Hitler and the Nazis 20Th April 1889 30Th January 1933 Nazis Rise to Power Nazi Control & Terror Nazi Education

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Hitler and the Nazis 20th April 1889 30th January 1933 Nazis Rise to Power Nazi Control & Terror Nazi Education

Hitler Youth Women in Nazi Germany Economy in Nazi Germany

Nazi Propaganda Opposition to the Nazis Persecution of the Jews nazis Rise to power Click on each image to see a short clip about why Hitler & the Nazis came to power 2.Hatred of Treaty of 8.The Reichstag Fire Versailles (2.15) (4.35)

3.Munich Putsch made 1.Early life of Adolf Hitler 7.How Hitler Became Hitler famous (6.14) (14.23) Chancellor (9.29)

4.Skilled/Popular 5.Who voted for Hitler? 6.The Rise of the Nazis Speaker (2.36) (2.50) (4.14) nazi CONTROL & TERROR Key Quote “Terror is the best political weapon for nothing drives people harder than a fear of sudden death.” Nazi State

There were five main areas of ‘control’ within Nazi Germany

1. Concentration Camps 2. Legal System 3. Propaganda 4. Schutzstaffel (SS) 5. Gestapo GEHEIME STAATS POLIZEI

SECRET STATE POLICE Heinrich Himmler Commander of the SS and the Gestapo The leaders of the Gestapo

Reinhard Heydrich Heinrich Muller Director of the Gestapo 1934-1939 Director of the Gestapo 1939-1945 Secret State Police force set up to investigate all ‘enemies of the state’ in Germany

Only 8,000 officers but over 160,000 informers – their greatest weapon

Experts in torture and interrogation techniques

Operated without any restrictions or consequences

Famous for the Gestapo ‘knock on the door’

Those ‘visited’ by the Gestapo would be taken to prison or a concentration camp or they might never been seen again

If you wanted to avoid a visit from the Gestapo then you said only positive things about life in Nazi Germany or you said nothing at all

How did Hitler keep control of Germany? The Terror State Propaganda

Secret police called the Mass Rallies, Posters Gestapo would spy on and Propaganda films. and arrest enemies of the state. The Carrot The Nazis controlled & and censored the radio SS were responsible & newspapers. for running the The Stick concentration camps. School children were indoctrinated with Nazi Everyone was scared of Popularity ideas at school. being arrested by the Gestapo and being put in Ripping up the Hitler Youth & the a concentration camp. Treaty of Versailles. Young Maidens. Creating Jobs, Speeches, Promises Enemies of the State • Communists • Germans who bought • Social Democrats from Jews • Jews • Pacifists • Trade Unionists. • Radical Christian • Work Shy Organisation • Homosexuals • Anyone who criticised Hitler or the Nazi • Gypsies Party. • 800,000 Germans were imprisoned from 1933 – 1945 as ‘Enemies of the State.’

• 500,000 were executed by being shot in the neck. Enemies of• theA list Stateof German women who were still purchasing goods from Jewish shops. • Printed to scare or terrorise other people into not buying from the Jews.

How did the Terror State Work?

You are imprisoned When you are Gestapo Spies for up to six months released you tell inform on you doing hard physical everybody what has labour. happened to you

You are handed You are woken up by over to the SS who the Gestapo at 1 am in run the the morning and told concentration Fear that you have 5 minutes camps. to pack your bags.

By signing this form Days or maybe weeks You are arrested you are giving your later you are and thrown into a consent to be put into interviewed and cell at the police a concentration camp. asked to sign form station D11 Martin Niemoller, 1945 • When the Nazis came for the Communists I was silent, I was not a Communist. • When the Nazis came for the Social Democrats I was silent, I was not a Social Democrat. • When the Nazis came for the Trade Unionists I was silent, I was not a Trade Unionist. • When the Nazis came for the Jews I was silent, I was not a Jew. • When the Nazis came for me ……… ………there was nobody left to speak up for me.

