1923 Geneva Protocol on Arbitration Clauses, 120 1952 Arrest Convention, 134, 135 EU Rules, 141 Exclusions, 136 Recognition
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Bridging the Gap: Addressing the Doctrinal Disparity Between Forum Non Conveniens and Judgment Recognition and Enforcement in Transnational Litigation
Bridging the Gap: Addressing the Doctrinal Disparity Between Forum Non Conveniens and Judgment Recognition and Enforcement in Transnational Litigation ALEXANDER R. Moss* TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................... 210 1. CURRENT DOCTRINES OF FORUM NON CONVENIENS AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS ................................ 214 A. FORUM NON CONVENIENS ............................ 215 1. Introduction . ................................. 215 2. The Adequate Alternative Forum ................. 216 3. Private and Public Interest Factors ................ 217 4. Degree of Deference to Plaintiff's Choice of Forum .... 218 B. ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS .................. 220 1. Introduction . ................................. 220 2. The Roots of the Current Doctrine ................ 221 3. Harmonization of Recognition & Enforcement Standards .................................. 223 C. THE DOCTRINAL GAP BETWEEN FORUM NON CONVENIENS AND JUDGMENT RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT .............. 225 II. ISSUES RAISED BY THE CURRENT GAP IN STANDARDS ............ 225 A. INADEQUACY OF THE "ADEQUATE ALTERNATIVE FORUM" STANDARD . ...................................... 227 * Georgetown Law, J.D. 2017; Georgetown University, B.S.F.S. 2011. © 2017, Alexander R. Moss. I am extremely thankful to Professor David Stewart for his guidance and insight in helping me develop my topic and improve this Note over the course of the production process. Many thanks are also due to The Georgetown Law Journal's exceptional editors and staff, especially Allie Berkowitch, Spencer McManus, Elizabeth Janicki, Ryan Giannetti, and the Notes Committee, for all of their hard work and thoughtful suggestions along the way. Finally, I would like to thank my wonderful family and friends, who have been with me every step of the way during my law school experience, and without whom none of this would have been possible. 209 210 THE GEORGETOWN LAw JOURNAL [Vol. 106:209 B. -
Pending Litigation, Impending Brexit: What Next for Dispute Resolution Clauses?
October 2020 Pending litigation, impending Brexit: What next for dispute resolution clauses? There has been a recent influx of cases before the English courts in relation to jurisdiction to determine a dispute. Whether this is linked to the impending departure of the UK from the European Union or whether this is just a coincidence is unclear. What is apparent is that this complex area of law is about to become increasingly complicated as well as contentious. Selecting a future-proof dispute resolution clause is never easy. In the current uncertain times, it is particularly challenging. In this article, we highlight the key issues to be aware of from a review of recent case law. What are the key differences between the Under the Lugano Convention (and earlier Brussels legislative instruments in the European Regulation3), if parties commence parallel Regime? proceedings in the courts of contracting states, priority is always given to the court first seised. That An outline of the European Regime (including the is the case whether the court first seised is the Hague Choice of Court Convention 2005, the “Hague chosen court in a jurisdiction clause or not. All other Convention”) is available in our Brexit Disputes courts must then stay proceedings until the court guide here . By way of a brief reminder, the Brussels first seised determines jurisdiction. This is known as Recast1 will no longer apply to the UK from the end the “lis alibi pendens” rule. The rule is open to abuse of the transition period (31 December 2020). The UK by a litigation tactic called the “Italian Torpedo”, has applied to join the Lugano Convention 20072 but where a party deliberately commences proceedings has not yet received the consent of the other in a slow-moving jurisdiction (in breach of a contracting states (notably the EU). -
A Comparative Study of the Fundamental Juridical
