Hitler and the Nazis 20th April 1889 30th January 1933 Nazis Rise to Power Nazi Control & Terror Nazi Education Hitler Youth Women in Nazi Germany Economy in Nazi Germany Nazi Propaganda Opposition to the Nazis Persecution of the Jews nazis Rise to power Click on each image to see a short clip about why Hitler & the Nazis came to power 2.Hatred of Treaty of 8.The Reichstag Fire Versailles (2.15) (4.35) 3.Munich Putsch made 1.Early life of Adolf Hitler 7.How Hitler Became Hitler famous (6.14) (14.23) Chancellor (9.29) 4.Skilled/Popular 5.Who voted for Hitler? 6.The Rise of the Nazis Speaker (2.36) (2.50) (4.14) nazi CONTROL & TERROR Key Quote “Terror is the best political weapon for nothing drives people harder than a fear of sudden death.” Nazi State There were five main areas of ‘control’ within Nazi Germany 1. Concentration Camps 2. Legal System 3. Propaganda 4. Schutzstaffel (SS) 5. Gestapo GEHEIME STAATS POLIZEI SECRET STATE POLICE Heinrich Himmler Commander of the SS and the Gestapo The leaders of the Gestapo Reinhard Heydrich Heinrich Muller Director of the Gestapo 1934-1939 Director of the Gestapo 1939-1945 Secret State Police force set up to investigate all ‘enemies of the state’ in Germany Only 8,000 officers but over 160,000 informers – their greatest weapon Experts in torture and interrogation techniques Operated without any restrictions or consequences Famous for the Gestapo ‘knock on the door’ Those ‘visited’ by the Gestapo would be taken to prison or a concentration camp or they might never been seen again If you wanted to avoid a visit from the Gestapo then you said only positive things about life in Nazi Germany or you said nothing at all How did Hitler keep control of Germany? The Terror State Propaganda Secret police called the Mass Rallies, Posters Gestapo would spy on and Propaganda films. and arrest enemies of the state. The Carrot The Nazis controlled & and censored the radio SS were responsible & newspapers. for running the The Stick concentration camps. School children were indoctrinated with Nazi Everyone was scared of Popularity ideas at school. being arrested by the Gestapo and being put in Ripping up the Hitler Youth & the a concentration camp. Treaty of Versailles. Young Maidens. Creating Jobs, Speeches, Promises Enemies of the State • Communists • Germans who bought • Social Democrats from Jews • Jews • Pacifists • Trade Unionists. • Radical Christian • Work Shy Organisation • Homosexuals • Anyone who criticised Hitler or the Nazi • Gypsies Party. • 800,000 Germans were imprisoned from 1933 – 1945 as ‘Enemies of the State.’ • 500,000 were executed by being shot in the neck. Enemies of• theA list Stateof German women who were still purchasing goods from Jewish shops. • Printed to scare or terrorise other people into not buying from the Jews. How did the Terror State Work? You are imprisoned When you are Gestapo Spies for up to six months released you tell inform on you doing hard physical everybody what has labour. happened to you You are handed You are woken up by over to the SS who the Gestapo at 1 am in run the the morning and told concentration Fear that you have 5 minutes camps. to pack your bags. By signing this form Days or maybe weeks You are arrested you are giving your later you are and thrown into a consent to be put into interviewed and cell at the police a concentration camp. asked to sign form station D11 Martin Niemoller, 1945 • When the Nazis came for the Communists I was silent, I was not a Communist. • When the Nazis came for the Social Democrats I was silent, I was not a Social Democrat. • When the Nazis came for the Trade Unionists I was silent, I was not a Trade Unionist. • When the Nazis came for the Jews I was silent, I was not a Jew. • When the Nazis came for me ……… ………there was nobody left to speak up for me. Nazi Education “You (adults) may disagree with me, but it does not matter, your children are mine already” Class 4DH Imagine it is 1933 and our school is a normal secondary school somewhere in Germany. National Announcement on behalf of the Department of Education The following announcement will be made to all secondary school students throughout Germany on Tuesday 29th August 1933. Success of Current Education Policy As you might be aware, the proper education of all children has become a key component of the brilliant success of the present Government. No other Government in the history of the world has managed to perfect the instruction of its youth. We are now in the final stages of our 10 year plan. As promised in our manifesto we will be making some radical, but beneficial, changes to the National Curriculum. Bernard Rust Major Changes All teachers with anti-nazi feelings will be sacked and ‘re-educated’. Remaining teachers are requested to join the Nazi Teaching