Nazi Education

“You (adults) may disagree with me, but it does not matter, your children are mine already”

Class 4DH

Imagine it is 1933 and our school is a normal secondary school somewhere in Germany. National Announcement on behalf of the Department of Education

The following announcement will be made to all secondary school students throughout Germany on Tuesday 29th August 1933. Success of Current Education Policy As you might be aware, the proper education of all children has become a key component of the brilliant success of the present Government. No other Government in the history of the world has managed to perfect the instruction of its youth. We are now in the final stages of our 10 year plan. As promised in our manifesto we will be making some radical, but beneficial, changes to the National Curriculum. Bernard Rust Major Changes

All teachers with anti-nazi feelings will be sacked and ‘re-educated’. Remaining teachers are requested to join the Nazi Teaching Association. (97% did!) All existing textbooks will be rewritten or burned. All Jewish children will be banned from school from 1938. Only 10% of university places will be set aside for girls. Changes to the School Day

• School will begin at 8am sharp. • All children throughout Germany will begin the day with one hour of keep fit. • Boys can choose from Boxing, Rowing, Running or Rugby. • Girls must do Music and Movement. New Subjects - Boys

• Each school must incorporate or purchase a farm or similar agricultural premises • Each school must offer qualifications in Agricultural Sciences. • These qualifications will naturally only be available to boys. New Subjects - Girls

• Girls will from now on be able to benefit from a range of child care courses. These will be run in conjunction with local colleges. • In addition, all girls must be able to take the following subjects: – Needlework – Domestic Science – Beauty & Therapy Changes to Subjects • Geography – you will learn about the land stolen from Germany and the extra land it needs to house the Master Race. • Maths – we will calculate military and national problems • Heritage – we will celebrate famous German victories of the past and examine how the Jews lost us the First World War and caused hyperinflation in the 1920s • Science – we will study the principles of shooting, military aviation, bridge building and the impact of poisonous gases. • Biology – students will be taught the best way to select a ‘mate’. The problems of hereditary diseases. The evils of inter-racial marriages and the benefits of sterilization and euthanasia. Removal of Unnecessary Lessons

• All other modern languages. • History. Recent visits have confirmed that History is being taught incorrectly in secondary schools. History will now be replaced by Heritage. This subject will explore Germany’s glorious past, present & future. Religion - New Guidelines

• Religious Studies will no longer be taught in Secondary Schools. This subject will be replaced by a 1 hour Protestant Service. • Students belonging to all other faiths must use school books with red covers as opposed to those with green ones. • Pupils suspecting their friends of believing in any other Religion must report them to the school authorities. Physical Education

• The Fuhrer only wants boys who can suffer pain, know no fear and serve their country with pride. • There will be regular fitness tests for all boys and girls. • Anyone who fails ANY fitness test will be humiliated and expelled. • P.E. will be the priority of all pupil’s timetables. Inappropriate Use of Uniform

• It is an insult to your country to be seen with school uniform in disarray. • Any child seen with their shirt hanging out of their trousers or their tie at half mast must be reported by his/her classmates. • All deviant children will enter a two year correction programme. Here they will have their dignity and pride restored painlessly. Morning Prayer

• The Fuhrer’s prayer must be said by the whole school at the start of each day. Fuhrer, my Fuhrer given me by God, Protect and preserve my life for long. You rescued Germany from its deepest need. I thank you for my daily bread. Stay for a long time with me, leave me not. Fuhrer, my Fuhrer, my faith, my light. Hail my Fuhrer! Noses

• All school children, throughout Germany, must have their noses measured. • Anyone with a nose more than 5cm long (girls) or 6.5cm long (boys) must present themselves to the Racial Purity Board for a painless medical check. • This may or may not be accompanied by a vitamin injection. Typical Timetable for Girls

Time Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

8.00 Fitness Fitness Fitness Fitness Fitness Fitness 9.00 German German German German German German 10.00 Geography History Singing History Geography History 11.00 Racial Racial Racial Racial Nazi Nazi Studies Studies Studies Studies Ideology Ideology 12.00 Maths Science Church Maths Science Church Service Service 1.00 Biology Maths Eugenics Biology Maths Eugenics 2.00 P.E P.E P.E P.E P.E P.E 6.00 Finish Finish Finish Finish Finish Finish Adolf Hitler Schools • The very best male students will be removed from regular schooling between the ages of 12 and 18 to attend elite Adolf Hitler Schools. • Here they will be taught extreme Nazi military tactics and achieve supreme physical fitness. • Students will graduate to the S.S training school (Napolas) for further education and battle training with live ammunition. Remember, you belong to your country and must always act as its ambassador. Serve your Motherland well! May the German Reich reign supreme for one thousand years!

