DOCSLIB.ORG

Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Bath Department of European Studies and Modern Languages

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Bath Department of European Studies and Modern Languages University of Bath PHD The Role of Literature in Post-Soviet Russia, 1996-2008 Shelton, Joanne Award date: 2010 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 06. Oct. 2021 The Role of Literature in Post-Soviet Russia, 1996-2008 Joanne Mary Shelton A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Bath Department of European Studies and Modern Languages November 2010 COPYRIGHT Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of this thesis rests with its author. A copy of this thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and they must not copy it or use material from it except as permitted by law or with the consent of the author. This thesis may be made available for consultation within the University Library and may be photocopied or lent to other libraries for the purposes of consultation. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS The Role of Literature in Post-Soviet Russia, 1996-2008 ............................................ 1 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... 6 Abstract ...................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction and Theoretical Framework ..................................................................... 9 The Production and Consumption of Literature ..................................................... 11 Review of Previous Literature ................................................................................ 28 How does this Research fit into Previous Scholarly Studies .................................. 59 Methodology ......................................................................................................... 61 Chapter One: The Publishing Industry ...................................................................... 64 The Soviet Publishing Legacy ............................................................................... 65 In Pursuit of Profit: the Commercial Role of Literature from the Publishers‟ Perspective ........................................................................................................... 71 From the Publisher to the Reader: The Distribution and Promotion of Literature ... 85 Retaining a Hold over Publishing? The Federal State Programmes for the Support of Publishing in Russia .......................................................................................... 90 Is the Commercialisation of Literature the „Normalisation‟ of Literature? ............... 95 The Experiences of Eksmo, Raduga and Feniks ................................................... 99 Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 110 Chapter Two: The „Thick‟ Literary Journal ............................................................... 112 The „Thick‟ Journals in the Soviet Era ................................................................. 113 The „Thick‟ Journal versus the „Glossy‟: The Commercialisation of the Literary Review ................................................................................................................ 118 Funding the Journals: Purely Commercial or Politically Motivated? ..................... 129 The „Thick‟ Journals‟ Contribution to the Discussion about Literature .................. 135 A Forum for Debate: The Changing Fortunes of Novyi mir, Znamya and Afisha .. 139 Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 159 Chapter Three: Politics and Literature ..................................................................... 161 The Soviet Image of the Leader .......................................................................... 162 2 The Post-Yeltsin Re-Politicisation of Literature .................................................... 165 How Putin Became the President of the United States and Other Stories ........... 177 Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 196 Chapter Four: The Rise of Popular Literature and the Decline of the Writer‟s Status197 Popular Literature and the Role of the Writer in the Soviet Era ............................ 198 Making a Living from Writing ............................................................................... 204 To Educate or to Entertain?................................................................................. 211 Does Popular Literature Generate Debate? ........................................................ 217 The „Celebrity‟ Writer ........................................................................................... 223 The Writer is not a God and Literature does not Hold All of the Answers............. 234 Are Akunin and Robski „Literature‟? .................................................................... 244 Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 250 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 252 Bibliography ............................................................................................................ 257 3 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Number of publishers according to region ............................................... 