Netherlands Reports to the Eighteenth International Congress of Comparative Law
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NETHERLANDS REPORTS TO THE EIGHTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF COMPARATIVE LAW NETHERLANDS REPORTS TO THE EIGHTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF COMPARATIVE LAW Washington 2010 EDITORS J.H.M. VAN ERP AND L.P.W. VAN VLIET Intersentia ANTWERP – OXFORD – PORTLAND Distribution for the UK: Distribution for the USA and Hart Publishing Ltd. Canada: 16C Worcester Place International Specialized Book Oxford OX1 2JW Services UK 920 NE 58th Ave. Suite 300 Tel.: +44 1865 51 75 30 Portland, OR 97213 Fax: +44 1865 51 07 10 USA Tel.: +1 800 944 6190 (toll free) Tel.: +1 503 287 3093 Fax: +1 503 280 8832 Email: [email protected] Distribution for Austria: Distribution for other countries: Neuer Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Intersentia Publishers Argentinierstraße 42/6 Groenstraat 31 A-1040 Wien 2640 Mortsel Austria Belgium Tel.: +43 1 535 61 03 24 Tel.: +32 3 680 15 50 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Netherlands Reports to the Eighteenth International Congress of Comparative Law J.H.M. van Erp & L.P.W. van Vliet (editors) © 2010 J.H.M. van Erp, L.P.W. van Vliet, the authors of the reports & Intersentia Antwerp – Oxford – Portland www.intersentia.com ISBN 978-94-000-0042-1 D/2010/7849/40 NUR 828 No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means, without permission from the contributors concerned. FOREWORD It has already been four years ago that, under the auspices of the Netherlands Comparative Law Association, the XVIIth World Congress of Comparative Law was organised by the law faculty of Utrecht University. The upcoming XVIIIth World Congress will be held in Washington DC, co-organised by the American University College of Law, George Washington University Law School and Georgetown University Law Center. The programme offers a broad spectrum of topics. No doubt, the conference will be highly stimulating and fruitful for all those involved: national reporters, general reporters and all other participants. In the past decades comparative law has become a generally accepted method of legal analysis and legal thinking, particularly in regions where economic integration cannot proceed without legal integration. One of these regions is the European Union (EU) where comparative studies, in all legal areas, pave the way towards possible harmonisation or unification of the law. A prime example is the work done by the Study Group on a European Civil Code and the Research Group on EC Private Law (Acquis Group), resulting in the Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR), containing principles, definitions and model rules of European private law. Unification of laws is, of course, a process going on in other regions as well. The Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du Droit des Affaires (OHADA) is an important example. A world congress of comparative law can bring comparative lawyers from all these regions together to share their experience and perhaps even discuss new projects. Comparative analysis begins with solid and reliable research on national law. A comparison loses much of its value if the legal systems to be compared have been described inadequately. The Netherlands Comparative Law Association is therefore grateful to all the Dutch national reporters who were willing to write a report. The national reporters provided clear and informative insights in the development of Dutch law. A final word of thanks should be addressed to my co-editor and treasurer and associate-secretary of our association, dr. Lars van Vliet of Maastricht University. His invaluable help and perseverance are greatly appreciated. Many thanks also to Ms Marina Jodogne from Maastricht University for her final editing work. We are also indebted to Mr Kris Moeremans of Intersentia for making the publication of these national reports possible. Prof. dr. Sjef van Erp, Professor of civil law and European private law, Maas- tricht University & President Netherlands Comparative Law Association v TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ..............................................................................................................v List of Authors......................................................................................................... ix I A C. BRANTS Legal Culture and Legal Transplants .................................................................... 1 I B S.C. VAN BIJSTERVELD Religion and the Secular State .............................................................................. 93 I C J.M. SMITS The Complexity of Transnational Law: Coherence and Fragmentation of Private Law ........................................................................................................... 