Herr Crawford Chief Inspector of Schools

Nazi School Timetable

Boys Girls

6 hours of fitness tests 6 hours of fitness tests

6 hours of Science 4 hours of Science

2 hours of German 4 hours of German

4 hours of Maths 2 hours of Maths

4 hours of Racial Studies 4 hours of Racial Studies

24 hours of PE 24 hours of PE

2 hours of biology 4 hours of Domestic Science

2 hours of Church Service 2 hours of Church Service

2 hours of Geography 2 Hours of Heritage

2 hours of Heritage 4 hours of Nazi Ideology

4 hours of Nazi Ideology 2 hours of Eugenics

2 hours of Eugenics 2 hours of Singing N5 Activity Write a paragraph comparing your current timetable to that of a German student in 1933. You should include similar subjects, differences and discuss which topics you would have enjoyed and which topics you would have resented. You should also discuss the gender balance in terms of what you think the Nazis were trying to achieve N4 Activity Time Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 Finish Finish Finish Finish Finish Finish ‘Those who have youth on their side control the future.’ Boys Girls 10 – 13 Years Old 10 – 13 Years Old

German Young Folk League of Young Girls

Boys Girls 14 - 18 Years Old 14 - 18 Years Old

Hitler Youth League of German Girls As well as military training You had to swear an oath of and preparations for allegiance to the Fuhrer motherhood, children experienced outdoor activities such as hiking and camping The Hitler Youth Law was passed in 1936 and The aim of the Hitler Youth stated that all youths HJ was to should belong to the prepare boys Facts Hitler Youth. Joining the for military Hitler Youth became service and to compulsory in 1939 be strong future leaders of Germany By 1939 Emphasis in the HJ The aim of there were and BDM was the BDM was 7.3 million placed upon physical to prepare members fitness, group girls for of The activities and motherhood Hitler obedience to the Youth Nazi Party

Many young people enjoyed the Many young people liked the feeling excitement of the HJ – camping, of importance – the uniform, the respect, the adoration… hiking, weapons training…

Lots of youths Many youths disliked the strict regimentation resented the fact – being told what to do How did young people that their old clubs and when to do it within Germany react and youth groups to the HJ? were banned Alternative youth groups sprang up Alternative youth across Germany – groups ambushed e.g. The Edelweiss Hitler Youth patrols Pirates, The Navajos and beat them up. Some girls resented Gang, The White Rose Lots of youths wanted to the fact that they listen to Jazz, try out new were ‘trained’ to be fashions and hair styles, housewives and smoke and drink alcohol. All mothers at such a young age. of these activities were banned in The Hitler Youth

Hitler Youth Membership 1932 108,000 1934 3.6 million 1936 5.4 million 1938 7.0 million 1939 7.3 million

Display these figures in a bar graph

“The Nazis indoctrinated (brainwashed) the children – all aspects of their life were controlled by the Nazis. Children were perfectly groomed by the Nazis.” Explain how, by 1939, the children of Germany were under the control of the Nazi regime. (4 marks)

Use your previous knowledge gained on the changes to the Nazi Education system and the Hitler Youth organisation to provide evidence for your explanation. Women in Nazi Germany

Introduction

The Nazis believed that there were ‘separate spheres’ for men and women.

Men were expected to work and fight for the Reich, and women were expected to work and fight for the family.

The attitude towards women was summarized by the slogan Kinder, Kirche, Küche (children, church, kitchen). The ‘three Ks’

The 'three Ks' policy had the support of churches and traditional rural groups, but ran contrary to ideas of female emancipation – women in the Weimar period had been able to vote and have careers. Are there differences between men and women?

If there are differences, does this mean that men and women should have different roles in society? Hitler’s views in his own words Why did Hitler have these views?

Ideological Reasons: Hitler’s belief in a peasant-based Volksgemeinschaft involved the rejection of ‘modern’ ideas about female emancipation. Women would return to their traditional roles as wives and mothers. Pragmatic Reasons: The birth rate was declining steadily in Germany. This would leave Germany economically weak and unable to expand into foreign territory. Like many of Hitler’s policies, Nazi policy on women had to alter after the outbreak of war. After 1936, preparations for war demanded that women be recruited into factories to replace men who had been conscripted. From 1937, women had to do a “Duty Year”, during which they did patriotic work for the Reich. What did Hitler do? How successful were Hitler’s policies? Other policies on women

Women were also encouraged to behave in certain ways to ensure that they were healthy mothers, and that they conformed to the model of an ideal ‘German’ woman. Make-up and hair dye were discouraged and women were expected to wear skirts rather than trousers. Women were encouraged to be plump. It was thought that thin women had more trouble conceiving and giving birth. Photograph courtesy of the Imperial War Museum, London. Smoking was also frowned upon – not because it was unhealthy, but because it was ‘un-German’.