72 Figure 2: Number of titles by type of publisher. ...................................................... 74 Figure 3: Total print run by type of publisher. ......................................................... 75 Figure 4: Number of titles published per year. ........................................................ 78 Figure 5: Total print run.......................................................................................... 79 Figure 6: Average print run. ................................................................................... 80 Figure 7: Publication by theme - number of titles. .................................................. 81 Figure 8: Publication by theme - number of copies. ............................................... 82 Figure 9: Average print run by theme ..................................................................... 83 Figure 10: Number of titles published across the world. ......................................... 95 Figure 11: Number of titles published in the UK and Russia .................................. 96 Figure 12: Number of titles: Eksmo, Raduga and Feniks ..................................... 102 Figure 13: Total print run: Eksmo, Raduga and Feniks. ....................................... 103 Figure 14: Number of copies: percentage in each print-run band ......................... 104 Figure 15: Number of copies: percentage in each print run band ......................... 105 Figure 16: Average print run: Eksmo, Raduga and Feniks. .................................. 106 Figure 17: Circulation of periodical publications. .................................................. 119 Figure 18: How often do you read the „thick‟ journals? ......................................... 122 Figure 19: Circulation figures of the literary journals. ........................................... 142 Figure 20: Circulation figures of the literary journals. ........................................... 143 Figure 21: Average book print run compared journal circulation figures ............... 145 Figure 22: Total number of reviews per year by publication ................................. 147 Figure 23: Number of subjects reviewed by publication per year. ........................ 149 Figure 24: Most frequently reviewed subjects by publication ................................ 150 Figure 25: Most frequently reviewed subjects: Novyi mir ...................................... 151 Figure 26: Most frequently reviewed subjects: Znamya........................................ 152 4 Figure 27: Most frequently reviewed subjects: Afisha .......................................... 153 Figure 28: Number of reviews by subject: Novyi mir. ........................................... 154 Figure 29: Number of reviews by subject: Znamya. ............................................. 155 Figure 30: Number of reviews by subject: Afisha ................................................. 155 Figure 31: Total number of reviews by sub-genre ................................................ 157 Figure 32: Percentage of respondents who claim not to read books at all ............ 205 Figure 33:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nevienareiksmes Situacijos2.Indd
    Summary After the restoration of the independent state of Lithuania in 1990, investigations into the Soviet period were not a sphere at- tracting intellectual forces in Lithuania. In recent years studies into Soviet-era literature have been gathering full speed, though there is still a shortage of important academic works. The present book is an attempt to record what has not been entered into any docu- ment – relationships between the men of letters, assessments of the events that have been preserved only in memory. Due to political reasons stories and reminiscences about that period might be even more important than those about other periods, and the equations of behaviour and choices contain more unknown quantities than a more ‘usual’ context might have. Official discourse, an institutional network, the positions held, literary awards and other kind of public and official life were at variance with the naturally formed relation- ships between people, which most likely were even more significant and influential in the cultural processes of that time than the official ones. Furthermore, according to Pierre Bourdieu, ‘One of the major difficulties in the social history of philosophy, art or literature is that it has to reconstruct these spaces of original possibles which, because they were part of the self-evident givens of the situation, remain un- remarked and are therefore unlikely to be mentioned in contempo- rary accounts, chronicles, or memoirs. It is difficult to conceive of the vast amount of information which is linked to membership of a field and which all contemporaries immediately invest in their reading of works: information about institutions – e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Welfare Reforms in Post-Soviet States: a Comparison