A Comparative Study of the Fundamental Juridical Nature, Classification and Private Law Enforcement of Jurisdiction and Choice of Law Agreements in the English Common Law of Conflict of Laws, the European Union Private International Law Regime and the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Law at the University of Aberdeen Mukarrum Ahmed LLB (Hons) (University of London), LLM (City University London), Barrister-at-Law (Lincoln’s Inn) 2015 1 Declaration This thesis has been composed solely by the candidate, Mukarrum Ahmed. It has not been accepted in any previous application for a degree. The work has been carried out solely by the candidate. All quotations have been distinguished clearly and the sources of information specifically acknowledged. Signed: ..................................................... Mukarrum Ahmed 16 December 2015 2 Hypotheses are nets: only he who casts will catch. Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg, Novalis Schriften (Friedrich Schlegel and Ludwig Tieck ed, 1802) Dialogue 5, 429. There is nothing more necessary to the man of science than its history, and the logic of discovery . : the way error is detected, the use of hypothesis, of imagination, the mode of testing. Lord Acton cited in Karl Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery (Routledge Classics, Routledge 2005) xvii. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to my doctoral supervisor, Dr Jonathan Fitchen, whose encouragement and guidance were at all times generous and cheerfully administered. I am indebted to Professor Paul R Beaumont, the internal examiner of my PhD thesis and a mentor at the Centre for Private International Law, University of Aberdeen. -
Glossary in English) Belongs to Asa
Авторские права на оригинальный текст принадлежат Швейцарской Арбитражной Ассоциации (ASA) COPYRIGHT TO THE SOURCE TEXT (GLOSSARY IN ENGLISH) BELONGS TO ASA Glossary of Arbitration and ADR Terms and Abbreviations Словарь терминов и сокращений в области арбитража и альтернативных способов разрешения споров E: English F: French D: German Esp.: Spanish I: Italian L: Latin NL: Dutch R: Russian = equivalent, also called …(то же, что и…) : means… (означает) term for which there is an entry in this Glossary. see…(см. термин в Словаре) (1), (2) various meanings (sometimes one more specific included in the other) in the same entry. For an example ADR. (разные значения одного и того же термина) term to be preferred because it is best understood internationally (предпочтительный термин) term to be avoided because it is incorrect, misleading, rare or too local, means dif- ferent things to different people, or may appear offensive (термин, использование которого не рекомендуется). A AAA = American Arbitration Association = Американская арбитражная ассоциация, ААА (R), the leading arbitration institution in the United States of America. Issued (a) International Ar- bitration Rules, (b) other rules, (c) with ABA, Code of Ethics for Arbitrators in Commercial Disputes, 1977, amended, 2005. www.adr.org. ICDR. ABA = American Bar Association = Американская ассоциация адвокатов (R). www.abanet.org abuse of right = злоупотребление правом (R) = abus de droit (F) = Rechtsmissbrauch (D) = abuso de derechos (Esp.): a civil law(2) concept similar to estoppel, venire contra factum pro- prium (L), or fraus legis (L). accept jurisdiction = признать наличие юрисдикции (R) = find that own jurisdiction exists. Kompetenz-Kompetenz(2). Contrast decline jurisdiction. ACIArb = член Королевского Института арбитров (R) = Associate of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators. -
Nestle Amicus Brief.October.19.2020
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Nos. 19-416 & 19-453 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES NESTLÉ USA, INC., Petitioner, v. JOHN DOE I, et al., Respondents. __________ CARGILL, INC., Petitioner, v. JOHN DOE I, et al., Respondents. On Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit BRIEF OF FOREIGN LAWYERS AS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF RESPONDENTS Tanya Sukhija-Cohen William J. Aceves Hadsell Stormer Renick Counsel of Record & Dai LLP California Western School 128 North Fair Oaks Ave. of Law Pasadena, CA 91103 225 Cedar Street (626) 585-9600 San Diego, CA 92101 [email protected] (619) 515-1589 [email protected] Counsel for Amici Curiae ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................... i TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ................................. iii INTEREST OF AMICI CURIAE ............................ 1 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ................................ 1 ARGUMENT ........................................................... 3 I. INTERNATIONAL LAW ALLOWS STATES TO EXERCISE JURISDICTION OVER THEIR CITIZENS, INCLUDING CORPORATIONS, REGARDLESS OF WHERE THEY OPERATE .......................... 3 II. FOREIGN STATES ROUTINELY ASSERT JURISDICTION OVER DOMESTIC CORPORATIONS REGARDLESS OF WHERE THEY OPERATE .......................... 9 A. AUSTRALIA ............................................ 9 B. CANADA ................................................ 15 C. ENGLAND & WALES ........................... 21 D. FRANCE ................................................ 25 E. GERMANY -