113 II A 2 M. VONK Maternity for Another: A Double Dutch Approach ........................................ 131 II B 2 K. BOELE-WOELKI & D. VAN ITERSON The Dutch Private International Law Codification: Principles, Objectives and Opportunities................................................................................................ 145 II C 1 M.B.M. LOOS Cost and Fee Allocation in Civil Procedure...................................................... 185 II C 2 M.-J. VAN DER HEIJDEN Class Actions/les actions collectives ................................................................. 197 II D M. PEETERS Climate Law in The Netherlands: The Search towards a National Legislative Framework for a Global Problem................................................... 217 III A 1 J. VAN BEKKUM, J.B.S. HIJINK, M.C. SCHOUTEN & J.W. WINTER Corporate Governance in the Netherlands....................................................... 239 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS III A 3 D. FABER & B. SCHUIJLING Financial Leasing and its Unification by Unidroit........................................... 283 III B 2 TH.C.J.A. VAN ENGELEN Jurisdiction and Applicable Law in Matters of Intellectual Property ........... 307 III C L.C.J. SPRENGERS & G.A. STOUTHART The Prohibition of Age Discrimination in Labour Relations.......................... 339 III D C.P. VERWER The Law Applicable on the Continental Shelf and the EEZ ........................... 355 IV A 2 E.A. ALKEMA International Law in Domestic Systems............................................................ 375 IV B 1 H. BROEKSTEEG Foreign Voters in the Netherlands. Towards an Enlargement of the Right to Vote?.................................................................................................................. 403 IV B 2 J. UZMAN, T. BARKHUYSEN & M.L. VAN EMMERIK The Dutch Supreme Court: A Reluctant Positive Legislator? ........................ 423 IV C 1 A.W. HINS Plurality of Political Opinions and the Concentration of Media.................... 469 IV E R.H.C. LUJA Regulation of Corporate Tax Avoidance in the Netherlands......................... 495 V A 1 P.H.P.H.M.C. VAN KEMPEN Human Rights and Criminal Justice Applied to Legal Persons. Protection and liability of Private and Public Juristic Entities under the ICCPR, ECHR, ACHR and AfChHPR............................................................................. 509 V A 2 B.F. KEULEN & E. GRITTER Corporate Criminal Liability in the Netherlands............................................. 553 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS V B M.J. BORGERS & L. STEVENS The Use of Illegally Gathered Evidence in the Dutch Criminal Trial ........... 569 VI B.-J. KOOPS Cybercrime Legislation in the Netherlands...................................................... 595 ix LIST OF AUTHORS E.A. Alkema Evert A. Alkema is holder of the Van Asbeck chair and professor emeritus of constitutional and administrative law at the Faculty of Law, University of Leiden, the Netherlands T. Barkhuysen Tom Barkhuysen is professor of Constitutional and Administrative Law at Leyden University and a practising member of the Amsterdam Bar (Stibbe) J. van Bekkum Jaron van Bekkum is an attorney at De Brauw, Blackstone Westbroek N.V. S.C. van Bijsterveld Dr. Sophie van Bijsterveld is associate professor at the Faculties of Law and of Humanities, Tilburg University, the Netherlands. She is a Member of the Dutch Senate K. Boele-Woelki Katharina Boele-Woelki is professor of Private International Law, Comparative Law and Family Law at the University of Utrecht, the Netherlands; Extraordinary Professor at the University of the Western Cape, South Africa; Titular Member of the International Academy of Comparative Law M.J. Borgers Matthias Borgers is professor of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure at VU University Amsterdam. He is a member of the board of the Netherlands Comparative Law Association and a substitute judge in the Amsterdam Court of Appeal C.H. Brants Chrisje Brants is professor of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure at Utrecht University, the Netherlands H. Broeksteeg Dr. Hansko Broeksteeg is an associate professor of constitutional law at the Radboud University Nijmegen M.L. van Emmerik Michiel L. van Emmerik is Associate Professor of Constitutional and Administrative Law at Leyden University and Deputy Judge at the Amsterdam District Court xi LIST OF AUTHORS Th.C.J.A. van Engelen Dick van Engelen is professor of Industrial Property Law at the Centre for Intellectual Property Rights (CIER), Molengraaff Institute, Utrecht University, the Netherlands and is an attorney at Ventoux Advocaten B.V. N.E.D. Faber Dennis Faber is professor of Private and Commercial law at the Business & Law Research Centre of the Radboud University Nijmegen, Senior Counsel with Clifford Chance LLP (Amsterdam office) and Justice at the Court of Appeal of The Hague E. Gritter Dr. E. Gritter,