazi Propaganda Opposition to the Nazis Persecution of the Jews nazis Rise to power Click on each image to see a short clip about why Hitler & the Nazis came to power 2.Hatred of Treaty of 8.The Reichstag Fire Versailles (2.15) (4.35) 3.Munich Putsch made 1.Early life of Adolf Hitler 7.How Hitler Became Hitler famous (6.14) (14.23) Chancellor (9.29) 4.Skilled/Popular 5.Who voted for Hitler? 6.The Rise of the Nazis Speaker (2.36) (2.50) (4.14) nazi CONTROL & TERROR Key Quote “Terror is the best political weapon for nothing drives people harder than a fear of sudden death.” Nazi State There were five main areas of ‘control’ within Nazi Germany 1. Concentration Camps 2. Legal System 3. Propaganda 4. Schutzstaffel (SS) 5. Gestapo GEHEIME STAATS POLIZEI SECRET STATE POLICE Heinrich Himmler Commander of the SS and the Gestapo The leaders of the Gestapo Reinhard Heydrich Heinrich Muller Director of the Gestapo 1934-1939 Director of the Gestapo 1939-1945 Secret State Police force set up to investigate all ‘enemies of the state’ in Germany Only 8,000 officers but over 160,000 informers – their greatest weapon Experts in torture and interrogation techniques Operated without any restrictions or consequences Famous for the Gestapo ‘knock on the door’ Those ‘visited’ by the Gestapo would be taken to prison or a concentration camp or they might never been seen again If you wanted to avoid a visit from the Gestapo then you said only positive things about life in Nazi Germany or you said nothing at all How did Hitler keep control of Germany? The Terror State Propaganda Secret police called the Mass Rallies, Posters Gestapo would spy on and Propaganda films.
    [Show full text]
  • August Landmesser's Courageous Refusal
    COURAGE Suggested Launch Activity TEACHER’S NOTES CENTRAL QUESTION: What is the significance About Launch of courage in a society built on democratic Activities principles? Unlike other chapters, this introductory activity 1. Post the central question on the board before class. Point it out is an integral part of to students, and let them know they’ll be expected to write an the instructional design answer to it at the end of class. of this chapter. The photograph and narrative 2. Gather students in a hallway, a gym, or a classroom in which you that follow are best used can create a clear path from one side to the other. Identify one in conjunction with this end of the hallway (or room) as “strongly agree” and the opposite introduction. end as “strongly disagree.” Describe the space between those two ends as the continuum between those two positions, and identify a defined midpoint. Explain that you are going to read a series of statements, that students will listen to each entire statement and then, on your cue (Suggested cue: Say, “Choose a position and take your stand.”), choose a position and to go stand at the spot on the continuum or on either end, that represents his or her position: “Strongly Agree,” “Strongly Disagree,”… or somewhere in between. 3. Read each of the following statements, allowing time for students to choose and move to a position, to note their positions in relation to the entire continuum, and for you to note their positions in relation to each other. Do not make direct comments; just read the statements and allow students time to decide on, and move to, their positions.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Philosophy: Logic
    Introduction to Philosophy: Logic INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY: LOGIC BAHRAM ASSADIAN, MATTHEW KNACHEL, CASSIANO TERRA RODRIGUES, MICHAEL SHAFFER, NATHAN SMITH, BENJAMIN MARTIN (BOOK EDITOR), AND CHRISTINA HENDRICKS (SERIES EDITOR) COLLEEN CRESSMAN Rebus Community Introduction to Philosophy: Logic by Bahram Assadian, Matthew Knachel, Cassiano Terra Rodrigues, Michael Shaffer, Nathan Smith, Benjamin Martin (Book Editor), and Christina Hendricks (Series Editor) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. CONTENTS What is an Open Textbook? vii Christina Hendricks How to Access and Use the Books viii Christina Hendricks Introduction to the Series x Christina Hendricks Praise for the Book xiii Acknowledgements xiv Benjamin Martin and Christina Hendricks Introduction to the Book 1 Benjamin Martin PART I. CHAPTERS 1. What is Logic? 5 Matthew Knachel 2. Evaluating Arguments 14 Nathan Smith 3. Formal Logic in Philosophy 25 Bahram Assadian 4. Informal Fallacies 36 Cassiano Terra Rodrigues 5. Necessary and Sufficient Conditions 45 Michael Shaffer References and Further Reading 55 Exercise Solutions 58 Glossary 74 About the Contributors 77 Feedback and Suggestions 80 Adoption Form 81 Licensing and Attribution Information 82 Review Statement 84 Accessibility Assessment 85 Version History 87 WHAT IS AN OPEN TEXTBOOK? CHRISTINA HENDRICKS An open textbook is like a commercial textbook, except: (1) it is publicly available online free of charge (and at low-cost in print), and (2) it has an open license that allows others to reuse it, download and revise it, and redistribute it. This book has a Creative Commons Attribution license, which allows reuse, revision, and redistribution so long as the original creator is attributed (please see the licensing information for this book for more information).