Switzerland to Ratify Hague Trust Convention
Switzerland to ratify Hague Trust Convention The Swiss Federal Justice Department is inviting comments on its latest draft legislation covering Switzerland’s by Richard Pease ratification of the Hague Trust Convention. Its arguments are outlined below. Lenz & Staehelin Geneva, Switzerland On 20th October the Swiss Federal Justice decisions. However, the Justice Department does Department announced further details of its not consider it appropriate to follow Professor plan to recommend to the Swiss parliament an Thévenoz’s recommendations in this respect, early ratification of the Hague Trust and has decided to restrict the new proposals to Convention. In December 2003, an earlier the specific area of trusts. The most important consultation paper was circulated to various of these proposals are summarised below. “... the resulting professional bodies (including STEP draft legislation has Switzerland) and other interested parties, who ADDITIONS TO THE PRIVATE Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/tandt/article/11/1/17/1711135 by guest on 29 September 2021 now been circulated responded by making comments and INTERNATIONAL LAW ACT suggestions on the preliminary draft proposal Four new sections would be added to the Private for wider aimed at adapting Swiss law to permit full International Law Act (“PILA”). consultation.” statutory recognition in Switzerland of the The court of jurisdiction which would be incidences of the trust relationship. Those competent to rule on the legal effect, the comments have been largely incorporated in the administration, modification or termination of a Justice Department’s latest proposals, and the trust created by a legal act (thus excluding resulting draft legislation has now been constructive trusts) would be that designated (in circulated for wider consultation. -
THE CHINESE PRACTICE of PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW the Chinese Practice of Private International Law QINGJIANG KONG* and HU MINFEI†
THE CHINESE PRACTICE OF PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW The Chinese Practice of Private International Law QINGJIANG KONG* AND HU MINFEI† CONTENTS I Introduction II Jurisdiction A General Rule of Territorial Jurisdiction B Exceptions to the General Rule of Territorial Jurisdiction 1 Exclusive Jurisdiction 2 Jurisdiction of the People’s Court of the Place in Which the Plaintiff is Domiciled 3 Jurisdiction over Actions Concerning Contractual Disputes or Other Disputes over Property Rights and Interests 4 Jurisdiction over Actions in Tort C Choice of Forum 1 Recognition of Jurisdictional Agreement 2 Construed Jurisdiction D Lis Alibi Pendens E Effect of an Arbitration Agreement on the Jurisdiction of People’s Courts 1 Independence of Arbitration Clause 2 Approach of People’s Courts to Disputes Covered by Arbitration Agreements III Choice of Law A Choice of Law in General 1 Characterisation 2 Renvoi 3 Proof of Foreign Law 4 The Time Factor in Applying Laws 5 Cases Where There is No Provision in Applicable Chinese Law B Contracts 1 Choice of Law for Contracts 2 Applicable Law for Contracts in Cases Where No Law Has Been Chosen C Torts Involving Foreign Elements D Marriage, Family and Succession 1 Marriage 2 Husband-Wife Relationships, Guardianship and Maintenance Relationships 3 Application of Law Concerning Succession IV Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments and Awards A Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments B Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards * BSc (Nanjing), LLM (East China Institute of Politics and Law), PhD (Wuhan); Associate Professor, Law Faculty, Hangzhou Institute of Commerce. † LLB, LLM (Northwest Institute of Politics and Law); Lecturer, Law Faculty, Hangzhou Institute of Commerce. -
CHALLENGES to Forum Non Conveniens I