    WELFARE REFORMS IN POST-SOVIET STATES: A COMPARISON OF SOCIAL BENEFITS REFORM IN RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN by ELENA MALTSEVA A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Political Science University of Toronto © Copyright by Elena Maltseva (2012) Welfare Reforms in Post-Soviet States: A Comparison of Social Benefits Reform in Russia and Kazakhstan Elena Maltseva Doctor of Philosophy Political Science University of Toronto (2012) Abstract: Concerned with the question of why governments display varying degrees of success in implementing social reforms, (judged by their ability to arrive at coherent policy outcomes), my dissertation aims to identify the most important factors responsible for the stagnation of social benefits reform in Russia, as opposed to its successful implementation in Kazakhstan. Given their comparable Soviet political and economic characteristics in the immediate aftermath of Communism’s disintegration, why did the implementation of social benefits reform succeed in Kazakhstan, but largely fail in Russia? I argue that although several political and institutional factors did, to a certain degree, influence the course of social benefits reform in these two countries, their success or failure was ultimately determined by the capacity of key state actors to frame the problem and form an effective policy coalition that could further the reform agenda despite various political and institutional obstacles and socioeconomic challenges. In the case of Kazakhstan, the successful implementation of the social benefits reform was a result of a bold and skillful endeavour by Kazakhstani authorities, who used the existing conditions to justify the reform initiative and achieve the reform’s original objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Russi-Monitor-Monthl
    MONTHLY May 2020 CONTENTS 3 17 28 POLAND AND DENMARK BEGIN BELARUS RAMPS UP RUSSIAN ECONOMY COMES CONSTRUCTION OF BALTIC DIVERSIFICATION EFFORTS BADLY BECAUSE OF PANDEMIC PIPE PROJECT TO CHALLENGE WITH U.S. AND GULF CRUDE RUSSIAN GAS DOMINANCE PURCHASES POLAND AND DENMARK BEGIN CONSTRUCTION OF BALTIC PIPE PROJECT CORONAVIRUS IN RUSSIA: BAD NEWS FOR 3 TO CHALLENGE RUSSIAN GAS DOMINANCE 20 THE COUNTRY MOSCOW: THE CAPITAL RUSSIA UNVEILS RESCUE PLAN FOR OIL 5 OF RUSSIAN CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK 22 SECTOR VLADIMIR PUTIN SUFFERS PRESTIGIOUS 6 FAILURE IN VICTORY DAY CELEBRATIONS 23 TENSIONS RISE IN THE BLACK SEA RUSSIA EASES LOCKDOWN YET OFFERS ROSNEFT, TRANSNEFT IN NEW FEUD OVER 8 LITTLE SUPPORT TO CITIZENS 25 TRANSPORTATION TARIFFS ROSNEFT’S SECHIN ASKS OFFICIALS FOR NEW TAX RELIEFS DESPITE RECENT GAZPROM IS TURNING TOWARDS CHINA, 10 MISHAPS 27 BUT THERE ARE PROBLEMS FRADKOV REMAINS AT THE HELM OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY COMES BADLY 12 KREMLIN’S “INTELLIGENCE SERVICE” 28 BECAUSE OF PANDEMIC RUSSIA STEPS UP DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS AS RUSSIA AIMS TO BOOST MILITARY FACILITIES 14 KREMLIN AIDE KOZAK VISITS BERLIN 30 IN SYRIA GAZPROM’S NATURAL GAS EXPORT RUSSIA–NATO TENSIONS CONTINUE ON 16 REVENUE DECLINED DRAMATICALLY IN Q1 32 BOTH FLANKS BELARUS RAMPS UP DIVERSIFICATION RUSSIA, BELARUS SQUABBLE OVER GAS EFFORTS WITH U.S. AND GULF CRUDE DELIVERIES IN NEW CHAPTER OF ENERGY 17 PURCHASES 34 WAR RUSSIA’S ROSNEFT HAS NEW OWNERSHIP RUSSIA FACES BIGGEST MILITARY THREAT 19 STRUCTURE BUT SAME CEO 36 FROM WEST, SHOIGU SAYS 2 www.warsawinstitute.org 4 May 2020 POLAND AND DENMARK BEGIN CONSTRUCTION OF BALTIC PIPE PROJECT TO CHALLENGE RUSSIAN GAS DOMINANCE Construction of a major gas pipeline from Norway is to begin in the coming days, Polish President Andrzej Duda said in the morning of May 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Putin's Nationalist Challenge
    Conflict Studies Research Centre Russian Series 05/20 Putin's Nationalist Challenge Dr Mark A Smith Executive Summary * Putin is increasingly dominating the political system, which is becoming more authoritarian. * Administrative reform has been implemented in order to streamline the state with limited success. Three key issues: * Could "mild authoritarianism" be replaced by a harsher form of rule? * What will happen in 2008, when the next presidential elections are scheduled, and Putin will be constitutionally obliged to step down? * Could the scenario of the "orange revolution" in Ukraine be repeated in Russia? * There is now a strong possibility that Putin may either attempt to stay in power after his second term expires in 2008, or attempt to create an interim leadership from 2008 to 2012, and then return to power. * Any post-2008 leadership is likely to be more nationalist and authoritarian. 05/20 Putin's Nationalist Challenge Dr Mark A Smith The Russian political system has been going through a process of subtle evolution since Vladimir Putin was first elected president in 2000. In 2000, major changes were made to the structure of centre-regional relations: • Putin created seven federal districts, headed by a plenipotentiary representative, appointed by the president, and solely accountable to him. The plenipotentiary representative’s main task is to ensure that federal government policy is being carried out by the regional leaderships. During the Yel’tsin period, many regional leaders had often ignored federal law, and elevated regional law above it. • The regional leaders were removed from the upper house of the Russian parliament, the Federation Council, and the president acquired the legal power to dismiss regional governors who defied federal law.