    [Show full text]
  • Y10 History Week Beginning 15/06/20 How and Why Was Opposition to the Nazis Ineffective? Please Spend ONE HOUR on Each Lesson This Week
    Y10 History Week beginning 15/06/20 How and why was opposition to the Nazis ineffective? Please spend ONE HOUR on each lesson this week. Lesson One: 1. Look at the image below. Spot the protester, read his story and answer the question. 2. Read the two different historians interpretations of opposition to Nazi rule. Then use your knowledge of the Nazis from previous lessons to explain why they disagree. 3. Read about the role of communist opposition and answer the questions, 1-5. 4. Read about the four key protests, label each as a success or failure and complete the table. Spot the man not doing the Nazi salute. The man refusing to salute is August Landmesser. The photo was taken in June 1936 at Hamburg shipyard, where August worked. In pursuit of work, August had joined the Nazi Party in 1931, but his engagement to Irma Eckler, a Jewish women, broke the Nazis’ Nuremburg Laws about racial purity and he was expelled from the party in 1935. His quiet, defiant and peaceful protest against mass Nazi support brought him to the attention of the Gestapo. August lost his job and in 1937, along with Irma and their young daughter, he attempted to flee Germany. The family was arrested and tried for ‘dishonouring the race’. After being acquitted (let off), they were arrested again in 1938. Both were sent to separate concentration camps, where Irma died. It is believed that she was killed as part of Aktion T4 after she developed severe depression, although the records have been lost.
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of Holocaust Memorialisation: Confronting Racism, Anti-Semitism, and Homophobia Through Memory Work Pető, Andrea (Ed.); Thorson, Helga (Ed.)
    www.ssoar.info The Future of Holocaust Memorialisation: Confronting Racism, Anti-Semitism, and Homophobia Through Memory Work Pető, Andrea (Ed.); Thorson, Helga (Ed.) Preprint / Preprint Sammelwerk / collection Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Pető, A., & Thorson, H. (Eds.). (2015). The Future of Holocaust Memorialisation: Confronting Racism, Anti-Semitism, and Homophobia Through Memory Work. Budapest: Bonex Press KFT. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168- ssoar-72016-4 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY Lizenz (Namensnennung) zur This document is made available under a CC BY Licence Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden (Attribution). For more Information see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de THE FUTURE OF HOLOCAUST MEMORIALIZATION First published 2015 by Tom Lantos Institute 1016 Budapest, Bérc utca 13-15. © 2015 Tom Lantos Institute All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, me- chanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. ISBN: 978-615-80159-0-5 Printed by Bonex Press KFT Copy edited by Helga Thorson and Andrea van Noord. THE FUTURE OF HOLOCAUST MEMORIALIZATION: Confronting Racism, Antisemitism, and Homophobia through Memory Work EDITED BY AndreA Pető And HelgA
    [Show full text]
  • The International Status of Education About the Holocaust
    THE INTERNATIONAL STATUS OF EDUCATION OF STATUS INTERNATIONAL THE United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization G EN O Z I D H O L O C How do schools worldwide treat the Holocaust as a subject? In which countries does A U S T A the Holocaust form part of classroom teaching? Are representations of the Holocaust always accurate, balanced and unprejudiced in curricula and textbooks? USC HIW This study, carried out by UNESCO and the Georg Eckert Institute for International Textbook Research, compares for the first time representations of the Holocaust in ABOUT T Z SOH A school textbooks and national curricula. Drawing on data which includes countries in which there exists no or little information about representations of the Holocaust, the study shows where the Holocaust is established in official guidelines, and contains a close HOLOCAUST THE textbook study, focusing on the comprehensiveness and accuracy of representations and historical narratives. The book highlights evolving practices worldwide and thus provides education THE INTERNATIONAL stakeholders with comprehensive documentation about current trends in curricula directives and textbook representations of the Holocaust. It further formulates recommendations that will help policy-makers provide the educational means by which STATUS OF pupils may develop Holocaust literacy. CURRICULA AND TEXTBOOKS OF MAPPING GLOBAL A EDUCATION ABOUT THE HOLOCAUST A GLOBAL MAPPING OF TEXTBOOKS AND CURRICULA Education Sector United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
    [Show full text]