Association. (97% did!) All existing textbooks will be rewritten or burned. All Jewish children will be banned from school from 1938. Only 10% of university places will be set aside for girls. Changes to the School Day • School will begin at 8am sharp. • All children throughout Germany will begin the day with one hour of keep fit. • Boys can choose from Boxing, Rowing, Running or Rugby. • Girls must do Music and Movement. New Subjects - Boys • Each school must incorporate or purchase a farm or similar agricultural premises • Each school must offer qualifications in Agricultural Sciences. • These qualifications will naturally only be available to boys. New Subjects - Girls • Girls will from now on be able to benefit from a range of child care courses. These will be run in conjunction with local colleges. • In addition, all girls must be able to take the following subjects: – Needlework – Domestic Science – Beauty & Therapy Changes to Subjects • Geography – you will learn about the land stolen from Germany and the extra land it needs to house the Master Race. • Maths – we will calculate military and national problems • Heritage – we will celebrate famous German victories of the past and examine how the Jews lost us the First World War and caused hyperinflation in the 1920s • Science – we will study the principles of shooting, military aviation, bridge building and the impact of poisonous gases. • Biology – students will be taught the best way to select a ‘mate’. The problems of hereditary diseases. The evils of inter-racial marriages and the benefits of sterilization and euthanasia. Removal of Unnecessary Lessons • All other modern languages. • History. Recent visits have confirmed that History is being taught incorrectly in secondary schools. History will now be replaced by Heritage. This subject will explore Germany’s glorious past, present & future. Religion - New Guidelines • Religious Studies will no longer be taught in Secondary Schools. This subject will be replaced by a 1 hour Protestant Service. • Students belonging to all other faiths must use school books with red covers as opposed to those with green ones. • Pupils suspecting their friends of believing in any other Religion must report them to the school authorities. Physical Education • The Fuhrer only wants boys who can suffer pain, know no fear and serve their country with pride. • There will be regular fitness tests for all boys and girls. • Anyone who fails ANY fitness test will be humiliated and expelled. • P.E. will be the priority of all pupil’s timetables. Inappropriate Use of Uniform • It is an insult to your country to be seen with school uniform in disarray. • Any child seen with their shirt hanging out of their trousers or their tie at half mast must be reported by his/her classmates. • All deviant children will enter a two year correction programme. Here they will have their dignity and pride restored painlessly. Morning Prayer • The Fuhrer’s prayer must be said by the whole school at the start of each day. Fuhrer, my Fuhrer given me by God, Protect and preserve my life for long. You rescued Germany from its deepest need. I thank you for my daily bread. Stay for a long time with me, leave me not. Fuhrer, my Fuhrer, my faith, my light. Hail my Fuhrer! Noses • All school children, throughout Germany, must have their noses measured. • Anyone with a nose more than 5cm long (girls) or 6.5cm long (boys) must present themselves to the Racial Purity Board for a painless medical check. • This may or may not be accompanied by a vitamin injection. Typical Timetable for Girls Time Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 8.00 Fitness Fitness Fitness Fitness Fitness Fitness 9.00 German German German German German German 10.00 Geography History Singing History Geography History 11.00 Racial Racial Racial Racial Nazi Nazi Studies Studies Studies Studies Ideology Ideology 12.00 Domestic Science Church Domestic Science Church Science Service Science Service 1.00 Biology Domestic Eugenics Biology Domestic Eugenics Science Science 2.00 P.E P.E P.E P.E P.E P.E 6.00 Finish Finish Finish Finish Finish Finish Typical Timetable for Boys Time Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 8.00 Fitness Fitness Fitness Fitness Fitness Fitness 9.00 German German German German German German 10.00 Geography History Singing History Geography History 11.00 Racial Racial Racial Racial Nazi Nazi Studies Studies Studies Studies Ideology Ideology 12.00 Maths Science Church Maths Science Church Service Service 1.00 Biology Maths Eugenics Biology Maths Eugenics 2.00 P.E P.E P.E P.E P.E P.E 6.00 Finish Finish Finish Finish Finish Finish Adolf Hitler Schools • The very best male students will be removed from regular schooling between the ages of 12 and 18 to attend elite Adolf Hitler Schools.