    [Show full text]
  • The Russian-Chinese Oil Politik
    China-Russia Relations: The Russian-Chinese Oil Politik Yu Bin Associate Professor, Wittenberg University The specter of oil is haunting the world. The battle of oil, however, is not just being waged by oilmen from Texas and done with “shock-and-awe” in the era of preemption. Nor does it have anything to do with the billion-dollar contract awarded to the U.S. firm Halliburton for the reconstruction of postwar Iraq. This time, oil, or lack of it, is clogging the geostrategic pipeline between the world’s second largest oil producer (Russia) and second largest oil importing state (China) as they haggle over the future destination of Siberia’s vast oil reserves. To be sure, the “oil politik” between Moscow and Beijing is far from a full-blown crisis. Indeed, China-Russia relations during the third quarter were marked by dynamic interactions and close coordination over multilateral issues of postwar Iraq, the Korean nuclear crisis, and institution building for the SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization). Russia’s energy realpolitik, however, has led to such a psychological point that for the first time, a generally linear, decade-long emerging Russian-Chinese strategic partnership, or honeymoon, seems arrested and is being replaced by a routine, boring, or even jolting marriage of necessity in which quarrels and conflicts are part normal. Business still as Usual Unlike the more turbulent and/or spectacular second quarter, the post-Iraq and post- SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) third quarter seemed normal for Russia and China, at least on the surface. All border checkpoints were reopened with busier transactions to make up for the losses suffered during the SARS epidemic.
    [Show full text]
  • Briefing European Parliamentary Research Service
    Briefing June 2016 Russia's 2016 elections More of the same? SUMMARY On 18 September, 2016 Russians will elect representatives at federal, regional and municipal level, including most importantly to the State Duma (lower house of parliament). President Vladimir Putin remains popular, with over 80% of Russians approving of his presidency. However, the country is undergoing a prolonged economic recession and a growing number of Russians feel it is going in the wrong direction. Support for Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev and ruling party United Russia has declined in recent months. Nevertheless, United Russia is likely to hold onto, and even increase its parliamentary majority, given the lack of credible alternatives. Of the tame opposition parties currently represented in the State Duma, polls suggest the far-right Liberal Democrats will do well, overtaking the Communists to become the largest opposition party. Outside the State Duma, opposition to Putin's regime is led by liberal opposition parties Yabloko and PARNAS. Deeply unpopular and disunited, these parties have little chance of breaking through the 5% electoral threshold. To avoid a repeat of the 2011–2012 post-election protests, authorities may try to prevent the blatant vote-rigging which triggered them. Nevertheless, favourable media coverage, United Russia's deep pockets and changes to electoral legislation (for example, the re-introduction of single-member districts) will give the ruling party a strong head-start. In this briefing: What elections will be held in Russia? Which parties will take part? Will elections be transparent and credible? The State Duma – the lower house of Russia's parliament.
    [Show full text]
  • Ana Gemmae Ac,En Ce
    B ofrst \ y o t Po«K:n ana gemmae ac,ence_ Russia in Movement S. A. Greene The London School of Economics and Political Science Russia in Movement: Civil Society and the State in Putin’s Russia Samuel A. Greene A thesis submitted to the European Institute of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, March 2010 1 UMI Number: U615977 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615977 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 mazes Russia in Movement S. A. Greene Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made.
    [Show full text]
  • The London School of Economics and Political Science State-Led Coercive Takeovers in Putin's Russia: Explaining the Underlying
    The London School of Economics and Political Science State-led coercive takeovers in Putin’s Russia: explaining the underlying motives and ownership outcomes Andrew Yorke A thesis submitted to the Department of Government at the London School of Economics and Political Science for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, April 2014 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. Abstract Since Vladimir Putin first became Russia’s President in 2000, the state has played an increasingly active and interventionist role in the economy, including through its involvement in a large number of coercive takeovers of privately-owned businesses. The best known case is the Yukos affair, but there have been many other, less prominent takeovers. These have largely been explained as predatory acts by state officials seeking to enrich themselves or increase their power. This has contributed to the perception that Putin’s Russia is a kleptocracy, with the state given free rein to engage in economically-destructive attacks on property rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Politics and Society, Fourth Edition
    Russian Politics and Society Having been fully revised and updated to reflect the considerable changes in Russia over the last decade, the fourth edition of this classic text builds on the strengths of the previous editions to provide a comprehensive and sophisticated analysis on Russian politics and society. In this edition, Richard Sakwa seeks to evaluate the evidence in a balanced and informed way, denying simplistic assumptions about the inevitable failure of the democratic exper- iment in Russia while avoiding facile generalisations on the inevitable triumph of global integration and democratisation. New to this edition: • Extended coverage of electoral laws, party development and regional politics • New chapter on the ‘phoney democracy’ period, 1991–3 • Historical evaluation of Yeltsin’s leadership • Full coverage of Putin’s presidency • Discussion of the development of civil society and the problems of democratic consolidation • Latest developments in the Chechnya conflict • More on foreign policy issues such as Russia’s relationship with NATO and the EU after enlargement, Russia’s relations with other post-Soviet states and the problem of competing ‘near abroads’ for Russia and the West • The re-introduction of the Russian constitution as an appendix • An updated select bibliography • More focus on the challenges facing Russia in the twenty-first century Written in an accessible and lively style, this book is packed with detailed information on the central debates and issues in Russia’s difficult transformation. This makes it the best available textbook on the subject and essential reading for all those concerned with the fate of Russia, and with the future of international society.