nyi_45-4 Sheet No. 23 Side A 12/11/2013 10:35:20 \\jciprod01\productn\N\NYI\45-4\NYI402.txt unknown Seq: 1 2-DEC-13 14:28 CHALLENGES TO FORUM NON CONVENIENS RONALD A. BRAND* I. INTRODUCTION .................................. 1003 R II. THE FORUM NON CONVENIENS DOCTRINE ........ 1005 R III. THE COMPETING APPROACH TO PROBLEMS OF PARALLEL LITIGATION: LIS ALIBI PENDENS ........ 1008 R IV. CHALLENGES TO FORUM NON CONVENIENS ....... 1011 R A. External Challenges ........................... 1011 R 1. The European Challenge .................. 1011 R 2. The Nonconformity Challenge .............. 1015 R 3. Two Latin American Challenges ........... 1017 R a. The First Latin American Challenge: Seeking to Prevent Forum Non Conveniens Dismissals ............... 1017 R b. The Second Latin American Challenge: Boomerang Litigation ................. 1023 R B. The Internal Challenge: Recognition Jurisdiction for Arbitral Awards and Foreign Judgments ..... 1027 R V. THE GLOBAL COMPROMISE: THE 2001 HAGUE DRAFT CONVENTION ............................. 1030 R VI. CONCLUSIONS ................................... 1034 R nyi_45-4 Sheet No. 23 Side A 12/11/2013 10:35:20 I. INTRODUCTION Forum non conveniens is an imperfect doctrine, developed and existing mostly in common law jurisdictions, and subject to easy criticism. At the same time, it has survived largely be- cause it serves a legitimate purpose for which no superior sub- stitute has been presented. Its resilience has been demon- strated despite numerous challenges. It is likely to continue to survive and evolve in most states around the world in which it exists. Interestingly, the United Kingdom (including Scotland, * Chancellor Mark A. Nordenberg University Professor and Director, Center for International Legal Education, University of Pittsburgh School of Law. -
The Netherlands International Estate Planning Guide Private Client Tax Committee
The Netherlands International Estate Planning Guide Private Client Tax Committee Contacts: Dirk-Jan Maasland Rogier Ploeg Loyens & Loeff The Netherlands [email protected] [email protected] Updated 4/2021 Table of Contents I. Wills and disability planning documents ..................................................................... 4 A. Will formalities and enforceability of foreign wills .................................................. 4 1. The form of last will and testaments ................................................................ 4 2. Codicils............................................................................................................ 4 3. Post-death variations ...................................................................................... 4 4. The Hague Testamentary Dispositions Convention ........................................ 4 B. Will substitutes (revocable trusts or entities) ........................................................ 4 C. Powers of attorney, directives and similar disability documents ........................... 4 II. Estate administration ................................................................................................. 5 A. Overview of administration procedures ................................................................ 5 1. Administration of the estate ............................................................................. 5 2. Certificate of inheritance ................................................................................ -
Book Reference
Book Le droit de suite et sa reconnaissance selon la Convention de La Haye sur les trusts : "tracing" en droit civil suisse PANNATIER KESSLER, Delphine Abstract Aux frontières du droit des trusts, des droits réels, du droit des obligations, du droit bancaire et du droit international privé, cette thèse étudie la question très controversée de la reconnaissance en Suisse du droit de suite (tracing), selon la Convention de La Haye sur le droit applicable au trust et à sa reconnaissance. Elle démontre que le droit de suite, action du droit des trusts de nature réelle proche de la rei vindicatio, doit être reconnu en Suisse moyennant quelques adaptations, notamment dans les cas où des avoirs bancaires ou des titres intermédiés sont visés. En plus de l’examen des aspects dogmatiques, la thèse apporte aux praticiens des solutions concrètes de fond et de procédure en vue de faciliter la mise en œuvre du droit de suite en Suisse. Reference PANNATIER KESSLER, Delphine. Le droit de suite et sa reconnaissance selon la Convention de La Haye sur les trusts : "tracing" en droit civil suisse. Genève : Schulthess, 2011, 407 p. Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:97796 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 Chapitre 3 : Le droit communautaire des placements collectifs de capitaux 5 Préface 学問に近道なし “Dans la recherche, pas de raccourcis” (proverbe japonais) Pour ma recherche aux frontières de différents domaines du droit, sans guide sur le chemin escarpé, le passage du col n’aurait pas été possible. Je tiens d’abord à remercier mes deux directeurs de thèse, les Professeurs Luc Thévenoz et Bénédict Foëx de l’Université de Genève, de leur ap- pui, de leurs précieux conseils et des perspectives qu’ils m’ont ouvertes. -