Single women could go to ‘Lebensborn’ houses staffed by ‘racially pure’ SS men to Kinder, Kirche, Kuche become pregnant Children, Church, Kitchen

Women received final Many professional women incentives such as rent and sacked after Hitler came electricity rebates if to power they had more children

Couples were offered 1,000 mark loans to get married The Motherhood Cross was awarded each year on the 12th August: Bronze for 4/5 Hitler tried to control children, the lifestyle of women: Silver for 6/7 wearing trousers, Slimming was discouraged children, make-up, dyeing or as it was not thought Gold for 8 or perming hair was to be good for more children frowned upon child-bearing Nazi Germany Design a poster from one of the choices below A B C Create a poster to inform Create a poster designed Create a poster to inform pupils about the changes to attract boys or girls to women about what is to the education system. the Hitler Youth expected of them in You might want to Organisation. You might Nazi Germany. You mention: want to mention: might want to mention:

• different subjects for • 4 different groups • fashion, make-up boys and girls • military activities for • marriage loans • increased P.E. boys • Motherhood Cross • strict discipline • expectations for • kinder, kirche, kuche • promotion to SS attendance schools • consequences for other clubs Remember to include Remember to include some pictures! Remember to include some pictures some pictures Nazi Economy Nazi Economic Miracle? Enemies ofThe the Nazis State came to power in the middle of a Great Depression so the Nazis provided positive images of Nazism and national events such as the Berlin Olympics and the Nuremberg rallies were created to generate a ‘feel good factor’ to encourage Germans to feel positive about their new government. Watch this 5 minute clip to to see how the Nazis dealt with the economy helped people support them

German Labour Front Enemies (DAF)of the State

The Reich Labour Strength Through The Beauty of Work Service Joy (SdA) (RAD) (KdF)

Created to make Provided jobs for Provided leisure all aged between activities for workers workplaces such as concerts, more attractive 16-25 for public libraries, day trips and work schemes holidays

Factories were By 1938 the KdF was Compulsory refurbished, canteens the world’s largest tour opened and smoke- membership operator providing holidays to 10million free rooms provided by 1935 Germans per year 1933 – 6 million 1934 – 4.3 million 1935 – 3.4 million 1936 – 2.9 million 1937 – 2.2 million 1938 – 1.2 million 1939 – 400,000

Complete a bar graph for the reduction in Nazi unemployment figures using the above numerical data * According to Nazi * 1.4 million army figures unemployment was conscripts not counted as reduced from 26% in 1933 unemployed to almost zero by 1939

* Publics works * Many Jews were sacked, programmes built schools lost property and money and hospitals and the which artificially boosted Olympic stadium the German economy

* 80,000 jobs were created * Many women lost with the construction of professional jobs and were the autobahn not counted as unemployed

* Most did not question the * Germany was virtually success of the economic policies crime free with a better – job security meant Germans standard of living than were happy to keep quiet and go anytime in last 30 years along with the ideology Watch this 4 minute clip to to see how Hitler’s economic policies made the people love him nazi propaganda

Double click on swastika to Double click on swastika to see a short clip of the see the official film of the Nuremberg Rally (2.54) 1936 Berlin Olympics (6.09) NAZI Propaganda Methods Media How It Was Used

The Nazi Party owned The several newspapers. Press Goebbels could print exactly what he wanted

Nazis produced millions of Radio cheap radios with limited wavelength. By 1939 70% of German homes owned one. Took advantage of the huge popularity of the cinema to Film show light hearted propaganda films to keep up morale NAZI Propaganda Methods Media How It Was Used

Goebbels organised a book Books burning campaign. School textbooks were filled with Nazi beliefs and militarism