    [Show full text]
  • Viktor Pelevin's Chapaev I Pustota in the Context Ofits Times
    Satire, Parody, and Nostalgia on the Threshold: Viktor Pelevin's Chapaev i Pustota in the Context ofits Times by Krystyna A. Steiger Department ofRussian and Slavic Studies McGill Univesity December 2004 A thesis submitted to the Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies Office in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy © Krystyna A. Steiger 2004 Library and Bibliothèque et 1+1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 0-494-12949-2 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 0-494-12949-2 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, électronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Aleksandr Isayevich[a] Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Solzhenitsyn (/ˌsoʊlʒәˈniːtsɪn, ˌsɔːl­/;[2] Russian: Алекса́ндр Иса́евич Солжени́ цын, pronounced [ɐlʲɪ ˈksandr ɪˈsaɪvʲɪtɕ sәlʐɨˈnʲitsɨn]; 11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008)[3] (often Romanized to Alexandr or Alexander)[4][5] was a Russian novelist, historian, and short story writer. He was an outspoken critic of the Soviet Union and communism and helped to raise global awareness of its Gulag forced labor camp system. Solzhenitsyn in 1974 He was allowed to publish only Born Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn one work in the Soviet Union, One 11 December 1918 Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Kislovodsk, Russian SFSR (1962), in the periodical Novy Mir. After this he had to publish in the Died 3 August 2008 (aged 89) West, most notably Cancer Ward Moscow, Russia (1968), August 1914 (1971), and Occupation Novelist · essayist The Gulag Archipelago (1973). Ethnicity Russian­Ukrainian Solzhenitsyn was awarded the Citizenship Soviet Russia (1918–1922) 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature "for Soviet Union (1922–1974) the ethical force with which he has [1] pursued the indispensable Stateless (1974–1990) Soviet Union (1990–1991) traditions of Russian literature".[6] Russia (1991–2008) Solzhenitsyn was afraid to go to Stockholm to receive his award for Alma mater Rostov State University fear that he would not be allowed Notable One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich to reenter. He was eventually works The First Circle expelled from the Soviet Union
    [Show full text]
  • The Search for a New Russian National Identity
    THE SEARCH FOR A NEW RUSSIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY: RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVES BY DR. JAMES H. BILLINGTON The Library of Congress AND DR. KATHLEEN PARTHÉ University of Rochester Part of the Project on Russian Political Leaders Funded by a Carnegie Foundation Grant to James H. Billington and the Library of Congress Issued by The Library of Congress Washington, D.C. February 2003 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 3 THE FIRST COLLOQUIUM ........................................................................... 5 THE SECOND COLLOQUIUM.................................................................. 31 THE THIRD COLLOQUIUM ....................................................................... 60 AFTERWORD.............................................................................................................. 92 ENDNOTES .................................................................................................................... 99 PARTICIPANTS ...................................................................................................... 101 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................. 106 3 INTRODUCTION by James H. Billington This work combines and condenses the final reports on three colloquia I held in Russia with Dr. Kathleen Parthé on the search for a Russian national identity in the post-Soviet era. The colloquia, as well as two seminars at the Library of Congress in 1996 and 1997
    [Show full text]