MALTA 21-23 October 2010 Seminar Private Clients Trusts Under Attack
MALTA 21-23 October 2010 Seminar Private Clients Trusts Under Attack SEMINAR REPORT Reporters Delphine Pannatier Kessler, Bär & Karrer AG Andrea Dorjee-Good, Schellenberg Wittmer ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DES JEUNES AVOCATS – INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF YOUNG LAWYERS Association sans but lucratif – Non-Profit Association – Siège: Luxembourg (Grand-Duché de Luxembourg) Office: Avenue Louis Lepoutre 59/20 – BE-1050 Brussels – T. +32 2 347 33 34 – F. +32 2 347 55 22 e-mail: [email protected] – www.aija.org Malta report number 2.doc FRIDAY MORNING, 22 OCTOBER 2010 TRUSTS UNDER ATTACK FROM SPOUSES CLAIMING ON DIVORCE Speakers: Eliza Hebditch, Farrer & Co LLP, London; David Cadin, Bedell Cristin, Jersey; Ziva Robertson, Withers LLP; London; Agnès Proton, Cabinet Proton, Cannes Eliza Hebditch, Farrer & Co: Attacks on trusts in the English divorce courts - London is the divorce capital of the world (Presumption of equality; nothing is off the table, including separate property; inclusion of trusts' assets in the calculation) - Suspicion of English family judges against trusts - Disclosure about trusts: • Family judge can order the trustee to provide information • Letters of Request to foreign courts • Look at the pattern of distributions, letter of wishes, all documents - Is a trust a nuptial settlement or a non nuptial settlement? • No statutory definition, issue is whether marriage was taken into account when settling the trust. • Orders directly against the trustees (direct attacks) only if nuptial settlement (order capital or income out of the trust/transfer of property/removal or appointment of trustee) • In non nuptial settlement: Judicious encouragement (indirect attacks) - Sham trust: Not a valid trust at all (Minwalla case) - Transaction to defeat the other spouse's claims: Transfer not valid if 3 years before divorce with intent to deprive the other spouse. -
Lungowe and Others V Vedanta Resources Plc and Another (International Commission of Jurists and Others Intervening)
1051 [2019] 2 WLR Lungowe v Vedanta Resources plc (SC(E))(SC(E)) A Supreme Court Lungowe and others v Vedanta Resources plc and another (International Commission of Jurists and others intervening) [2019] UKSC 20 B 2019 Jan 15, 16; Baroness Hale of Richmond PSC, Lord Wilson, April 10 Lord Hodge, Lady Black, Lord Briggs JSC Conict of laws Ñ Jurisdiction under European Union Regulation Ñ Forum non conveniens Ñ Claimants claims against defendants domiciled in United Kingdom and Zambia respectively Ñ English courts having jursidiction under Regulation in respect of United Kingdom defendant Ñ Whether courts having C discretion to decline jurisdiction in favour of Zambian courts Ñ Parliament and Council Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012, art 4 Practice Ñ Claim form Ñ Service out of jurisdiction Ñ Claimants claims against defendants domiciled in United Kingdom and Zambia respectively Ñ Claimants granted permission to serve claim form on Zambian defendant out of jurisdiction Ñ Whether Ôreal issueÕ between claimants and United Kingdom defendant to which Zambian defendant necessary and proper party Ñ Whether England D Ôproper placeÕ for hearing claim Ñ Whether claimants able to achieve substantial justice if claim heard in Zambia Ñ CPR rr 6.36, 6.37(3), Practice Direction 6B, para 3.1 The claimants, Zambian citizens living in Zambia, brought claims in negligence against the defendants, a United Kingdom company and its Zambian subsidiary, alleging personal injury, damage to property and loss of income, amenity and E enjoyment of land due to pollution and environmental damage caused by discharges from a Zambian copper mine which was owned and operated by the second defendant subsidiary.