Nazi music and Hitler’s speeches played continually in cafes and Music / restaurants and from Speeches loudspeakers attached to street lamp posts Annual Nuremberg rally in September. Mock battles, Theatre marching bands, military parades, speeches by Hitler, Cathedral of Light, 1936 Berlin Olympics Propaganda Posters

Poster What Does What Does What Message Is It No. It Show It Say Trying To Put Across “The game is 15 Exhausted over. The Britain is losing the Lion & Lion Tamer British Lion no war and Germany will longer rules soon rule the world the world” Stormtrooper “Real men are Join the SA and you 6 carrying the Nazi SA Men.” will be a real man flag Opposition to the Nazis Lack of Opposition

•One leader •Police state created fear •Political rivals removed •Overwhelming propaganda •State censorship •Indoctrination •Totalitarian state •Improved economy •One race •National pride restored Take notes on each of the following Nazi resistance groups on your Gestapo Report then decide which was the most dangerous to the Nazis

White Rose August Landmesser

Warsaw Uprising Operation Valkyrie White Rose The Warsaw Uprising August Landmesser Operation Valkyrie Bonus Clip Opposition from the Jews 'Resistance by necessity' Opposition from Jews

Organized armed resistance was the most forceful form of Jewish opposition to the Nazis. Occupied countries: Jewish authorities in Palestine sent parachutists into Hungary to aid Jews. In France, various elements of the Jewish underground consolidated to form the Armee Juive (Jewish Army). Camps: At Treblinka, prisoners with stolen weapons attacked the SS staff. Most of the rebels were shot, though several dozen prisoners escaped. At Auschwitz, four Jewish women successfully blew up the gas ovens – all four were executed. Ghettos: The inhabitants of the Warsaw ghetto rose up in rebellion when news leaked out that the Nazis planned to deport them all to the Treblinka extermination camp. The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

As German forces entered the Warsaw ghetto in April 1943 to destroy it, the Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB) pelted German tanks with hand grenades.

Numbers Heavy machine Sub-machine Rifles guns guns Germans 2,100 13 135 1358 Jews 1,200 0 2 17 Opposition from Young People 'Resistance due to disillusionment' The Swing movement and the Edelweiss Pirates

Some young people chose to oppose the Nazis, even though they (unlike the Jews) could have lived a quiet life in the Third Reich.

The Swing movement met to dance and listen to forbidden jazz music, and welcomed Jews in their clubs.

The Edelweiss Pirates, or Navajos, helped deserters and refugees during the war – 12 of their leaders were hanged in Cologne in 1944 for attacking the Gestapo.

On the next slide you can read the 'Song of the Navajos'. The Song of the Navajos White Rose Religious Opposition 'Resistance on principle' Religious opposition – Protestants Religious opposition – Catholics

The Catholic Church was even less willing to face up to Hitler. This was partly because the Nazis had reached a deal with the Pope (the Concordat). One exception was Cardinal Galen, who delivered a powerful sermon against the Nazi euthanasia programme in 1941. Cardinal Galen

The sermon sent a shockwave through the Nazi leadership all the way up to Hitler. He ordered the arrest of three parish priests who had distributed Cardinal Galen’s sermon, and then had them beheaded. However, Hitler left Galen unharmed. Why do you think that the Nazis chose not to execute Galen? Hitler then officially suspended the euthanasia programme which had accounted for nearly a hundred thousand deaths by this time. It continued in secret – drugs and starvation were now used instead of mass gassings. Was Catholic resistance more significant than that of the Protestants? Opposition from the Military The Bomb Plot

By the summer of 1944, the German army was on the retreat. A group of army generals decided to kill Hitler and then make peace.

On 20 July 1944, Colonel von Stauffenberg, leader of the plotters, attended a meeting at Hitler’s headquarters. Present were 24 officers and Hitler himself.

Not long after the start of the meeting, Stauffenberg made his excuses and left, leaving behind a briefcase containing a bomb.

Minutes later, the bomb exploded. The Bomb Plot

Stauffenberg flew to Berlin and announced that Hitler was dead, and that the army generals were taking over. He had spoken too soon. Moments before the bomb went off, the briefcase had been moved out of Hitler’s way – so although four men were killed in the conference room, Hitler was not one of them. Photograph courtesy of the Imperial War Museum, London.

Within hours, the plotters had been rounded up by the Gestapo. They were given a short trial, and then shot. Why was there so little opposition? Plenary Persecution of the Jews Why?

• Historically viewed and persecuted as the killers of Christ • Jews were regarded as an inferior race • Contact between Jews and the German ‘Master Race’ threatened the racial purity of Germany • Nazis promoted the belief that there was an international Jewish plot to control the world • There was jealousy of Jewish financial and business success. • Jews were blamed for the loss of WW1, the humiliating Treaty of Versailles, unemployment, hyperinflation and the weakness of the Weimar Government and the Wall St Crash (Propaganda) 1933 Boycott of Jewish businesses Jews sacked from jobs in civil service, education, law and medicine Anti-semitic lessons taught in German schools 1935 Nuremberg Laws passed -Jews forced to wear the Star of David -Jews lost German citizenship including right to vote -Those with one Jewish grandparent themselves classed as Jewish -Jews not permitted to marry non-Jews

1936 Jews issued with separate identity cards 1938 Jewish passports stamped with large letter ‘J’ Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) – Jewish businesses and synagogues looted and destroyed, 30,000 arrested, 300 killed Jewish children expelled from schools 1939 Jews forcibly removed from their homes into the ghettos 1941 Auschwitz chosen as site for the first death camp

1942 15 top Nazis meet in Berlin to finalise plans for the Final Solution and ultimately the systematic murder of 6 million European Jews Elsbeth Rosenfeld

1 2

3 4 The Holocaust

Never Forget January 30th 1933

Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany

March 22nd 1933

First Nazi concentration camp opens at Dachua

September 15th 1935

Nuremberg Laws deny civil rights to Jewish citizens

July 15th 1938

At a meeting of the League of Nations no country offers to help the millions of Jews fleeing Europe

October 5th 1938

Nazis force all Jewish passports to be stamped with a large red letter ‘J’

November 9th 1938

Kristallnacht The Night of Broken Glass

November 15th 1938

Jewish children expelled from all German schools

September 3rd 1939

Britain declares war on Germany

January 25th 1940

Auschwitz chosen as the first death camp site in Poland

November 15th 1940

Warsaw ghetto in Poland is sealed off with 400,000 Jews inside

July 1941

Auschwitz chosen as the site to begin the Final Solution

September 29th 1941

SS murder 33,771 Jews in Babi Yar near Kiev including two year old Mania Halef

December 8th 1941

Chelmno death camp begins using mobile gas vans

January 20th 1942

15 top Nazis meet in Berlin to finalise plans for the Final Solution

March 1942

Gas chambers at Belzec death camp become operational

June 10th 1942

172 men and boys aged over 16 murdered in the town of Lidice, Czechoslovakia

July 23rd 1942

New death camp at Treblinka, Poland becomes operational

September 9th 1942

Nazis start to dig up bodies for burning to hide evidence of mass murder

September 26th 1942

SS begins cashing in possessions and valuables of Jews in Auschwitz

October 14th 1942

Mass execution of 1,700 Jewish women and children from Mizocz Ghetto in Ukraine

December 1942

Belzec death camp closed and dismantled after deaths of 600,000 Jews

August 1943

Exterminations cease at Treblinka after 870,000 deaths

April 6th 1944

Nazis raid a Jewish childrens home near Paris. Only one child survives

May 16th 1944

Nazis report over 88 pounds of gold teeth removed from Jewish victims

June 1944

Single biggest number of deaths in one day reported at Auschwitz. 9,000 victims.

October 30th 1944

Final use of gas chambers at Auschwitz

January 20th 1945

SS use explosives to try and destroy all evidence at Auschwitz

January 1945

Nazis begin death marches from all concentration camps

January 27th 1945

Auschwitz is liberated. Final death tally is 2,000,000 including 6 year old Anna Klein and her 3 year old brother Jon

April 10th 1945

Buchenwald is liberated. Amongst the human remains the Allies found a lamp shade made of human skin

May 7th 1945

Germany surrenders to the Allies

November 20th 1945

Nazi leaders go on trial at Nuremberg in Germany

Final death toll

Never forget 1. Copy the Star of 2. Insert examples of Jewish David onto your paper persecution in the outside (full size) triangles

3. Write a paragraph in the centre of the Star of David describing 4. Cut out your Star of what life must have been like for a David and stick it on the Jew in Nazi Germany or do a drawing to summarise their ‘Nazi Wall of Shame’ treatment

Enemies of the State